EP1735580A1 - Cartridged blank ammunition - Google Patents

Cartridged blank ammunition

Info

Publication number
EP1735580A1
EP1735580A1 EP05736319A EP05736319A EP1735580A1 EP 1735580 A1 EP1735580 A1 EP 1735580A1 EP 05736319 A EP05736319 A EP 05736319A EP 05736319 A EP05736319 A EP 05736319A EP 1735580 A1 EP1735580 A1 EP 1735580A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
central block
cartridge
cartridge case
locking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05736319A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1735580B1 (en
Inventor
Detlef Haeselich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Original Assignee
Nico Pyrotechnik Hanns Juergen Diederichs GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nico Pyrotechnik Hanns Juergen Diederichs GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Nico Pyrotechnik Hanns Juergen Diederichs GmbH and Co KG
Priority to SI200531882T priority Critical patent/SI1735580T1/en
Publication of EP1735580A1 publication Critical patent/EP1735580A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1735580B1 publication Critical patent/EP1735580B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
    • F42B8/02—Cartridges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/40—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of target-marking, i.e. impact-indicating type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
    • F42B5/30—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
    • F42B8/12—Projectiles or missiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
    • F42B8/12—Projectiles or missiles
    • F42B8/14—Projectiles or missiles disintegrating in flight or upon impact
    • F42B8/16—Projectiles or missiles disintegrating in flight or upon impact containing an inert filler in powder or granular form

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cartridge ammunition from a projectile and a cartridge case receiving this projectile, the cartridge from the projectile and cartridge case into a barrel, in particular with a medium caliber such. B. 40 mm can be used.
  • the projectile has a projectile body with a projectile tip and a projectile floor;
  • a propellant chamber with a pyrotechnic propellant charge is provided in the cartridge case and can be ignited via a pyrotechnic ignition device.
  • the projectile and the cartridge case are mechanically connected to each other, e.g. B. screwed, squeezed etc., this connection can also be designed as a predetermined breaking point.
  • the propellant charge After the propellant charge has been ignited, it burns off quickly, the propellant gases developed in this way generating a high pressure in the pressure chamber, which acts on the floor of the projectile; at a certain pressure, the mechanical connection between the cartridge case and the projectile breaks, so that the projectile is expelled from the cartridge case.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a design for a cartridge practice ammunition of the type in question, with which the manufacture of the ammunition is significantly simplified.
  • Another object is to design the cartridge for the ammunition in such a way that the properties of the ammunition during firing and also the flight characteristics of the projectile during the flight are not impaired compared to more expensive variants of cartridge ammunition according to the prior art.
  • the projectile for cartridge ammunition has a cylindrical central block with two end faces, one lower end forming the floor of the projectile. Furthermore, a one-piece projectile tip z. B. provided in the form of a hood, which at its lower end facing the central block merges into a spring-elastic collar which is provided at the lower open end with an inwardly facing circumferential first locking element.
  • the projectile tip is pushed onto the circumference of the central block with the collar on the side opposite the storey floor, the first latching element of the collar of the projectile tip engaging in a corresponding second latching element of the central block and locking the central block with the projectile tip.
  • the cartridge case is in one piece and designed as an approximately cylindrical cup, the upwardly open side wall pointing towards the central block merges into a spring-elastic collar in the upper region, which is provided on the upper edge with an inwardly facing first locking element.
  • the cartridge case is pushed onto the central block, the locking element of the cartridge case engaging in a corresponding second locking element of the central block, so that the central block and the cartridge case are locked together.
  • This lock forms the mechanical connection between the projectile and the cartridge case.
  • the first locking elements mentioned on the collars are preferably edge beads, the second locking elements in the central block are preferably corresponding locking grooves,
  • the cartridge case has a central, approximately cylindrical projection with a central opening, into which a housing can be inserted, in which the propellant charge and the pyrotechnic ignition device for the propellant charge are received.
  • the propelling chamber for driving out the projectile is the space between the bottom of the central block and the space between the side wall of the cartridge case and the walls of the central projection.
  • the main body of the ammunition is made up of only three parts, namely the central block, the one-piece ' bullet tip and the one-piece cartridge case.
  • the cartridge case and the bullet tip are preferably plastic parts and are either deep-drawn or designed as plastic die-cast parts, so they are simple and cheap to produce.
  • the central block can be made of a plastic material, this plastic material should have a high specific weight in order to maintain a position of the center of gravity and the aerodynamic pressure point similar to a sharp projectile and to give the training projectile good flight characteristics similar to a sharp projectile.
  • the central block can be a solid or a hollow cylinder. In the top of the projectile z. B. still contain a color powder, which is released when the projectile hits a target when the tip of the projectile bursts and indicates the point of impact.
  • a container bursting when it hits the target can be arranged, which contains chemical substances in two compartments, which are mixed together when the container bursts and which generate light through chemiluminescence, so that the point of impact of the projectile on a target is made visible even at night.
  • the central block can also have a circumferential projection in the circumferential direction, which is located between the circumferential grooves, in which the locking beads of the hood and cartridge case engage; this projection serves as a guide or twist band when the practice bullet is fired from a weapon with a drawn barrel.
  • the resilient collar of the cartridge case is preferably designed such that it does not lie directly against the barrel of the weapon, at least in its upper region, but is at a short distance from it. If the propellant gases of the propellant charge act on the floor of the projectile, the collar is pressed outwards against the barrel at a certain pressure without the projectile being released. This has the advantage that when the propellant gases burn, they cannot escape to the rear between the collar of the cartridge case and the launch tube, so that there is no gas loss in this direction.
  • the locking bead of the cartridge case is sheared off at the locking groove of the projectile at a certain pressure, as a result of which the connection between the locking bead and peripheral groove is broken and the projectile is released and expelled from the cartridge case.
  • the projectile is released at well reproducible pressures, so that the same release and flight characteristics for the projectile are always achieved with each shot.
