EP1738005B1 - Method for producing fibre composite semi-finished products by means of a round wickerwork technique - Google Patents

Method for producing fibre composite semi-finished products by means of a round wickerwork technique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1738005B1
EP1738005B1 EP05733313A EP05733313A EP1738005B1 EP 1738005 B1 EP1738005 B1 EP 1738005B1 EP 05733313 A EP05733313 A EP 05733313A EP 05733313 A EP05733313 A EP 05733313A EP 1738005 B1 EP1738005 B1 EP 1738005B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
threads
braiding
partially
braided
supporting
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1738005A1 (en
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Andreas Gessler
Franz Maidl
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Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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EADS Deutschland GmbH
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
    • D04C1/02—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof made from particular materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing fiber composite semifinished products by means of circular braiding according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a fiber composite semi-finished produced according to the invention is specified in claim 8.
  • the known methods have the disadvantage that the braiding fibers are damaged and weakened by the shearing forces acting on them during braiding or by friction at corresponding crossover points, which is achieved, for example, by a braiding machine with two braiding rings (FIG. DE-C-101 15 935 ) can be reduced.
  • a braiding machine with two braiding rings FIG. DE-C-101 15 935
  • EP 0 628 401 A1 is a method for producing a product, in particular a sports device made of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin known, and a corresponding component in which matrix-forming fibers and reinforcing fibers are interwoven or intertwined.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method for producing braided fiber composite semi-finished products, in which the fiber damage is reduced and such semi-finished products can be produced with significantly reduced fiber waviness and improved material properties.
  • the invention is based on the round braiding technique in which a braided core is braided with braiding threads which are unwound by means of clutches rotating concentrically around the braid core in different directions characterized in that the clapper one circumferential direction with reinforcing threads and the clapper of the opposite direction of rotation are at least partially equipped with support threads, wherein the support threads are at least partially made of thermoplastic threads.
  • thermoplastic threads which are known to consist of plastics (polyamides, polystyrenes, polyethylenes, polyesters, etc.) and melt when heated above the softening point, can be thermoformed and solidify again after cooling and also have good sliding properties, the friction of the first weaving crosses braids reduced during braiding, since the reinforcing threads slide on the thermoplastic threads friction reduced. This results in a significant reduction of the fiber damage and consequently an improvement in the material properties of the braid result.
  • plastics polyamides, polystyrenes, polyethylenes, polyesters, etc.
  • the support threads which consist at least partially of thelmoplastic threads, hold the reinforcing threads deposited on the fiber core in position, so that at the same time the flexibility of the braiding process with respect to the braided core geometry is ensured.
  • the elastic thermoplastic threads nestle so tightly between the reinforcing threads that they come to lie practically without any gap in parallel and are thus stored almost free of waves. Due to the associated reduced fiber waviness, the positive properties of the reinforcing threads can be optimally utilized, so that the material properties of fiber composite semifinished products produced according to the invention are greatly improved.
  • the braided core is braided several times in succession, each unidirectional reinforcing fiber individual layers are deposited on the braid core.
  • the term "unidirectional" expresses the fact that it is level, not wavy individual layers.
  • This in turn has the advantage that the predictability of the fiber structure produced according to the invention Braids is improved because the mathematical models for unidirectional scrim are applicable.
  • a further advantage consists in that, in the case of a layered braiding of the braided core, before laying down a further single layer, the previously deposited single layer can be fixed by melting the thermoplastic threads. This prevents slipping or shifting in a simple and effective manner.
  • the melting can be carried out for example by local heating or by applying a vacuum tube with subsequent heating. In the latter method, the stored individual layer is compacted accordingly, which further reduces the waviness of the braid.
  • an asymmetric bobbin occupation is possible in which the number of rotating in one direction clapper is not equal to the number of rotating in opposite directions clapper, which ensures a high degree of variation. If, for example, three quarters of the bobbins revolving in one direction with reinforcing threads and one quarter of the bobbins revolving in the opposite direction, with thermoplastic threads, the one and a half times the number of reinforcing threads can be processed in a single layer, so that a 50% increased stacking width is achieved. The achievable core circumference increases to the same extent. This has the advantage that correspondingly smaller and therefore cheaper machines can be used.
  • the reinforcing threads of carbon, glass, aramid and / or Kevlar fibers which are characterized by high tensile and compressive stiffness and high tensile and compressive strength.
  • the support threads dissolve completely or at least partially at temperatures at which the mesh is usually infiltrated.
  • the supporting threads completely or at least partially of Grilon ® filaments or other thermoplastic threads with melting temperatures in the range of infiltration temperature.
  • the support threads may also consist of materials that are only partially melting,
  • Fiber composite semifinished products braided in accordance with the invention are characterized in that they consist of a multiplicity of unidirectional individual layers deposited in layers, wherein each individual layer has interlaced support threads which at least partially consist of thermoplastic threads. It is advantageous that can be addressed by suitable choice of support threads in a simple way to special requirements, so that the support threads are dissolved in the infiltrated mesh either completely or partially.
  • bobbins ie bobbin holders which receive bobbin wefts
  • guideways are two counter-rotating concentric orbits around a braiding core to be braided.
  • the Braiding threads of the clapper rotate in the positive direction of rotation with those of the negative direction of rotation, so that when braiding a three-dimensional braid core, a braid is formed.
  • Fig. 1 shows a simplified representation in side view of the thread guide in the method according to the invention.
  • a robot moves relative to the fixed braiding machine body 2 in the direction of the movement arrow 3, wherein the braided threads 4a, 4b unwind from the bobbins 5a and 5b and after a deflection are deposited on the braiding core 1 on the braiding ring 6 via corresponding crossover at the braiding points.
  • the clappers 5a and 5b have different directions of rotation around the fiber core 1. For reasons of simplified drawing are in Fig. 1 only two of the many other braiding threads 4a, 4b and clapper 5a, 5b shown.
  • the claw 5a are equipped with reinforcing threads 4a made of carbon, glass, aramid and / or Kevlar fibers, and the circulating in opposite direction clapper 5b are with supporting threads 4b, at least partially made of thermoplastic threads (eg Grilon ® - or Polyester threads) consist, equipped.
  • the reinforcing threads 4a shown in solid lines, and the supporting threads 4b are shown in dashed lines.
  • the reinforcing threads 4a are stored wave-free, where they by the support threads 4b are kept in position, so that the flexibility of the braiding process with respect to the core geometry as in conventional braiding techniques is maintained.
  • the fusible, elastic thermoplastic threads containing support threads 4b nestle so tightly between the reinforcing fibers 4a, that this virtually without gap parallel to come lie. In this way, flat, non-wavy individual layers (so-called unidirectional layers) are deposited on the braided core 1, which improves the mathematical predictability of the fiber structure of such braids, since existing theoretical models for unidirectional scrim can be used.
  • each unidirectional individual layers are stored.
  • the braiding can also take place only in one direction of movement, wherein a renewed approach of the braiding threads can be avoided, for example by removing the braid threads in the longitudinal direction of the braided core 1.
  • the previously deposited single layer can be prefixed by brushing the braided thermoplastic threads. This can be done either by local heating or by applying a vacuum tube with subsequent heating. The latter has the advantage that the ripple is further reduced.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows the thread guide on the braid core 1 in front view in an asymmetric assignment of the clapper.
  • the clappers are in Fig. 2 not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • Three quarters of the clappers run counterclockwise around the braid core 1 and are covered with Verstarkungsfäden 4a.
  • the remaining bobbins, which run in the clockwise direction around the braid core 1, are covered with support threads 4b (shown in dashed lines).
  • support threads 4b shown in dashed lines.
  • Fig. 3 the occupation of the braiding machine for the laying of reinforcing threads and support threads in the ratio 3: 1 in a schematic representation. Every line of Fig. 3 shows the position of the clappers after a quarter turn.
  • the rectangles marked in gray stand for clappers that run counterclockwise around the core of the braid.
  • the rectangles with the crosses stand for clappers that run in a clockwise direction, and the white rectangles stand for empty squares.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 are for illustrative purposes only.
  • braided semifinished fiber composite products according to the invention consist of a multiplicity of unidirectional individual layers deposited in layers, wherein each individual layer has interlaced supporting threads which at least partially consist of thermoplastic threads.
  • supporting threads which have a melting temperature of about 85 ° C, these dissolve during infiltration of the mesh in the matrix system.
  • support threads or support thread compositions can be used, which dissolve only partially when infiltrating the braid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Abstract

