EP3771610B1 - Sleeve buffer with mechanical resistance during telescoping movement - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a sleeve buffer for movable or fixed support structures according to the preamble of claim 1.

From the prior art is from the WO 16/139 596 A1 a so-called absorber buffer is known, in which a sleeve is provided in a recess in a fastening plate for fastening to the support structure. In order to enable energy dissipation in the event of a collision, in which the buffer is sacrificed in order to absorb part of the shock and reduce damage to the rail vehicle, cutting tools are provided which are attached to the fastening plate and act on the sleeve.

The prior art discloses the FR 2 789 358 A1 Sleeve buffers, which also have consumable elements and tools that machine them, for the purpose of dissipating energy when the normal operational forces are exceeded. These consumable elements and the tools that machine them if necessary are each arranged recessed in an immersion opening in the support structure, on which the sleeve buffer is mounted on the outside.

The FR 2 775 240 A1 discloses sleeve buffers, with guide and deformation structures that deform when the normal operational forces are exceeded, as well as penetration openings in the relevant support structures, into which the sleeve buffer can immerse in accordance with the length of the guide and deformation structures reduced by the deformation to compensate for the length.

The EP 1 740 435 A0 also discloses sleeve buffers, with structures that deform or break at predetermined breaking points when the normal operational forces are exceeded.

The object of the invention is to be able to provide a sleeve buffer that can be used as universally as possible for support structures of different types and with different requirements and still offers a high level of safety.

The task is, based on a sleeve buffer of the type mentioned, solved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

The measures mentioned in the dependent claims make advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention possible.

The invention relates to a sleeve buffer for movable or fixed support structures, in particular rail vehicles. A fixed support structure is, for example, a buffer block that represents the end of a track and is intended to prevent a rail vehicle from rolling beyond this area and possibly derailing. Movable support structures are usually rail vehicles such as locomotives, freight cars, passenger cars or the like. The sleeve buffer according to the invention is telescopic and comprises a first and a second guide part in the form of a sleeve and a plunger, and optionally also several guide parts. The sleeve and plunger have different diameters so that they can be pushed into one another in the event of an impact, i.e. they are telescopic. The sleeve can be fixed in place on a support structure. The relative displacement between sleeve and plunger during the telescoping movement occurs accordingly in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The corresponding sleeve buffers are often referred to as side buffers due to their arrangement on the (vehicle) support structure.

• Werden zum Beispiel Schienenfahrzeuge, z.B. Wagen, aneinandergekoppelt, so stoßen diese bei sehr geringer Geschwindigkeit im Normalbetrieb zusammen. Die Schienenfahrzeuge besitzen aber in der Regel eine große Masse, sodass ein starker Impuls dabei übertragen wird. Damit es nicht zu Beschädigungen der Schienenfahrzeuge kommt, besitzen die entsprechenden Fahrzeuge in der Regel Hülsenpuffer, welche den Stoß entsprechend abfangen können, ohne dass Strukturen beschädigt bzw. in Mitleidenschaft gezogen werden. Entsprechende Hülsenpuffer ermöglichen sehen hierfür meist ein elastisches Kraftübertragungsglied (z.B. eine Feder) vor, welche die Kraft beim Stoß aufnimmt, gestaucht wird und sich wieder ausdehnen und den Puffer in den ursprünglichen Zustand zurückversetzen kann. Die Einwirkung auf den Hülsenpuffer in diesem Kraftbereich ist also reversibel. Darüber hinaus kann zum Beispiel auch ein Schienenfahrzeug gegen eine feste Tragstruktur wie einen Pufferblock geparkt werden, sodass auch hier bei geringer Geschwindigkeitskrafteinwirkung die entsprechenden Hülsenpuffer miteinander in Berührung kommen.
• Insbesondere bei ungewollten Zusammenstößen, bei denen sehr hohe Kraftwirkungen auftreten, ermöglicht der Hülsenpuffer aber außerdem, dass zumindest ein Teil der beim Stoß auftretenden Energie aufgebraucht wird und somit nicht mehr die Tragstruktur schädigen kann. Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann zu diesem Zweck eines der Führungsteile in längliche Abschnitte unterteilt sein, die wiederum über Sollbruchverbindungen untereinander verbunden sind, die bei Überschreiten einer bestimmten Kraft beim Zusammenstoß, der sog. Auslösekraft, brechen. Im elastischen Bereich ist also eine Teleskopbewegung zwischen den Führungsteilen Stößel und Hülse zerstörungsfrei möglich, während oberhalb der Auslösekraft die Sollbruchverbindungen zwischen den Abschnitten eines der Führungsteil aufgebrochen werden. Dies ist mit einem Energieverzehr verbunden. Erfindungsgemäß wird nunmehr, ob für einen Hülsenpuffer mit oder ohne Sollbruchverbindungen in der internen Struktur, einen zusätzliches mechanisches System zum Energieverzehr bei Überschreiten der Auslösekraft vorgeschlagen.

