EP1725837A1 - Systeme de capteurs magnetiques - Google Patents

Systeme de capteurs magnetiques

Info

Publication number
EP1725837A1
EP1725837A1 EP05701536A EP05701536A EP1725837A1 EP 1725837 A1 EP1725837 A1 EP 1725837A1 EP 05701536 A EP05701536 A EP 05701536A EP 05701536 A EP05701536 A EP 05701536A EP 1725837 A1 EP1725837 A1 EP 1725837A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gap
magnetic
sensor arrangement
magnetic sensor
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05701536A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rasmus Rettig
Christian Bauer
Birgit Vogelgesang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102004063539A external-priority patent/DE102004063539A1/de
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1725837A1 publication Critical patent/EP1725837A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/147—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the movement of a third element, the position of Hall device and the source of magnetic field being fixed in respect to each other

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magnetic sensor arrangement, in particular for sensing the movement of linearly or rotationally moved elements, according to the generic features of the main claim.
  • magnetic field-sensitive sensors are used in many areas in which contactless detection of a movement is desired. This can be both a rotational movement and a linear movement.
  • the movement can be determined directly by the time-changing magnetic field at the sensor location.
  • passive transmitter elements which consist of a soft magnetic material
  • the magnetic field is generated by a working magnet which is firmly connected to the sensor. The sensor measures the change in the magnetic field of the working magnet, which is caused by the movement of the encoder elements.
  • XMR sensors In addition to the Hall technology for magnetic field measurement which is known per se, so-called XMR technologies, ie magnetoresistive measuring principles, are also increasingly being used in the case of passive sensor elements in the motor vehicle sector. It should be noted that XMR sensors, in contrast to Hall sensors, detect the so-called "in-plane" component of the magnetic field in the sensor element. XMR sensors previously used use a working magnet, the field of which must be adjusted so that the offset at the location of the sensitive element is zero, or a so-called back bias field is generated that defines the working point of the sensor.
  • DE 101 28 135 AI describes a concept in which a hard magnetic layer nearby, i.e. is deposited in particular on and / or under a magnetoresistive layer stack.
  • This hard magnetic layer then couples mainly to the magnetosensitive layers through its stray field and thereby generates a so-called bias magnetic field, which acts as a magnetic field offset, so that even with only a slight variation of an external magnetic field superimposed on the internal magnetic field, a well measurable and relatively large one Change in the actual measured value, which is detected as a change in resistance in the layer arrangement, can be achieved.
  • the sensors described above are often designed in a manner known per se for speed detection, for example in motor vehicle technology, in a so-called gradiometer arrangement.
  • the sensor thus only measures the signal of a magnetic pole wheel whose pole pair spacing corresponds approximately to the predefined gradiometer spacing.
  • the gradiometer principle in contrast to the absolutely measuring XMR elements, the sensitivity of the sensors to homogeneous interference fields can be reduced.
  • a comparison of the magnets previously used so that the offset can be eliminated at both locations of the sensor elements of the gradiometer arrangement can no longer be carried out here; Electronic adjustment is possible in principle, but here there is a relatively small signal with a large offset.
  • the magnetic sensor arrangement according to the invention has two sensor elements in a gradiometer arrangement, each of which is assigned to one of two magnetic regions of a gap permanent magnet arranged at a predetermined distance. These areas and the entire gap permanent magnet are advantageously arranged with regard to the dimensions, the gap width and the gap shape, the gap depth and their positions in relation to the sensor elements such that the offset of the output signal of the sensor elements in the gradiometer alignment is minimized.
  • the design of a magnetic circuit that has a working field for one the gradiometer principle, ie generated with a detection of the field gradient sensor is optimized and thus enables offset-free operation of the sensor with variation of the magnetic field by moving encoder elements, in particular ferromagnetic gearwheels.
  • the magnetic circuit was composed of two areas, the fields of which overlap so that the so-called "in-plane" components of the resulting magnetic field, or the working field in the sensitive x-direction in the case of XMR sensors, at the gradiometer positions be reduced so that they vary around the zero position due to the influence of the passive encoder elements. This means that very small signals can be detected without offset.
  • the single-component gap magnet according to the invention is of simpler construction and less expensive to manufacture.
  • the gap of the gap magnet has a wedge-shaped or another curved contour.
  • This gap shape means that the offset optimization in the magnetic circuit is not reduced to the two gradiometer positions, but takes place over a wide area parallel to the surface of the magnet or a flux guide disk. This results in significantly reduced positioning requirements for the gradiometer position of the XMR sensor element with regard to the magnet arrangement.