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section through a cartridge practice ammunition from a projectile and a cartridge case
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a detail in the area of the connection between the cartridge case and the projectile.
  • a cartridge ammunition 1 has a central block 2, which is designed as a solid cylinder and consists of a heavy plastic, in particular a bronze reinforced plastic with a high specific weight.
  • the central block is designed as a solid cylinder and has two end faces, the lower end face in the figure being equipped with a central, relatively wide cylindrical recess 3, whereas the upper end face is flat.
  • a circumferential projection 4 is provided, which has the function of a guide or twist band.
  • a projectile tip 5 is pushed onto the central block 2, which preferably is a one-piece deep-drawn part is plastic and has the shape of an initially thin-walled hollow cylinder which merges into a spherical cap with an almost hemispherical shape in the area of the tip.
  • the projectile tip 5 merges at its lower end facing the central block 2 into a resilient collar 6 which has a circumferential locking bead 7 at its lower end, which, when the projectile tip 5 is pushed onto the circumference in the upper part of the central block, in a circumferential locking groove 8 of the central block 2 engages, this locking groove z.
  • B. is provided directly at the upper edge of the guide belt 4.
  • the space between the upper end face of the central block and the hood is filled with a support plate 9 resting on the upper end face, which has a central container 10 in which an inner container 11 is provided.
  • a material 12 or 13 is received in the inner container 11 and in the space between the inner container 11 and the outer container 10, the two materials, when they mix with one another after the containers have been broken open, react chemiluminescent, so that light is generated.
  • a marking substance 14, e.g. B. filled in a red color powder is covered with a marking substance 14, e.g. B. filled in a red color powder.
  • the carrier plate 9 and the containers 10 and 11 can also be made of plastic.
  • the projectile described is inserted into a cartridge case 20, which is preferably also made of plastic and z. B. is an injection molded part.
  • the cartridge case 20 has the shape of a cup, with the wall in at the open end of the cup Its thickness is reduced to such an extent that a spring-elastic collar 21 is formed.
  • the spring-elastic collar 21 has at its upper end like the projectile tip 5 a circumferential locking bead 22 which, when the cartridge sleeve with the collar 21 is pushed over the lower end of the central block 2, snaps into a circumferential locking groove 23 of the central block 2.
  • the locking groove 23 is arranged directly below the guide belt 4.
  • the cartridge case 20 has an approximately cylindrical central protrusion 24 extending from its base, which has a central and essentially cylindrical receiving space 25 extending from the base, against which an outflow opening 26 penetrating the upper wall of the protrusion 24 and somewhat narrowed relative to the receiving space 25 connects, which ends just below the recess 3 at the bottom of the central block 2.
  • a housing 27 can be suitably inserted and fastened into the receiving space 25, in which a pyrotechnic propellant charge 28 and a pyrotechnic primer cap 29 are received.
  • the housing 27 has, at its end facing the outflow opening 26, openings 30 which communicate directly with the outflow opening 26.
  • the cartridge ammunition shown is produced as follows:
  • the projectile tip 5 is supported with its curvature on a support, so that the open end with the collar 6 is upward.
  • the color powder 14 is now filled into the projectile tip and the plate 9 with the container 10 attached to it or inserted into the projectile tip and supported there on a flange. Then it becomes like this prepared bullet tip 5 is placed on the central block 2 and locked with the aid of the locking bead 7 and the locking groove 8.
  • the housing 27 with the propellant charge 28 and the primer 29 is inserted into the receiving space 25 of the cartridge case 20 and fastened accordingly, for. B. with the aid of a lock, an adhesive, etc.
  • the cartridge case 20 is pushed with its elastic collar 21 from below over the central block 2 until the locking bead 22 snaps into the locking groove 23.
  • the cartridge 1 can now be inserted into a barrel and the projectile can be shot down.
  • the state during the firing is shown in FIG. 2 for the area of the connection between the cartridge case 20 or its collar 21 and a firing tube 40 which is only indicated.
  • a small gap 41 is provided between the outer wall of the collar 21 and the inner wall of the launch tube 40, which gap widens slightly in the direction of the upper end of the collar 21.
  • propellant gases of the propellant charge 28 flow through the openings 30 and the outflow opening 26 into the propellant chamber 31 and act on the bottom of the central block 2 and the recess 3 in its lower end face. If the pressure continues to rise, propellant gases also enter the space between the central block 2 and the collar 21 and, as indicated by the small arrow P, bend the collar towards the inner wall of the launch tube 40 until the collar 21 is full this inner wall rests. If the pressure continues tends, the circumferential locking bead 22 is sheared, whereby the projectile is released and expelled from the barrel.

Abstract

Disclosed is a piece of cartridged blank ammunition comprising a projectile and a cartridge housing in which the projectile is received. Said projectile encompasses a monolithic central block (2) that is embodied as a cylinder and a monolithic cup-shaped projectile tip (5) which slides onto the central block (2) and locks into a circumferential locking groove (8) in the central block (2) by means of a circumferential locking lip (7). The cartridge shell (20) is embodied as a monolithic cup-shaped part, also slides onto the central block (2), and locks into a circumferential locking groove (23) of the central block (2) with the aid of a circumferential locking lip (22). A space (25) for receiving a propellant charge (28) and the ignition mechanism (29) thereof are provided in an approximately cylindrical protrusion (24) which extends centrally from the bottom of the cartridge shell (20) into the same. The inventive ammunition has a simple design and is inexpensive to produce as a result of the few simple parts required that can be made substantially of plastic without affecting the function thereof.