Method of producing fiber composite semifinished products by means of a circular braiding technique, a braiding core being braided with braiding threads which are unwound by means of bobbins circling concentrically about the braiding core in different directions, characterized in that the bobbins of one circling direction are fitted with reinforcing threads and the bobbins of the opposite circling direction are at least partially fitted with supporting threads, the supporting threads at least partially consisting of thermoplastic threads.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Faserverbund-Halbzeugen mittels Rundflechttechnik gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Ein erfindungsgemäß hergestelltes Faserverbund-Halbzeug ist in Patentanspruch 8 angegeben.The present invention relates to a method for producing fiber composite semifinished products by means of circular braiding according to the preamble of patent claim 1. A fiber composite semi-finished produced according to the invention is specified in claim 8.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind unterschiedliche Verfahren zum Herstellen von rohrförmigen ( DE-A-42 34 979 ) oder dreidimensionalen Geflechte ( US-5630349 ) bekannt. Derartige Rundgeflechte besitzen aufgrund der Tatsache, dass Flechtfasern auf einen Flechtkern aufgewickelt werden, naturgemäß eine sogenannte Leinwand- bzw. Körperbindung. Dies hat eine Welligkeit der Flechtfasern zur Folge, was dazu führt, dass die positiven Eigenschaften der Fasern, nämlich eine hohe Zug- und Drucksteifigkeit bzw. eine hohe Zug- und Druckfestigkeit, in einem mit konventioneller Flechttechnik hergestellten Faserverbundwerkstoff nicht optimal ausgenutzt werden können,The prior art discloses different methods for producing tubular ( DE-A-42 34 979 ) or three-dimensional braids ( US 5630349 ) known. Due to the fact that braiding fibers are wound onto a braided core, such circular braids naturally have a so-called "linen weave". This results in a waviness of the braiding fibers, with the result that the positive properties of the fibers, namely high tensile and compressive stiffness or high tensile and compressive strength, can not be optimally utilized in a fiber composite material produced using conventional braiding technology,

