EP1740435A1

EP1740435A1 - Plunger buffer

Info

Publication number: EP1740435A1
Application number: EP04729619A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Sieghard Schneider
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2004-04-27
Filing date: 2004-04-27
Publication date: 2007-01-10
Anticipated expiration: 2024-04-27
Also published as: PL1740435T3; SK51012006A3; ES2305766T3; SI1740435T1; DE502004006968D1; ATE393073T1; WO2005115818A1; EP1740435B1; SK287991B6

Abstract

The invention relates to a plunger buffer that comprises first and second guide elements in the form of a buffer housing (10) and a plunger (20). The aim of the invention is to allow a significant length reduction for the controlled deformation of the buffer housing in the event of overload and at the same time a sufficiently large overlap in the normal operation (compression until full plunger displacement is attained). For this purpose, at least one (20) of the two guide elements (10, 20; 10, 50) consists of two or more elongate sections (22, 24; 52, 54) disposed one after the other. The elongate sections (22, 24; 52, 54), in the area of their adjacent faces, are interlinked by one ore more predetermined breaking point(s) (23; 53) each and have different cross-sectional dimensions. When a defined impact force (triggering force) onto the buffer housing (1) is exceeded, the predetermined breaking point(s) (23; 53) tear(s) off and the elongate sections (22, 24; 52, 54) are telescoped into each other.

Description

PILLAR BUFFER B E S C H R E I N T U N G

The invention relates to a sleeve buffer according to the

The preamble of claim 1. Such a sleeve buffer is

well known.

Known sleeve buffers are used in locomotives, freight cars or

Passenger carriages used as so-called page buffers to bump into

To accommodate and dampen vehicle longitudinal direction. In case of

Oblique or eccentric shocks can cause additional lateral forces

the sleeve buffers in the vehicle transverse direction and / or in the vertical

Direction occur. Structurally known sleeve buffer consist

a buffer housing and an internal power transmission member,

usually the element with spring and / or Damping properties. The housing takes over the lead in

Longitudinal direction and the support of lateral forces, while the

internal spring and / or damping elements, the forces in

Transfer longitudinal direction. There are designs in which the

vehicle-mounted part of the housing (sleeve) lies outside, and the guided,

slidable part (plunger) lies inside. But there are also designs

with reverse arrangement, in which the sleeve is inside and the

Tappet surrounds the sleeve outside. The sliding surfaces are in any case

cylindrical and generally throughout the entire support area.

The distance between the front and the rear boundary of the

Pad area is referred to as cover length L ₀ .

Basically, all sleeve buffer designs are attempted to

the overlap length between solid (sleeve) and moving part

(Ram) as large as possible ausmeführen to shear forces better

to be able to support. A large overlap length reduces that

Frictional forces and wear between the guide parts (sleeve

and pestles) and reduces the risk _. a tilting or

Jamming of the guide parts. The overlap length should be to

Avoiding canting and self-locking of sleeve and Plunger significantly larger than the diameter of the cylindrical

Be guiding surfaces. Usually it is a multiple of the

Buffer stroke. The maximum possible overlap length can be at most

assume a value that results from the total length of the

Sleeve buffer minus the thickness of the buffer plate, the thickness of the buffer

Caseback and the double buffer stroke. At this maximum cover length is a clearance of both the plunger and the

Sleeve guaranteed.

Typically, known sleeve buffers have a length of about

620 to 650 mm and a buffer stroke - this corresponds to the spring travel

of the spring element - in the range of 100 to 110 mm, as this is for

certain categories of vehicles in European directives (for example, UIC

Leaflets 526, 528) is standardized. The outside diameter of

Tappet and sleeve lie between mounting flange and buffer plate

typically in the range of 200 to 250 mm. The

Cover length is usually in the range 250 to 350 mm.

After reaching the maximum buffer stroke, the guide parts abut

(Sleeve and plunger) known sleeve buffer on defined attacks. at Bumps, which the energy absorption capacity of the sleeve buffers

the sleeve buffer goes to stop and transmit in the

Follow very high peak forces on the stiff vehicle structure. It kick

then often significant damage to the vehicle structure.

