EP1730053A1 - Coupling part for stowing containers on board ships - Google Patents

Coupling part for stowing containers on board ships

Info

Publication number
EP1730053A1
EP1730053A1 EP05716305A EP05716305A EP1730053A1 EP 1730053 A1 EP1730053 A1 EP 1730053A1 EP 05716305 A EP05716305 A EP 05716305A EP 05716305 A EP05716305 A EP 05716305A EP 1730053 A1 EP1730053 A1 EP 1730053A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
abutment
contact surface
coupling piece
piece according
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05716305A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1730053B1 (en
Inventor
Jens Fuge
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MacGregor Germany GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
MacGregor Conver GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MacGregor Conver GmbH filed Critical MacGregor Conver GmbH
Publication of EP1730053A1 publication Critical patent/EP1730053A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1730053B1 publication Critical patent/EP1730053B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/0006—Coupling devices between containers, e.g. ISO-containers
    • B65D90/0013—Twist lock
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/48—Arrangements of indicating or measuring devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coupling piece for stowing containers on board ships according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the coupling pieces mentioned here are both those for securing stacked containers against horizontal displacement and for locking the containers in the vertical direction, as well as those that only secure the stacked containers against horizontal displacement. These coupling pieces are arranged on the one hand between superimposed containers and on the other hand between the ship-side supports and the lowest containers of a respective container stack. As a result, the bottom container of the container stack is also connected to the ship-side supports.
  • CONFIRMATION S ÜP-E are not significantly worn out, have a relatively high weight, which makes them more difficult to handle.
  • the object of the invention is to create a coupling piece for stowing containers on board ships, which does not require any additional weight.
  • a coupling piece for solving this problem has the features of claim 1. Accordingly, at least one detection means is assigned to the abutment, which is either eliminated or appears visibly when a minimum thickness of the abutment is reached due to wear. Since the abutment between two stacked containers or a container or a ship-side support wears out in such a way that it decreases in thickness, the at least one detection means assigned to the abutment provides reliable information about the condition of the coupling piece. Using the detection means, it can easily be determined whether the coupling piece can still be used or is so worn that there is a risk of the coupling piece breaking with an abutment that is too thin due to wear.
  • the detection means is designed so that when a minimum thickness of the abutment is reached due to wear, the detection means is either removed or appears visibly. As a result, the abutment provides reliable visual information as to whether the abutment has reached or fallen below the minimum wear-related thickness.
  • the coupling piece must be replaced if either the at least one detection means is no longer visible or if it appears.
  • the at least one detection means is assigned to at least one contact surface of the abutment on a corner fitting of a container or on a support on the ship side. This is preferably the horizontal contact surface of the abutment lying below. This lower contact surface is then the wear surface of the abutment.
  • This wear surface can be determined by the design of the coupling piece, in that the coupling piece has sufficient play with that container, namely its corner fitting, or the ship-side support, on which the lower contact surface rests.
  • the coupling piece is designed so that it can be used in the lower corner fittings of the container without any noticeable play, so that between the upper contact surface of the abutment and the no significant relative displacements take place in the lower corner fitting of a respective container and therefore no wear or only a slight wear compared to the lower contact surface occurs.
  • the at least one detection means only needs to be assigned to one contact surface of the abutment, namely that which wears out or experiences the greater wear. This is preferably the lower contact surface of the abutment.
  • the or each detection means is formed from a recess in a contact surface of the abutment.
  • the depth of this at least one depression corresponds to the measure of the permissible wear of the abutment. This dimension results from the strength calculation of the coupling piece, which must not be less than a minimum thickness to ensure the minimum strength.
  • the respective depression accordingly ends in a plane which has such a distance from the abutting abutment surface of the abutment that it corresponds to the maximum permissible wear. Accordingly, if the abutment is worn within the maximum permissible range, either the respective recess becomes visible or it is ground away due to wear and therefore no longer exists. Operators who handle the dome pieces when stowing the containers can thus easily and reliably visually recognize whether the dome piece is still usable because the wear is still within permissible limits or the wear has progressed to such an extent that the dome piece is no longer used may.
  • the respective depression can be formed from a groove in the wearing contact surface of the abutment.
  • the groove is colored or made colored, for example by painting in the area of the groove. It is expedient to use a clearly visible color for this. It can be a striking color, such that the groove is painted green, for example. As long as the green color of the groove is visible, this indicates to the person handling the coupling piece that it can still be used because the wear of the abutment is still within additional limits.
  • the or each detection means is formed from at least one depression extending from the (upper) contact surface that does not wear out or is less worn.
  • This depression ends at a distance from the wearing contact surface of the abutment, that is to say in the plane which is distant from the wearing contact surface by the amount of the permissible wear.
  • the depth of this detection means therefore corresponds to the minimum thickness of the abutment.
  • Such a detection means only becomes visible when the coupling piece can no longer be used due to a correspondingly advanced level of wear.
  • the detection means is not visible beforehand.
  • the depression emanating from the contact surface opposite the wearing contact surface can be formed from a groove or a blind hole. Accordingly, if the coupling piece is worn beyond the permissible extent, the original blind hole has become a through-hole, as a result of which the person handling the coupling piece can easily recognize that it is unusable. Likewise, if the abutment is closed to an unacceptably high degree, the groove forms a clearly visible through slot in the abutment.
  • the recess for example the groove or the blind hole, emanating from the non-or less wearing contact surface at least partially with a colored filling. If the color of the filling is visible, this indicates that the coupling piece is unusable. In this case, it is preferred to use a red color, so that the visibility of a red area or a red dot indicates to the person handling the coupling piece that the coupling piece is unusable.
  • the recess on the non-wearing or less wearing contact surface of the abutment is in a preferred one Design of the coupling piece closed with a material in the color of the abutment or the coupling piece.
  • a lead grafting or a plastic colored about with the color of the coupling piece or at least the abutment for closing at least one area of the recess starting from the non-wearing contact surface is particularly advantageous if the depression below the closure is provided with a colored filling.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a forward section of a container ship
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of a twistlock
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the twistlock of FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 shows a view of the twistlock according to FIG. 2 from below
  • FIG. 5 shows a side view of a twistlock of FIGS. 2 to 4 inserted into a floor foundation
  • FIG. 6 is a side view rotated by 90 ° of the twist lock of FIG. 5 inserted into the base foundation
  • 7 is a plan view of the twistlock of FIGS. 5 and 6 inserted into the base foundation
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged partial view of a twistlock with a detection means according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a twistlock in a representation according to FIG. 8 with a detection means according to a second exemplary embodiment.
  • twistlock 10 is used to couple containers 13 stacked one above the other on the deck of a container ship 11, which is shown schematically in FIG. 1.
  • the containers 13 are not only secured against horizontal displacement by the twistlock 10, but also coupled together in the vertical direction against lifting off.
  • the twist lock 10 also serves to connect the bottom container of a respective container stack with supports on the ship side, for example floor foundations 12 (FIGS. 5 to 7). This connection takes place in the same way as the connection of two containers 13 lying one above the other.
  • the twistlock 10 essentially consists of a housing 14, a locking bolt 16 rotatable therein by a vertical central axis 15 and an actuating lever 17.
  • the exterior of the housing 14 is divided into three sections, namely a central abutment 18 and two on opposite sides of the Abutment 18 arranged center pieces 19 and 20.
  • the abutment 18 is in the case of stacked containers 13 between adjacent corner fittings of the container 13 to be connected by the twist lock 10.
  • the abutment 18 can also lie between a lower corner fitting of a lower container 13 of a container stack and a base foundation 12 (Fig. 5 to 7).
  • the center pieces 19 and 20 protrude in the case of coupled containers 13 into corresponding elongated holes in corner fittings of the containers 13 lying one above the other.
  • the lower middle piece 20 of the housing 14 projects between the base foundation 12 and the lower container 13 of a container stack in a direction 21 in the longitudinal aisle. running elongated hole 22 in an upper foundation plate 23 of the ground foundation 12 into it (FIG. 5).
  • the elongated hole 22 in the base foundation plate 23 of the base foundation 12 is, for reasons described further below, designed to be significantly longer than the middle piece 20 under the housing 14 of the twistlock 10.
  • the upper middle piece 19 is only slightly smaller than the elongated hole in the corner fitting of the respective one Containers 13, so that the center piece 19 essentially fills an elongated hole in the corner fitting of the container 13.
  • the locking bolt 16 is composed of an essentially cylindrical central part 24 and two crossbars 25 and 26.
  • the locking bolt 16 is formed in one piece, for which purpose the crossbars 25 and 26 are formed on opposite ends of the central part 24.
  • the locking boizen 16 With the central part 24, the locking boizen 16 is rotatably mounted about its central axis 15 in a through hole in the housing 14.
  • the locking bolt 16 is rotated by an actuating lever 17 protruding laterally from the abutment 18 with an actuating end.
  • the two transverse bolts 25 and 26 protrude from opposite ends of the housing 14.
  • the crossbars 25 and 26 are thus located above the respective middle piece 19 and 20, whereby they can be immersed in the respective corner fitting or the base foundation 12.
  • cross bar 25 and 26 there is at least one cross bar 25 and 26 in register with the middle piece 19 and 20.
  • both cross bar 25 or 26 come out of coincidence with the middle piece 19 and 20.
  • This enables the cross bar 25 and 26 with opposite end areas from behind engage the elongated holes in the corner fittings of the container 13 or the foundation plate 23 of the base foundation 12 (FIG. 5).
  • Modern container ships 11 are designed in such a way that they deform elastically in the sea within defined limits. Such a container ship 11 twists in particular in the longitudinal direction 21, so it is practically twisted about the longitudinal axis.
  • 1 shows schematically (exaggerated for purposes of illustration) how hatch covers 27 on the ship's deck warp as a result of the twisting of the container ship 11.
  • the outline of warped hatch covers 27 are shown in dash-dot-lined lines.
  • the hatch covers 27 originally having a rectangular base surface then have a diamond-shaped base surface, the parallel to the Longitudinal direction 21 extending longitudinal sides 28 of the hatch cover 27 move in opposite directions.
  • This container 13 is stowed on the outside, that is to say it is in the vicinity of a side wall 29 of the container ship 11.
  • the lowermost container 13 of the container stack lying near the side wall 29 is connected by the twistlocks 10 to the ground foundations 12, which are only symbolically shown in FIG. 1 ,
  • the base foundations 12 of the consecutive corners of the container 13 in the longitudinal direction 21 of the ship are located on one of the hatch covers 27, while the outside corners of the container 13 are connected to base foundations 12 which are located next to the hatch covers 27 on a longitudinal fill of the container ship 11, not shown are located.
  • FIG. 1 symbolically illustrates how the floor foundations 12 located thereon change their position in the longitudinal direction 21 of the ship by moving the hatch covers 27, namely moving forward or backward. This would result in entrainment of all containers 13 of the respective container stack in the longitudinal direction 21 or against the longitudinal direction 21, as is symbolically indicated in FIG. 1.
  • the floor foundations 12, in particular both the floor foundations 12 on the respective hatch cover 27 and on the longitudinal sill have elongated holes 22 which extend in the longitudinal vessel direction 21 and which are considerably longer than the one in the longitudinal vessel direction 21 Dimension of the middle piece 20 under the abutment 18 of the twist lock 10 (see FIGS. 6 and 7). This applies both to the floor foundations 12 on the respective hatch cover 27 and to the longitudinal sill.
  • the longitudinal edges of the hatch covers 27 can warp in the longitudinal direction 21 and also against the longitudinal direction 21 by 60 mm in each case.
  • the floor foundations 12 on the hatch cover 27 can therefore shift by 60 mm in the longitudinal direction 21 and 60 mm against the longitudinal direction 21 with respect to the floor foundations 12 on the longitudinal gullet.
  • the elongated holes 20 in the base foundation plates 23 of the base foundations 12 on the respective hatch cover 27 and also on the longitudinal sill are 60 mm longer than the center pieces 20 of the twistlocks 10.
  • the correspondingly elongated elongated holes 22 in the foundation plates 23 the ground foundations 12 thus compensate for warping of the hatch covers 27 by twisting the container ship 11 in the longitudinal direction 21 of the ship.
  • the material pairing between the housing 14 of the twistlocks 10 and the foundation plate 23 of the base foundation 12 is selected in such a way that the foundation plate 23 is harder and therefore does not wear appreciably.
  • the result is that the lower contact surface 30 of the abutment 18 located on the underside of the abutment 18 of the housing 14 of the twistlock 10 wears on the foundation plate 23 of the base foundation 12. This is a wear that is brought about specifically on the twistlock 10, because this is easier to replace than the foundation plate 23 of the floor foundation 12 firmly connected to the container ship 11.
  • the twistlock 10 Since the abutment 18 of the twist lock 10 holds the middle pieces 19 and 20, which secure the stacked containers 13 against horizontal displacement, wear of the abutment 18 is only reliable to a certain extent.
  • the thickness of the abutment 18 must therefore not be less than a certain minimum thickness 31 so that the twistlock 10 is able to absorb lashing forces that are at least necessary for reliably securing the containers 13 on board the container ship 11.
  • the twistlock 10 has at least one corresponding detection means. In the exemplary embodiments shown, two detection means are provided, without the invention being restricted thereto. A single detection means per twistlock 10 is sufficient, although more than two detection means can also be provided.
  • FIG. 8 show a first type of detection means which are designed as elongated grooves 32.
  • Two identical elongated grooves 32 are assigned to an underside of the abutment 14, on opposite sides of the locking bolt 16.
  • the grooves 32 extend from the lower contact surface 30 of the abutment 18 (FIG. 8).
  • the grooves 32 shown have an approximately trapezoidal cross section.
  • a groove base 33 located at the bottom of the respective groove 32 is flat.
  • the groove bottom 33 runs at a parallel distance from the lower contact surface 30. This distance is chosen such that the distance of the groove bottom 33 from the non-or less wearing upper contact surface 34, on which the lower corner fitting of the lower container 13 of the respective container stack is supported, the minimum thickness 31 of the abutment 18 corresponds.
  • the groove base 33 is provided with a color coating 35.
  • the color coating 35 can be formed by a colored lacquer layer.
  • This lacquer layer preferably has an easily perceivable color, for example a signal color. In order to make the color coating 35 obvious, it can be green.
  • the grooves 32 serving as detection means are visible in the lower contact surface 30 of the abutment 18.
  • the person using the twistlock 10 can recognize from this that the abutment 18 (still) has a sufficient thickness, that is to say it exceeds the minimum thickness 31.
  • the abutment 18 has a sufficient thickness, that is to say it exceeds the minimum thickness 31.
  • the usability of the twistlock is immediately clear. If the color of the grooves 32 is green, this indicates to the person handling the twistlock 10 in the manner of a traffic light that the use of this twistlock 10 is permissible.
  • twistlock 10 shows a twistlock 10 according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention. This twistlock 10 differs from the twistlock 10 of FIGS. 1 to 8 only with regard to the design of the detection means.
  • the detection means are designed as depressions that protrude from the upper, less or not wearing contact surface 34 of the abutment 18 going out. These depressions are blind holes 36.
  • the number of blind holes 36 can be as desired. A single blind hole 36 is even sufficient.
  • Each blind hole 36 has a flat bottom surface 37 which runs parallel to both contact surfaces 30 and 34. The bottom surface 37 of the blind hole 36 ends in front of the wearing lower contact surface 30 with a distance that corresponds to the extent of the permissible wear of the abutment 18. In other words, the depth of each blind hole 36 is the minimum thickness 31 of the abutment 18.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further development of the twistlock 10, which consists in that a filling 38 is arranged in each blind hole 36.
  • the filling 38 is located on the bottom surface 37 of each blind hole 36.
  • the filling 38 can be a colored material, for example a red plastic.
  • the filling 38 extends only over part of the depth of the respective blind hole 36.
  • each blind hole 36 is filled with a cover 39.
  • This cover 39 is formed from a material that matches the color of the usually metallic housing 14 to form the Abutment 18 corresponds. For example, it can be lead, tin or some other easily meltable metal colored material.
  • the cover 39 for each blind hole 36 can also be formed from a metal-colored plastic.
  • the covers 39 cover the colored fillings 39 in the blind holes 36.
  • the colored filling 38 serving as a detection means is therefore neither on the lower contact surface 30 nor on the upper contact surface 34 visible. Only when the abutment 18 is ground down to such an extent that it only has the minimum thickness 31, are the colored fillings 38 in the blind holes 36 visible on the lower contact surface 30.
  • the fillings 38 have a red color, this signals in the manner of a traffic light that the twistlock 10 is no longer permitted because the abutment 18 has a thickness that corresponds to the minimum thickness 31 or is even less. Because the minimum thickness 31 is less than that, the twistlock 10 would no longer have the prescribed strength, so that it must be replaced by a new twistlock 10 or one in which the abutment 18 still has the minimum thickness 31.
  • the invention is not only suitable for the twistlocks 10 described above; rather, for all the coupling pieces usually used for stowing containers 13 on board ships, and not just container ships 11.
  • the invention is also suitable for coupling pieces which, although also used for coupling together stacked containers, thus also connect them in the vertical direction, but have no rotatable crossbars and are therefore not to be referred to as twistlocks.
  • These are so-called stackers or also fixing cones, which also serve via an abutment 18 between two containers stacked one above the other or a base foundation 12 under the container 13 of a container stack.
  • the invention can also be used with double sticks which, for. B. between two short 20 'containers to connect them to a 40' container unit. These have an elongated, plate-like abutment that extends between stacked corner fittings on adjacent end faces of containers one behind the other.
  • the detection means provided according to the invention can in principle be provided in all coupling pieces used for lashing containers, regardless of where the containers 13 are stowed on board the ship and what size they are. March 22, 2005/7119