Daneben weisen die bekannten Verfahren den Nachteil auf, dass die Flechtfasern durch die während des Flechtens auf sie einwirkenden Scherkräfte bzw. durch Reibung an entsprechenden Überkreuzungsstellen beschädigt und geschwächt werden, was beispielsweise durch eine Flechtmaschine mit zwei, periodische Hubbewegungen ausführenden Flechtringen ( DE-C-101 15 935 ) verringert werden kann. Allerdings besteht auch bei dieser Anordnung weiterhin das Problem der Faserwelligkeit.In addition, the known methods have the disadvantage that the braiding fibers are damaged and weakened by the shearing forces acting on them during braiding or by friction at corresponding crossover points, which is achieved, for example, by a braiding machine with two braiding rings (FIG. DE-C-101 15 935 ) can be reduced. However, there is also the problem of fiber waviness in this arrangement as well.

Aus Druckschrift EP 0 628 401 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Produktes, insbesondere eines Sportgerätes aus faserverstärktem thermoplastischem Harz bekannt, sowie ein entsprechendes Bauteil, bei dem matrixbildende Fasern sowie Verstärkungsfasern verwoben oder verflochten werden.From publication EP 0 628 401 A1 is a method for producing a product, in particular a sports device made of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin known, and a corresponding component in which matrix-forming fibers and reinforcing fibers are interwoven or intertwined.

In Druckschrift WO 92/15740 A1 ist ein asymmetrisches Flechten zur Verbesserung faserverstärkter Produkte beschrieben.In publication WO 92/15740 A1 describes asymmetric braiding for improving fiber reinforced products.

Aus Druckschrift EP 0 628 401 A1 ist ein so genanntes Prepreg (vorimprägniertes) Material sowie ein Verfahren und ein daraus hergestellter Sportartikel bekannt.From publication EP 0 628 401 A1 is a so-called prepreg (pre-impregnated) material and a method and a sports article made therefrom known.

Aus der Druckschrift WO 92/15740 ist ein asymmetrisches Flechtverfahren für verbesserte faserverstärkte Produkte bekannt.From the publication WO 92/15740 is an asymmetric braiding process for improved fiber reinforced products known.

Somit liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von geflochtenen Faserverbund-Halbzeugen zu schaffen, bei dem die Faserschädigung verringert ist und derartige Halbzeuge mit deutlich verminderter Faserwelligkeit und verbesserten Materialeigenschaften hergestellt werden können.Thus, the present invention has for its object to provide a method for producing braided fiber composite semi-finished products, in which the fiber damage is reduced and such semi-finished products can be produced with significantly reduced fiber waviness and improved material properties.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 bzw. 8 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and 8, respectively.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung basiert auf der Rundflechttechnik, bei der ein Flechtkern mit Flechtfäden beflochten wird, welche über konzentrisch um den Flechtkern in unterschiedliche Richtung umlaufende Klöppel abgespult werden, und zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Klöppel einer Umlaufrichtung mit Verstärkungsfäden und die Klöppel der entgegengesetzten Umlaufrichtung zumindest teilweise mit Stützfäden bestückt sind, wobei die Stützfäden zumindest teilweise aus Thermoplastfäden bestehen.The invention is based on the round braiding technique in which a braided core is braided with braiding threads which are unwound by means of clutches rotating concentrically around the braid core in different directions characterized in that the clapper one circumferential direction with reinforcing threads and the clapper of the opposite direction of rotation are at least partially equipped with support threads, wherein the support threads are at least partially made of thermoplastic threads.

