DE102019104427A1 - Tubular semi-finished fiber product, fiber-reinforced plastic hollow profile, method for producing a fiber semi-finished product and method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic hollow profile - Google Patents
Tubular semi-finished fiber product, fiber-reinforced plastic hollow profile, method for producing a fiber semi-finished product and method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic hollow profile Download PDFInfo
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- DE102019104427A1 DE102019104427A1 DE102019104427.8A DE102019104427A DE102019104427A1 DE 102019104427 A1 DE102019104427 A1 DE 102019104427A1 DE 102019104427 A DE102019104427 A DE 102019104427A DE 102019104427 A1 DE102019104427 A1 DE 102019104427A1
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- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 title description 7
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein rohrförmiges Faserhalbzeug mit mindestens einer Lage von Verstärkungsfasern, die als triaxiales Geflecht (12) ausgebildet ist. In wenigstens einem umfangsseitigen Teilbereich (I) des Faserhalbzeugs (10) ist eine zusätzliche, lokal begrenzte Faserschicht (18) angeordnet. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein faserverstärktes Kunststoffhohlprofil und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Faserhalbzeugs und des faserverstärkten Kunststoffhohlprofils.The invention relates to a tubular semi-finished fiber product with at least one layer of reinforcing fibers, which is designed as a triaxial braid (12). An additional, locally delimited fiber layer (18) is arranged in at least one peripheral partial area (I) of the semifinished fiber product (10). The invention also relates to a fiber-reinforced plastic hollow profile and a method for producing the semi-finished fiber product and the fiber-reinforced plastic hollow profile.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein rohrförmiges Faserhalbzeug, ein faserverstärktes Kunststoffhohlprofil, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faserhalbzeugs und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Kunststoffhohlprofils.The invention relates to a tubular semi-finished fiber product, a fiber-reinforced plastic hollow profile, a method for producing a fiber semi-finished product and a method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic hollow profile.
Faserverstärkte Kunststoffhohlprofile sind bekannt und werden beispielsweise als Karosseriebauteile eingesetzt. Zur Herstellung der Kunststoffhohlprofile werden rohrförmige Faserhalbzeuge verwendet, bei denen eine oder mehrere Lagen von Verstärkungsfasern zu einer Preform angeordnet sind, die ähnlich der späteren Profilform ist. Das Faserhalbzeug wird dann durch Infiltration mit einer Kunststoffmatrix, Konsolidierung und/oder Aushärten derselben zum faserverstärkten Kunststoffbauteil weiterverarbeitet.Fiber-reinforced plastic hollow profiles are known and are used, for example, as body parts. To produce the plastic hollow profiles, tubular semi-finished fiber products are used in which one or more layers of reinforcing fibers are arranged to form a preform that is similar to the later profile shape. The semifinished fiber product is then processed further to form a fiber-reinforced plastic component by infiltration with a plastic matrix, consolidation and / or curing thereof.
Bei Hohlprofilen ergibt sich aufgrund des Querschnitts, der Wandstärke und des Materials des Hohlprofils ein spezifisches Biegewiderstandsmoment.In the case of hollow profiles, the cross section, the wall thickness and the material of the hollow profile result in a specific moment of bending resistance.
Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Möglichkeit anzugeben, wie ein Faserhalbzeug und ein faserverstärktes Kunststoffhohlprofil mit verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften bei effizientem Materialeinsatz hergestellt werden kann.Against this background, it is the object of the present invention to provide a possibility of how a fiber semifinished product and a fiber-reinforced plastic hollow profile with improved mechanical properties can be produced with efficient use of material.
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch ein Faserhalbzeug nach Patentanspruch 1, ein faserverstärktes Kunststoffhohlprofil nach Patentanspruch 8, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faserhalbzeugs nach Patentanspruch 10 und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Kunststoffhohlprofils nach Patentanspruch 12. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung.The object is achieved by a fiber semi-finished product according to
Es wird ein rohrförmiges Faserhalbzeug angegeben mit mindestens einer Lage von Verstärkungsfasern, die als triaxiales Geflecht ausgebildet ist. Erfindungsgemäß ist in wenigstens einem umfangsseitigen Teilbereich des Faserhalbzeugs eine zusätzliche, lokal begrenzte Faserschicht angeordnet.A tubular semi-finished fiber product is specified with at least one layer of reinforcing fibers, which is designed as a triaxial braid. According to the invention, an additional, locally delimited fiber layer is arranged in at least one peripheral partial area of the semifinished fiber product.