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
  • Length-Measuring Instruments Using Mechanical Means (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Coupling parts known as twistlocks (10) are used to secure stacked containers on board ships. Said twistlocks (10) comprise a central support (18), which lies between the corner fittings of stacked containers. As a result of deformations of the hull of the ship, caused by the sea, a longitudinal displacement occurs between the containers, in particular the bottommost container and a support on board the ship. This causes the central support (18) to wear. If said central support (18) is reduced to a minimum thickness as a result of advanced wear, there is a risk of breakage of the twistlock (10). According to the invention, the central support (18) of the twistlock (10) comprises at least one detection element. The detection element can be configured as a blind hole (36) in the central support (18), said hole being filled with a coloured filler material (38) and provided with a cover (39). The depth of the blind hole (36) is calculated in such a way that when said hole has been worn away or the coloured filler material (38) is visible, the minimum thickness of the central support (18) has been reached. It is thus possible to reliably confirm by visual means that the central support (18) is so worn that the twistlock (10) must be replaced by a new one.

Description

Kuppelstück zum Stauen von Containern an Bord von SchiffenCoupling piece for stowing containers on board ships
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kuppelstück zum Stauen von Containern an Bord von Schiffen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a coupling piece for stowing containers on board ships according to the preamble of claim 1.
Bei den hier angesprochenen Kuppelstücken handelt es sich sowohl um solche zum Sichern übereinander gestapelter Container gegen Horizontalverschiebung und zum Verriegeln der Container in vertikaler Richtung als auch um solche, die die übereinander gestapelten Container nur gegen Horizontalverschiebung sichern. Diese Kuppelstücke sind einerseits zwischen übereinander liegenden Containern und andererseits zwischen schiffsseitigen Auflagern und den untersten Containern eines jeweiligen Containerstapels angeordnet. Dadurch werden die untersten Container der Containerstapel auch mit den schiffsseitigen Auflagern verbunden.The coupling pieces mentioned here are both those for securing stacked containers against horizontal displacement and for locking the containers in the vertical direction, as well as those that only secure the stacked containers against horizontal displacement. These coupling pieces are arranged on the one hand between superimposed containers and on the other hand between the ship-side supports and the lowest containers of a respective container stack. As a result, the bottom container of the container stack is also connected to the ship-side supports.
Vor allem größere, modernere Containerschiffe sind so konstruiert, dass sie sich im Seegang innerhalb zulässiger Grenzen elastisch verformen. Vor allem verdrehen (tordieren) sich solche Containerschiffe im Seegang um ihre Längsschiffsachse. Die Folge ist, dass die üblicherweise längs zur Schiffsachse gestauten Conta iner Längsverschiebungen zu den schiffsseitigen Auflagern und in gewisser Weise auch untereinander erfahren. Diese Längsverschiebungen führen zu einem Verschleiß der zwischen den Containern und zwischen dem unteren Container und dem schiffsseitigen Auflager sich befindenden Widerlager der Kuppelstücke. Dieser Verschleiß verringert die Festigkeit der Kuppelstücke, so dass diese dann, wenn der Verschleiß des Widerlagers ein bestimmtes Ausmaß angenommen hat, nicht mehr einsetzbar sind, weil dies Gefahr des Bruchs der Kuppelstücke besteht.Larger, more modern container ships in particular are designed in such a way that they deform elastically in the sea within permissible limits. Above all, such container ships twist (twist) in the sea around their longitudinal axis. The result is that the containers usually stowed longitudinally to the ship's axis experience longitudinal displacements to the ship-side supports and, to a certain extent, also to one another. These longitudinal displacements lead to wear of the abutments of the coupling pieces located between the containers and between the lower container and the ship-side support. This wear reduces the strength of the coupling pieces, so that when the wear of the abutment has reached a certain level, they can no longer be used, because there is a risk of the coupling pieces breaking.
Der geschilderten Problematik wird bei bekannten Kuppelstücken bislang nur dadurch Rechnung getragen, dass die Widerlager dicker als notwendig ausgebildet werden. Man vergrößert die Dicke des Widerlagers der Kuppelstücke so sehr, dass über die übliche Lebensdauer gesehen die Wahrscheinlichkeit besteht, dass das Widerlager nur so weit verschleißt, nämlich eine Reduzierung der Dicke erfährt, dass die Belastbarkeit des Kuppelstücks noch ausreicht. Solche Kuppelstücke weisen jedenfalls, so lange sie nochThe problem described has so far been taken into account in known coupling pieces only by making the abutments thicker than necessary. The thickness of the abutment of the coupling pieces is increased so much that over the usual service life there is a likelihood that the abutment will only wear so far, namely that the thickness will be reduced so that the load capacity of the coupling piece is still sufficient. In any case, such dome pieces have as long as they still have
BESTÄTIGUNG S ÜP-E nicht nennenswert verschlissen sind, ein verhältnismäßig hohes Gewicht auf, wodurch sie schwerer handhabbar sind.CONFIRMATION S ÜP-E are not significantly worn out, have a relatively high weight, which makes them more difficult to handle.
Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Kuppelstück zum Stauen von Containern an Bord von Schiffen zu schaffen, welches kein zusätzliches Gewicht erfordert.The object of the invention is to create a coupling piece for stowing containers on board ships, which does not require any additional weight.
Ein Kuppelstück zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe weist die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 auf. Demnach ist dem Widerlager mindestens ein Detektionsmittel zugeordnet, das beim verschleißbedingten Erreichen einer Mindestdicke des Widerlagers entweder beseitigt ist oder sichtbar in Erscheinung tritt. Da das Widerlager zwischen zwei übereinander gestapelten Containern oder einem Container oder einem schiffsseitigen Auflager derart verschleißt, dass es in der Dicke abnimmt, gibt das mindestens eine dem Widerlager zugeordnete Detektionsmittel eine zuverlässige Information über den Zustand des Kuppelstücks. Anhand des Detektionsmittels lässt sich einfach feststellen, ob das Kuppelstück noch verwendbar oder so stark verschlissen ist, dass die Gefahr eines Bruchs des Kuppelstücks mit einem verschleißbedingt zu dünnem Widerlager besteht. Das Detektionsmittel ist so gestaltet, dass beim verschleißbedingten Erreichen einer Mindestdicke des Widerlagers entweder das Detektionsmittel beseitigt wird oder,, sichtbar in Erscheinung tritt. Dadurch gibt das Widerlager in zuverlässiger Weise visuell Auskunft darüber, ob das Widerlager die verschleißbedingte Mindestdicke erreicht bzw. unterschritten hat. Das Kuppelstück muss ausgetauscht werden, wenn entweder das mindestens eine Detektionsmittel nicht mehr sichtbar ist oder das in Erscheinung tritt.A coupling piece for solving this problem has the features of claim 1. Accordingly, at least one detection means is assigned to the abutment, which is either eliminated or appears visibly when a minimum thickness of the abutment is reached due to wear. Since the abutment between two stacked containers or a container or a ship-side support wears out in such a way that it decreases in thickness, the at least one detection means assigned to the abutment provides reliable information about the condition of the coupling piece. Using the detection means, it can easily be determined whether the coupling piece can still be used or is so worn that there is a risk of the coupling piece breaking with an abutment that is too thin due to wear. The detection means is designed so that when a minimum thickness of the abutment is reached due to wear, the detection means is either removed or appears visibly. As a result, the abutment provides reliable visual information as to whether the abutment has reached or fallen below the minimum wear-related thickness. The coupling piece must be replaced if either the at least one detection means is no longer visible or if it appears.
Das mindestens eine Detektionsmittel ist wenigstens einer Anlagefläche des Widerlagers auf einem Eckbeschlag eines Containers oder auf einem schiffsseitigen Auflager zugeordnet. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich dabei um die unten liegende, horizontale Anlagefläche des Widerlagers. Diese untere Anlagefläche ist dann die Verschleißfläche des Widerlagers. Diese Verschleißfläche kann durch die konstruktive Ausbildung des Kuppelstücks festgelegt werden, indem das Kuppelstück ein ausreichendes Spiel zu demjenigen Container, nämlich seinem Eckbeschlag, oder dem schiffsseitigen Auflager aufweist, worauf die untere Anlagefläche aufliegt. Andererseits ist das Kuppelstück so gestaltet, dass es in unteren Eckbeschlägen der Container ohne nennenswertes Spiel einsetzbar ist, so dass zwischen der oberen Anlagefläche des Widerlagers und dem unteren Eckbeschlag eines jeweiligen Containers keine nennenswerten Relativverschiebungen stattfinden und somit auch kein oder ein im Vergleich zur unteren Anlagefläche nur geringer Verschleiß auftritt. Demzufolge braucht das mindestens eine Detektionsmittel nur einer Anlagefläche des Widerlagers zugeordnet sein, nämlich der- jenigen, die verschleißt oder den größeren Verschleiß erfährt. Das ist vorzugsweise die untere Anlagefläche des Widerlagers.The at least one detection means is assigned to at least one contact surface of the abutment on a corner fitting of a container or on a support on the ship side. This is preferably the horizontal contact surface of the abutment lying below. This lower contact surface is then the wear surface of the abutment. This wear surface can be determined by the design of the coupling piece, in that the coupling piece has sufficient play with that container, namely its corner fitting, or the ship-side support, on which the lower contact surface rests. On the other hand, the coupling piece is designed so that it can be used in the lower corner fittings of the container without any noticeable play, so that between the upper contact surface of the abutment and the no significant relative displacements take place in the lower corner fitting of a respective container and therefore no wear or only a slight wear compared to the lower contact surface occurs. As a result, the at least one detection means only needs to be assigned to one contact surface of the abutment, namely that which wears out or experiences the greater wear. This is preferably the lower contact surface of the abutment.