  • the gap of the gap permanent magnet it is also possible for the gap of the gap permanent magnet to have a rectangular contour.
  • flux guide disks are arranged as homogenizing plates between the sensor elements and the magnetic areas. This homogenizes the field in the plane of the sensor elements and reduces the necessary positioning accuracy of the sensor elements compared to the magnet pair for offset-free operation.
  • the magnetization of the regions is rotated by a predetermined angle ⁇ in each case deviating from its longitudinal direction facing the sensor elements.
  • This premagnetization which is caused by the oblique position of the field, ensures that the sensor elements are located in a magnetic field in which the sensitivity is maximal due to a so-called bias field.
  • an arrangement of the aforementioned homogenizing plates is advantageously possible.
  • the invention can be used particularly advantageously in a magnetic sensor arrangement for detecting the angle of rotation of a wheel as a transmitter element, the wheel, for example as a steel wheel, being provided with teeth on its periphery for influencing the magnetic field in the region of the magnetic sensor arrangement.
  • speed sensors on the wheel or on the crankshaft there are areas of application as speed sensors on the wheel or on the crankshaft, as phase sensors on the camshaft, as speed sensors in the transmission or as other linear travel, angle or proximity sensors in which the magnetic field changes are induced by moving metallic elements , drawing
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic view of a magnetic sensor arrangement with two magnetic areas, which are part of a one-component gap permanent magnet and which are each opposite a magnetoresistive sensor element in a gradiometer arrangement,
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement expanded compared to FIG. 1 with flow guide disks as homogenizing plates
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a magnetic sensor arrangement with two individual magnets which, as a modification to FIG. 1, have an angled magnetic field
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment according to FIG. 3 with homogenizing plates corresponding to FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 5 shows a view of a magnetic sensor arrangement for a sensor wheel provided with steel teeth
  • FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the course of the magnetic field as a function of the position of a tooth or a tooth gap of the sensor wheel according to FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 7 shows a basic view of an exemplary embodiment of the magnetic sensor arrangement with a gap permanent magnet, which, in modification of the previously described described embodiments has a wedge-shaped gap,
  • FIG. 8 shows an arrangement with a flux guide disk that is expanded compared to FIG. 7,
  • FIG. 9 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the wedge-shaped gap is arranged in a compact flow guide disk
  • FIG. 10 shows an exemplary embodiment that has magnetic fields angled away from FIG. 7,
  • FIG. 11 shows an arrangement expanded with respect to FIG. 10 with a flow guide disk
  • FIG. 12 shows an exemplary embodiment with an angled magnetic field, in which the wedge-shaped gap is arranged in a compact flux guide disk
  • Figure 13 is a view of a magnetic sensor arrangement with a wedge-shaped gap for a sensor wheel provided with steel teeth and
  • FIG. 14 shows a diagram of the course of the magnetic field as a function of the position of a tooth or a tooth gap of the sensor wheel according to FIG. 13.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic view of a magnetic sensor arrangement 1 which has a permanent magnet designed as a split magnet 2.
  • the gap magnet 2 has magnetic on both sides of a gap 3 in the same direction. areas 4 and 5, whose respective magnetic field B is aligned with field lines indicated here in the direction of a sensor 6.
  • the sensor 6 is designed here as an XMR sensor and has two magnetoresistive sensor elements 7 and 8.
  • the sensor elements 7 and 8 are shown in a gradiometer arrangement with the gradiometer distance GM and detect the changes in the respective field gradient, which are caused, for example, by a metallic sensor element, for example a gearwheel shown in FIG. 5, which is guided past the magnetic sensor arrangement 1.
  • the optimal working point of the sensor 6 is set via the distance between the individual magnets 4 and 5, defined by the gap width sa and the gap depth st, and can be adapted to the gradiometer distance GM of the sensor elements 7 and 8. Furthermore, the field line profiles depend on the dimensions h, b and t of the gap magnet 2. For a fixed gradiometer distance GM, e.g. 2.5 mm, can be determined here, for example, by the size, material and arrangement of the gap magnet 2 in such a way that the sensor 6 operates without offset and thus can detect signals that are as small as possible in order in turn to allow the greatest possible distance from a transmitter element.
  • GM e.g. 2.5 mm
  • the magnetic field lines of the magnetic sensor arrangement 1 run such that a small so-called “in-plane” component exists to the outside at the location of the sensor elements 7 and 8.
  • the magnetic field is varied, with the "in-plane” components around the zero position be modulated and thus generate an offset-free signal of the gradiometer arrangement.
  • FIG. 2 An exemplary embodiment can be seen in FIG. 2, in which, in a modification of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, additional homogenizing plates 9 and 10 are attached between the surfaces of the magnetic regions 4 and 5 and the sensor 6.
