EP1737989B1 - Verfahren zum abschrecken mittels gas - Google Patents

Verfahren zum abschrecken mittels gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1737989B1
EP1737989B1 EP05757129.1A EP05757129A EP1737989B1 EP 1737989 B1 EP1737989 B1 EP 1737989B1 EP 05757129 A EP05757129 A EP 05757129A EP 1737989 B1 EP1737989 B1 EP 1737989B1
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Prior art keywords
gas
quenching
enclosure
pressure
water
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EP05757129.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1737989A1 (de
Inventor
Francis Pelissier
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/60—Aqueous agents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of gas quenching of thermochemically treated steel parts by means of a flow of cooling gas obtained by introducing its liquid phase into a quench enclosure under gas.
  • Tempering treatment has been used for many years to process alloy steel or high carbon steel parts. Such treatment usually follows a thermochemical treatment of enriching the surface of the low alloy steel parts.
  • the thermochemical treatment for example a carburization or carbonitriding treatment, can be done at low pressure, of the order of a few millibars, or at atmospheric pressure.
  • the quenching operation is generally carried out directly after the thermochemical treatment in a suitable quenching cell. There are different types of quenching, the most well known being gas quenching, oil quenching or salt bath quenching.
  • a main purpose of quenching is to obtain rapid cooling of previously heated and treated parts, without altering their surface. Quenching under gas, especially under neutral gas, is often preferred over other types of quenching, because it allows to obtain an excellent surface quality of the parts. In addition, in the case of a low pressure carburization treatment preceding the quenching treatment, an absence of oxidation and intercrystalline corrosion is observed.
  • the gas quenching treatment is carried out in a quenching cell 1 conventionally comprising an enclosure 2 capable of withstanding a vacuum and a pressurization of up to 50 bar, supported by a frame 3, a treatment chamber 4, into which the charge to be treated (at a temperature of about 820 ° C. to 1000 ° C.) is introduced, a stirring element 6 of the quenching gas at inside the enclosure 2 and a heat exchanger 7.
  • the load 5 may consist of a tool comprising one or more cemented parts.
  • the stirring element 6 may consist of, for example, a propeller or a centrifugal turbine driven in rotation by an electric motor.
  • the gas circulates in a closed loop 8, that is to say that it starts its path in the upper part of the chamber 2, passes on the load 5 to be treated, is heated to contact charge 5, then loses its calories through the heat exchanger 7, when it goes up in the upper part of the enclosure 2.
  • the gas flows along this loop 8 throughout the duration of quenching treatment.
  • Such cells 1 are generally used when the quenching gas is not air but nitrogen, or a neutral gas, it is desirable to save the quantities used.
  • Some cells may also include an additional exchanger located outside the chamber 2, which operates according to the same principle as before.
  • a first solution consists in increasing the mass flow rate of the gas of tempering.
  • two solutions are used, namely the increase in the quenching gas flow rate and the increase in the quenching gas pressure.
  • quenching processes with a nitrogen pressure of the order of 20 bars and quenching processes with a helium or hydrogen pressure of the order of 50 to 60 bars have been proposed.
  • quenching in the heart of the cemented parts proves to be insufficient with conventional carburizing steels.
  • the document EP-A-1101826 discloses a gas quenching process, after low-pressure cementation, using air injected at a high pressure.
  • air is a free gas source, available everywhere without any particular and inexhaustible packaging.
  • the air used is generally depleted of oxygen to reduce the oxidation of the parts and the pressures used are of the same order as for pure nitrogen.
  • the cost of quenching steps is greatly reduced compared to conventional methods.
  • the quenching efficiency is poor and oxidation of the parts is still observed.
  • Nitrogen is an acceptable compromise in terms of cost and efficiency. Nitrogen is indeed often preferred to hydrogen or neutral gases such as helium which, although lighter, therefore easier to transport under relatively high pressure, are very expensive (helium), or too dangerous (hydrogen). As for example, hydrogen is considered the best cooling gas known to date, but it remains difficult to implement industrially (cost, storage, dangerousness).
  • EP-A-1367139 proposes the use of nitrogen or neutral gas in liquid form to improve the efficiency of the quenching process.
  • This document describes a heat treatment device comprising a useful chamber inside which a liquefied gas is introduced. The liquefied gas arrives in liquid form and is converted into vapors inside the useful chamber.
  • the document DE19743575 describes the use of a shower of fine drops of water to drown underwater the items to be cooled.
  • the invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and is intended to achieve a gas quenching effective and low cost, with simple equipment, lightweight and safe.