Description

PATRONIERTE ÜBUNGSMUNITION CARTRIDGE PRACTICE AMMUNITION
BEREICH DER ERFINDUNGFIELD OF THE INVENTION
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine patronierte Übungsmunition aus einem Geschoss und einer dieses Geschoss aufnehmenden Patronenhülse, wobei die Patrone aus Geschoss und Patronenhülse in eine Laufwaffe insbesondere mit mittlerem Kaliber wie z. B. 40 mm einsetzbar ist. Das Geschoss weist einen Geschosskörper mit einer Geschossspitze und einem Geschossboden auf; in der Patronenhülse ist eine Treibkammer mit einer pyrotechnischen Treibladung vorgesehen, die über eine pyrotechnische Zündeinrichtung anzündbar ist.The invention relates to a cartridge ammunition from a projectile and a cartridge case receiving this projectile, the cartridge from the projectile and cartridge case into a barrel, in particular with a medium caliber such. B. 40 mm can be used. The projectile has a projectile body with a projectile tip and a projectile floor; A propellant chamber with a pyrotechnic propellant charge is provided in the cartridge case and can be ignited via a pyrotechnic ignition device.
Das Geschoss und die Patronenhülse sind mechanisch miteinander verbunden z. B. verschraubt, verquetscht etc., wobei diese Verbindung auch als Sollbruchstelle ausgebildet sein kann.The projectile and the cartridge case are mechanically connected to each other, e.g. B. screwed, squeezed etc., this connection can also be designed as a predetermined breaking point.
Nach dem Anzünden der Treibladung brennt diese rasch ab, wobei die hierbei entwickelten Treibgase in der Druckkammer einen hohen Druck erzeugen, der auf den Boden des Geschosses wirkt; bei einem bestimmten Druck bricht die mechanische Verbindung zwischen Patronenhülse und Geschoss auf, so dass das Geschoss aus der Patronenhülse ausgetrieben wird.After the propellant charge has been ignited, it burns off quickly, the propellant gases developed in this way generating a high pressure in the pressure chamber, which acts on the floor of the projectile; at a certain pressure, the mechanical connection between the cartridge case and the projectile breaks, so that the projectile is expelled from the cartridge case.
HINTERGRUND DER ERFINDUNGBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Diese und andere bekannten Übungspatronen haben eine relativ aufwendige Konstruktion mit Drehteilen, maschinell angefertigten Bohrungen, Gewinden etc. So sind z. B. Patronenhülse und Geschosskörper über eine zentrische windehülse an der Patronenhülse und ein korrespondierendes Gewinde in dem Geschossboden miteinander verbunden, wobei diese Schraubverbindung gleichzeitig als Sollbruchstelle ausgebildet ist. Ferner ist die Treibkammer ein gedrehtes oder gegossenes Metallteil, das in den Boden der Patronenhülse eingeschraubt und durch einen weiteren Schraubeinsatz im Boden der Patronenhülse abgeschlossen wird. Die Herstellungskosten können wirtschaftlich vertreten werden, da derartige Übungspatronen in großen Stückzahlen gefertigt werden.These and other known practice cartridges have a relatively complex construction with turned parts, machine-made bores, threads, etc. B. cartridge case and projectile body via a central wind sleeve on the cartridge case and a corresponding thread in the floor connected to each other, this screw connection is simultaneously designed as a predetermined breaking point. Furthermore, the drive chamber is a turned or cast metal part which is screwed into the bottom of the cartridge case and is closed by a further screw insert in the bottom of the cartridge case. The manufacturing costs can be represented economically, since such practice cartridges are manufactured in large quantities.
AUFGABE DER ERFINDUNGOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Konstruktion für eine patronierte Übungsmunition der in Rede stehenden Art anzugeben, mit der die Herstellung der Munition deutlich vereinfacht wird.The invention has for its object to provide a design for a cartridge practice ammunition of the type in question, with which the manufacture of the ammunition is significantly simplified.
Es ist eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Konstruktion für eine patronierte Übungsmunition der in Rede stehenden Art anzugeben, mit der die Herstellungskosten für die Munition verringert werden.It is a further object of the invention to provide a design for cartridge ammunition of the type in question with which the ammunition manufacturing cost is reduced.
Eine weitere Aufgabe ist es, die Konstruktion für die patronierte Munition so zu gestalten, dass die Eigenschaften der Munition beim Abschuss und auch die Flugeigenschaften des Geschosses während des Fluges gegenüber teureren Varianten einer patronierten Munition entsprechend dem Stande der Technik nicht verschlechtert werden.Another object is to design the cartridge for the ammunition in such a way that the properties of the ammunition during firing and also the flight characteristics of the projectile during the flight are not impaired compared to more expensive variants of cartridge ammunition according to the prior art.
Schließlich ist es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Konstruktion für die patronierte Munition so zu vereinfachen, dass insgesamt weniger Teile für Geschoss und Patronenhülse verwendet werden. JSAMMENFASSUNG DER ERFINDUNGFinally, it is an object of the present invention to simplify the design for the cartridge ammunition so that fewer parts are used for the projectile and cartridge case. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Das Geschoss für die patronierte Übungsmunition gemäß der Erfindung weist einen zylindrischen zentralen Block mit zwei Stirnseiten auf, wobei die eine, untere Stirnseite den Geschossboden bildet. Ferner ist eine einteilige Geschossspitze z. B. in Form einer Haube vorgesehen, die an ihrem unteren, gegen den zentralen Block gewandten Ende in einen federelastischen Kragen übergeht, der am unteren offenen Ende mit einem nach innen weisenden umlaufenden ersten Rastelement versehen ist. Die Geschossspitze wird mit dem Kragen auf der dem Geschossboden gegenüberliegenden Seite auf den Umfang des zentralen Blockes aufgeschoben, wobei das erste Rastelement des Kragens der Geschossspitze in ein korrespondierendes zweites Rastelement des zentralen Blockes eingreift und den zentralen Block mit der Geschossspitze verriegelt .The projectile for cartridge ammunition according to the invention has a cylindrical central block with two end faces, one lower end forming the floor of the projectile. Furthermore, a one-piece projectile tip z. B. provided in the form of a hood, which at its lower end facing the central block merges into a spring-elastic collar which is provided at the lower open end with an inwardly facing circumferential first locking element. The projectile tip is pushed onto the circumference of the central block with the collar on the side opposite the storey floor, the first latching element of the collar of the projectile tip engaging in a corresponding second latching element of the central block and locking the central block with the projectile tip.