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das oder jedes Detektionsmittel aus einer Vertiefung in einer Anlagefläche des Widerlagers gebildet. Die Tiefe dieser mindestens einen Vertiefung entspricht dem Maß des zulässigen Verschleißes des Widerlagers. Dieses Maß ergibt sich aus der Festigkeitsberechnung des Kuppelstücks, das um die Mindestfestigkeit zu gewährleisten, eine Mindestdicke nicht unterschreiten darf. Die jeweilige Vertiefung endet demnach in einer Ebene, die einen solchen Abstand von der verschleißenden Anlagefläche des Widerlagers aufweist, der dem maximal zulässigen Verschleiß entspricht. Wenn demnach das Widerlager im maximal zulässigen Rahmen verschlissen ist, wird entweder die jeweilige Vertiefung sichtbar oder sie ist verschleißbedingt weggeschliffen und damit nicht mehr vorhanden. Bedienungspersonen, die die Kuppeistücke beim Stauen der Container handhaben, können somit einfach und zuverlässig rein visuell erkennen, ob das Kuppelstück noch brauchbar ist, weil der Verschleiß noch innerhalb zulässiger Grenzen liegt oder der Verschleiß so weit fortgeschritten ist, dass das Kuppelstück nicht mehr verwendet werden darf.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the or each detection means is formed from a recess in a contact surface of the abutment. The depth of this at least one depression corresponds to the measure of the permissible wear of the abutment. This dimension results from the strength calculation of the coupling piece, which must not be less than a minimum thickness to ensure the minimum strength. The respective depression accordingly ends in a plane which has such a distance from the abutting abutment surface of the abutment that it corresponds to the maximum permissible wear. Accordingly, if the abutment is worn within the maximum permissible range, either the respective recess becomes visible or it is ground away due to wear and therefore no longer exists. Operators who handle the dome pieces when stowing the containers can thus easily and reliably visually recognize whether the dome piece is still usable because the wear is still within permissible limits or the wear has progressed to such an extent that the dome piece is no longer used may.
Die jeweilige Vertiefung kann im einfachsten Falle aus einer Nut in der verschleißenden Anlagefläche des Widerlagers gebildet sein. Es ist aber auch denkbar, die jeweilige Vertiefung durch eine Sackbohrung oder eine Fase am Rand des Widerlagers zu bilden. Um die Erkennbarkeit des Nochvorhandenseins oder des vollständigen Abschleifens der Nut deutlicher zu machen, ist vorgesehen, die Nut farbig auszubilden oder farbig zu machen, beispielsweise durch einen Farbanstrich im Bereich der Nut. Zweckmäßigerweise verwendet man hierzu eine deutlich sichtbare Farbe. Es kann sich dabei um eine sinnfällige Farbe handeln, derart, dass die Nut zum Beispiel grün angestrichen wird. Solange die grüne Farbe der Nut sichtbar ist, zeigt das der das Kuppelstück handhabenden Person an, dass dieses noch benutzt werden kann, weil der Verschleiß des Widerlagers noch innerhalb zusätzlicher Grenzen liegt. Bei Erreichen des maximal zulässigen Verschleißes oder Überschreiten desselben ist die jeweilige Nut und damit auch die Farbe, insbesondere grüne Farbe, vollständig weggeschliffen, so dass die das Kuppelstück handhabende Person ohne Weiteres die Unbrauchbarkeit des Kuppelstücks erkennen kann.In the simplest case, the respective depression can be formed from a groove in the wearing contact surface of the abutment. However, it is also conceivable to form the respective depression by means of a blind hole or a chamfer on the edge of the abutment. In order to make the recognizability of the presence or the complete grinding of the groove clearer, it is provided that the groove is colored or made colored, for example by painting in the area of the groove. It is expedient to use a clearly visible color for this. It can be a striking color, such that the groove is painted green, for example. As long as the green color of the groove is visible, this indicates to the person handling the coupling piece that it can still be used because the wear of the abutment is still within additional limits. When the maximum permissible wear is reached or exceeded, the respective groove and thus also the color, in particular green color, completely sanded away, so that the person handling the coupling piece can easily recognize the uselessness of the coupling piece.
Gemäß einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, das oder jedes Detektionsmittel aus mindestens einer von der nicht oder weniger verschleißenden (oberen) Anlagefläche ausgehenden Vertiefung zu bilden. Diese Vertiefung endet mit Abstand von der verschleißenden Anlagefläche des Widerlagers, also in der Ebene, die um das Maß des zulässigen Verschleißes von der verschleißenden Anlagefläche entfernt ist. Die Tiefe dieses Detektionsmittels entspricht also der Mindestdicke des Widerlagers. Ein solches Detektionsmittel wird erst sichtbar, wenn das Kuppelstück aufgrund eines entsprechend fortgeschrittenen Verschleißes nicht mehr verwendbar ist. Vorher ist das Detektionsmittel nicht sichtbar.According to another embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the or each detection means is formed from at least one depression extending from the (upper) contact surface that does not wear out or is less worn. This depression ends at a distance from the wearing contact surface of the abutment, that is to say in the plane which is distant from the wearing contact surface by the amount of the permissible wear. The depth of this detection means therefore corresponds to the minimum thickness of the abutment. Such a detection means only becomes visible when the coupling piece can no longer be used due to a correspondingly advanced level of wear. The detection means is not visible beforehand.
Die von der der verschleißenden Anlagefläche gegenüberliegenden Anlagefläche ausgehende Vertiefung kann aus einer Nut oder einem Sackloch gebildet sein. Wenn demnach das Kuppelstück über das zulässige Maß hinaus verschlissen ist, ist das ursprüngliche Sackloch zur Durchgangsbohrung geworden, wodurch die das Kuppelstück handhabende Person problemlos die Unbrauchbarkeit desselben erkennen kann. Ebenso bildet die Nut bei unzulässig starkem Verschließ des Widerlagers einen deutlich sichtbaren durchgehenden Schlitz in demselben.The depression emanating from the contact surface opposite the wearing contact surface can be formed from a groove or a blind hole. Accordingly, if the coupling piece is worn beyond the permissible extent, the original blind hole has become a through-hole, as a result of which the person handling the coupling piece can easily recognize that it is unusable. Likewise, if the abutment is closed to an unacceptably high degree, the groove forms a clearly visible through slot in the abutment.
Es ist aber auch denkbar, die von der nicht oder weniger verschleißenden Anlagefläche ausgehende Vertiefung, beispielsweise die Nut oder das Sackloch, mindestens teilweise mit einer farbigen Füllung zu versehen. Wird die Farbe der Füllung sichtbar, deutet das auf die Unbrauchbarkeit des Kuppelstücks hin. In diesem Fall wird man bevorzugt eine rote Farbe verwenden, so das die Sichtbarkeit einer roten Fläche oder eines roten Punkts der das Kuppelstück handhabenden Person die Unbrauchbarkeit des Kuppelstücks anzeigt. Damit die von der weniger verschleißenden oberen Anlagefläche ausgehende Vertiefung oder das Sackloch, insbesondere die farbige Füllung in demselben, nicht auf einer Seite des Widerlagers sichtbar ist und zu Fehlinterpretationen führen könnten, ist auf der nicht oder weniger verschleißenden Anlagefläche des Widerlagers die Vertiefung bei einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des Kuppelstücks verschlossen mit einem Material in der Farbe des Widerlagers bzw. des Kuppelstücks. Beispielsweise kann ein Blei- pfropfen oder auch ein etwa mit der Farbe des Kuppelstücks oder mindestens des Widerlagers eingefärbter Kunststoff zum Verschluss mindestens eines von der nicht verschleißenden Anlagefläche ausgehenden Bereichs der Vertiefung vorgesehen sein. Ein solcher Verschluss der Vertiefung ist vor allem dann vorteilhaft, wenn die Vertiefung unterhalb des Verschlusses mit einer farbigen Füllung versehen ist.However, it is also conceivable to provide the recess, for example the groove or the blind hole, emanating from the non-or less wearing contact surface at least partially with a colored filling. If the color of the filling is visible, this indicates that the coupling piece is unusable. In this case, it is preferred to use a red color, so that the visibility of a red area or a red dot indicates to the person handling the coupling piece that the coupling piece is unusable. So that the recess or the blind hole emanating from the less wearing upper contact surface, in particular the colored filling in it, is not visible on one side of the abutment and could lead to misinterpretations, the recess on the non-wearing or less wearing contact surface of the abutment is in a preferred one Design of the coupling piece closed with a material in the color of the abutment or the coupling piece. For example, a lead grafting or a plastic colored about with the color of the coupling piece or at least the abutment for closing at least one area of the recess starting from the non-wearing contact surface. Such a closure of the depression is particularly advantageous if the depression below the closure is provided with a colored filling.
Es ist auch denkbar, dem Widerlager mehrere unterschiedlich tiefe Vertiefungen zuzuordnen. Dadurch können Grenzfälle des Verschleißes angezeigt werden, indem das Sichtbarwerden oder Nichtsichtbarsein nur einer Vertiefung die drohende Unbrauchbarkeit des Kuppelstücks signalisiert, aber das Kuppelstück noch verwendet werden kann, bis mehrere oder gar alle Vertiefungen sichtbar oder unsichtbar werden. Dieses ermöglicht eine sehr präzise Feststellung über das Ausmaß des Verschleißes des Wideriagers. Das Kuppelstück kann dadurch über eine maximal mögliche Zeitdauer eingesetzt werden. Es kommt zu keiner verfrühten Außerbetriebnahme des Kuppelstücks.It is also conceivable to assign several different depths to the abutment. In this way, limit cases of wear can be indicated by the fact that the appearance or invisibility of only one depression signals the impending unusability of the coupling piece, but the coupling piece can still be used until several or even all depressions become visible or invisible. This enables a very precise determination of the extent of wear of the counter arm. The coupling piece can thus be used over a maximum possible period of time. There is no premature decommissioning of the coupling piece.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Kuppelstücks werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. In dieser zeigen:Preferred exemplary embodiments of the coupling piece according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. In this show:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen Vorschiffsbereich eines Container- schiffs,1 is a schematic plan view of a forward section of a container ship,
Fig. 2 eine Seitenansicht eines Twistlocks,2 is a side view of a twistlock,
Fig. 3 eine Draufsicht auf das Twistlock der Fig. 2,3 is a plan view of the twistlock of FIG. 2,
Fig. 4 eine Ansicht des Twistlocks gemäß der Fig. 2 von unten,4 shows a view of the twistlock according to FIG. 2 from below,
Fig. 5 eine Seitenansicht eines in ein Bodenfundament eingesetzten Twistlocks der Fig. 2 bis 4,5 shows a side view of a twistlock of FIGS. 2 to 4 inserted into a floor foundation,
Fig. 6 eine um 90° verdrehte Seitenansicht des in das Bodenfundament eingesetzten Twistlock der Fig. 5, Fig. 7 eine Draufsicht auf das in das Bodenfundament eingesetzte Twistlock der Fig. 5 und 6,6 is a side view rotated by 90 ° of the twist lock of FIG. 5 inserted into the base foundation, 7 is a plan view of the twistlock of FIGS. 5 and 6 inserted into the base foundation,