Durch das Einftechten von Thermoplastfäden, die bekanntlich aus Kunststoffen (Polyamide, Polystyrole, Polyethylene, Polyester etc.) bestehen und bei Erwärmung über den Erweichungspunkt schmelzen, sich warmverformen lassen und nach Abkühlung wieder erstarren und darüber hinaus gute Gleiteigenschaften aufweisen, wird zunächst die Reibung der sich beim Flechten überkreuzenden Flechtfäden reduziert, da die Verstärkungsfäden auf den Thermoplastfäden reibungsvermindert abgleiten. Dies hat eine deutliche Verringerung der Faserschädigung und folglich eine Verbesserung der Materialeigenschaften des Geflechtes zur Folge.By the lamination of thermoplastic threads, which are known to consist of plastics (polyamides, polystyrenes, polyethylenes, polyesters, etc.) and melt when heated above the softening point, can be thermoformed and solidify again after cooling and also have good sliding properties, the friction of the first weaving crosses braids reduced during braiding, since the reinforcing threads slide on the thermoplastic threads friction reduced. This results in a significant reduction of the fiber damage and consequently an improvement in the material properties of the braid result.

Zweckmäßigerweise halten die zumindest teilweise aus Thelmoplastfäden bestehenden Stützfäden die auf dem Faserkern abgelegten Verstärkungsfäden in Position, so dass gleichzeitig die Flexibilität des Flechtprozesses bezüglich der Flechtkemgeometrie gewährleistet ist. Die elastischen Thermoplastfäden schmiegen sich dabei so eng zwischen die Verstärkungsfäden, dass diese praktisch ohne Zwischenraum parallel zu liegen kommen und somit nahezu wellenfrei abgelegt werden. Durch die damit einhergehende reduzierte Faserwelligkeit können die positiven Eigenschaften der Verstärkungsfäden optimal ausgenutzt werden, so dass die Materialeigenschaften erfindungsgemäß hergestellter Faserverbund-Halbzeuge stark verbessert sind.Expediently, the support threads, which consist at least partially of thelmoplastic threads, hold the reinforcing threads deposited on the fiber core in position, so that at the same time the flexibility of the braiding process with respect to the braided core geometry is ensured. The elastic thermoplastic threads nestle so tightly between the reinforcing threads that they come to lie practically without any gap in parallel and are thus stored almost free of waves. Due to the associated reduced fiber waviness, the positive properties of the reinforcing threads can be optimally utilized, so that the material properties of fiber composite semifinished products produced according to the invention are greatly improved.

Zweckmäßigerweise wird der Flechtkern mehrmals nacheinander beflochten, wobei jeweils unidirektionale Verstärkungsfaser-Einzellagen auf dem Flechtkern abgelegt werden. Der Begriff "unidirektional" bringt dabei zum Ausdruck, dass es sich um ebene, nicht wellige Einzellagen handelt. Dies hat wiederum den Vorteil, dass die Berechenbarkeit des Faseraufbaus erfindungsgemäß hergestellter Geflechte verbessert ist, da die mathematischen Modelle für unidirektionale Gelege anwendbar sind. Zudem ist die Dicke derartiger Einzellagen im Vergleich zu einem mittels herkömmlicher Flechttechnik hergestelltem Geflecht, d.h. alle Klöppel sind mit Verstärkungsfäden belegt, auf ungefähr die Hälfte reduziert.Advantageously, the braided core is braided several times in succession, each unidirectional reinforcing fiber individual layers are deposited on the braid core. The term "unidirectional" expresses the fact that it is level, not wavy individual layers. This in turn has the advantage that the predictability of the fiber structure produced according to the invention Braids is improved because the mathematical models for unidirectional scrim are applicable. In addition, the thickness of such individual layers in comparison to a braiding produced by means of conventional braiding, ie all clusters are covered with reinforcing threads, reduced to about half.

Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass bei einem schichtweisen Beflechten des Flechtkerns vor dem Ablegen einer weiteren Einzellage die zuvor abgelegte Einzellage durch Schmelzen der Thermoplastfäden fixiert werden kann. Dadurch wird auf einfache und effektive Weise ein Verrutschen oder Verschieben verhindert. Das Schmelzen kann beispielsweise durch lokale Erwärmung oder durch Aufbringen eines Vakuumschlauches mit nachfolgender Erwärmung durchgeführt werden. Bei letzterem Verfahren wird die abgelegte Einzellage entsprechend verdichtet, was die Welligkeit des Geflechtes weiter reduziert.A further advantage consists in that, in the case of a layered braiding of the braided core, before laying down a further single layer, the previously deposited single layer can be fixed by melting the thermoplastic threads. This prevents slipping or shifting in a simple and effective manner. The melting can be carried out for example by local heating or by applying a vacuum tube with subsequent heating. In the latter method, the stored individual layer is compacted accordingly, which further reduces the waviness of the braid.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist eine asymmetrische Klöppelbesetzung möglich, bei der die Anzahl der in einer Richtung umlaufenden Klöppel ungleich der Anzahl der in entgegengesetzter Richtung umlaufenden Klöppel ist, was einen hohen Variationsgrad gewährleistet. Belegt man beispielsweise drei Viertel der in eine Richtung umlaufenden Klöppel mit Verstärkungsfäden und ein Viertel der in entgegengesetzter Richtung umlaufenden Klöppel, mit Thermoplastfäden, kann in einer Einzellage die anderthalbfache Anzahl an Verstärkungsfäden verarbeitet werden, so dass eine um 50 % erhöhte Ablagebreite erreicht wird. Der beflechtbare Kernumfang steigt in gleichem Maße. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass entsprechend kleinere und damit billigere Maschinen verwendet werden können.Conveniently, an asymmetric bobbin occupation is possible in which the number of rotating in one direction clapper is not equal to the number of rotating in opposite directions clapper, which ensures a high degree of variation. If, for example, three quarters of the bobbins revolving in one direction with reinforcing threads and one quarter of the bobbins revolving in the opposite direction, with thermoplastic threads, the one and a half times the number of reinforcing threads can be processed in a single layer, so that a 50% increased stacking width is achieved. The achievable core circumference increases to the same extent. This has the advantage that correspondingly smaller and therefore cheaper machines can be used.

Typischerweise bestehen die Verstärkungsfäden aus Kohle-, Glas-, Aramid- und/oder Kevlarfasern, die sich durch hohe Zug- und Drucksteifigkeit sowie hohe Zug- und Druckfestigkeit auszeichnen.Typically, the reinforcing threads of carbon, glass, aramid and / or Kevlar fibers, which are characterized by high tensile and compressive stiffness and high tensile and compressive strength.

Erfindungsgemäß lösen sich die Stützfäden bei Temperaturen, bei denen das Geflecht üblicherweise infiltriert wird, ganz oder zumindest teilweise auf. Je nach Anwendungsfall bestehen die Stützfäden ganz oder zumindest teilweise aus Grilon®-Fäden oder anderen Thermoplastfäden mit Schmelztemperaturen im Bereich der Infiltrationstemperatur. Daneben können die Stützfäden auch aus Materialien bestehen, die lediglich teilweise schmelzend sind,According to the invention, the support threads dissolve completely or at least partially at temperatures at which the mesh is usually infiltrated. Depending on Application pass the supporting threads completely or at least partially of Grilon ® filaments or other thermoplastic threads with melting temperatures in the range of infiltration temperature. In addition, the support threads may also consist of materials that are only partially melting,

Erfindungsgemäß geflochtene Faserverbund-Halbzeuge zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie aus einer Vielzahl schichtweise abgelegter unidirektionaler Einzellagen bestehen, wobei jede Einzellage eingeflochtene, zumindest teilsweise aus Thermoplastfäden bestehende Stützfäden aufweist. Vorteilhaft ist dabei, dass durch geeignete Wahl der Stützfäden auf einfache Weise auf spezielle Anforderungen eingegangen werden kann, so dass die Stützfäden im infiltrierten Geflecht entweder ganz oder teilweise aufgelöst sind.Fiber composite semifinished products braided in accordance with the invention are characterized in that they consist of a multiplicity of unidirectional individual layers deposited in layers, wherein each individual layer has interlaced support threads which at least partially consist of thermoplastic threads. It is advantageous that can be addressed by suitable choice of support threads in a simple way to special requirements, so that the support threads are dissolved in the infiltrated mesh either completely or partially.

Nachstehend wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

Fig.1
eine schematische Darstellung der Fadenführung am Flechtkern in Seitenansicht;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung der Fadenführung am Flechtkern in Vorderansicht, und
Fig. 3
eine schematische Bersetzung der Flechtmaschine für das Ablegen von Verstärkungsfäden und Stützfäden im Verhältnis von 3:1.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. It shows:
Fig.1
a schematic representation of the thread guide on the braid core in side view;
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of the thread guide on the braided core in front view, and
Fig. 3
a schematic translation of the braiding machine for the deposition of reinforcing threads and supporting threads in the ratio of 3: 1.