The sleeve buffer fulfills a function in two ways, among other things:

• For example, if rail vehicles, such as wagons, are coupled together, they collide at very low speeds during normal operation. However, rail vehicles usually have a large mass, so that a strong impulse is transmitted. To ensure that the rail vehicles are not damaged, the corresponding vehicles usually have sleeve buffers that can absorb the impact without damaging or affecting structures to be pulled. Corresponding sleeve buffers usually provide an elastic force transmission member (e.g. a spring), which absorbs the force of the impact, is compressed and can expand again and return the buffer to its original state. The effect on the sleeve buffer in this force range is therefore reversible. In addition, for example, a rail vehicle can also be parked against a fixed support structure such as a buffer block, so that the corresponding sleeve buffers come into contact with one another even when the speed force is low.
• Particularly in the case of unwanted collisions in which very high forces occur, the sleeve buffer also enables at least part of the energy generated during the impact to be used up and therefore no longer be able to damage the support structure. In one embodiment of the invention, for this purpose one of the guide parts can be divided into elongated sections, which in turn are connected to one another via predetermined breaking connections, which break when a certain force is exceeded during the collision, the so-called trigger force. In the elastic range, a telescopic movement between the guide parts plunger and sleeve is possible without destruction, while above the triggering force the predetermined breaking connections between the sections of one of the guide parts are broken. This is associated with energy consumption. According to the invention, an additional mechanical system for dissipating energy when the triggering force is exceeded is now proposed, whether for a sleeve buffer with or without predetermined breaking connections in the internal structure.

Accordingly, according to the invention, a structure forming a mechanical resistance is provided in order to brake the telescoping movement during the telescoping movement of the guide parts and/or the elongated sections. Such mechanical resistance to energy dissipation offers several advantages. On the one hand, in the present case according to the invention, the mechanical resistance is used in a telescoping sleeve buffer, in such a way that the telescoping movement is also inhibited. In contrast to the prior art, diving into the support structure can be avoided. On the other hand, a mechanical resistance can be chosen so that it allows scalability, so that use on different rail vehicles or support structures of different sizes can be made possible.

In principle, different variants are conceivable as to which of the telescoping movements should be inhibited by the mechanical resistance. Firstly, a mechanical resistance can be provided which hinders telescoping movement between the first and second guide parts when the triggering force is exceeded. Secondly, the telescoping movement of the elongated sections of a guide part can also be braked once the triggering force has been reached.

According to the invention, cutting tools can be considered as structures forming mechanical resistance. When the triggering force is exceeded, these tools are brought into contact with a structure of the sleeve buffer, so that the structure of the sleeve buffer is damaged as a result of the impact effect. If the energy during the impact is sufficient, the cutting tool is pushed forward and its machining process consumes part of the energy. This embodiment has in particular the The advantage is that very good scalability is possible. In order to precisely adjust the mechanical resistance, the area over which the tool engages in the structure during machining can be selected. The penetration depth can also be varied. In addition, it is also possible to choose the number of cutting tools and thus be able to provide linear scalability. For this reason, such a sleeve buffer according to this embodiment can be selected so that it can be used and adapted for different support structures, in particular for rail vehicles of different sizes.

A plastically deformable barrier, in particular a web or a bolt, which is arranged as an obstacle in the path of the guide part or elongated section to be deformed during the telescopic movement can also be considered as mechanical resistance. In principle, scalability is also possible with this variant; for example, the mechanical resistance may correlate with the thickness of the component to be deformed or with regard to the material selection for the barrier. It is conceivable, for example, to provide a bolt for plastic deformation in an embodiment variant of the invention, so that it can be deformed or, if necessary, sheared off during the telescopic movement. The bolt can also be made of a special material to adjust the resistance. Consequently, a certain scalability is enabled. The scaling can also be adjusted by providing multiple bolts to increase resistance.