Fig. 8 eine vergrößerte teilweise Ansicht eines Twistlocks mit einem Detektionsmittel nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, und8 is an enlarged partial view of a twistlock with a detection means according to a first embodiment of the invention, and
Fig. 9 ein Twistlock in einer Darstellung gemäß der Fig. 8 mit einem Detektionsmittel gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel.FIG. 9 shows a twistlock in a representation according to FIG. 8 with a detection means according to a second exemplary embodiment.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend erläutert im Zusammenhang mit einem Kuppelstück, das als ein Twistlock 10 ausgebildet ist. Es kann sich dabei um ein sogenanntes Semi- automatik-Twistlock 10 handeln. Solche Twistlocks 10 sind generell bekannt. Das Twistlock 10 dient dazu, an Deck eines teilweise schematisch in der Fig. 1 gezeigten Containerschiffs 11 übereinander gestapelte Container 13 zusammenzukuppeln. Die Container 13 werden vom Twistlock 10 nicht nur gegen horizontales Verschieben gesichert, sondern auch in vertikaler Richtung gegen Abheben zusammengekuppelt. Das Twistlock 10 dient aber auch dazu, den untersten Container eines jeweiligen Containerstapels mit schiffsseitigen Auflagern, beispielsweise Bodenfundamente 12 (Fig. 5 bis 7) zu verbinden. Diese Verbindung erfolgt auf gleiche Art wie die Verbindung jeweils zweier übereinander liegender Container 13.The invention is explained below in connection with a coupling piece which is designed as a twistlock 10. This can be a so-called semi-automatic twistlock 10. Such twistlocks 10 are generally known. The twistlock 10 is used to couple containers 13 stacked one above the other on the deck of a container ship 11, which is shown schematically in FIG. 1. The containers 13 are not only secured against horizontal displacement by the twistlock 10, but also coupled together in the vertical direction against lifting off. However, the twist lock 10 also serves to connect the bottom container of a respective container stack with supports on the ship side, for example floor foundations 12 (FIGS. 5 to 7). This connection takes place in the same way as the connection of two containers 13 lying one above the other.
Das Twistlock 10 setzt sich im Wesentlichen zusammen aus einem Gehäuse 14, einem darin um eine vertikale Mittelache 15 verdrehbaren Verriegelungsbolzen 16 und einem Betätigungshebel 17. Das Äußere des Gehäuses 14 ist unterteilt in drei Abschnitte, nämlich ein mittiges Widerlager 18 und zwei auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Widerlagers 18 angeordnete Mittelstücke 19 und 20. Das Widerlager 18 liegt bei aufeinander gestapelten Containern 13 zwischen benachbarten Eckbeschlägen der vom Twistlock 10 zu verbindenden Container 13. Das Widerlager 18 kann aber auch zwischen einem unteren Eckbeschlag eines unteren Containers 13 eines Containerstapels und einem Bodenfundament 12 liegen (Fig. 5 bis 7). Die Mittelstücke 19 und 20 ragen bei zusammengekuppelten Containern 13 in entsprechende Langlöcher in Eckbeschlägen der übereinander liegenden Container 13 hinein. Das untere Mittelstück 20 des Gehäuses 14 ragt bei Anordnung des Twistlocks 10 zwischen dem Bodenfundament 12 und dem unteren Container 13 eines Containerstapels in ein in Längsschiffsrichtung 21 ver- laufendes Langloch 22 in einer oberen Fundamentplatte 23 des Bodenfundaments 12 hinein (Fig. 5). Das Langloch 22 in der Bodenfundamentplatte 23 des Bodenfundaments 12 ist aus weiter unten geschilderten Gründen deutlich länger ausgebildet als das Mittelstück 20 unter dem Gehäuse 14 des Twistlocks 10. Hingegen ist das obere Mittel- stück 19 nur geringfügig kleiner ausgebildet als das Langloch im Eckbeschlag des jeweiligen Containers 13, so dass das Mittelstück 19 ein Langloch im Eckbeschlag des Containers 13 im Wesentlichen ausfüllt.The twistlock 10 essentially consists of a housing 14, a locking bolt 16 rotatable therein by a vertical central axis 15 and an actuating lever 17. The exterior of the housing 14 is divided into three sections, namely a central abutment 18 and two on opposite sides of the Abutment 18 arranged center pieces 19 and 20. The abutment 18 is in the case of stacked containers 13 between adjacent corner fittings of the container 13 to be connected by the twist lock 10. The abutment 18 can also lie between a lower corner fitting of a lower container 13 of a container stack and a base foundation 12 (Fig. 5 to 7). The center pieces 19 and 20 protrude in the case of coupled containers 13 into corresponding elongated holes in corner fittings of the containers 13 lying one above the other. When the twistlock 10 is arranged, the lower middle piece 20 of the housing 14 projects between the base foundation 12 and the lower container 13 of a container stack in a direction 21 in the longitudinal aisle. running elongated hole 22 in an upper foundation plate 23 of the ground foundation 12 into it (FIG. 5). The elongated hole 22 in the base foundation plate 23 of the base foundation 12 is, for reasons described further below, designed to be significantly longer than the middle piece 20 under the housing 14 of the twistlock 10. On the other hand, the upper middle piece 19 is only slightly smaller than the elongated hole in the corner fitting of the respective one Containers 13, so that the center piece 19 essentially fills an elongated hole in the corner fitting of the container 13.
Der Verriegelungsbolzen 16 setzt sich zusammen aus einem im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Mittelteil 24 und zwei Querriegeln 25 und 26. Der Verriegelungsbolzen 16 ist einstückig ausgebildet, wozu die Querriegel 25 und 26 an gegenüberliegenden Enden des Mitteilteils 24 angeformt sind. Mit dem Mittelteil 24 ist der Verriegelungsboizen 16 in einer Durchgangsbohrung des Gehäuses 14 um seine Mittelachse 15 drehbar gelagert. Verdreht wird der Verriegelungsbolzen 16 durch einen seitlich aus dem Widerlager 18 mit einem Betätigungsende herausragenden Betätigungshebel 17. Die beiden Querriegel 25 und 26 ragen aus gegenüberliegenden Enden des Gehäuses 14 heraus. Die Querriegel 25 und 26 befinden sich dadurch oberhalb des jeweiligen Mittelstücks 19 und 20, wodurch sie in den jeweiligen Eckbeschlag bzw. das Bodenfundament 12 eintauchen können. Dazu befindet sich mindestens ein Querriegel 25 und 26 in Deckung mit dem Mittelstück 19 bzw. 20. Durch entsprechendes Verdrehen des Verriegelungsboizens 16 durch den Betätigungshebel 17 gelangen beide Querriegel 25 oder 26 außer Deckung mit den Mittelstücken 19 und 20. Dadurch können die Querriegel 25 und 26 mit gegenüberliegenden Endbereichen von innen die Langlöcher in den Eckbeschlägen der Container 13 oder die Fundamentplatte 23 des Bodenfundaments 12 hintergreifen (Fig. 5).The locking bolt 16 is composed of an essentially cylindrical central part 24 and two crossbars 25 and 26. The locking bolt 16 is formed in one piece, for which purpose the crossbars 25 and 26 are formed on opposite ends of the central part 24. With the central part 24, the locking boizen 16 is rotatably mounted about its central axis 15 in a through hole in the housing 14. The locking bolt 16 is rotated by an actuating lever 17 protruding laterally from the abutment 18 with an actuating end. The two transverse bolts 25 and 26 protrude from opposite ends of the housing 14. The crossbars 25 and 26 are thus located above the respective middle piece 19 and 20, whereby they can be immersed in the respective corner fitting or the base foundation 12. For this purpose, there is at least one cross bar 25 and 26 in register with the middle piece 19 and 20. By appropriately rotating the locking bar 16 by the actuating lever 17, both cross bar 25 or 26 come out of coincidence with the middle piece 19 and 20. This enables the cross bar 25 and 26 with opposite end areas from behind engage the elongated holes in the corner fittings of the container 13 or the foundation plate 23 of the base foundation 12 (FIG. 5).
Moderne Containerschiffe 11 sind so ausgelegt, dass sie sich im Seegang innerhalb festgelegter Grenzen elastisch verformen. Ein solches Containerschiff 11 verwindet sich insbesondere in Längsschiffsrichtung 21 , wird also praktisch um die Längsschiffsachse tordiert. In der Fig. 1 ist schematisch (zu Darstellungszwecken übertrieben) dargestellt, wie sich Lukendeckel 27 an Deck des Schiffs infolge der Verwindung des Containerschiffs 11 verziehen. In der Fig. 1 sind strich-punkt-liniert die Umrisse verzogener Lukendeckel 27 gezeigt. Die ursprünglich eine rechteckförmige Grundfläche aufweisenden Lukendeckel 27 verfügen dann über eine rautenförmige Grundfläche, wobei die parallel zur Längsschiffsrichtung 21 verlaufenden Längsseiten 28 der Lukendeckel 27 sich gegensinnig verschieben.Modern container ships 11 are designed in such a way that they deform elastically in the sea within defined limits. Such a container ship 11 twists in particular in the longitudinal direction 21, so it is practically twisted about the longitudinal axis. 1 shows schematically (exaggerated for purposes of illustration) how hatch covers 27 on the ship's deck warp as a result of the twisting of the container ship 11. The outline of warped hatch covers 27 are shown in dash-dot-lined lines. The hatch covers 27 originally having a rectangular base surface then have a diamond-shaped base surface, the parallel to the Longitudinal direction 21 extending longitudinal sides 28 of the hatch cover 27 move in opposite directions.
In der Fig. 1 ist symbolisch ein an Deck des Containerschiffs 11 gestauter Container 13, bei dem es sich beispielsweise um einen 40'-Container handelt, dargestellt. Dieser Container 13 ist außenseitig gestaut, liegt also in der Nähe einer Bordwand 29 des Containerschiffs 1 1. Der unterste Container 13 des in der Nähe der Bordwand 29 liegenden Containerstapels ist durch die Twistlocks 10 mit nur symbolisch in der Fig. 1 dargestellten Bodenfundamenten 12 verbunden. Dabei befinden sich die Boden- fundamente 12 der in Längsschiffsrichtung 21 aufeinanderfolgenden Ecken des Containers 13 auf einem der Lukendeckel 27, während die außenseitigen Ecken des Containers 13 mit Bodenfundamenten 12 verbunden sind, die neben den Lukendeckeln 27 auf einem nicht gezeigten Längssüll des Containerschiffs 11 sich befinden.A container 13 stowed on the deck of the container ship 11, which is, for example, a 40 ′ container, is symbolically represented in FIG. 1. This container 13 is stowed on the outside, that is to say it is in the vicinity of a side wall 29 of the container ship 11. The lowermost container 13 of the container stack lying near the side wall 29 is connected by the twistlocks 10 to the ground foundations 12, which are only symbolically shown in FIG. 1 , The base foundations 12 of the consecutive corners of the container 13 in the longitudinal direction 21 of the ship are located on one of the hatch covers 27, while the outside corners of the container 13 are connected to base foundations 12 which are located next to the hatch covers 27 on a longitudinal fill of the container ship 11, not shown are located.
