EP2137498A2 - Dispositif destine a enregistrer la vitesse de rotation d'un element rotatif - Google Patents

Dispositif destine a enregistrer la vitesse de rotation d'un element rotatif

Info

Publication number
EP2137498A2
EP2137498A2 EP08735644A EP08735644A EP2137498A2 EP 2137498 A2 EP2137498 A2 EP 2137498A2 EP 08735644 A EP08735644 A EP 08735644A EP 08735644 A EP08735644 A EP 08735644A EP 2137498 A2 EP2137498 A2 EP 2137498A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
magnetic field
sensor elements
pole
magnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08735644A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kurt Beck
Steffen Haefelein
Patrick Calandrini
Claus Bischoff
Martin Gerhaeusser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2137498A2 publication Critical patent/EP2137498A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/487—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by rotating magnets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for detecting the rotational speed of a rotatable member according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • Devices for detecting the rotational speed of rotatable parts are used in the motor vehicle industry in various forms, for example as wheel speed sensors, camshaft sensors or crankshaft sensors.
  • the related measurement principles are diverse, with non-contact systems have proven to be robust to high temperatures and contamination and thus particularly advantageous.
  • devices which use magnetic-field-sensitive sensor elements such as, for example, Hall sensor elements, field plate sensors or magnetoresistive sensors such as AMR or GMR sensors are also used for this purpose.
  • the magnetic field-sensitive sensor element is arranged in the vicinity of a rotor which rotates at the rotational speed of that part whose speed is to be detected.
  • magnetically active Polium with alternately arranged North Poles and South Poles are used as rotors, since due to the magnetism of the own Polders the sensor element can be arranged at a greater distance from the rotor, which is more diverse applications allowed.
  • the sensors detect the change in the magnetic flux density or field direction and determine a speed from this.
  • a device for detecting the rotational speed of a rotatable member having the features of the O-term concept of claim 1 is known for example from the journal "Bosch - Yellow Series, technical information, electrical and electronics for motor vehicles, sensors in the motor vehicle", 1st edition, June 2001, ISBN-3-7782-2031-4, page 47.
  • the known device uses a magnetic pole wheel with alternately arranged north poles and south poles and sensor means comprising a Hall sensor element which is driven with a rotational movement of the pole wheel with alternating polarity and generates an electrical signal from which the speed of the rotatable part rotating with the pole wheel.
  • sensors for detecting the speed only a limited number of north and south poles can be arranged on the circumference of the flywheel.
  • the individual poles Since with a very large number of poles, the individual poles are getting smaller, the magnetic field weakens greatly in the radial direction with respect to the axis of rotation of the pole wheel. Therefore, the individual poles must be sized sufficiently large to be able to detect a sufficiently large magnetic field at a distance from the flywheel. Furthermore, it must be considered that at the same speed and an increasing number of circumferentially arranged poles, the frequency of the magnetic field change at the location of the sensor means increases sharply. However, the commonly used Hall sensor elements can not process very high frequencies reliably enough. For this reason, in practice, a minimum distance between the center of a north pole and an adjacent south pole of the pole wheel does not fall below.
  • Differential Hall sensors are also known from the publication cited above, which have two Hall sensor elements arranged at a distance from one another, which are used in combination with a magnetically passive rotor, in particular a gear wheel, as a speed sensor.
  • the distance of the Hall sensors corresponds to half the tooth spacing of the gear.
  • the differential Hall sensors used here as sensor means have a permanent magnet, which is homogenized with a thin ferromagnetic plate, which completely covers one pole of the permanent Magneten and on the surface of two magnetic field sensitive sensors are arranged.
  • the device according to the invention with the characterizing features of independent claim 1 combines the advantages of sensor means having two magnetic field sensitive sensor elements which allow by detecting the magnetic field strength difference at the location of the two sensor elements reliable determination of the speed, with the advantages of a magnetically active pole wheel which allows a magnetic field detection at a greater distance from the pole wheel.
  • the sensor means are therefore arranged with respect to the axis of rotation of the flywheel at a radial distance from the flywheel, which is at least as large that is excluded from contact with the flywheel, and which may be at most so large that the sensor elements still a sufficiently large field strength to capture.
  • the maximum distance of the sensor means from the pole wheel represents a limitation of the design freedom, which is given to the developer.
  • the invention is based on the finding that the course of the field lines of a magnetic pole wheel at the location of the two sensor elements of a sensor means, which operates on the differential measuring principle, is not optimal without further measures. This is due to the fact that on the one hand, the distance of a magnetic north pole center of an adjacent Südpolmitte on the circumference of the pole should not exceed a predetermined by the upper limit of the number of poles minimum distance of typically 10 mm and on the other hand, the two magnetic field sensitive sensor elements are not arranged at an arbitrarily large distance from each other can be.
  • the sensor elements are inexpensively manufactured on a common chip, or on the market available sensor means are used which use two arranged on a common chip, such as a Hall IC chip Hall sensors. Due to the limitation of the chip size to an economically producible maximum dimension and the distance of the two sensor elements is limited. Typical distances of the magnetic field-sensitive sensor elements are therefore in the order of magnitude of 2.5 mm and are significantly smaller than the distance of a Nordpolmitte from an adjacent Südpolmitte the pole wheel.
  • the magnetic field lines in a rotational position of the pole wheel, in which the first sensor elements facing a north pole and the second sensor element faces an adjacent south pole relatively flat. That is, the extending in the radial direction, perpendicular to the sensor surface of the sensor elements oriented and therefore relevant for the evaluation magnetic field component is relatively small, whereas the tangential to the flywheel extending magnetic field component, which is oriented parallel to the sensor surface and is less relevant for the evaluation, relatively large is.