In order to avoid or reduce such damage, it is known

the guide parts of the sleeve buffer in such a way that after their

Impact on defined attacks an additional Verkürzungs¬

possibility under controlled deformation and energy absorption

is available. For example, in DE Patent 462 539 a

Described deformation point in the buffer ram described. With this

Construction, however, can only be a relatively small additional

Reach deformation path that is smaller than the buffer stroke. Further

must because of the desired deformation point in the buffer ram the

Cover length be reduced accordingly. In another,

from DE-patent 747 330 known sleeve buffer with

Destruction member becomes a part of the buffer bottom when overloaded

sheared off and then the front part of the outer housing part by forming with great effort on a smaller

Diameter pushed into the rear part. At this Construction can exceed the overlap length over a normal one

Buffers remain large; furthermore, they are relatively large

Shifts beyond the normal buffer stroke possible. however

must for the immersion of the entire buffer housing in the

Vehicle structure an opening and additional space kept free

become. Essential components of the buffer are taken as a whole

postponed; the entire length of the buffer is not shortened.

Finally, in another, in DE 100 37 050

described sleeve buffer devices with shortenability and

Energy absorption capacity specified. This construction also allows relatively large displacement paths over the normal buffer stroke

In addition, however, in contrast to DE 747 330, without additional

To claim space within the vehicle structure. The disadvantage is

however, that the coverage length is exactly the same

must be withdrawn, as the displacement over the

normal buffer stroke increases. When big displacement

be realized, the overlap length on a very

small measure be withdrawn. The overlap length can

reach very small dimensions, which are significantly lower than that

Diameter of sleeve and plunger, reducing the risk of Jamming and tilting is big. For practical use

This principle forces you to make a compromise between

Shift path length and overlap length to enter.

The object of the invention is, in a sleeve buffer the

the aforementioned type both a great shortening length for the

to achieve controlled deformation of the buffer housing in case of overload

as well as a sufficiently large overlap length in the same time

Normal operation (spring deflection to buffer stroke).

This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments and further developments of

Sleeve buffers according to the invention result from the

Dependent claims.

Embodiments of a sleeve buffer according to the invention are in

illustrated the drawings. Show it Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal section through a first embodiment of a sleeve buffer according to the invention in the rebounded ground state, wherein in the two halves of the illustration, two different alternative embodiments are illustrated.

2 is a schematic longitudinal section through the embodiment of FIG. 1 in the state of maximum displacement beyond the normal buffer stroke,

Fig. 3 is a schematic longitudinal section through a further embodiment of an inventive

Sleeve buffers, and

4 shows a schematic longitudinal section through the embodiment according to FIG. 3 in the state of maximum displacement beyond the normal buffer stroke,

The illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 embodiments of a

Sleeve buffers 1 according to the invention each comprise two coaxial arranged guide parts, of which the one guide part a

fixed sleeve 10 (Figures 1 and 2) and 50 (Figures 3 and 4) and

the other guide part is an axially movable plunger 20.

It is convenient and corresponds to the state of the art, the two

Guide parts, in particular in the area of their sliding surfaces,

cylindrical, tubular shape to give. The description of the

Exemplary embodiment is therefore limited to these below

Construction.

In the following, the first embodiment according to FIGS

and 2 will be explained according to their construction and operation.

The tubular sleeve 10 is at its right axial end with a

Fixing flange 11 (buffer bottom) completed, which at one

Supporting structure 2 of a rail vehicle, not shown, attached

for example screwed. The mounting flange 11 carries the

Sleeve 10 and is preferably with the one end side of the sleeve 10th

integrally connected, for example, welded. The mobile one

Tappet 20 consists of a buffer plate 21 and a tubular

Section 22, which in the Ex on the inner wall is slidable. The inner wall of the sleeve

10 takes the executives to slide the plunger 20 in

radial direction. The protruding from the sleeve 10 end face of the

Tappet 20 is closed with the buffer plate 21, to which

Impact forces applied especially when maneuvering the rail vehicle

become. In that regard, the structure of the invention corresponds

Sleeve buffer 1 has the structure of known sleeve buffers, that is, it has

Seen from the outside, the shape and dimensions of a known

Plunger buffer.