Die Fig. 1 verdeutlicht symbolsch, wie durch den Verzug der Lukendeckel 27 die darauf befindlichen Bodenfundamente 12 ihre Lage in Längsschiffsrichtung 21 verändern, sich nämlich vor- oder zurückbewegen. Dabei würde es zu einer Mitnahme aller Container 13 des jeweiligen Containerstapels in Längsschiffsrichtung 21 oder gegen die Längsschiffsrichtung 21 kommen, wie das symbolisch in der Fig. 1 angedeutet ist. Um diese Mitnahme zu verhindern, weisen insbesondere die Bodenfundamente 12, und zwar sowohl die Bodenfundamente 12 auf dem jeweiligen Lukendeckel 27 als auch auf dem Längssüll, sich in Längsschiffs richtung 21 erstreckende Langlöcher 22 auf, die wesentlich länger sind als das sich in Längsschiffsrichtung 21 erstreckende Maß des Mittelstücks 20 unter dem Widerlager 18 des Twistlocks 10 (vgl. Fig. 6 und 7). Das gilt sowohl für die Boden- fundamente 12 auf dem jeweiligen Lukendeckel 27 als auch auf dem Längssüll.FIG. 1 symbolically illustrates how the floor foundations 12 located thereon change their position in the longitudinal direction 21 of the ship by moving the hatch covers 27, namely moving forward or backward. This would result in entrainment of all containers 13 of the respective container stack in the longitudinal direction 21 or against the longitudinal direction 21, as is symbolically indicated in FIG. 1. In order to prevent this entrainment, the floor foundations 12, in particular both the floor foundations 12 on the respective hatch cover 27 and on the longitudinal sill, have elongated holes 22 which extend in the longitudinal vessel direction 21 and which are considerably longer than the one in the longitudinal vessel direction 21 Dimension of the middle piece 20 under the abutment 18 of the twist lock 10 (see FIGS. 6 and 7). This applies both to the floor foundations 12 on the respective hatch cover 27 and to the longitudinal sill.
Üblicherweise können die Längsränder der Lukendeckel 27 sich in Längsschiffsrichtung 21 und auch gegen die Längsschiffsrichtung 21 um jeweils 60 mm verziehen. Die Bodenfundamente 12 auf dem Lukendeckel 27 können sich also um 60 mm in Längsschiffs- richtung 21 und 60 mm gegen die Längsschiffsrichtung 21 gegenüber den Bodenfundamenten 12 auf dem Längssüll verschieben. Demzufolge sind die Langlöcher 20 in den Bodenfundamentplatten 23 der Bodenfundamente 12 auf dem jeweiligen Lukendeckel 27 und auch auf dem Längssüll um 60 mm länger als die Mittelstücke 20 der Twistlocks 10. Die entsprechend verlängerten Langlöcher 22 in den Fundamentplatten 23 der Bodenfundamente 12 gleichen also einen Verzug der Lukendeckel 27 durch eine in Längsschiffsrichtung 21 erfolgende Verwindung des Containerschiffs 11 aus. Dieser Ausgleich des Verzugs der Lukendeckel 27 erfordert eine Relativverschiebung der Bodenfundamente 12 unter den untersten Container 13 jedes Containerstapels. Da die Twistlocks 10 unter den unteren Eckbeschlägen des untersten Containers 13 im Wesentlichen unverschiebbar gehalten sind, weil das sich über dem Widerlager 18 befindliche Mittelstück 19 das Langloch im unteren Eckbeschlag des unteren Containers 13 im Wesentlichen ausfüllt, kommt es zu einer Verschiebung der Fundamentplatte 23 des Bodenfundaments 12 unter dem Widerlager 18 des Twistlocks 10. Es reiben dadurch die metallischen Oberflächen des Widerlagers 18 und der Fundamentplatte 23 im Bodenfundament 12 insbesondere in Längsschiffsrichtung 21 gegeneinander. Das führt zu einem natürlichen Verschleiß. Da es sich bei den Twistlocks 10 um lose Teile handelt, ist die Materialpaarung zwischen dem Gehäuse 14 der Twistlocks 10 und der Fundamentplatte 23 des Bodenfundaments 12 so gewählt, dass die Fundamentplatte 23 härter ist und damit nicht nennenswert verschleißt. Die Folge ist, dass die sich an der Unterseite des Widerlagers 18 des Gehäuses 14 des Twistlocks 10 befindliche untere Anlagefläche 30 des Widerlagers 18 auf der Fundamentplatte 23 des Bodenfundaments 12 verschleißt. Es handelt sich dabei um einen gezielt am Twistlock 10 herbeigeführten Verschleiß, weil dieses leichter auswechselbar ist als die Fundamentplatte 23 des fest mit dem Containerschiff 11 verbundenen Bodenfundaments 12.Usually, the longitudinal edges of the hatch covers 27 can warp in the longitudinal direction 21 and also against the longitudinal direction 21 by 60 mm in each case. The floor foundations 12 on the hatch cover 27 can therefore shift by 60 mm in the longitudinal direction 21 and 60 mm against the longitudinal direction 21 with respect to the floor foundations 12 on the longitudinal gullet. As a result, the elongated holes 20 in the base foundation plates 23 of the base foundations 12 on the respective hatch cover 27 and also on the longitudinal sill are 60 mm longer than the center pieces 20 of the twistlocks 10. The correspondingly elongated elongated holes 22 in the foundation plates 23 the ground foundations 12 thus compensate for warping of the hatch covers 27 by twisting the container ship 11 in the longitudinal direction 21 of the ship. This compensation of the warping of the hatch covers 27 requires a relative displacement of the ground foundations 12 under the lowest container 13 of each container stack. Since the twist locks 10 are kept essentially immovable under the lower corner fittings of the lowermost container 13 because the central piece 19 located above the abutment 18 essentially fills the elongated hole in the lower corner fitting of the lower container 13, there is a displacement of the foundation plate 23 of the Floor foundations 12 under the abutment 18 of the twistlock 10. As a result, the metallic surfaces of the abutment 18 and the foundation plate 23 rub against one another in the bottom foundation 12, in particular in the longitudinal direction 21 of the ship. This leads to natural wear. Since the twistlocks 10 are loose parts, the material pairing between the housing 14 of the twistlocks 10 and the foundation plate 23 of the base foundation 12 is selected in such a way that the foundation plate 23 is harder and therefore does not wear appreciably. The result is that the lower contact surface 30 of the abutment 18 located on the underside of the abutment 18 of the housing 14 of the twistlock 10 wears on the foundation plate 23 of the base foundation 12. This is a wear that is brought about specifically on the twistlock 10, because this is easier to replace than the foundation plate 23 of the floor foundation 12 firmly connected to the container ship 11.
Da das Widerlager 18 des Twistlocks 10 die Mittelstücke 19 und 20 hält, die eine Sicherung der übereinander gestapelten Container 13 gegen Horizontalverschiebung herbeiführen, ist ein Verschleiß des Widerlagers 18 nur in einem bestimmten Umfange zuverlässig. Die Dicke des Widerlagers 18 darf deshalb eine gewisse Mindestdicke 31 nicht unterschreiten, damit das Twistlock 10 in der Lage ist, Zurrkräfte aufzunehmen, die zur zuverlässigen Sicherung der Container 13 an Bord des Containerschiffs 11 mindestens erforderlich sind. Um einfach und zuverlässig sichtbar zu machen, ob das Widerlager 18 des Twistlocks 10 noch über die geforderte Mindestdicke 31 verfügt, weist das Twistlock 10 mindestens ein entsprechendes Detektionsmittel auf. In den gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen sind zwei Detektionsmittel vorgesehen, ohne dass hierauf die Erfindung eingeschränkt ist. Es reicht ein einziges Detektionsmittel pro Twistlock 10, wobei aber auch mehr als zwei Detektionsmittel vorgesehen sein können. Die Fig. 2 bis 8 zeigen eine erste Art Detektionsmittel, die als längliche Nuten 32 ausgebildet sind. Zwei gleiche längliche Nuten 32 sind einer Unterseite des Wideriagers 14 zugeordnet, und zwar auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Verriegelungsbolzens 16. Dazu gehen die Nuten 32 aus von der unteren Anlagefläche 30 des Widerlagers 18 (Fig. 8). Die gezeigten Nuten 32 verfügen über einen etwa trapezförmigen Querschnitt. Ein am Boden der jeweiligen Nut 32 sich befindender Nutengrund 33 ist eben ausgebildet. Der Nutengrund 33 verläuft mit parallelem Abstand zur unteren Anlagefläche 30. Dieser Abstand ist so gewählt, dass der Abstand des Nutengrunds 33 von der nicht oder weniger verschleißenden oberen Anlagefläche 34, worauf sich der untere Eckbeschlag des unteren Containers 13 des jeweiligen Containerstapels abstützt, der Mindestdicke 31 des Widerlagers 18 entspricht. Zur besseren Sichtbarmachung der Nut 32 ist mindestens der Nutengrund 33, vorzugsweise aber das gesamte innere der Nut 32, mit einem Farbüberzug 35 versehen. Der Farbüberzug 35 kann von einer farbigen Lackschicht gebildet sein. Diese Lackschicht verfügt vorzugsweise über gut wahrnehmbare Farbe, beispiels- weise eine Signalfarbe. Um den Farbüberzug 35 sinnfällig zu machen, kann dieser grün sein.Since the abutment 18 of the twist lock 10 holds the middle pieces 19 and 20, which secure the stacked containers 13 against horizontal displacement, wear of the abutment 18 is only reliable to a certain extent. The thickness of the abutment 18 must therefore not be less than a certain minimum thickness 31 so that the twistlock 10 is able to absorb lashing forces that are at least necessary for reliably securing the containers 13 on board the container ship 11. In order to make it easy and reliable to see whether the abutment 18 of the twistlock 10 still has the required minimum thickness 31, the twistlock 10 has at least one corresponding detection means. In the exemplary embodiments shown, two detection means are provided, without the invention being restricted thereto. A single detection means per twistlock 10 is sufficient, although more than two detection means can also be provided. 2 to 8 show a first type of detection means which are designed as elongated grooves 32. Two identical elongated grooves 32 are assigned to an underside of the abutment 14, on opposite sides of the locking bolt 16. For this purpose, the grooves 32 extend from the lower contact surface 30 of the abutment 18 (FIG. 8). The grooves 32 shown have an approximately trapezoidal cross section. A groove base 33 located at the bottom of the respective groove 32 is flat. The groove bottom 33 runs at a parallel distance from the lower contact surface 30. This distance is chosen such that the distance of the groove bottom 33 from the non-or less wearing upper contact surface 34, on which the lower corner fitting of the lower container 13 of the respective container stack is supported, the minimum thickness 31 of the abutment 18 corresponds. To make the groove 32 more visible, at least the groove base 33, but preferably the entire interior of the groove 32, is provided with a color coating 35. The color coating 35 can be formed by a colored lacquer layer. This lacquer layer preferably has an easily perceivable color, for example a signal color. In order to make the color coating 35 obvious, it can be green.