In one embodiment of the invention, the structure forming a mechanical resistance can be arranged so that during telescoping movements of the elongated sections, the cutting tool or tools perform machining perform/carry out one of the elongated sections. The elongated sections are generally only moved relative to one another when the triggering force is exceeded, in that the elongated sections are connected to one another via predetermined breaking connections, which only break when the triggering force is reached. The machining can then take place.

The cutting tool can also be arranged on one of the guide parts in such a way that it processes the other guide part when the triggering force is exceeded. For example, the tool is arranged on the ram and processes the sleeve. This embodiment of the invention can have the advantage over the variant in which an elongated section is machined that no section is affected in its structure, which is constantly in the flow of force for support. For example, if the plunger is divided into several elongated sections, these can support each other until a certain force is reached. In addition, a spring that is in the flow of force is often supported on one of the elongated sections. If the structure of an elongated section is impaired by machining, the flow of force can be impaired if the structure breaks, for example.

However, the structure forming a mechanical resistance can also be arranged in such a way that it engages with a guide part or one of the elongated sections, ie there is a mechanical coupling between the parts, which only leads to a plastic deformation when the triggering force is exceeded. It is also conceivable that the structure forming mechanical resistance is mounted in such a way that a certain freedom of movement is still possible (support with play is provided) and energy consumption can only take place from a certain trigger force or with a certain deflection / telescoping movement. This can advantageously support the fact that a certain degree of elasticity must be provided; As part of the normal buffer stroke, no machining takes place and the tool can move freely in the storage. The tool only engages with a structure once the triggering force has been reached.

When telescoping, it may be possible, for example, for the inner or outer casing of a guide part or elongated section to be machined. Machining the inner casing generally has the advantage that no chips fly away due to the high speed and may pose a danger to people in the area or damage objects in the area.

In general, the arrangement of tools along which allows good scalability to be provided.

The sleeve buffer according to the invention comprises at least two guide parts, a plunger and a sleeve. So that they can be telescoped into one another, the inside diameter of one of the guide parts is larger than the outside diameter of the other guide part. In particular, the inside diameter of the sleeve is larger than the outside diameter of the plunger, so that it can be inserted into the sleeve.

In one embodiment of the invention, the internal guide part with a smaller diameter can also be constructed from elongated sections arranged one behind the other. Of course, it is also conceivable that the outer guide part consists of elongated parts arranged one behind the other sections. If the triggering force is now exceeded, various scenarios are conceivable. In particular, the selected geometries can be dimensioned such that in the course of the displacement movement of the plunger, the predetermined breaking connections are torn off first. Following this, for example, deformations of other structures such as a deformation of the sleeve, a bolt, a deformation by a tool or the like can be provided for additional energy consumption.

If individual elongated sections are pushed telescopically into one another, they preferably have a cylindrical shape, which is also advantageous for absorbing transverse forces and has a comparatively high bending moment.

Telescopically movable elongated sections, which are connected via predetermined breaking connections, can be viewed as a one-piece component or guide part.

In an advantageous development of the invention, when telescoping, elongated sections are pushed into one another in such a way that the telescopic movement is inhibited. For this purpose, the inside diameter of the space into which the section is pushed is, from a certain point, smaller than the outside diameter of the section to be moved. Deformation is also necessary here during the telescopic movement in order to completely push the components into one another. This results in energy consumption. Advantageously, such an embodiment can be manufactured comparatively simply by strengthening the wall or simply making it thicker. In addition, a comparatively high energy consumption is made possible. It is also conceivable that one of the elongated sections is provided with recesses or slots so that controlled deformation can take place more easily and in a more targeted manner.

In a particularly preferred development of the invention, the force transmission member is always in the flow of force during the telescopic movement, even if the triggering force is exceeded. Advantageously, the force transmission member, which can be designed in particular as a spring, can always absorb and store a certain amount of energy (elastic pushing together of the buffer during normal buffer stroke). In a (partially) inelastic collision, energy is consumed, for example as a result of deformation or as thermal energy. In addition, the force transmission member ensures a certain level of support between the buffer plate, to which a force is transmitted during an impact, and the support structure.

If a predetermined breaking connection breaks between elongated sections, they are initially mechanically decoupled at these points. Advantageously, in one embodiment variant, a mechanical coupling in the longitudinal direction between elongated sections or a coupling to one of the guide parts can continue to exist even after the predetermined breaking connections have been torn off. For example, the elongated sections can slide past each other, but the guide points are in mechanical contact with one another in such a way that there is increased friction, which results in further energy consumption. The sections can, for example, have projections that come into contact with the inner walls.