In contrast to the prior art is at the free axial end of the rohrförrnigen portion 22 of the. Plunger 20 an extension sleeve 24 coaxially mounted, whose diameter is smaller

is the diameter of the tubular portion 22. The

Attachment of the extension sleeve 24 takes place by means of a

Predetermined breaking connection 23, which the outer surface of the Verlängerungs¬

bushing 24 with the inner surface of tubular section 22 in FIG

Area of its free axial end positive and positive

combines. The predetermined breaking connection 23 can, for example, in ^" form

be formed of shear bolts or sections weld beads. The extension sleeve 24 is at its one with the rohrförrnigen

Section 22 connected end face by a face plate 24c

closed and has at its opposite end a covenant

24d, which is supported against the inner surface of the sleeve 10.

In a first, in the upper half of the illustration in FIG. 1

The illustrated alternative is inside the extension socket

24 a Kraftübertragungsghed 30 in the form of a spring and / or

Damping element 30 a arranged, which extends between the end plate 24 c of the extension sleeve 24 and the

Mounting flange 11 of the plunger 10 is supported. The power transmission member 30 is formed so that it shorten only to the maximum buffer stroke of the plunger 20 in its normal operation

can when the collar 24 d of the extension sleeve 24 against the

Mounting flange 11 of the plunger 10 hits and the

Breaking bond 23 remains intact.

In a second, in the lower half of Fig. 1 illustrated

Alternative missing the face plate 24c. Inside the open on both sides

Extension bushing 24 and the tubular portion 22 of Plunger 20 is a power transmission member 40 in the form of a spring

and / or damping element 40a, which is located between

the buffer door 21 and the mounting flange 11 of the plunger 10th

supported. The Kraftübertragungsghed 40 is formed so that it

beyond the maximum buffer stroke of the plunger 20 can shorten,

if, in the case of a controlled deformation of the sleeve 10 (Figure 2), the collar 24d of the extension sleeve 24 is against the

Mounting flange 11 of the plunger 10 hits and the

Predetermined breaking connection 23 upon further displacement of rohrförrnigen

Section 22 of the buffer 20 breaks or tears off. This case is illustrated in FIG.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the predetermined breaking connection 23 ruptures

Exceeding a maximum load or when reaching a

maximum displacement path of the plunger 20 from. The break of the

Breaking bond 23 means that the extension sleeve 24th

into the interior of the tube-shaped Abschmtts 22 of the plunger 20th

can move telescopically. The further displacement movement of the

Buffer plate 21 and the rohrförrnigen portion 22 of the plunger 20 is

by the deformation of the sleeve 10 and - in the case of the alternative according to the lower half of Fig. 1 - in addition by the

Power transmission member 40 damped. Namely, as soon as the buffer plate 21

strikes against the free end edge of the sleeve 10, begins at further

Displacement of the buffer plate 21 one from the free end edge of the sleeve

10 outgoing deformation of the sleeve 10 in the form of a compression or

- Alternatively - a spread depending on the mechanical training of

Sleeve 10. The case of a compression of the sleeve 10 is in the lower

Half of Fig. 2 indicated by corrugations 40b. The case of one

Spreading of the sleeve 10 is in the upper half of Fig. 2 by

individual segments indicated 40a. In both cases, the sleeve 10 is shortened in its axial length, so that the tubular portion 22 of the plunger 20 with its right front end practically to the