Bei dem beschriebenen Twistlock 10 sind die als Detektionsmittel dienenden Nuten 32 in der unteren Anlagefläche 30 des Widerlagers 18 sichtbar. Die Person, die das Twistlock 10 verwendet, erkennt daran, dass das Widerlager 18 (noch) über eine ausreichende Dicke verfügt, also die Mindestdicke 31 übersteigt. Insbesondere wenn mindestens der Nutengrund 33 farblich hervorgehoben ist, wird die Einsatzfähigkeit des Twistlocks sofort deutlich. Wenn die Farbe der Nuten 32 grün ist, signalisiert das der das Twistlock 10 handhabenden Person nach Art einer Ampel die Zulässigkeit eines Einsatzes dieses Twistlocks 10. Mit zunehmenden Verschleiß des Widerlagers 18 wird es von der unteren Anlagefläche 30 her dünner. Demzufolge nimmt die Tiefe der Nuten 32 ab. Dabei bleiben die Nuten 32 aber immer noch sichtbar. Erst wenn das Widerlager 18 soweit abgeschliffen ist, dass es die Mindestdicke 31 erreicht oder überschritten hat, sind auch die Nuten 32 weggeschliffen und mithin nicht mehr sichtbar. Dann ist auch die Farbe, insbesondere die grüne Farbe, der Nuten 32 nicht mehr vorhanden. Daran kann die mit dem Zurren der Container 13 beauftragte Person eindeutig die Unzulässigkeit des weiteren Einsatzes des Twistlocks 1 0 erkennen und dieses gegen ein anderes Twistlock 10 mit noch vorhandenen Nuten 32 austauschen. Die Fig. 9 zeigt ein Twistlock 10 nach einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Dieses Twistlock 10 unterscheidet sich nur hinsichtlich der Gestaltung des Detektions- mittels vom Twistlock 10 der Fig. 1 bis 8. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung des Twistlocks 10 sind die Detektionsmittel als Vertiefungen ausgebildet, die von der oberen, weniger oder gar nicht verschleißenden Anlagefläche 34 des Widerlagers 18 ausgehen. Bei diesen Vertiefungen handelt es sich um Sacklöcher 36. Die Anzahl der Sacklöcher 36 kann beliebig sein. Es reicht sogar ein einziges Sackloch 36. Jedes Sackloch 36 verfügt über eine ebene Bodenfläche 37, die parallel zu beiden Anlagenflächen 30 und 34 verläuft. Die Bodenfläche 37 des Sacklochs 36 endet vor der verschleißenden unteren Anlagefläche 30 mit einem Abstand, der dem Maß des zulässigen Verschleißes des Widerlagers 18 entspricht. Mit anderen Worten beträgt die Tiefe jedes Sacklochs 36 der Mindestdicke 31 des Widerlagers 18.In the described twistlock 10, the grooves 32 serving as detection means are visible in the lower contact surface 30 of the abutment 18. The person using the twistlock 10 can recognize from this that the abutment 18 (still) has a sufficient thickness, that is to say it exceeds the minimum thickness 31. In particular, if at least the bottom of the groove 33 is highlighted in color, the usability of the twistlock is immediately clear. If the color of the grooves 32 is green, this indicates to the person handling the twistlock 10 in the manner of a traffic light that the use of this twistlock 10 is permissible. With increasing wear on the abutment 18, it becomes thinner from the lower contact surface 30. As a result, the depth of the grooves 32 decreases. The grooves 32 still remain visible. Only when the abutment 18 has been ground down to such an extent that it has reached or exceeded the minimum thickness 31 are the grooves 32 also ground away and therefore no longer visible. Then the color, in particular the green color, of the grooves 32 is also no longer available. From this, the person responsible for lashing the containers 13 can clearly recognize the inadmissibility of further use of the twistlock 10 and can exchange it for another twistlock 10 with grooves 32 still present. 9 shows a twistlock 10 according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention. This twistlock 10 differs from the twistlock 10 of FIGS. 1 to 8 only with regard to the design of the detection means. In this configuration of the twistlock 10, the detection means are designed as depressions that protrude from the upper, less or not wearing contact surface 34 of the abutment 18 going out. These depressions are blind holes 36. The number of blind holes 36 can be as desired. A single blind hole 36 is even sufficient. Each blind hole 36 has a flat bottom surface 37 which runs parallel to both contact surfaces 30 and 34. The bottom surface 37 of the blind hole 36 ends in front of the wearing lower contact surface 30 with a distance that corresponds to the extent of the permissible wear of the abutment 18. In other words, the depth of each blind hole 36 is the minimum thickness 31 of the abutment 18.
Wenn das Widerlager 18 ausgehend von der unteren Anlagefläche 30 soweit verschlissen ist, dass die Mindestdicke 31 des Widerlagers 18 erreicht ist, sind die Bodenflächen 37 der Sacklöcher 36 weggeschliffen, sodass aus den Sacklöchem 36 Durchgangsbohrungen entstehen. Diese zeigen der das Twistlock 10 verwendende Person zuverlässig visuell das Erreichen und Überschreiten der Mindestdicke 31 des Widerlagers 18 an, sodass das Twistlock 10 gegen ein anderes ausgetauscht werden kann.When the abutment 18, starting from the lower contact surface 30, is worn to such an extent that the minimum thickness 31 of the abutment 18 is reached, the bottom surfaces 37 of the blind holes 36 are ground away, so that through holes are formed from the blind holes 36. These reliably and visually indicate to the person using the twistlock 10 that the minimum thickness 31 of the abutment 18 has been reached and exceeded, so that the twistlock 10 can be exchanged for another one.
Die Fig. 9 zeigt eine Weiterbildung des Twistlocks 10, die darin besteht, dass in jedem Sackloch 36 eine Füllung 38 angeordnet ist. Die Füllung 38 befindet sich auf der Bodenfläche 37 jedes Sacklochs 36. Bei der Füllung 38 kann es sich um ein farbiges Material handeln, beispielsweise ein roten Kunststoff. Die Füllung 38 erstreckt sich nur über einen Teil der Tiefe des jeweiligen Sacklochs 36. Oberhalb der Füllung 38 ist jedes Sackloch 36 ausgefüllt mit einer Abdeckung 39. Diese Abdeckung 39 ist aus einem Material gebildet, das der Farbe des üblicherweise metallischen Gehäuses 14 zur Bildung des Widerlagers 18 entspricht. Beispielsweise kann es sich um Blei, Zinn oder ein sonstiges leicht schmelzbares metallfarbenes Material handeln. Es kann die Abdeckung 39 für jedes Sackloch 36 aber auch aus einem metallfarbig eingefärbten Kunststoff gebildet sein.FIG. 9 shows a further development of the twistlock 10, which consists in that a filling 38 is arranged in each blind hole 36. The filling 38 is located on the bottom surface 37 of each blind hole 36. The filling 38 can be a colored material, for example a red plastic. The filling 38 extends only over part of the depth of the respective blind hole 36. Above the filling 38, each blind hole 36 is filled with a cover 39. This cover 39 is formed from a material that matches the color of the usually metallic housing 14 to form the Abutment 18 corresponds. For example, it can be lead, tin or some other easily meltable metal colored material. The cover 39 for each blind hole 36 can also be formed from a metal-colored plastic.
Die Abdeckungen 39 verdecken die farbigen Füllungen 39 in den Sacklöchern 36. Beim noch einsatzfähigen Twistlock 10 ist deshalb weder auf der unteren Anlagefläche 30 noch auf der oberen Anlagefläche 34 die als Detektionsmittel dienende farbige Füllung 38 sichtbar. Erst wenn das Widerlager 18 soweit abgeschliffen ist, dass es nur noch die Mindestdicke 31 aufweist, werden an der unteren Anlagefläche 30 die farbigen Füllungen 38 in den Sacklöchern 36 sichtbar. Insbesondere wenn die Füllungen 38 eine rote Farbe aufweisen, signalisiert das nach Art einer Verkehrsampel die nicht mehr zulässige Verwendung des Twistlocks 10, weil das Widerlager 18 eine Dicke aufweist, die der Mindestdicke 31 entspricht oder sogar schon geringer ist. Aufgrund der unterschrittenen Mindestdicke 31 würde das Twistlock 10 die vorgeschriebene Festigkeit nicht mehr aufweisen, sodass es gegen ein neues Twistlock 10 oder ein solches, bei dem das Widerlager 18 noch über die Mindestdicke 31 verfügt, auszutauschen ist.The covers 39 cover the colored fillings 39 in the blind holes 36. When the twistlock 10 is still usable, the colored filling 38 serving as a detection means is therefore neither on the lower contact surface 30 nor on the upper contact surface 34 visible. Only when the abutment 18 is ground down to such an extent that it only has the minimum thickness 31, are the colored fillings 38 in the blind holes 36 visible on the lower contact surface 30. In particular, if the fillings 38 have a red color, this signals in the manner of a traffic light that the twistlock 10 is no longer permitted because the abutment 18 has a thickness that corresponds to the minimum thickness 31 or is even less. Because the minimum thickness 31 is less than that, the twistlock 10 would no longer have the prescribed strength, so that it must be replaced by a new twistlock 10 or one in which the abutment 18 still has the minimum thickness 31.
Die Erfindung eignet sich nicht nur für die zuvor beschriebenen Twistlocks 10; vielmehr für alle üblicherweise zum Stauen von Containern 13 an Bord von Schiffen, und zwar nicht nur Containerschiffen 11 , eingesetzte Kuppelstücke. Das können neben Twistlocks 10 Staustücke sein, die nur zur Sicherung der Container 13 gegen horizontales Verschieben dienen, die Container 13 aber nicht in vertikaler Richtung zusammenkuppeln. Auch eignet sich die Erfindung für Kuppelstücke, die zwar auch zum Zusammenkuppeln übereinander gestapelte Container dienen, diese also auch in vertikaler Richtung verbinden, aber keine verdrehbaren Querriegel aufweisen und somit nicht als Twistlocks zu bezeichnen sind. Es handelt sich hierbei um sogenannte Stacker oder auch Fixing cones, die ebenfalls über ein Widerlager 18 zwischen zwei übereinander gestapelten Containern oder ein Bodenfundament 12 unter dem Container 13 eines Containerstapels dienen. Schließlich kann die Erfindung auch bei Doppelstaustöcken Verwendung finden, die z. B. zwischen zwei kurzen 20' Containern angeordnet werden, um diese zu einer 40' Containereinheit zu verbinden. Diese verfügen über ein längliches, plattenartiges Widerlager, das sich zwischen übereinanderiiegenden Eckbeschlägen an benachbarten Stirnseiten hintereinander liegender Container erstreckt.The invention is not only suitable for the twistlocks 10 described above; rather, for all the coupling pieces usually used for stowing containers 13 on board ships, and not just container ships 11. In addition to twistlocks, these can be 10 stowage pieces which only serve to secure the container 13 against horizontal displacement, but do not couple the container 13 together in the vertical direction. The invention is also suitable for coupling pieces which, although also used for coupling together stacked containers, thus also connect them in the vertical direction, but have no rotatable crossbars and are therefore not to be referred to as twistlocks. These are so-called stackers or also fixing cones, which also serve via an abutment 18 between two containers stacked one above the other or a base foundation 12 under the container 13 of a container stack. Finally, the invention can also be used with double sticks which, for. B. between two short 20 'containers to connect them to a 40' container unit. These have an elongated, plate-like abutment that extends between stacked corner fittings on adjacent end faces of containers one behind the other.
Die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Detektionsmittel können prinzipiell bei allen zur Zurrung von Containern verwendeten Kuppelstücken vorgesehen sein, und zwar unabhängig davon, wo die Container 13 an Bord des Schiffs gestaut sind und welche Größe sie aufweisen. 22. März 2005/7119The detection means provided according to the invention can in principle be provided in all coupling pieces used for lashing containers, regardless of where the containers 13 are stowed on board the ship and what size they are. March 22, 2005/7119
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
10 Twistlock 39 Abdeckung10 Twistlock 39 cover
11 Containerschiff11 container ship
12 Bodenfundament12 floor foundation
13 Container13 containers
14 Gehäuse14 housing
15 Mittelachse15 central axis
16 Verriegelungsbolzen16 locking bolts
17 Betätigungshebel17 operating lever
18 Widerlager18 abutments
19 Mittelstück19 center piece
20 Mittelstück20 center piece
21 Längsschiffsrichtung21 Longitudinal direction
22 Langloch22 slot
23 Fundamentplatte23 foundation plate
24 Mittelteil24 middle section
25 Querriegel25 crossbars
26 Querriegei26 cross bar
27 Lukendeckel27 hatch cover
28 Längsseite28 long side
29 Bordwand29 drop side
30 Anlagefläche (untere)30 contact surface (lower)
31 Mindestdicke31 minimum thickness
32 Nut32 groove
33 Nutengrund33 groove base
34 Anlagefläche (obere)34 contact surface (upper)
35 Farbüberzug35 color coating
36 Sackloch36 blind hole
37 Bodenfläche37 floor area
38 Füllung 38 filling