Mit anderen Worten gesagt weist das Faserhalbzeug - entlang seines Umfangs betrachtet - mindestens einen Teilbereich auf, der durch eine zusätzliche Faserschicht lokal verstärkt ist. Die zusätzliche Faserschicht erstreckt sich in Umfangsrichtung vorzugsweise so weit, wie der erste Teilbereich reicht und über die gesamte Länge des Faserhalbzeugs. Das Faserhalbzeug weist also eine streifenförmige lokale Verstärkung auf. Wird das Faserhalbzeug durch Infiltration, Konsolidierung und/oder Aushärten eines Matrixmaterials zu einem faserverstärkten Kunststoffhohlprofil weiterverarbeitet, so weist dieses Bauteil in dem Teilbereich einen gegenüber dem restlichen Bauteil dickeren Wandabschnitt eine erhöhte Steifigkeit und Festigkeit auf. Derart lässt sich auf besonders einfache Art und Weise ein Bauteil schaffen, das in unterschiedlichen Belastungsrichtungen unterschiedliche Verhalten zeigt. Das vorgeschlagene Faserhalbzeug ermöglicht eine belastungsgerechte Konstruktion des Bauteils und den gezielten bedarfsgerechten Einsatz von Material.In other words, the semifinished fiber product - viewed along its circumference - has at least one partial area which is locally reinforced by an additional fiber layer. The additional fiber layer extends in the circumferential direction preferably as far as the first partial area extends and over the entire length of the semifinished fiber product. The semifinished fiber product thus has a strip-shaped local reinforcement. If the semifinished fiber product is further processed into a fiber-reinforced plastic hollow profile by infiltration, consolidation and / or hardening of a matrix material, this component has in the partial area a wall section that is thicker than the rest of the component and has increased rigidity and strength. In this way, a component can be created in a particularly simple manner that shows different behavior in different loading directions. The proposed semi-finished fiber enables a load-appropriate construction of the component and the targeted use of material as required.
Das Faserhalbzeug ist rohrförmig ausgebildet. Der Begriff „rohrförmig“ soll dabei einen langgestreckten Hohlkörper beschreiben, dessen Länge um ein Vielfaches größer ist als seine Höhe oder Breite. Die Querschnittsform des rohrförmigen Faserhalbzeugs ist nicht auf eine ringförmige Form beschränkt. Neben runden Querschnitten sind z.B. auch ovale oder eckige, z.B. viereckige oder mehreckige Querschnitte möglich.The semi-finished fiber product is tubular. The term "tubular" is intended to describe an elongated hollow body, the length of which is many times greater than its height or width. The cross-sectional shape of the tubular semi-finished fiber product is not limited to an annular shape. In addition to round cross-sections, e.g. also oval or square, e.g. square or polygonal cross-sections possible.
Das Faserhalbzeug weist mindestens eine Lage eines triaxialen Geflechts auf. Die Stehfäden des Geflechts sind vorzugsweise entlang der Längsachse des Faserhalbzeugs ausgerichtet, sie verlaufen vorzugsweise in einem Winkelbereich von +/-5 Grad zur Längsachse des Faserhalbzeugs.The semifinished fiber product has at least one layer of a triaxial braid. The warp threads of the braid are preferably aligned along the longitudinal axis of the semifinished fiber product; they preferably run in an angular range of +/- 5 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the semifinished fiber product.
Bei den Stehfäden kann es sich um Einzelfilamente handeln. Zur Erreichung der im Automobilbau erforderlichen mechanischen Anforderungen handelt es sich in einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung bei den Stehfäden um Faserbündel (Rovings), in denen mehrere oder eine Vielzahl von Einzelfilamenten gebündelt sind. Vorzugsweise werden im gesamten Geflecht Stehfäden aus dem gleichen Material und mit der gleichen Feinheit verwendet.The standing threads can be single filaments. To achieve the mechanical requirements required in automobile construction, in a preferred embodiment the standing threads are fiber bundles (rovings) in which several or a large number of individual filaments are bundled. Preferably, standing threads made of the same material and of the same fineness are used throughout the braid.