Inner surface of the mounting flange 11 can move. In this

Final state, the extension sleeve 24 has completely in the

tube-shaped section 22 pushed in, wherein the front end of the

ririrförmigen portion 22 against the collar 24d of

Extension sleeve 24 is present. This final state is shown in FIG. 2

veranschauücht. In the drawings, the following designations are for length measures

provided, which are used in the following description: _x total length of the sleeve buffer 1, LQ cover length between the sleeve 10 and, the plunger 20,. Lj length of the tubular portion 22 of the plunger 20, Lj length of the extension sleeve 24 of the plunger 20, corresponds to the length of the second portion of the cover length Lo, L ₄ length of the free passage of the plunger 20 for the normal buffer stroke, L ₅ length of the free passage of the sleeve 10th for the normal buffer stroke, L ₆ length of the first portion of the overlap length, corresponds to the length of the front slide surface portion, Ly length of the third portion of the overlap length, corresponds to the length of the rear slide surface portion, L, 'total length of the sleeve buffer 1 in the state of maximum displacement over the normal Buffer stroke addition.

Based on the known construction of sleeve buffers, the one

have large overlap length, but where ram 20 and

Sleeve 10 simultaneously reach a stop and along her

the entire cover length lie directly against each other, offers the

Invention the ability to shorten both guide parts 10, 20 and

nevertheless to keep the deformation force at a controllable level.

The theoretical possibility, both rohrförrnigen guide parts 10, 20 deforming together would be due to the large common

Wall thickness and due to mutual obstruction during the

Deformation generate a very high, inappropriate force level.

Therefore the functions of shortening and deformation become

separated and individually assigned to the two guide parts 10, 20.

One of the two guide parts 10 and 20 is a low-resistance

or perform resistance-free shortening, the little space

claimed while the other guide member 20 and 10 should shorten under deformation to reach the desired level of force during the displacement.

It is within the meaning of the invention behebig which of the two functions

one or the other of the two guide parts 10, 20

is assigned. However, it does not seem to be appropriate for the

Deformationsfunktion the inside of the two guide parts 10,

Assign 20 because in the interior of the sleeve buffer 1 of the space

largely filled by spring and / or damping elements

and therefore only very little space for a deformation process

Available. This case is therefore for simplicity in the further description not treated.

It is favorable for the reasons mentioned, the outboard of the two

Guide parts 10, 20 deform to the outside, because there

sufficient space is available. The inner leadership part

the two guide parts 10, 20 must be shortened in this case

perform, on the one hand, the deformation of the outer guide member

not impeded and on the other hand generates as little resistance as possible,

so as not to excessively increase the total deformation force. It is important that the length of the inner guide member is not reduced in the ground state, because this is at the expense of

Cover length would go. For this purpose, the sliding surface between plunger and sleeve in three sections (length dimensions L ₆ , L ₃ and Lγ)

divided, of which the first section L _s and the third section L _?

As sliding surfaces are functionally necessary to the Fünrungsfunktion in

Normal operation with the desired overlap length to meet. Around

the surface pressures under transverse load in normal operation not

to let grow large, the sections L ₆ and lη a certain

Minimum length not to fall below. The middle section L, is in

Diameter withdrawn and no longer serves as a sliding surface, But still must the mechanically rigid connection between the

first section L ₆ and the third section L _? produce to the

To fulfill leadership function overall. Because the diameter

this middle section L _{3 is} reduced as necessary

is that it is within the inner diameter of the tubular first

Section L ₆ can be pushed into this, a relative

large, but low-resistance shortening of the inside

Reached management part. The second and third sections L ₃ and y

can, similar to a telescope, be pushed inside the first section L ₆ and in the subsequent section Lj. For

The overall function is further required that the two mutually displaceable sections are rigidly coupled in Norrnalbetrieb and bending moments between the first section L ₆ and the third.

Section Ly can be transmitted reliably. Further is

necessary that the connection between the first section L ₆

(tubular portion 22) and the second portion 1 ^

(Extension bushing 24) produced by the predetermined breaking connection 23

which, when an overload condition occurs, becomes stiff until then

Connection disconnects. This can e.g. by shear bolts or change

Abreißglieder, but also by locally weakened connecting webs respectively. The predetermined breaking connection 23 can either continously on am

Extend the circumference of the extension sleeve 24 along or out

uniformly or unevenly distributed discrete individual elements

consist. An uneven distribution can e.g. be useful to

the stability under lateral load in a certain preferred direction

to reinforce, without the release force in longitudinal load too

influence.