Die Patronenhülse ist einteilig und als annähernd zylindrischer Becher ausgebildet, dessen nach oben offene, gegen den zentralen Block weisende Seitenwand im oberen Bereich in einen federelastischen Kragen übergeht, der am oberen Rand mit einem nach innen weisenden ersten Rastelement versehen ist. Die Patronenhülse wird auf den zentralen Block aufgeschoben, wobei das Rastelement der Patronenhülse in ein korrespondierendes zweites Rastelement des zentralen Blockes eingreift, so dass der zentrale Block und die Patronenhülse miteinander verriegelt werden.The cartridge case is in one piece and designed as an approximately cylindrical cup, the upwardly open side wall pointing towards the central block merges into a spring-elastic collar in the upper region, which is provided on the upper edge with an inwardly facing first locking element. The cartridge case is pushed onto the central block, the locking element of the cartridge case engaging in a corresponding second locking element of the central block, so that the central block and the cartridge case are locked together.
Diese Verriegelung bildet die mechanische Verbindung zwischen Geschoss und Patronenhülse. Le erwähnten ersten Rastelemente an den Kragen sind vorzugsweise Randwülste, die zweiten Rastelemente in dem zentralen Block sind vorzugsweise korrespondierende Rastnuten,This lock forms the mechanical connection between the projectile and the cartridge case. The first locking elements mentioned on the collars are preferably edge beads, the second locking elements in the central block are preferably corresponding locking grooves,
Die Patronenhülse weist an ihrem Boden noch einen zentrischen nach innen weisenden etwa zylindrischen Vorsprung mit einer zentrischen Öffnung auf, in die ein Gehäuse einsetzbar ist, in dem der Treibsatz und die pyrotechnische Zündeinrichtung für den Treibsatz aufgenommen sind.At its bottom, the cartridge case has a central, approximately cylindrical projection with a central opening, into which a housing can be inserted, in which the propellant charge and the pyrotechnic ignition device for the propellant charge are received.
Die Treibkammer zum Austreiben des Geschosses ist hierbei der Raum zwischen dem Boden des zentralen Blockes und dem Raum zwischen der Seitenwand der Patronenhülse und den Wänden des zentrischen Vorsprunges.The propelling chamber for driving out the projectile is the space between the bottom of the central block and the space between the side wall of the cartridge case and the walls of the central projection.
Der Grundkörper der patronierten Munition setzt sich somit aus nur drei Teilen zusammen, nämlich dem zentralen Block, der einteiligen ' Geschossspitze und der ebenfalls einteiligen Patronenhülse. Patronenhülse und Geschossspitze sind bevorzugt Kunststoffteile und sind entweder tiefgezogen oder als Kunststoffdruckgussteile ausgebildet, also in ihrer Herstellung einfach und billig.The main body of the ammunition is made up of only three parts, namely the central block, the one-piece ' bullet tip and the one-piece cartridge case. The cartridge case and the bullet tip are preferably plastic parts and are either deep-drawn or designed as plastic die-cast parts, so they are simple and cheap to produce.
Der zentrale Block kann aus einem Kunststoffmaterial sein, wobei dieses Kunststoffmaterial ein hohes spezifisches Gewicht aufweisen sollte, um eine Lage des Schwerpunkts und des aerodynamischen Druckpunkts ähnlich wie bei einem scharfen Geschoss zu erhalten und dem Übungsgeschoss gute Flugeigenschaften ähnlich einem scharfen Geschoss zu verleihen. Hierzu eignen sich Verbundmaterialien aus Kunststoff und einem Metall, vorzugsweise Bronze, die wie Kunststoff bearbeitet werden können. Andere Materialien wie Aluminium etc. sind möglich. Der zentrale Block kann ein Volloder ein Hohlzylinder sein. In der Geschossspitze kann z. B. noch ein Farbpulver enthalten sein, das beim Auftreffen des Geschosses auf ein Ziel beim Bersten der Geschossspitze freigesetzt wird und den Auftreffpunkt anzeigt. Ebenso kann in der Geschossspitze allein oder zusätzlich ein beim Auftreffen auf das Ziel berstender Behälter angeordnet sein, der in zwei Abteilen chemische Stoffe enthält, die beim Bersten des Behälters miteinander vermischt werden und durch Chemolumineszenz Licht erzeugen, so dass der Auftreffpunkt des Geschosses auf ein Ziel auch bei Nacht sichtbar gemacht wird.The central block can be made of a plastic material, this plastic material should have a high specific weight in order to maintain a position of the center of gravity and the aerodynamic pressure point similar to a sharp projectile and to give the training projectile good flight characteristics similar to a sharp projectile. Composite materials made of plastic and a metal, preferably bronze, which can be processed like plastic, are suitable for this. Other materials such as aluminum etc. are possible. The central block can be a solid or a hollow cylinder. In the top of the projectile z. B. still contain a color powder, which is released when the projectile hits a target when the tip of the projectile bursts and indicates the point of impact. Likewise, in the projectile tip alone or additionally, a container bursting when it hits the target can be arranged, which contains chemical substances in two compartments, which are mixed together when the container bursts and which generate light through chemiluminescence, so that the point of impact of the projectile on a target is made visible even at night.
Der zentrale Block kann noch in Umfangsrichtung einen umlaufenden Vorsprung aufweisen, der zwischen den Umfangsnuten gelegen ist, in die die Rastwülste von Haube und Patronenhülse eingreifen; dieser Vorsprung dient als Führungs- bzw. Drallband, wenn das Übungsgeschoss aus einer Waffe mit gezogenem Lauf verschossen wird.The central block can also have a circumferential projection in the circumferential direction, which is located between the circumferential grooves, in which the locking beads of the hood and cartridge case engage; this projection serves as a guide or twist band when the practice bullet is fired from a weapon with a drawn barrel.