In order to obtain the most compact design possible, which also has a certain symmetry property, which can also prove to be advantageous for supporting transverse forces, the cutting tool can be designed as a ring which includes at least one cutting edge, the ring in particular being not connected insert is stored or floating.

The ring can therefore be manufactured as a separate component and it is not necessary to integrate the cutting tools in one of the sections or one of the guide parts.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the guide part can be designed in such a way that after the triggering force has been exceeded, it is shortened by controlled deformation under a high, essentially constant force. This means that energy consumption can take place in a comparatively controlled form. In principle, the course of events in the event of a collision is difficult to predict; Nevertheless, the framework conditions can be created in order to at least achieve energy consumption that is as consistent as possible.

Examples of embodiments

Figur 1:

einen Hülsenpuffer gemäß der Erfindung mit einem Werkzeug-Ring,

Figur 2:

einen weiteren Hülsenpuffer gem. der Erfindung mit einer Sollbruchverbindung und einem die Hülse bearbeitenden Werkzeug, sowie

Figur 3:

eine zusätzliche Variante eines Hülsenpuffers gem. der Erfindung mit einer Sollbruchverbindung und einem die länglichen Abschnitte bearbeitenden Werkzeug.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are explained in more detail below with further details and advantages. Show in detail:

Figure 1:

a sleeve buffer according to the invention with a tool ring,

Figure 2:

a further sleeve buffer according to the invention with a predetermined breaking connection and a tool that processes the sleeve, as well

Figure 3:

an additional variant of a sleeve buffer according to the invention with a predetermined breaking connection and a tool that processes the elongated sections.

Figure 1 shows a sleeve buffer 1 with a plunger 2 and a sleeve 3, the plunger 2 being mounted as the first guide part in the sleeve 3 as the second guide part. The plunger 2 is partially accommodated in the sleeve 3, with both guide parts 2, 3 overlapping over a certain coverage length 4. This overlap 4 means, among other things, that any transverse forces that may occur in the event of an impact can be absorbed. The sleeve 3 in turn is firmly connected to the support structure 5. Towards the support structure 5, the plunger 2 ends with a ring 6, which is provided with cutting tools 7. The tools 7 are arranged on the circumference of the ring 6. The floating ring is in contact with an elongated section 8 in which a spring 9 is mounted.

This spring 9 is permanently in the flow of force: If a force acts on the buffer plate 10 as a result of a shock, the plunger 2 connected to the buffer plate 10 presses on the ring 6 and in turn transmits a force to the section 8 and thus also to the spring 9 , which in turn is supported on the support structure 5. As long as the tools 7 do not reach the bolts 11 when the sleeve buffer 1 is compressed, which does not occur in the area of the normal buffer stroke, the shock can be absorbed essentially elastically via the spring 9 alone. After the force is lifted, the plunger 2 is pushed away from the support structure 5 again and reaches its original position. The sleeve 3 is provided with a recess 12 in the area of the tools 7, so that the tools 7 are mounted with play in this area and can be moved in the direction of the longitudinal axis without machining.

Only when the triggering force is exceeded do the cutting tools 7 hit the bolt 11 and can process it or, if necessary, shear it off. The sleeve 3 is in the area 3a are also thicker, so that the tools 7 cut into the material of the sleeve 3 in the area 3a after the bolt 11 has been separated or shielded. From this point onwards, the intended energy consumption takes place.

The section 8 is provided with projections 13 so that these can guide the section in the areas 3a since they rest on the inner wall. In the event of further deformation, the ring 6 can also be designed in such a way that a certain force is sufficient to cause the section 8 to break through the ring 6. This measure also results in further energy consumption. Finally, the plunger 2 is designed in the area 2a so that its inner diameter tapers. If section 8 hits this area, it experiences further mechanical resistance, which contributes to energy dissipation.

The sleeve buffers 21, 31 according to Figures 2 , 3 are equipped with predetermined breaking connections S.

• Zum einen können Sollbruchverbindungen S aufbrechen.
• Zum anderen kann die Hülse 23 durch Werkzeuge 27 spanabhebend bearbeitet werden.

After Figure 2 the tools 27 are attached directly to the plunger 22 in order to machine the sleeve 23 when the triggering force is exceeded and to cause energy consumption. A recess 23a is provided in the sleeve 23, in which the tool 27 is mounted (with play). This is because the plunger 22 is mechanically coupled via the extension sleeve 28, to which it is connected via the predetermined breaking connection S. The extension sleeve 28 in turn is supported on the support structure 25 via the spring 29. The spring 29 is therefore constantly in the flow of force and can absorb energy and, if necessary, also dampen it. If the triggering force is exceeded, two mechanisms can be used to dissipate energy:

• On the one hand, predetermined breaking connections S can break.
• On the other hand, the sleeve 23 can be machined using tools 27.