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Kuppelstück zum Stauen von Containern (13) an Bord von Schiffen, insbesondere Containerschiffen (11), mit einem Widerlager (18) zwischen übereinanderliegendenden Containern (13) oder einem Container (13) und einem schiffsseitigen Auflager, vorzugsweise einem Bodenfundament (12), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Wider- lager (18) mindestens ein Detektionsmittel zugeordnet ist, das beim verschleißbedingten Erreichen einer Mindestdicke (31) des Widerlagers (18) entweder beseitigt ist oder sichtbar in Erscheinung tritt.1. coupling piece for stowing containers (13) on board ships, in particular container ships (11), with an abutment (18) between containers (13) lying one above the other or a container (13) and a ship-side support, preferably a floor foundation (12) , characterized in that at least one detection means is assigned to the abutment (18), which is either eliminated or appears visibly when a minimum thickness (31) of the abutment (18) is reached due to wear.
2. Kuppelstück nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Detektionsmittel wenigstens einer Anlagefläche (30; 34), vorzugsweise nur einer einzigen2. Coupling piece according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one detection means at least one contact surface (30; 34), preferably only one
Anlagefläche (30 bzw. 34), des Widerlagers (18) am Eckbeschlag eines Containers (13) oder auf dem schiffsseitigen Auflager (Bodenfundament 12) zugeordnet ist.Contact surface (30 or 34) of the abutment (18) on the corner fitting of a container (13) or on the ship-side support (floor foundation 12) is assigned.
3. Kuppelstück nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Detektionsmittel nur der am stärksten verschleißenden Anlagefläche (30) des Widerlagers (18) zugeordnet ist, vorzugsweise einer unteren Anlagefläche (30).3. Coupling piece according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one detection means is assigned only to the most wearable contact surface (30) of the abutment (18), preferably a lower contact surface (30).
4. Kuppelstück nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Detektionsmittel aus mindestens einer Vertiefung, in einer Anlagefläche (30, 34) des Widerlagers (18) gebildet ist, wobei die Tiefe der Vertiefung dem Maß des zulässigen Verschleißes des Widerlagers (18) bis zum Erreichen der Mindestdicke (31) entspricht.4. Coupling piece according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection means is formed from at least one depression, in a contact surface (30, 34) of the abutment (18), the depth of the depression being the measure of the permissible wear of the abutment (18 ) until the minimum thickness (31) is reached.
5. Kuppelstück nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass jede Vertiefung aus einer Nut (32), einem Sackloch oder einem randseitigen5. Coupling piece according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each recess consists of a groove (32), a blind hole or an edge
Absatz in der Anlagefläche (30) des Widerlagers (18) gebildet ist, und vorzugsweise die jeweilige Vertiefung, insbesondere die Nut (32) oder dergleichen farbig ist oder farbig gemacht ist. Heel is formed in the contact surface (30) of the abutment (18), and preferably the respective recess, in particular the groove (32) or the like is colored or made colored.
6. Kuppelstück nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Detektionsmittel aus mindestens einer von der nicht oder geringer verschleißenden Anlagefläche (34) ausgehenden Vertiefung gebildet ist, die mit Abstand vor der verschleißenden (unteren) Anlagefläche (30) endet.6. Coupling piece according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection means is formed from at least one recess extending from the non-or less wearable contact surface (34) which ends at a distance in front of the wearing (lower) contact surface (30).
7. Kuppelstück nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vertiefung mit einem Abstand von der verschleißenden Anlagefläche (30) endet, der dem Maß des Verschleißes des Widerlagers (18) bis zum Erreichen der Mindestdicke (31) entspricht.7. Coupling piece according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recess ends at a distance from the wearing contact surface (30) which corresponds to the degree of wear of the abutment (18) until the minimum thickness (31) is reached.
8. Kuppelstück nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die jeweilige Vertiefung als ein Sackloch (36) ausgebildet ist, dessen Tiefe der Mindestdicke (31) des Widerlagers (18) entspricht, wobei das jeweilige Sackloch (36) vorzugsweise eine ebene Bodenfläche (37) aufweist.8. coupling piece according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective recess is designed as a blind hole (36), the depth of which corresponds to the minimum thickness (31) of the abutment (18), the respective blind hole (36) preferably having a flat bottom surface (37).
9. Kuppelstück nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sackloch (36) mindestens teilweise mit einer farbigen Füllung (38) versehen ist.9. coupling piece according to claim 8, characterized in that the blind hole (36) is at least partially provided with a colored filling (38).
10. Kuppelstück nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Füllung (38) im Sackloch (36) an ihrem zur (oberen) Anlagefläche (34) weisenden Ende mit einer10. coupling piece according to claim 9, characterized in that the filling (38) in the blind hole (36) at its (upper) contact surface (34) facing end with a
Abdeckung (39) versehen ist, die vorzugsweise etwa die Farbe des Widerlagers (18) aufweist.Cover (39) is provided, which preferably has approximately the color of the abutment (18).
11. Kuppelstück nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass dem Widerlager (18) mehrere unterschiedlich tiefe Vertiefungen zugeordnet sind, wobei mindestens eine Vertiefung bis zur Mindestdicke (31) des Widerlagers (18) reicht, während die anderen Vertiefungen derart abweichend bemessen sind, dass sie vor Erreichen der Mindestdicke (31) des Widerlagers (18) entweder beseitigt sind oder sichtbar in Erscheinung treten. 11. Coupling piece according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment (18) is assigned a plurality of depressions of different depths, at least one depression extending to the minimum thickness (31) of the abutment (18), while the other depressions differ in this way are dimensioned so that they are either eliminated or appear visibly before the minimum thickness (31) of the abutment (18) is reached.
EP05716305A 2004-03-29 2005-03-22 Coupling part for stowing containers on board ships Not-in-force EP1730053B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004016278A DE102004016278A1 (en) 2004-03-29 2004-03-29 Coupling piece for stowing containers on board ships
PCT/EP2005/003060 WO2005097627A1 (en) 2004-03-29 2005-03-22 Coupling part for stowing containers on board ships