Als Stehfäden und als Verstärkungsfasern können gängige Verstärkungsfasern, wie z.B. Glasfasern, Kohlenstofffasern oder Aramidfasern verwendet werden. Vorzugsweise sind die Stehfäden jedoch Kohlenstofffasern, wodurch sich eine hohe Steifigkeit und Festigkeit des Faserhalbzeugs bzw. des resultierenden faserverstärkten Bauteils erzielen lässt.Common reinforcing fibers, such as e.g. Glass fibers, carbon fibers or aramid fibers can be used. However, the standing threads are preferably carbon fibers, as a result of which a high level of rigidity and strength of the semi-finished fiber product or of the resulting fiber-reinforced component can be achieved.
Bei der zusätzlichen Faserschicht kann es sich um mindestens einen Roving in Längsrichtung des Faserhalbzeugs handeln. Die zusätzliche Faserschicht kann z.B. als Gewebe, Geflecht oder Gestrick ausgebildet sein. Eine gute Verstärkungswirkung bei besonders effizientem Materialeinsatz kann in einer Ausgestaltung dadurch erreicht werden, dass es sich bei der zusätzlichen Faserschicht um ein unidirektionales Gelege in Längsrichtung des Faserhalbzeugs handelt.The additional fiber layer can be at least one roving in the longitudinal direction of the semifinished fiber product. The additional fiber layer can e.g. be designed as a fabric, braid or knitted fabric. A good reinforcement effect with particularly efficient use of material can be achieved in one embodiment in that the additional fiber layer is a unidirectional scrim in the longitudinal direction of the semi-finished fiber product.
Zur Erzielung einer hohen mechanischen Verstärkungswirkung ist die zusätzliche Faserschicht vorzugsweise aus Kohlenstofffasern aufgebaut, wobei grundsätzlich auch der Einsatz anderer Verstärkungsfasern denkbar ist.The additional fiber layer is used to achieve a high mechanical reinforcement effect preferably constructed from carbon fibers, the use of other reinforcing fibers also being conceivable in principle.
Zur Erzielung höherer Wandstärken, höheren Steifigkeiten und höheren Bauteilfestigkeiten kann das Faserhalbzeug zwei oder mehr Schichten von Verstärkungsfasern, vorzugsweise jeweils als triaxiales Geflecht, und zwei oder mehr zusätzliche Faserschichten aufweisen, die jeweils abwechselnd übereinander geschichtet sind. Werden mehrere zusätzliche Faserschichten vorgesehen, so werden diese vorzugsweise in demselben Teilbereich ausgebildet, so dass sie umfangsseitig fluchtend übereinander liegen.To achieve higher wall thicknesses, higher stiffnesses and higher component strengths, the semifinished fiber product can have two or more layers of reinforcing fibers, preferably each as a triaxial braid, and two or more additional fiber layers, each of which is alternately layered on top of one another. If several additional fiber layers are provided, then these are preferably formed in the same partial area so that they are aligned one above the other on the circumferential side.
Das Faserhalbzeug kann umfangsseitig genau einen ersten Teilbereich und einen weiteren, zweiten Teilbereich aufweisen, so dass der Querschnitt zweigeteilt ist. Im ersten Teilbereich ist die zusätzliche Faserschicht ausgebildet, der zweite Teilbereich ist frei von der zusätzlichen Faserschicht. Es ist jedoch in einer Ausgestaltung auch möglich, dass das Faserhalbzeug umfangsseitig mehr als einen ersten Teilbereich und mehr als einen zweiten Teilbereich aufweist. Beispielsweise können zwei erste und zwei zweite Teilbereiche vorgesehen sein. Am Beispiel eines Hohlprofils in einem Dachrahmen kann z.B. eine gezielte Verstärkung von Druck- und Zuggurt erfolgen. Auch das Vorsehen von drei oder mehr ersten bzw. zweiten Teilbereichen ist denkbar. Die Teilbereiche können die gleiche Größe haben und z.B. die gleiche Anzahl von Rovings aufweisen oder unterschiedlich groß ausgebildet sein, so dass z.B. ein Teilbereich mehr Rovings aufweist als ein anderer Teilbereich.The semifinished fiber product can have precisely one first sub-area and a further, second sub-area on the circumference, so that the cross section is divided into two. The additional fiber layer is formed in the first partial area, the second partial area is free of the additional fiber layer. In one embodiment, however, it is also possible for the semifinished fiber product to have more than a first partial area and more than a second partial area on the circumference. For example, two first and two second partial areas can be provided. Using the example of a hollow profile in a roof frame, e.g. a targeted reinforcement of the compression and tension belt. The provision of three or more first or second partial areas is also conceivable. The partial areas can have the same size and e.g. have the same number of rovings or be of different sizes, so that e.g. one sub-area has more rovings than another sub-area.