Der federelastische Kragen der Patronenhülse wird bevorzugt so ausgebildet, dass er zumindest in seinem oberen Bereich nicht direkt an dem Lauf der Waffe anliegt, sondern einen geringen Abstand hierzu hat. Wenn die Treibgase der Treibladung auf den Boden des Geschosses wirken, wird der Kragen ab einem bestimmten Druck nach außen gegen den Lauf gedrück, t ohne dass das Geschoss schon frei gegeben wird. Dies hat den Vorteil dass beim Abbrennen der Treibgase diese nicht zwischen dem Kragen der Patronenhülse und dem Abschussrohr nach hinten entweichen können, so dass in diese Richtung kein Gasverlust auftritt. Steigt der Druck in der Kammer weiter an, so wird bei einem bestimmten Druck der Rastwulst der Patronenhülse an der Rastnut des Geschosses abgeschert, wodurch die Verbindung zwischen Rastwulst und Umfangsnut aufgebrochen und das Geschoss freigegeben und aus der Patronenhülse ausgetrieben wird. Das Freigeben des Geschosses erfolgt bei gut reproduzierbaren Drücken, so dass bei jedem Schuss stets die gleichen Freigabe- und Flugeigenschaften für das Geschoss erreicht werden.The resilient collar of the cartridge case is preferably designed such that it does not lie directly against the barrel of the weapon, at least in its upper region, but is at a short distance from it. If the propellant gases of the propellant charge act on the floor of the projectile, the collar is pressed outwards against the barrel at a certain pressure without the projectile being released. This has the advantage that when the propellant gases burn, they cannot escape to the rear between the collar of the cartridge case and the launch tube, so that there is no gas loss in this direction. If the pressure in the chamber continues to rise, the locking bead of the cartridge case is sheared off at the locking groove of the projectile at a certain pressure, as a result of which the connection between the locking bead and peripheral groove is broken and the projectile is released and expelled from the cartridge case. The projectile is released at well reproducible pressures, so that the same release and flight characteristics for the projectile are always achieved with each shot.
Trotz der einfachen Konstruktion der Übungsmunition ist diese in ihrer Funktion einer wesentlich teureren Munition durchaus gleichwertig.Despite the simple construction of the practice ammunition, its function is quite equivalent to that of a much more expensive ammunition.
KURZBESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Die Erfindung ist einem Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. In dieser stellen dar:The invention is explained in more detail in an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. In this represent:
Figur 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine patronierte Übungsmunition aus einem Geschoss und einer Patronenhülse; undFigure 1 shows a longitudinal section through a cartridge practice ammunition from a projectile and a cartridge case; and
Figur 2 einen Längsschnitt durch ein Detail im Bereich der Verbindung zwischen Patronenhülse und Geschoss.2 shows a longitudinal section through a detail in the area of the connection between the cartridge case and the projectile.
Eine patronierte Übungsmunition 1 weist einen zentralen Block 2 auf, der als Vollzylinder ausgebildet ist und aus einem schweren Kunststoff, insbesondere einem mit Bronze verstärkten Kunststoff mit hohem spezifischen Gewicht besteht. Der zentrale Block ist als Vollzylinder ausgebildet und weist zwei Stirnseiten auf, wobei die in der Figur untere Stirnseite mit einer zentralen relativ breiten zylindrischen Vertiefung 3 ausgestattet ist, wo hingegen die obere Stirnseite eben ist. Etwa in der Mitte des zentralen Blockes 2 ist ein umlaufender Vorsprung 4 vorgesehen, der die Funktion eines Führungs- bzw. Drallbandes hat.A cartridge ammunition 1 has a central block 2, which is designed as a solid cylinder and consists of a heavy plastic, in particular a bronze reinforced plastic with a high specific weight. The central block is designed as a solid cylinder and has two end faces, the lower end face in the figure being equipped with a central, relatively wide cylindrical recess 3, whereas the upper end face is flat. Approximately in the middle of the central block 2, a circumferential projection 4 is provided, which has the function of a guide or twist band.
Auf den zentralen Block 2 ist eine Geschossspitze 5 aufgeschoben, die vorzugsweise ein einteiliges Tiefziehteil is Kunststoff ist und die Form eines zunächst dünnwandigen Hohlzylinders aufweist, der im Bereich der Spitze in eine Kugelkalotte mit nahezu halbkugelförmiger Gestalt übergeht. Die Geschossspitze 5 geht an ihrem unteren, dem zentralen Block 2 zugewandten Ende in einen federelastischen Kragen 6 über, der an seinem unteren Ende einen umlaufenden Rastwulst 7 aufweist, der, schiebt man die Geschossspitze 5 auf den Umfang im oberen Teil des zentralen Blockes, in eine ebenfalls umlaufende Rastnut 8 des zentralen Blockes 2 einrastet, wobei diese Rastnut z. B. direkt am oberen Rand des Führungsbandes 4 vorgesehen ist.A projectile tip 5 is pushed onto the central block 2, which preferably is a one-piece deep-drawn part is plastic and has the shape of an initially thin-walled hollow cylinder which merges into a spherical cap with an almost hemispherical shape in the area of the tip. The projectile tip 5 merges at its lower end facing the central block 2 into a resilient collar 6 which has a circumferential locking bead 7 at its lower end, which, when the projectile tip 5 is pushed onto the circumference in the upper part of the central block, in a circumferential locking groove 8 of the central block 2 engages, this locking groove z. B. is provided directly at the upper edge of the guide belt 4.