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1730053A1 true EP1730053A1 (en) 2006-12-13
EP1730053B1 EP1730053B1 (en) 2008-08-27

Family

ID=34962338

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05716305A Not-in-force EP1730053B1 (en) 2004-03-29 2005-03-22 Coupling part for stowing containers on board ships

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1730053B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE406328T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102004016278A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005097627A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU180921U1 (en) * 2016-12-12 2018-06-29 "Головное специализированное конструкторское бюро вагоностроения имени Валерия Михайловича Бубнова" Butterfly Valve
US11958682B2 (en) 2022-07-21 2024-04-16 Steven B. Hunter Automatic container interlock apparatus and methods of use

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3613538A1 (en) * 1986-04-22 1987-10-29 Conver Osr Ozean Service Repar Coupling piece
DE8816253U1 (en) * 1988-12-20 1990-04-19 Behr, Peter, 2000 Hamburg, De
AUPN857796A0 (en) * 1996-03-11 1996-04-04 Nyholm, Ture A semi-automatic twistlock
JP3633749B2 (en) * 1997-04-24 2005-03-30 大洋製器工業株式会社 Container connector

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2005097627A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE406328T1 (en) 2008-09-15
DE102004016278A1 (en) 2005-10-20
DE502005005192D1 (en) 2008-10-09
EP1730053B1 (en) 2008-08-27
WO2005097627A1 (en) 2005-10-20

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