  • the field in the plane of the sensor 6 is homogenized with the homogenizing plates 9 and 10 and the necessary positioning accuracy of the sensor 6 with respect to the magnet pair or the areas 4 and 5 is reduced for offset-free operation.
  • the sensor elements 7 and 8 require constant bias. This premagnetization ensures that the sensor elements 7 and 8 are in a magnetic field in which the sensitivity is at a maximum. This so-called bias field is realized in each case with an embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • this bias field is generated by rotating the magnetization B in the regions
  • FIG. 5 shows a section of a model in which the magnetic sensor arrangement 1 according to the invention, for example according to FIG. 1, is used in connection with a sensor wheel 11 which is provided with teeth 12. -lü ⁇
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of a gap magnet 20 which is particularly favorable for achieving the advantages according to the invention and which has a wedge-shaped gap 21.
  • FIG. 7 shows the gap magnet 20 and its position relative to the sensor elements 7 and 8 in a gradiometer arrangement in a manner comparable to that in FIG. 1. The optimum working point is set here via the special shape and the dimensions of the wedge-shaped gap 21.
  • a variant of the gap magnet 20, which is provided with a flux guide disk 22 which adapts to the shape of the gap 21, can be seen from FIG.
  • FIG. 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of a magnet 23, in which, instead of a suitably shaped gap 21 in the gap magnet, a specially shaped flux guide disk 24 on the surface of the rectangular magnet 23 for insertion sentence is coming. Due to the properties of the soft magnetic material of the flux guide disk 24, the field in the plane of the sensor elements 7 and 8 is shaped differently than in the case of a pure magnet, the x component (cf. FIG. 7) of the magnetic field being minimized over wide x ranges.
  • the sensor elements 7 and 8 may cause a constant premagnetization.
  • This premagnetization ensures that the sensor elements 7 and 8 are in a magnetic field in which the sensitivity is at a maximum. This can be brought about by a “bias field” according to FIG. 10 and subsequently also according to FIGS. 11 and 12 by rotating the magnetization B in the magnets 20 and 23, respectively.
  • FIG. 10 shows an arrangement without a flow guide disk (see FIG. 7)
  • FIG. 11 shows an arrangement with a flow guide disk 22 (see FIG. 8)
  • FIG. 12 shows an arrangement with a compact flow guide disk 24 with an integrated gap 21 (see FIG. 9).
  • FIG. 13 shows a section of an arrangement that is comparable to FIG. 5 and with which magnetic field simulations for designing the wedge shape of the gap 21 of the flux guide disk 24 can be carried out.
  • the shape of the gap 21 is of great importance, geometries which differ from the rectangular shape being particularly advantageous. As shown in FIGS. 7 to 14, this can be a wedge-shaped gap 21 or any curved shape of the gap.
  • the optimized shape of the gap 21 ensures an offset reduction of the magnetic field B in the gradiometer direction not only at the two positions of the sensor elements 7 and 8 but also over a wide range, so that the required positioning accuracy of the gradiometer in relation to the magnet 20 can be significantly reduced.
  • a simulation result is again shown in FIG. 14 as an example.
  • the x component of the B field (Bx) is plotted here over the gradiometer position x relative to the center of the sensor. It can be seen that the amount of the offset of the magnetic field B is smaller than lmT over a wide range. It can also be seen here that the course of the magnetic field Bx for the two simulated positions of the encoder wheel 11 (tooth 12, course 25) and the gap (course 26)) takes place symmetrically around the zero position, that is to say that the signal of the respective one Sensor element 7,8 is offset-free. The magnetic stroke as the difference between the tooth and gap position, however, remains high.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de capteurs magnétiques (1) contenant des éléments capteurs (7, 8) sensibles au champ magnétique, dont les propriétés électriques peuvent être modifiées en fonction d'un champ magnétique pouvant être influencé par un transmetteur passif mobile (11). Ledit système de capteurs magnétiques (1) comporte deus éléments capteurs (7, 8) disposés à la manière d'un gradiomètre, respectivement affectés à une des deux zones magnétiques (4, 5) disposées à un espace prédéfini (sa), d'un aimant permanent conçu en tant qu'aimant à fente (2, 20, 23). La forme par exemple cunéiforme, les dimensions (h, b, t), la largeur de fente (sa), la profondeur de la fente (st) et les positions des zones (4, 5) et de l'aimant à fente (2, 20, 23) par rapport aux éléments capteurs (7, 8) sont choisies de telle manière que le décalage du signal de sortie des éléments capteurs (7, 8) est minimisé dans le gradiomètre.
EP05701536A 2004-03-11 2005-01-18 Systeme de capteurs magnetiques Withdrawn EP1725837A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004011810 2004-03-11
DE102004063539A DE102004063539A1 (de) 2004-03-11 2004-12-30 Magnetsensoranordnung
PCT/EP2005/050185 WO2005088259A1 (fr) 2004-03-11 2005-01-18 Systeme de capteurs magnetiques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1725837A1 true EP1725837A1 (fr) 2006-11-29

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05701536A Withdrawn EP1725837A1 (fr) 2004-03-11 2005-01-18 Systeme de capteurs magnetiques

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US8120351B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1725837A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005088259A1 (fr)

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US8120351B2 (en) 2012-02-21
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