In Figure 3 a sleeve buffer 31 is sketched, which differs from the variant according to Figure 2 the extension sleeve 38 is processed as an elongated section and thus, in addition to a breakage of the predetermined breaking connections S when the triggering force is exceeded, leads to energy consumption. The tools 37 are also attached to the plunger 32, but on its inner surface so that they can hit the extension sleeve 38. The sleeve 33, which is firmly connected to the support structure 35, is not machined. The spring 39 is practically permanently in the flow of force when the sleeve buffer 31 is subjected to a force via the buffer plate T.

What all embodiments and developments of the invention have in common is that a structure forming a mechanical resistance is provided in order to brake the telescoping movement during one of the telescoping movements of the guide parts and / or the elongated sections, the proposed sleeve buffer being universal for support structures of different types and with different requirements can be used and still offers a high level of security.

List of reference symbols:

1

Sleeve buffer

2

Pestle

2a

narrowed area

3

sleeve

3a

thickened area

4

Overlap area

5

Support structure

6

Tool ring

7

Tool

8th

Extension sleeve / elongated section

9

Feather

10

Buffer plate

11

bolt

12

recess

13

projection

21

Sleeve buffer

22

Pestle

23

sleeve

23a

recess

25

Support structure

27

Tool

28

Extension sleeve

29

Feather

31

Sleeve buffer

32

Pestle

33

sleeve

35

Support structure

37

Tool

38

Extension sleeve

39

Feather

S

Predetermined breaking connection

T

Buffer plate

Claims (13)

1. Sleeve buffer (1, 21, 31) for mobile or fixed support structures (5, 25, 35), in particular of rail vehicles,

   - having a first and a second guide part in the form of a sleeve (3, 23, 33) and a tappet (2, 22, 32) ;

   - wherein the sleeve (3, 23, 33) is able to be fastened so as to be stationary on the support structure (5, 25, 35), and the tappet (2, 22, 32) is displaceable relative to the sleeve (3, 23, 33) in the vehicle longitudinal direction and in the displacement movement thereof is received by the sleeve (3, 23, 33);

   - wherein a first and a second guide part (2, 22, 32; 3, 23, 33) are configured in such a way that they are telescopically displaceable in one another; and

   - having a force transmission member (9, 29, 39) for resiliently coupling the tappet (2, 22, 32) to the support structure (5, 25, 35);

   - wherein in particular at least one of the two guide parts (2, 22, 32; 3, 23, 33) is composed of at least two elongate portions (2, 22, 32; 8, 28, 38) which are disposed behind one another and in the region of their adjacent end sides are in each case interconnected by one or a plurality of predetermined breaking connection or connections (S) and have dissimilar cross-sectional dimensions in such a manner that the predetermined breaking connection or connections (S) is/are torn off and the elongate portions (2, 22, 32; 8, 28, 38) telescopically slide in one another when a specific impact force (triggering force) acting on the sleeve buffer (1, 21, 31) is exceeded;

   - wherein provided is a structure (2a, 6, 7, 11, 27, 37) which forms a mechanical resistance so as to decelerate the telescopic movement during one of the telescopic movements of the guide parts (2, 22, 32; 3, 23, 33) and/or of the elongate portions (2, 22, 32; 8, 28, 38);

   - characterized in that a subtractive tool (7) is disposed on a ring (6) that covers the tappet (2) towards the support structure (5), so as to machine, or optionally shear off, a pin (11) which is disposed on the sleeve (3) when the triggering force is exceeded, wherein the sleeve (3) is in each case configured so as to be thicker in a region (3a) that follows the pin (11) towards the support structure (5) in the shearing direction, such that the tool (7), after severing or shearing off the pin (11), cuts into the material of the sleeve (3) in the region (3a) so as to consume energy as from this point in time; or

   - in that a subtractive tool (37) is disposed on the inner shell face of the tappet (32) so as to, besides rupturing of the predetermined breaking connections (S), when the triggering force is exceeded, subtractively machine an extension sleeve (38) which as an elongate portion by means of predetermined breaking connections (S) is likewise connected to the tappet (32) on the inner shell face of the latter and points away therefrom in the direction of the support structure (35), and in this way to cause a consumption of energy.
2. Sleeve buffer (1, 21, 31) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the structure forming a mechanical resistance comprises:

   - at least the subtractive tool (6, 7, 27, 37); and/or

   - at least one plastically deformable obstacle part, in particular a web, which in the telescopic displacement is disposed as an obstacle in the path of one of the guide parts (2, 22, 32) or elongate portions (8, 28, 38); and/or

   - at least one pin (11) which, for the plastic deformation of one of the guide parts in the telescopic displacement, is disposed as an obstacle in the path of one of the guide parts (2, 22, 32) or elongate portions (8, 28, 38).
3. Sleeve buffer (1, 21, 31) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure (6, 7, 27, 37) forming a mechanical resistance is disposed in such a way that, in the telescopic movement of the elongate portions and/or of the guide parts, the subtractive tool (7, 27, 37) and/or the at least one subtractive tool (7, 27, 37) carry/carries out subtractive machining of one of the elongate portions (38) and/or of one of the guide parts (3a, 11, 23).
4. Sleeve buffer (1, 21, 31) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two of the elongate portions (2, 22, 32; 8, 28, 38) disposed behind one another and/or of the guide parts (2, 22, 32; 3, 23, 33) have dissimilar diameters.
5. Sleeve buffer (1, 21, 31) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure (6, 7, 27, 37) forming a mechanical resistance is disposed in such a way that said structure engages with one of the elongate portions and/or with one of the guide parts (3, 23) and/or is mounted with a clearance.
6. Sleeve buffer (1, 21, 31) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the subtractive tool and/or at least one of the subtractive tools (7, 27, 37) are/is disposed in such a way that said tool during the subtractive machining of one of the guide parts (3, 23, 33) and/or of one of the elongate portions is covered towards the outside, in particular subtractively machines the inner shell of one of the elongate portions during the telescopic movement so as to reduce the dissemination of chips towards the outside.
7. Sleeve buffer (1, 21, 31) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

   - the inner guide part is composed of the elongate portions (2, 8, 22, 28, 32, 38) which are disposed behind one another; and/or

   - the outer guide part is composed of the elongate portions which are disposed behind one another; and/or

   - the guide parts are sized in such a way that the tearing off of the predetermined breaking connection (S) in the course of the displacement movement of the tappet (2, 22, 32) occurs first, and the beginning of a deformation of the other guide part takes place only shortly thereafter; and/or

   - the telescopically displaceable elongate portions have a cylindrical, tubular design; and/or

   - the predetermined breaking connection (S), conjointly with one or a plurality of the telescopically displaceable elongate portions (22, 28, 32, 38), forms an integral component.
8. Sleeve buffer (1, 21, 31) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first elongate portion (2a) of two of the elongate portions which are telescopically displaceable in one another, on that side that faces the other, second elongate portion (8), has a larger internal diameter, such that the second elongate portion is mounted thereon in the first elongate portion, wherein the internal diameter of the first elongate portion (2a) decreases towards that side that faces away from the second elongate portion (8), such that a mechanical resistance is imparted to the telescopic movement of the second elongate portion that slides into the first elongate portion.
9. Sleeve buffer (1, 21, 31) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

   - the force transmission member, which is in particular configured as a spring (9, 29, 39), is disposed in such a way that said force transmission member, when the triggering force acting on the sleeve buffer (1, 21, 31) is exceeded, is always in the force flux during the telescopic movement of the elongate portions (2, 8, 22, 28, 32, 38); and/or

   - the elongate portions are configured in such a way that a mechanical coupling in the longitudinal direction between the elongate portions is upheld when the predetermined breaking connection or connections (S) is/are torn off.
10. Sleeve buffer (1, 21, 31) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the subtractive tool (7) is configured as a ring (6) which comprises at least one cutting blade, wherein the ring is in particular configured as a non-connected insert and/or is mounted in a floating manner.
11. Sleeve buffer (1, 21, 31) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure forming a mechanical resistance is attached to one of the guide parts (22, 32), in particular to one of the elongate portions.
12. Sleeve buffer (1, 21, 31) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the guide parts (2, 22, 32; 3, 23, 33) is configured in such a way that said guide part is shortened by controlled deformation at a high, substantially consistent force level when the triggering force is exceeded.
13. Sleeve buffer (1, 21, 31) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the subtractive tool (27) is disposed on the tappet (22) so as to subtractively machine the sleeve (3) when the triggering force is exceeded, in order to cause a consumption of energy.

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