Beim Flechtvorgang werden bekanntlich Klöppel, d.h. Spulenhalter, die Flechtfadenspulen aufnehmen, auf Führungsbahnen relativ zueinander bewegt, so dass geflechtbildende Fadenüberkreuzungen entstehen. Beim Rundflechten sind die Führungsbahnen zwei gegenläufige konzentrische Kreisbahnen um einen zu beflechtenden Flechtkem. Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, dass sich die Flechtfäden der Klöppel in positiver Drehrichtung mit denen der negativen Drehrichtung überkreuzen, so dass beim Umflechten eines dreidimensionalen Flechtkerns ein Geflecht entsteht.In the braiding process, it is known that bobbins, ie bobbin holders which receive bobbin wefts, are moved relative to one another on guideways, so that braiding thread crossovers are formed. In round braiding, the guideways are two counter-rotating concentric orbits around a braiding core to be braided. In this way it is achieved that the Braiding threads of the clapper rotate in the positive direction of rotation with those of the negative direction of rotation, so that when braiding a three-dimensional braid core, a braid is formed.

Fig. 1 zeigt in vereinfachter Darstellung in Seitenansicht die Fadenführung beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren. Beim Flechten wird der Flochtkern 1 in bekannter Weise, beispielsweise mit einem Roboter (nicht dargestellt) relativ zu dem feststehenden Flechtmaschinenrumpf 2 in Richtung des Bewegungspfeils 3 bewegt, wobei sich die Flechtfäden 4a, 4b von den Klöppeln 5a bzw. 5b abspulen und nach einer Umlenkung am Flechtring 6 über entsprechende Überkreuzung an den Flechtpunkten auf dem Flechtkern 1 abgelegt werden. Die Klöppel 5a und 5b weisen dabei unterschiedliche Umlaufrichtungen um den Faserkem 1 auf. Aus Gründen der zeichnerischen Vereinfachung sind in Fig. 1 nur zwei der vielen weiteren Flechtfäden 4a, 4b bzw. Klöppel 5a, 5b dargestellt. Fig. 1 shows a simplified representation in side view of the thread guide in the method according to the invention. When braiding the floss core 1 is in a known manner, for example with a robot (not shown) moves relative to the fixed braiding machine body 2 in the direction of the movement arrow 3, wherein the braided threads 4a, 4b unwind from the bobbins 5a and 5b and after a deflection are deposited on the braiding core 1 on the braiding ring 6 via corresponding crossover at the braiding points. The clappers 5a and 5b have different directions of rotation around the fiber core 1. For reasons of simplified drawing are in Fig. 1 only two of the many other braiding threads 4a, 4b and clapper 5a, 5b shown.

Wie in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellt ist, sind die Klöppel 5a mit Verstärkungsfäden 4a aus Kohle-, Glas-, Aramid- und/oder Kevlarfasem bestückt, und die in entgegengesetzter Richtung umlaufenden Klöppel 5b sind mit Stützfäden 4b, die zumindest teilweise aus Thermoplastfäden (z.B. Grilon®- oder Polyesterfäden) bestehen, bestückt. Zur besseren Unterscheidung sind in Fig. 1 die Verstärkungsfäden 4a mit durchgezogenen Linien dargestellt, und die Stützfäden 4b sind gestrichelt eingezeichnet. Auf Grund der guten Gleiteigenschaften der Thermoplastfäden wird die Reibung bei der Umlenkung am Flechtring 6 sowie an Überkreuzungspunkten von Verstärkungsfäden 4a und Stützfäden 4b reduziert, was eine deutliche Abnahme der Faserschädigung zur Folge hat, Zudem werden die Verstärkungsfäden 4a wellenfrei abgelegt, wobei sie durch die Stützfäden 4b in Position gehalten werden, so dass die Flexibilität des Flechtprozesses bezüglich der Kemgeometrie wie bei herkömmlichen Flechttechniken erhalten bleibt. Die schmelzbar, elastische Thermoplastfäden enthaltenden Stützfäden 4b schmiegen sich dabei so eng zwischen die Verstärkungsfasern 4a, dass diese praktisch ohne Zwischenraum parallel zu liegen kommen. Auf diese Weise werden ebene, nicht wellige Einzellagen (sogenannte Unidirektionallagen) auf dem Flechtkern 1 abgelegt, was die mathematische Berechenbarkeit des Faseraufbaus derartiger Geflechte verbessert, da auf bestehende theoretische Modelle für unidirektionale Gelege zurückgegriffen werden kann.As in Fig. 1 is shown schematically, the claw 5a are equipped with reinforcing threads 4a made of carbon, glass, aramid and / or Kevlar fibers, and the circulating in opposite direction clapper 5b are with supporting threads 4b, at least partially made of thermoplastic threads (eg Grilon ® - or Polyester threads) consist, equipped. For better distinction are in Fig. 1 the reinforcing threads 4a shown in solid lines, and the supporting threads 4b are shown in dashed lines. Due to the good sliding properties of the thermoplastic threads, the friction during deflection at the braiding ring 6 and at crossing points of reinforcing threads 4a and support threads 4b is reduced, resulting in a significant decrease in fiber damage result, In addition, the reinforcing threads 4a are stored wave-free, where they by the support threads 4b are kept in position, so that the flexibility of the braiding process with respect to the core geometry as in conventional braiding techniques is maintained. The fusible, elastic thermoplastic threads containing support threads 4b nestle so tightly between the reinforcing fibers 4a, that this virtually without gap parallel to come lie. In this way, flat, non-wavy individual layers (so-called unidirectional layers) are deposited on the braided core 1, which improves the mathematical predictability of the fiber structure of such braids, since existing theoretical models for unidirectional scrim can be used.