Weiterhin wird ein faserverstärktes Kunststoffhohlprofil angegeben, das ein erfindungsgemäßes Faserhalbzeug beinhaltet. Das Faserhalbzeug ist dann in eine Kunststoffmatrix eingebunden. Die Kunststoffmatrix kann ein thermoplastisches Kunststoffmaterial oder ein duroplastisches Kunststoffmaterial sein. Bei dem faserverstärkten Kunststoffhohlprofil handelt es sich vorzugsweise um ein Fahrzeugbauteil, wie z.B. ein Karosseriebauteil.Furthermore, a fiber-reinforced plastic hollow profile is specified which contains a fiber semifinished product according to the invention. The semi-finished fiber product is then integrated into a plastic matrix. The plastic matrix can be a thermoplastic plastic material or a thermosetting plastic material. The fiber-reinforced plastic hollow profile is preferably a vehicle component, e.g. a body part.
Weiterhin wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines wie voranstehend beschriebenen Faserhalbzeugs angegeben. Das Verfahren beinhaltet die Schritte:
- Bereitstellen eines Flechtkerns,
- Anordnen einer umfangsseitig lokal begrenzten Faserschicht auf dem Flechtkern in wenigstens einem ersten umfangsseitigen Teilbereich und Aufflechten eines triaxialen Geflechts auf den Flechtkern.
- Providing a braided core,
- Arranging a circumferentially locally delimited fiber layer on the braided core in at least a first circumferential partial area and braiding a triaxial braid onto the braided core.
Ein besonders effizientes Verfahren ist gegeben, wenn zur Erzeugung der lokal begrenzten Faserschicht Verstärkungsfasern im Flechtprozess derart mitgeführt werden, dass sie durch das Geflecht auf dem Flechtkern fixiert werden. So lässt sich die zusätzliche Faserschicht einfach und ohne zusätzlichen Verfahrensschritt ausbilden.A particularly efficient method is given when reinforcing fibers are carried along in the braiding process in order to produce the locally delimited fiber layer in such a way that they are fixed on the braided core by the braid. The additional fiber layer can thus be formed simply and without an additional process step.
Auf den Flechtkern kann mehr als eine Geflechtlage aufgebracht werden, beispielsweise kann der Formkern mehrmals durch eine Flechtanlage geführt werden, so dass ein mehrlagiges Geflecht ausgebildet wird. Wird dabei, wie voranstehend beschrieben, auch eine zusätzliche Faserschicht ausgebildet, so ergibt sich ein mehrlagiger Aufbau, in dem jede Geflechtlage im ersten Teilbereich von einer zusätzlichen Faserschicht unterlegt ist.More than one braid layer can be applied to the braided core, for example the mandrel can be passed several times through a braiding system so that a multi-layer braid is formed. If, as described above, an additional fiber layer is also formed, the result is a multi-layer structure in which each braid layer is underlaid by an additional fiber layer in the first partial area.
Weiterhin wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Kunststoffhohlprofils angegeben. Das Verfahren beinhaltet die Schritte:
- Erzeugen eines Faserhalbzeugs mit dem voranstehend beschriebenen Verfahren, Imprägnieren des Faserhalbzeugs mit einem thermoplastischen oder duroplastischen Kunststoffmaterial, Konsolidierung und/oder Aushärten des Kunststoffmaterials. Besonders bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem Verfahren um einen RTM-Prozess (Resin Transfer Moulding).
- Production of a semi-finished fiber product with the method described above, impregnation of the semi-finished fiber product with a thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic material, consolidation and / or curing of the plastic material. The method is particularly preferably an RTM process (Resin Transfer Molding).