With the measures described can meet the conflicting demands for large overlap length in normal operation, large shortening length with controlled deformation after overload and avoiding the use of additional space in the vehicle structure at the same time.

It is a very large shortening achievable, to about half

the original length. This is in Fig. 2, based on the

Length measure Lj 'shown.

The principle of the telescoping sections 22, 24 ^'of the

internal guide part is with different deformation muster of the outer guide part combined, and indeed

both with a widening and spreading of a pipe and with

for example, one with regular or irregular compression

or folding a tube, as in Fig. 2 by the reference numeral 40 a and

40b is indicated.

The illustrated principle is for both a design of the sleeve buffer

with an internal plunger 20 as well as a design of the

Sleeve buffer with inner sleeve 10 applicable. Such

Design is easily imagined by intellectual interchange of buffer plate 21 and mounting flange 11.

The principle of the telescopically movable sections of

Guide parts of the sleeve buffer can in extension of

Embodiment of Figures 1 and 2 in addition to the sleeve 10th

be applied. This extension of the principle is based on the

Figures 3 and 4 explained, in which the sleeve in contrast to the

Figures 1 and 2 instead of the reference numeral 10 now with the

Reference numeral 50 is provided. The formation of the ram 20 ^" at the

Embodiment of Figures 3 and 4 is identical to the training in the first embodiment of Figures 1 and 2. The

However, the embodiment of the sleeve 50 is different from FIGS. 1 and 2

two-piece in the form of telescopically movable

Sections 52, 54 with intermediate breaking connection 53

executed. As shown in Fig. 4, shortening plunger 20 and

Sleeve 50 telescopic. This shortening can be under a certain

desired resistance, e.g. by the in Fig. 3rd

shown components of the predetermined breaking connections 24, 54 or also

through other resistance elements between the telescope

moving components. Optionally, an additional deformation element 60 may be disposed between the extension sleeve 24 or its end plate 24c and the buffer tappet 21. The deformation element 60 may be formed so that the required.

Force level during the mutual displacement movement of the

Components 22, 24 and 52, 54 is achieved. Alternatively, the additional

Deformation element 60 in the form of two separate deformation body

60a and 60b between the buffer plate 21 and the portion 52 of

Sleeve 50 (deformation element 60a) and between the section 22nd

the plunger 20 and the collar 24d of the extension sleeve 24th

to be ordered. In Fig. 4, the sleeve buffer of Fig. 3 is in the maximum state

Displacement shown. One recognizes that at the same time a

telescopic displacement of plunger 20 and sleeve 50 and possibly one

Deformation of the deformation element 60 or the

Deformation body 60a, 60b has occurred. Such

Embodiment of the sleeve buffer according to the invention is indeed relative

consuming, but such an embodiment may be appropriate

if the surrounding space is very limited. In the further should

but considered the simpler Ausfüimmgsform according to Figures 1 and 2

be, in which only the tubular portion 22 of the plunger 20 is formed telescopically displaceable and is surrounded by the sleeve 10.

The illustrated principle of telescopic displacement can

mutatis mutandis to more than two nested sections

be applied. Such training may be appropriate

if an even greater overall shortening of the sleeve buffer is to be achieved X and the corresponding space required in

Urnfangsrichtung the sleeve buffer is given. It is understood that

between each two of the several sections one each To provide predetermined breaking connection.

Due to the illustrated telescopic construction, the function of

Moving low resistance or resistance free running.

This allows the buildup of the desired level of force during the

Displacement alone and undisturbed by the outer guide part

done by controlled deformation. By the clear separation of the

Functions and their low mutual influence will be the

Design and controllability of the overall system much easier compared to constructions in which both guide parts 10,

20 are subjected to both deformation processes and interactions.