Zum Aufbau eines Faserverbund-Halbzeuges wird der Flechfikern 1 mehrmals nacheinander, durch entsprechendes Hin- und Herbewegen des Flechtkernes 1 in Richtung des Bewegungspfeils 3, beflochten, wobei jeweils unidirektionale Einzellagen abgelegt werden. Hier bietet es sich an, den Flechtvorgang sowohl bei der Hin- als auch bei Herbewegung durchzuführen, um einen erneuten Ansatz der Flechtfäden zu vermeiden. Selbstverständlich kann der Flechtvorgang auch nur in einer Bewegungsrichtung erfolgen, wobei ein erneuter Ansatz der Flechtfäden beispielsweise durch Abziehen der Flechtfäden in Längsrichtung des Flechtkerns 1 vermieden werden kann.To build a fiber composite semi-finished the Flechfikern 1 several times in succession, by appropriate reciprocating the braid core 1 in the direction of the movement arrow 3, entloated, each unidirectional individual layers are stored. Here it makes sense to perform the braiding both in the forth as well as herring, to avoid re-approach the braiding threads. Of course, the braiding can also take place only in one direction of movement, wherein a renewed approach of the braiding threads can be avoided, for example by removing the braid threads in the longitudinal direction of the braided core 1.

Alternativ kann vor dem Ablegen einer weiteren Einzellage die zuvor abgelegte Einzellage durch Aufschrnelzen der eingeflochtenen Thermoplastfäden vorfixiert werden. Dies kann entweder durch lokales Erwärmen oder durch Aufbringen eines Vakuumschlauches mit nachfolgender Erwärmung durchgeführt werden. Letzteres hat den Vorteil, dass die Welligkeit weiter reduziert wird.Alternatively, before depositing a further single layer, the previously deposited single layer can be prefixed by brushing the braided thermoplastic threads. This can be done either by local heating or by applying a vacuum tube with subsequent heating. The latter has the advantage that the ripple is further reduced.

Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch die Fadenführung am Flechtkern 1 in Vorderansicht bei einer asymmetrische Belegung der Klöppel. Die Klöppel sind in Fig. 2 aus Gründen der besseren Übersicht nicht dargestellt. Bei der exemplarischen Anordnung gemäß Fig. 2 laufen drei Viertel der Klöppel in Gegenuhrzeigerrichtung um den Flechtkern 1 und sind mit Verstarkungsfäden 4a belegt. Die restlichen Klöppel, die in Uhrzeigerrichtung um den Flechtkern 1 verlaufen, sind mit Stützfäden 4b (gestrichelt dargestellt) belegt. Auf diese Weise kann die anderthalbfache Anzahl von Verstärkungsfäden 4a in einer unidirektionalen Einzellage verarbeitet werden, was eine um 50 % erhöhte Ablagebreite ermöglicht. Folglich würde sich bei einer derartigen drei Viertel / ein Viertel-Belegung eine 144 Klöppel-Maschine wie eine konventionell betriebene Maschine mit 216 Klöppeln verhalten, so dass eine entsprechend kleinere und damit preiswertere Maschine verwendet werden könnte. Fig. 2 schematically shows the thread guide on the braid core 1 in front view in an asymmetric assignment of the clapper. The clappers are in Fig. 2 not shown for reasons of clarity. In the exemplary arrangement according to Fig. 2 Three quarters of the clappers run counterclockwise around the braid core 1 and are covered with Verstarkungsfäden 4a. The remaining bobbins, which run in the clockwise direction around the braid core 1, are covered with support threads 4b (shown in dashed lines). In this way, the one and a half times the number of reinforcing threads 4a can be processed in a unidirectional single layer, which is a 50% increased storage width allows. Consequently, with such a three quarter / quarter occupancy, a 144 beater machine would behave like a conventionally operated machine with 216 beaters, so that a correspondingly smaller and thus cheaper machine could be used.