  • cooling gas is water vapor, obtained by evaporation of water introduced into the chamber in liquid form.
  • the gas quenching cell 1 used for the quenching treatment according to the invention differs from the cells of the prior art by additional means associated with the implementation of quenching treatment.
  • a reservoir 9 of a first gas for example nitrogen, is connected to the chamber 2 via at least one duct 10, which introduces and projects nitrogen inside the chamber. enclosure 2 at a predetermined pressure, of the order of 2 bars.
  • a reservoir 11 of water is also connected to the enclosure 2 via at least one conduit 12, which introduces and projects the water in liquid form inside the enclosure 2 at a predetermined pressure. Water vaporizes in the enclosure 2 and the water vapor then constitutes the cooling gas.
  • the cell 1 also comprises a discharge conduit 13 located in the lower part of the chamber 2 and intended, for example by means of a valve (not shown), to remove the remaining condensates at the bottom of the enclosure 2, after the end of the quenching treatment and the cooling of the cell 1.
  • the main advantage of such a quenching cell 1 lies in its ability to adapt to all existing installations, because the means necessary for the implementation of quenching treatment, namely the reservoir 9 of the first gas, the water tank 11 and the introduction pipes 10, 12 and discharge 13 are simple, inexpensive and easy to install.
  • the gas quenching treatment according to the invention consists in introducing, via the pipe 12, the water in the liquid phase, after having installed the charge 5 in the treatment chamber 4 of the cell 1.
  • the water is introduced in liquid phase until reaching the required quenching pressure, of the order of 20 to 30 bars.
  • the water is introduced in the liquid phase, to take advantage of both its cooling capacity once evaporated and the specific heat of evaporation of the liquid at the time of contact with the hot parts.
  • a first gas inside the chamber 2 preferably nitrogen. Nitrogen gas is then introduced, simultaneously with the start of the stirring element 6, at a pressure of the order of 2 bars for a duration of the order of a few seconds.
  • the quenching treatment comprises the introduction of nitrogen gas for a few seconds in the chamber 2, followed by the introduction of water in the liquid phase.
  • the gases circulate in the chamber 2 according to the loop 8, which allows to use only the amount of nitrogen and water previously introduced during a quenching cycle and to avoid excessive consumption and too expensive.
  • the water thus turns into water vapor when it is introduced into the enclosure 2 and the pressure increases as more water is introduced.
  • the pressure drops until the complete condensation of the water vapor. Below 100 ° C., the chamber 2 then returns to its initial pressure, namely that of the nitrogen gas introduced beforehand.
  • the condensates are discharged through the conduit 13 located in the lower part of the cell 1, pushed by the residual pressure of the nitrogen introduced beforehand.
  • the quenching cycle described above thus preferably has a duration of the order of 15 to 20 minutes.
  • the nitrogen consumption is thus reduced, of the order of 70% to 80%, which results in a significant reduction in the cost of treatment.
  • the quenching process according to the invention notably provides the following advantages.
  • the parts are subjected to efficient cooling due to the specific heat of evaporation of the water.
  • the effectiveness of the quenching is optimal since it makes it possible to treat the heart of the pieces. Quenching does not cause corrosion and does not cause cracks in the grain boundary. No correction of the surface condition of the parts is necessary. Significant gains in terms of cost and simplicity are therefore observed.
  • the first gas of the reservoir 9 may be nitrogen or a neutral gas.
  • the thermochemical treatment preceding the quenching treatment under gas may be a low pressure carburizing treatment or a carburizing or carbonitriding treatment at atmospheric pressure.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Verfahren zum Abschrecken mittels Gas von vorab erhitzten oder behandelten Stahlteilen mittels eines Kühlgasstroms, der in geschlossener Schleife in einer Kammer (2) zum Abscrecken mittels Gas und unter Druck zirkuliert, Verfahren, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der Kühlgasdruck durch Verdampfung von flüssig in die Kammer (2) geleitetem Wasser erhalten wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wasser in die Kammer (2) mit einem Druck eingespritzt wird, der der Kammer (2) das Erreichen eines Drucks von etwa 20 bar ermöglicht.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es vor dem Einleiten des Wassers die Einleitung eines ersten Gases in die Kammer (2) umfasst.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Gas einige Sekunden lang mit einem Druck von etwa 2 bar eingeblasen wird.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Gas Stickstoff ist.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Gas ein Schutzgas ist.
EP05757129.1A 2004-04-19 2005-04-15 Verfahren zum abschrecken mittels gas Active EP1737989B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0404113A FR2869046B1 (fr) 2004-04-19 2004-04-19 Procede de trempe sous gaz
PCT/FR2005/000914 WO2005108629A1 (fr) 2004-04-19 2005-04-15 Procede de trempe sous gaz