The design can be further simplified by the

Tearing off / triggering the predetermined breaking connection 23 between the first

Section L ₆ and the second section L ₃ at the stop of

inside leadership part first takes place and shortly thereafter the

Stop and the beginning deformation of the outer guide part

he follows. This allows the tripping force threshold and the third

Force level separated during controlled deformation interpret and modify each other.

The described housing properties can be with different

Combine arrangements of buffer springs. For example, the

from the second section L ₃ and the third section L _? existing

Extension sleeve 24 of the inner guide member with a

Support in the form of the end plate 24c for the spring and / or

Damping element 30a are provided. This can be combined with

the triggering / tearing of the predetermined breaking connection 23 also a

Shutdown of the spring action of the spring and / or Dämpfungs¬

Achieve element 30a to avoid an increase in the force with increasing displacement path. In this case, it must be noted that the predetermined breaking connection 23 in addition to the normal operation

transmitted forces of the spring and / or damping element 30a and must be sufficiently dimensioned for this.

Alternatively, can be dispensed with the shutdown of the spring action

when the spring and damping element 40a is used,

which is suitable for a large shortening. In this case, the missing

End plate 24c of the extension sleeve 24.

Claims

Sleeve buffer (1) for movable or fixed supporting structures (2),

in particular rail vehicles, with first and second

Guide parts in the form of a sleeve (10) and a plunger (20),

wherein the sleeve (10) fixed to the support structure (2) fastened

is and the plunger (29) relative to the sleeve (10) in

Vehicle longitudinal direction is displaceable and is guided in its displacement movement of the sleeve (10), and with

a power transmission gear (30; 40) for resiliently coupling the plunger (20) to the support structure (2), characterized in that at least one (20) of the two

Guide parts (10, 20; 10, 50) of two or more,

successively arranged elongate sections (22, 24;

54), in the region of their adjacent end faces through

in each case one or more predetermined breaking connection (s) (23; 53)

interconnected and different

Have cross-sectional dimensions, such that at

Exceeding a certain impact force (release force)

the sleeve buffer (1) the predetermined breaking connection (s) (23; 53) tears off and the elongate sections (22, 24, 52, 54) telescope into one another.

2. sleeve buffer according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner guide part (20) consists of the successively arranged elongate portions (22, 24).

3. sleeve buffer according to claim 1, characterized in that the outside Hegende guide member (50) consists of the successively arranged elongated sections (52, 54).

4. sleeve buffer according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that one of the guide parts (20, 10, 50, 10) is designed so that it shortens after exceeding the release force by kontrolüerte deformation under a high, substantially constant force level ,

5. sleeve buffer according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by such a dimensioning of the Fuhrungsteile (10, 20, 10, 50) that the tearing of the Predetermined breaking connection. (23; 53) occurs first in the course of the sliding movement of the plunger (20) and only shortly after the beginning of a deformation of the other guide part (10).

6. sleeve buffer according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the telescopically displaceable elongate portions (22, 24; 52, 54) have cylindrical, tubular shape.

7. sleeve buffer according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the predetermined breaking connection (23; 53) together with one or more of the telescopically displaceable elongated portions (22, 24; 52, 54) forms an integral component.

8. sleeve buffer according to eihem of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the predetermined breaking connection (23; 53) radially between the adjacent end faces of the telescopically displaceable elongated portions (22, 24; 52, 54) is arranged and in the circumferential direction of the sections (22, 24, 52, 54) formed continuously or interrupted.

9. sleeve buffer according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that as KraftübertragungsgHed a spring and / or damping element (30 a) is provided, which between the support structure (2) and an end plate (24 c) of the one elongated portion (24 ) is supported with the ^■ smaller cross-sectional dimension, wherein the spring and / or damping element (30a) is designed so that it can shorten only in the normal operation until the maximum buffer stroke of the plunger (20)

10. sleeve buffer according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the lengths (L ^ and L ₃ ) of the telescopically displaceable elongated portions (22, 24, 52, 54) are chosen to be equal.