Zusätzlich zeigt Fig. 3 die Besetzung der Flechtmaschine für das Ablegen von Verstärkungsfäden und Stützfäden im Verhältnis 3:1 in schematischer Darstellung. Jede Zeile von Fig. 3 zeigt die Position der Klöppel nach einer viertel Drehung. Die grau markierten Rechtecke stehen für Klöppel, die im Gegenuhrzeigersinn um den Flechtkern laufen, Die Rechtecke mit den Kreuzen stehen für Klöppel, die im Uhrzeigersinn laufen, und die weißen Rechtecke stehen für leere Plätze.Additionally shows Fig. 3 the occupation of the braiding machine for the laying of reinforcing threads and support threads in the ratio 3: 1 in a schematic representation. Every line of Fig. 3 shows the position of the clappers after a quarter turn. The rectangles marked in gray stand for clappers that run counterclockwise around the core of the braid. The rectangles with the crosses stand for clappers that run in a clockwise direction, and the white rectangles stand for empty squares.

Selbstverständlich können auch andere Belegungsverhältnisse der Klöppel gewählt werden, und Figs. 2 und 3 dienen lediglich zur beispielhaften Erläuterung.Of course, other occupancy ratios of the clapper can be selected, and Figs. 2 and 3 are for illustrative purposes only.

Erfindungsgemäß geflochtene Faserverbund-Halbzeuge bestehen folglich aus einer Vielzahl von schichtweise abgelegten unidirektionalen Einzellagen, wobei jede Einzellage eingeflochtene, zumindest teilweise aus Thermoplastfäden bestehende Stützfäden aufweist. Werden als Stützfäden beispielsweise Grilon®-Fäden verwendet, die eine Schmelztemperatur von ca. 85 °C haben, lösen sich diese beim Infiltrieren des Geflechtes im Matrixsystem auf. Daneben können auch Stützfäden bzw. Stützfädenzusammensetzungen verwendet werden, die sich beim Infiltrieren des Geflechtes nur teilweise auflösen.Consequently, braided semifinished fiber composite products according to the invention consist of a multiplicity of unidirectional individual layers deposited in layers, wherein each individual layer has interlaced supporting threads which at least partially consist of thermoplastic threads. Are used for example Grilon ® filaments as supporting threads, which have a melting temperature of about 85 ° C, these dissolve during infiltration of the mesh in the matrix system. In addition, support threads or support thread compositions can be used, which dissolve only partially when infiltrating the braid.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for the production of composite-fibre semi-finished products by means of the circular braiding technique, a braiding core (1) being braided with braiding threads (4a, 4b) which are unwound via bobbins (5a, 5b) rotating concentrically about the braiding core (1) in different directions, the bobbins (5a) of one direction of rotation being equipped with reinforcing threads (4a), and the bobbins (5b) of the opposite running direction being equipped at least partially with supporting threads (4b), and the supporting threads (4b) consisting at least partially of thermoplastic threads, the melting temperature of which lies in the region of the infiltration temperature, so that the supporting threads (4b) at least partially melt during the infiltration of the braided structure with a matrix system.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing threads (4a) are held in position by the supporting threads (4b).
  3. Method according to either one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the braiding core (1) is braided a plurality of times, in each case unidirectional single plies being deposited on the braiding core (1).
  4. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that, before a further single ply is deposited, the single ply previously deposited is fixed due to the melting of the thermoplastic threads.
  5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the number of bobbins rotating in one direction is unequal to the number of bobbins rotating in the opposite direction.
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing threads (4a) used are carbon, glass, aramid and/or Kevlar fibres.
  7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supporting threads (4b) consist at least partially of Grilon® threads.
  8. Braided composite-fibre semi-finished product, produced by means of a method according to one of Claims 1-7, consisting of a multiplicity of unidirectional single plies deposited in layers, each single ply having reinforcing threads (4a) and braided-in supporting threads (4b) consisting at least partially of thermoplastic threads, the supporting threads (4b) being capable of at least partially melting during the infiltration of the braided structure in a matrix system.
  9. Braided composite-fibre semi-finished product according to Claim 8, characterized in that the supporting threads (4b) consist at least partially of Grilon® threads.
EP05733313A 2004-04-06 2005-04-06 Method for producing fibre composite semi-finished products by means of a round wickerwork technique Active EP1738005B1 (en)

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PCT/DE2005/000603 WO2005098117A1 (en) 2004-04-06 2005-04-06 Method for producing fibre composite semi-finished products by means of a round wickerwork technique

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