Der Raum zwischen der oberen Stirnseite des zentralen Blockes und der Haube ist ausgefüllt mit einer auf der oberen Stirnseite aufliegenden Trägerplatte 9, die einen zentrischen Behälter 10 aufweist, in dem ein Innenbehälter 11 vorgesehen ist. In dem Innenbehälter 11 und in dem Raum zwischen dem Innenbehälter 11 und dem Außenbehälter 10 ist jeweils ein Material 12 bzw. 13 aufgenommen, wobei die beiden Materialien, wenn sie nach Aufbrechen der Behälter sich miteinander vermischen, chemolumineszent reagieren, so dass Licht erzeugt wird.The space between the upper end face of the central block and the hood is filled with a support plate 9 resting on the upper end face, which has a central container 10 in which an inner container 11 is provided. A material 12 or 13 is received in the inner container 11 and in the space between the inner container 11 and the outer container 10, the two materials, when they mix with one another after the containers have been broken open, react chemiluminescent, so that light is generated.
Der Restraum zwischen der Trägerplatte 9, dem Behälter 10 und der Geschossspitze ist mit einem Markierungsstoff 14, z. B. einem roten Farbpulver ausgefüllt.The remaining space between the carrier plate 9, the container 10 and the projectile tip is covered with a marking substance 14, e.g. B. filled in a red color powder.
Die Trägerplatte 9 und die Behälter 10 bzw. 11 können ebenfalls aus Kunststoff sein.The carrier plate 9 and the containers 10 and 11 can also be made of plastic.
Das beschriebene Geschoss wird in eine Patronenhülse 20 eingesetzt, die vorzugsweise ebenfalls aus Kunststoff und z. B. ein Spritzgussteil ist. Die Patronenhülse 20 hat die Form eines Bechers, wobei am offenen Ende des Bechers die Wand in hrer Dicke soweit reduziert ist, dass sich ein federelastischer Kragen 21 bildet. Der federelastische Kragen 21 weist an seinem oberen Ende wie die Geschossspitze 5 einen umlaufenden Rastwulst 22 auf, der, schiebt man die Patronenhülse mit dem Kragen 21 über das untere Ende des zentralen Blockes 2, in eine umlaufende Rastnut 23 des zentralen Blockes 2 einschnappt. Die Rastnut 23 ist direkt unterhalb des Führungsbandes 4 angeordnet.The projectile described is inserted into a cartridge case 20, which is preferably also made of plastic and z. B. is an injection molded part. The cartridge case 20 has the shape of a cup, with the wall in at the open end of the cup Its thickness is reduced to such an extent that a spring-elastic collar 21 is formed. The spring-elastic collar 21 has at its upper end like the projectile tip 5 a circumferential locking bead 22 which, when the cartridge sleeve with the collar 21 is pushed over the lower end of the central block 2, snaps into a circumferential locking groove 23 of the central block 2. The locking groove 23 is arranged directly below the guide belt 4.
Die Patronenhülse 20 weist einen von ihrem Boden ausgehenden etwa zylinderförmigen zentrischen Vorsprung 24 auf, der einen vom Boden ausgehenden zentrischen und im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Aufnahmeraum 25 aufweist, an den sich eine die obere Wand des Vorsprunges 24 durchstoßende, gegenüber dem Aufnahmeraum 25 etwas verengte Ausströmöffnung 26 anschließt, die knapp unterhalb der Ausnehmung 3 am Boden des zentralen Blockes 2 endet.The cartridge case 20 has an approximately cylindrical central protrusion 24 extending from its base, which has a central and essentially cylindrical receiving space 25 extending from the base, against which an outflow opening 26 penetrating the upper wall of the protrusion 24 and somewhat narrowed relative to the receiving space 25 connects, which ends just below the recess 3 at the bottom of the central block 2.
In den Aufnahmeraum 25 kann passend ein Gehäuse 27 eingeschoben und dort befestigt werden, in dem eine pyrotechnische Treibladung 28 und ein pyrotechnisches Anzündhütchen 29 aufgenommen sind. Das Gehäuse 27 weist an seinem, der Ausströmöffnung 26 zugewandten Ende Öffnungen 30 auf, die direkt mit der Ausströmöffnung 26 kommunizieren.A housing 27 can be suitably inserted and fastened into the receiving space 25, in which a pyrotechnic propellant charge 28 and a pyrotechnic primer cap 29 are received. The housing 27 has, at its end facing the outflow opening 26, openings 30 which communicate directly with the outflow opening 26.
Die gezeigte patronierte Übungsmunition wird wie folgt hergestellt:The cartridge ammunition shown is produced as follows:
Die Geschossspitze 5 wird mit ihrer Wölbung auf einem Träger abgestützt, so dass das offene Ende mit dem Kragen 6 nach oben steht. In die Geschossspitze wird nun das Farbpulver 14 eingefüllt und die Platte 9 mit dem daran befestigten bzw. einstückigen Behälter 10 in die Geschossspitze eingesteckt und dort an einem Flansch abgestützt. Anschließend wird die derart orbereitete Geschossspitze 5 auf den zentralen Block 2 gesteckt und mit Hilfe der Rastwulst 7 und der Rastnut 8 verriegelt.The projectile tip 5 is supported with its curvature on a support, so that the open end with the collar 6 is upward. The color powder 14 is now filled into the projectile tip and the plate 9 with the container 10 attached to it or inserted into the projectile tip and supported there on a flange. Then it becomes like this prepared bullet tip 5 is placed on the central block 2 and locked with the aid of the locking bead 7 and the locking groove 8.
Anschließend wird in den Aufnahmeraum 25 der Patronenhülse 20 das Gehäuse 27 mit dem Treibsatz 28 und dem Zündhütchen 29 eingesetzt und entsprechend befestigt, z. B. mit Hilfe einer Verriegelung, einer Verklebung, etc. Dann wird die Patronenhülse 20 mit ihrem elastischen Kragen 21 von unten über den zentralen Block 2 geschoben, bis die Rastwulst 22 in die Rastnut 23 einschnappt.Then the housing 27 with the propellant charge 28 and the primer 29 is inserted into the receiving space 25 of the cartridge case 20 and fastened accordingly, for. B. with the aid of a lock, an adhesive, etc. Then the cartridge case 20 is pushed with its elastic collar 21 from below over the central block 2 until the locking bead 22 snaps into the locking groove 23.