Die Verfahren können zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Faserhalbzeugs und faserverstärkten Kunststoffhohlprofils verwendet werden und erzielen als solche die hierzu beschriebenen technischen Wirkungen und Vorteile.The methods can be used to produce the semi-finished fiber product and fiber-reinforced plastic hollow profile according to the invention and as such achieve the technical effects and advantages described for this purpose.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung im Einzelnen beschrieben sind. Dabei können die in den Ansprüchen und in der Beschreibung erwähnten Merkmale jeweils einzeln für sich oder in beliebiger Kombination erfindungswesentlich sein. Sofern in dieser Anmeldung der Begriff „kann“ verwendet wird, handelt es sich sowohl um die technische Möglichkeit als auch um die tatsächliche technische Umsetzung.Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the following description, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description can each be essential to the invention individually or in any combination. If the term “can” is used in this application, it concerns both the technical possibility and the actual technical implementation.
Im Folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele an Hand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen erläutert. Darin zeigen in schematischer Ansicht:
-
1 eine Seitenansicht eines beispielhaften Faserhalbzeugs, -
2 eine Schnittansicht desFaserhalbzeugs aus 1 , -
3 eine Schnittansicht eines beispielhaften faserverstärkter Kunststoffbauteils und -
4 ein beispielhafter Verfahrensablauf.
-
1 a side view of an exemplary semi-finished fiber product, -
2 a sectional view of the semifinished fiber product from1 , -
3 a sectional view of an exemplary fiber-reinforced plastic component and -
4th an exemplary procedure.
Das Faserhalbzeug
In dem Beispiel aus
In den Figuren ist das Faserhalbzeug
Zusätzlich kann das Faserhalbzeug
Das so entstandene Faserhalbzeug kann in Schritt
BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols
- 11
- faserverstärktes Kunststoffhohlprofilfiber-reinforced plastic hollow profile
- 22
- FlechtkernBraided core
- 1010
- FaserhalbzeugSemi-finished fiber products
- 1212
- triaxiales Geflechttriaxial braid
- 1414th
- StehfädenStanding threads
- 1616
- FlechtfädenBraiding threads
- 1818th
- zusätzliche Faserschichtadditional fiber layer
- 2020th
- KunststoffmatrixPlastic matrix
- I, III, II
- TeilbereicheSub-areas
Claims (12)
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PCT/EP2020/050641 WO2020169266A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 | 2020-01-13 | Tubular, triaxially braided fiber preform having additional, locally limited fiber layers |
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DE29710563U1 (en) * | 1997-06-11 | 1997-08-14 | You Chin San | Fiber-reinforced rod-shaped object |
DE102006004885A1 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-30 | Kümpers GmbH & Co. KG | Energy-absorbing textile structure, in particular for use in vehicle construction and method for its production |
DE102009052263A1 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-19 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Fiber composite material for component, particularly for use as interior panel of vehicle, particularly aircraft, has matrix and fibers which are embedded in matrix in form of textile fabric formed from textile line structures |
DE102010010513A1 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-08 | Leichtbau-Zentrum Sachsen Gmbh | Process for the production of hollow profile-like components from fiber composite materials |
WO2012098122A1 (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2012-07-26 | Sgl Carbon Se | Method for producing a tubular fiber arrangement of a fiber-reinforced composite part and tubular fiber arrangement |
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US4719837A (en) * | 1986-04-17 | 1988-01-19 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Complex shaped braided structures |
US5619903A (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1997-04-15 | Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. | Braided preform for composite bodies |
US6250193B1 (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 2001-06-26 | A & P Technology, Inc. | Braided structure with elastic bias strands |
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2019
- 2019-02-21 DE DE102019104427.8A patent/DE102019104427A1/en active Pending
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2020
- 2020-01-13 WO PCT/EP2020/050641 patent/WO2020169266A1/en active Application Filing
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DE29710563U1 (en) * | 1997-06-11 | 1997-08-14 | You Chin San | Fiber-reinforced rod-shaped object |
DE102006004885A1 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-30 | Kümpers GmbH & Co. KG | Energy-absorbing textile structure, in particular for use in vehicle construction and method for its production |
DE102009052263A1 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-19 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Fiber composite material for component, particularly for use as interior panel of vehicle, particularly aircraft, has matrix and fibers which are embedded in matrix in form of textile fabric formed from textile line structures |
DE102010010513A1 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-08 | Leichtbau-Zentrum Sachsen Gmbh | Process for the production of hollow profile-like components from fiber composite materials |
WO2012098122A1 (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2012-07-26 | Sgl Carbon Se | Method for producing a tubular fiber arrangement of a fiber-reinforced composite part and tubular fiber arrangement |
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