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1737989A1 EP1737989A1 (de) 2007-01-03
EP1737989B1 true EP1737989B1 (de) 2014-11-05

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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EP05757129.1A Active EP1737989B1 (de) 2004-04-19 2005-04-15 Verfahren zum abschrecken mittels gas

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP1737989B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2869046B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2005108629A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2505676B1 (de) 2011-03-28 2017-03-01 Ipsen International GmbH Abschreckungsverfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005015450B3 (de) * 2005-04-04 2006-08-17 Ipsen International Gmbh Verfahren sowie Vorrichtung zur Gasabschreckung
DE102007029038A1 (de) * 2007-06-21 2009-01-02 Eliog-Kelvitherm Industrieofenbau Gmbh Vakuumofen zur Wärmebehandlung von metallischen Werkstücken und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb
US8820098B2 (en) * 2011-05-17 2014-09-02 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method and apparatus for quenching of materials in vacuum furnace
CN103627854B (zh) * 2013-12-12 2015-10-14 无锡透平叶片有限公司 用于汽轮机叶片热处理的风冷系统

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7514387A (nl) * 1974-12-30 1976-07-02 Krupp Ag Huettenwerke Werkwijze voor het versneld koelen van gloeigoed na het gloeien in een gloeioven.
DE19500019A1 (de) * 1995-01-03 1996-07-04 Hans Ruediger Dr Ing Hoffmann Evakuierbare und mit Sprühwasserduschen versehene Kühlkammer zum Abkühlen von metallischem Wärmebehandlungsgut
DE19743575A1 (de) 1997-10-02 1999-04-08 Ingbuero Dr Ing R Hoffmann Einrichtung zum Abkühlen in einem Zweiphasengemisch
DE19920297A1 (de) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-09 Linde Tech Gase Gmbh Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke
FR2810340B1 (fr) * 2000-06-20 2003-03-14 Etudes Const Mecaniques Cellule de trempe au gaz
DE10224129B8 (de) * 2002-05-29 2007-02-15 Schmetz Gmbh Wärmebehandlungsanlage

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2505676B1 (de) 2011-03-28 2017-03-01 Ipsen International GmbH Abschreckungsverfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2869046A1 (fr) 2005-10-21
WO2005108629A1 (fr) 2005-11-17
FR2869046B1 (fr) 2007-08-31
EP1737989A1 (de) 2007-01-03

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