Damit ist die patronierte Übungsmunition fertiggestellt.The cartridge ammunition is now complete.
Die Patrone 1 kann nun in eine Laufwaffe eingesetzt und das Geschoss abgeschossen werden. Der Zustand beim Abschuss ist für den Bereich der Verbindung zwischen der Patronenhülse 20 bzw. deren Kragen 21 und einem nur angedeuteten Abschussrohr 40 in Figur 2 gezeigt. In unbelastetem Zustand, d. h. vor dem Abschuss ist zwischen der Außenwand des Kragens 21 und der Innenwand des Abschussrohres 40 ein kleiner Spalt 41 vorgesehen, der sich in Richtung auf das obere Ende des Kragens 21 leicht erweitert.The cartridge 1 can now be inserted into a barrel and the projectile can be shot down. The state during the firing is shown in FIG. 2 for the area of the connection between the cartridge case 20 or its collar 21 and a firing tube 40 which is only indicated. In the unloaded state, i.e. H. Before the launch, a small gap 41 is provided between the outer wall of the collar 21 and the inner wall of the launch tube 40, which gap widens slightly in the direction of the upper end of the collar 21.
Wird nun die Treibladung 28 mit Hilfe des Zündhütchens 29 angezündet, so strömen die Treibgase der Treibladung 28 durch die Öffnungen 30 und die Ausströmöffnung 26 in die Treibkammer 31 und wirken auf den Boden des zentralen Blockes 2 und die Ausnehmung 3 in dessen unterer Stirnseite. Wenn der Druck weiter ansteigt, treten Treibgase auch in dem Raum zwischen dem zentralen Block 2 und dem Kragen 21 ein und biegen den Kragen, wie durch den kleinen Pfeil P angedeutet, in Richtung auf die Innenwand des Abschussrohres 40, bis der Kragen 21 satt an dieser Innenwand anliegt. Wenn der Druck weiter teigt, wird der umlaufende Rastwulst 22 abgeschert, wodurch das Geschoss freigegeben und aus dem Lauf ausgetrieben wird. Ein Vorteil ist, dass während des Austreibens des Geschosses kein Gas zwischen dem Kragen 21 und der Innenwand des Abschussrohres 40 nach hinten entweichen kann, da der Kragen 21 während des gesamten Ausstoßvorganges des Geschosses an die Innenwand des Abschussrohres 40 gedrückt wird. Es tritt somit kein Gasverlust nach hinten in Richtung des Bodens der Patronenhülse auf.If the propellant charge 28 is now ignited with the help of the primer 29, the propellant gases of the propellant charge 28 flow through the openings 30 and the outflow opening 26 into the propellant chamber 31 and act on the bottom of the central block 2 and the recess 3 in its lower end face. If the pressure continues to rise, propellant gases also enter the space between the central block 2 and the collar 21 and, as indicated by the small arrow P, bend the collar towards the inner wall of the launch tube 40 until the collar 21 is full this inner wall rests. If the pressure continues tends, the circumferential locking bead 22 is sheared, whereby the projectile is released and expelled from the barrel. An advantage is that during the expulsion of the projectile no gas can escape to the rear between the collar 21 and the inner wall of the launch tube 40, since the collar 21 is pressed against the inner wall of the launch tube 40 during the entire projectile ejection process. There is therefore no gas loss to the rear towards the bottom of the cartridge case.
Es hat sich darüber hinaus gezeigt, dass die Abscherkraft zwischen dem umlaufenden Rastwulst 22 und der umlaufenden Rastnut 23 sehr gut reproduzierbar ist, so dass die Geschosse stets bei dem gleichen Gasdruck aus der Patronenhülse ausgetrieben werden, so ' dass die Schussergebnisse hoch reproduzierbar sind.It has also been shown that the shear force between the circumferential locking bead 22 and the circumferential locking groove 23 can be reproduced very well, so that the projectiles are always expelled from the cartridge case at the same gas pressure, so that the shot results are highly reproducible.
Auch wenn im Vorhergehenden bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung beschrieben worden sind, ist es für jeden Fachmann ersichtlich, dass Abänderungen und Modifikationen der Ausführungsbeispiele möglich sind, ohne von dem Ziel der Erfindung abzuweichen. Although preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be apparent to any person skilled in the art that changes and modifications of the exemplary embodiments are possible without departing from the object of the invention.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
Patronierte Übungsmunition aus einem Geschoss, das einen Geschosskörper und eine Geschossspitze aufweist, und einer Patronenhülse, in der das Geschoss aufgenommen ist und die eine Treibkammer, einen pyrotechnischen Treibsatz und eine pyrotechnische Zündeinrichtung für den Treibsatz aufweist, wobei die Munition in eine Laufwaffe einsetzbar .ist und das Geschoss nach Anzünden des Treibsatzes durch Druckaufbau in der Treibkammer aus der Patronenhülse ausgetrieben wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Geschoss einen einteiligen als Zylinder ausgebildeten zentralen Block (2) und eine einteilige becherförmige Geschossspitze (5) aufweist, die im Bereich ihres offenen Randes als felderelastischer Kragen 'mit einem am äußeren Rand umlaufenden, nach innen weisenden ersten Rastelement (Rastwulst 7) versehen ist, das beim Aufschieben der Geschossspitze auf den zentralen Block (2) in ein ebenfalls umlaufendes zweites RastelementCartridge practice ammunition consisting of a projectile which has a projectile body and a bullet tip, and a cartridge case in which the projectile is received and which has a propellant chamber, a pyrotechnic propellant charge and a pyrotechnic ignition device for the propellant charge, the ammunition being usable in a firearm and after the propellant has been ignited, the projectile is expelled from the cartridge case by building up pressure in the propellant chamber, characterized in that the projectile has a one-piece central block (2) in the form of a cylinder and a one-piece cup-shaped projectile tip (5) which is in the region of its open edge as a field-elastic collar 'is provided with a circumferential, inward-facing, first latching element (latching bead 7), which, when the projectile tip is pushed onto the central block (2), into a likewise circumferential second latching element
(Rastnut 8) in dem zentralen Block (2) einrastet, und dass die Patronenhülse (20) ein einstückiges becherförmiges Teil ist und an ihrem offenen Ende in einen federelastischen Kragen (21) übergeht, der an seinem offenen Ende ein umlaufendes erstes Rastelement (Rastwulst 22) aufweist, das beim Aufschieben der Patronenhülse (20) auf den zentralen Block (2) in ein ebenfalls umlaufendes korrespondierendes zweites Rastelement (Rastnut 23) des zentralen Blockes (2) eingreift, und dass sich vom Boden der Patronenhülse (20) ein etwa zylindrischer Vorsprung (24) nach innen erstreckt, in dem zentrisch ein Aufnahmeraum (25) für die Treibladung(Locking groove 8) snaps into the central block (2), and that the cartridge case (20) is a one-piece cup-shaped part and at its open end merges into a resilient collar (21) which has a circumferential first locking element (locking bead) at its open end 22), which engages when the cartridge case (20) is slid onto the central block (2) in a corresponding circumferential corresponding second latching element (latching groove 23) of the central block (2), and that approximately from the bottom of the cartridge case (20) cylindrical projection (24) extends inward, in the center of a receiving space (25) for the propellant charge
(28) und die Zündeinrichtung (29) vorgesehen ist, wobei der Vorsprung mit einer Ausströmöffnung (26) versehen ist, die unterhalb des Bodens des zentralen Blockes (2) endet.(28) and the ignition device (29) is provided, the Projection is provided with an outflow opening (26) which ends below the bottom of the central block (2).
2. Patronierte Übungsmunition nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einstückige Geschossspitze (5) und die einstückige Patronenhülse (20) jeweils aus einem Kunststoffmaterial gefertigt sind.2. cartridge ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the one-piece projectile tip (5) and the one-piece cartridge case (20) are each made of a plastic material.
3. Patronierte Übungsmunition nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zentrale Block (2) aus einem Kunststoff-Verbundmaterial mit hohem spezifischen Gewicht besteht .3. cartridge ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the central block (2) consists of a plastic composite material with a high specific weight.
4. Patronierte Übungsmunition nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbundstoff eine Mischung aus Kunststoff und Bronze ist.4. cartridge ammunition according to claim 3, characterized in that the composite is a mixture of plastic and bronze.
5. Patronierte Übungsmunition nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zentrale Block (2) einen umlaufenden Vorsprung (4) aufweist, der als Führungs- bzw. Drallband beim Abschuss des Geschosses aus einem gezogenen Lauf (40) dient.5. cartridge ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the central block (2) has a circumferential projection (4) which serves as a guide or twist band when shooting the projectile from a drawn barrel (40).
6. Patronierte Übungsmunition nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die umlaufenden zweiten Rastelemente (Rastnuten 8) des zentralen Blockes (2) zum Verriegeln der Haube (5) bzw. der Ringhülse (20) unmittelbar ober- bzw. unterhalb des Drall- bzw. Führungsbandes (4) angeordnet sind.6. cartridge ammunition according to claim 5, characterized in that the circumferential second locking elements (locking grooves 8) of the central block (2) for locking the hood (5) or the ring sleeve (20) immediately above or below the swirl or Guide belt (4) are arranged.
7. Patronierte Übungsmunition nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der federelastische Kragen (21) der Patronenhülse (20) in Richtung auf das zweite Rastelement (Rastnut 23) des zentralen Blockes (2) verjüngt und im Bereich dieses Rastelementes (Rastnut 23) innerhalb des Außendurchmessers des zentralen Blockes (2) liegt.7. cartridge ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the resilient collar (21) of the cartridge case (20) tapers in the direction of the second locking element (locking groove 23) of the central block (2) and in the area of this locking element (locking groove 23) within the outer diameter of the central block (2).
8. Patronierte Übungsmunition nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Geschossspitze Markierungsmittel (14, 12, 13) vorgesehen sind, um den Auftreffpunkt des Geschosses auf ein Ziel anzuzeigen.8. cartridge ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that in the projectile tip marking means (14, 12, 13) are provided to indicate the point of impact of the projectile on a target.
9. Patronierte Übungsmunition nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Markierungsmittel ein Farbpulver (14) und/oder chemolumineszente Substanzen (12, 13) sind. 9. cartridge ammunition according to claim 8, characterized in that the marking means are a colored powder (14) and / or chemiluminescent substances (12, 13).
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NO335474B1 (en) 2014-12-15
US20060032393A1 (en) 2006-02-16
IL178547A0 (en) 2007-02-11
AU2005230667A1 (en) 2005-10-20
WO2005098344A1 (en) 2005-10-20
SI1735580T1 (en) 2014-09-30
KR101296941B1 (en) 2013-08-14
NZ551003A (en) 2010-10-29
CA2563389C (en) 2013-11-26
DE102004017464A1 (en) 2005-11-03
EP1735580B1 (en) 2014-06-04
JP2007532848A (en) 2007-11-15
CA2563389A1 (en) 2005-10-20
ZA200608456B (en) 2008-06-25
AU2005230667B2 (en) 2012-01-19
NO20064639L (en) 2006-12-13
US7819065B2 (en) 2010-10-26
DE102004017464B4 (en) 2006-05-18
KR20070057707A (en) 2007-06-07

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