  • the signal evaluated by the sensor means is not optimal, since the tangential field component at the location of the two sensor means is greatest at just that rotational position which should actually deliver the largest signal swing for signal evaluation.
  • the field line profile can advantageously be changed such that the magnetic field component perpendicular to the sensor surface of the two sensor elements is significantly increased in comparison to a sensor means without ferromagnetic flux guide.
  • a sensor means providing two spaced apart magnetic field sensitive sensor elements - A - and a ferromagnetic flux guide, a larger signal than without the ferromagnetic flux guide.
  • the improved signal acquisition has many beneficial effects on degrees of freedom in the application specific design of the device.
  • the sensor means form a differential signal, in particular a differential voltage signal, of the output signals generated by the two sensor elements, wherein the sensor elements are preferably Hall sensor elements.
  • the difference signal formation avoids fluctuations in the distance of the sensor means from the pole wheel leading to signal distortion.
  • the sensor elements each have a sensor surface facing the pole wheel, the magnetic field generated by the pole wheel having at least a first rotational position of the pole wheel perpendicular to the respective sensor surface and extending parallel to the sensor surface magnetic field component and wherein by the ferromagnetic Flow conductor is perpendicular to the respective sensor surface extending magnetic field component is increased at least in the first rotational position.
  • the first sensor element is preferably facing a magnetic north pole and the second sensor element faces an adjacent south magnetic pole of the pole wheel.
  • the sensor means advantageously comprise a sensor body, for example a chip with an integrated circuit, on which the two sensor elements are arranged.
  • the sensor elements are arranged spatially between the pole wheel and the flux guide.
  • the field lines are guided almost vertically through the sensor elements and improves the signal detection.
  • the distance between the rotor and sensor means can be increased, which allows greater freedom in the structural design of the device for detecting the speed.
  • the ferromagnetic flux guide is arranged spatially between the pole wheel and the sensor elements. This advantageously achieves that the direction of the field lines is reversed relative to the sensor elements. As a result, with sensor elements with direction of rotation output, a conversion of the signal evaluation of Counterclockwise rotation or vice versa by arranging the ferromagnetic flux guide to be adjusted. A rotation of the sensor means with respect to the pole wheel is not required for this purpose.
  • Plate-shaped flux conductors which are arranged in a plane parallel to a common plane of the sensor elements have proved particularly suitable.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structure of a known from the prior art device for detecting the rotational speed of a rotatable part, not shown
  • Fig. 2a shows a device with a flywheel and two sensor elements and serves the
  • FIG. 2b shows components of the magnetic field of FIG. 2a at the location of a sensor element
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a first embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically a second embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 5 shows the course of the output signal for the devices shown in Fig. 2a, 3 and 4.
  • the device comprises a magnetic flywheel 2 with north poles 4 and south poles 5 arranged alternately over the circumference.
  • the flywheel is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation 3 and coupled with that part whose rotational speed is to be determined.
  • the pole wheel can be arranged fixedly in relation to the rotatable part.
  • a Hall sensor element is used, which will be arranged at a distance from the flywheel, which must not fall below a minimum distance Cmin not to touch the pole, and a maximum distance Cmax must not exceed, so that the Hall sensor still detects a sufficiently large magnetic field and the speed can be detected without error.
  • the magnetic field is indicated in FIG. 1 by field lines 10.
  • Decisive for the size of the output signal of the Hall sensor element is the portion of the magnetic field perpendicular to the magnetic field sensitive surfaces of the Hall sensor element passes. For a single Hall sensor element, this is approximately the case when the Hall sensor element is exactly opposite the center of a north pole or south pole.
  • Fig. 2a serves to understand the invention. Shown is a sensor means 6, which has two magnetic field sensitive sensor elements 7 and 8, which are arranged at a distance a from each other.
  • the illustration is only schematic, which is why the flywheel for the sake of simplicity is not shown curved and the axis of rotation directed perpendicular to the paper plane is not shown.
  • the sensor elements 7, 8 of the sensor means 6 may in particular be Hall sensor elements. But it may also be other magnetic field sensitive elements, such as field plate sensors.
  • the sensor elements 7, 8 each deliver a voltage signal as an output signal and each have a first sensor surface 7a, 8a and a second sensor surface 7b, 8b facing away from it.
  • the sensor elements 7, 8 are arranged on a common sensor body 9, so that the first sensor surfaces 7a, 8a and the second sensor surfaces 7b, 8b are each arranged in a common plane, which is preferably oriented parallel to the rotation axis 3 of the pole wheel 2 ,
  • the output signals of the two sensor elements are voltage signals, from which a differential voltage signal is formed.
  • the electronic circuit required for this purpose can be integrated in the sensor body 9, for example in the form of an IC.
  • FIG. 2a that rotational position ⁇ O of the pole wheel is shown, in which the sensor means 6 just detect the transition region from a north pole to a south pole.
  • the first sensor element 7 is a north pole and the second sensor element 8 facing a south pole or vice versa. Due to the opposing orientation of the magnetic field lines at the location of the first sensor element 7 and the second sensor element 8, the greatest differential voltage signal, that is to say the amplitude of the differential voltage signal, is expected for this rotational position.
  • the field lines 10 at the location of the two sensor elements 7 and 8 are relatively flat at this rotational position. As shown in FIG.
  • the magnetic field has an orientation M at the location of the sensor element 7, which has a relatively large tangential component Mt and a relatively small vertical component Ms.
  • the vertical component Ms is relevant, since only this passes vertically through the magnetic field sensitive sensor surfaces 7a, 7b.
  • FIG. 5 shows the course of the differential voltage signal of the sensor means 6 for the device shown in FIG. 2 a through the course of the curve 20.
  • the abscissa represents the time t and the ordinate the differential voltage signal ⁇ U.
  • the time t2 corresponds the time at which the flywheel just assumes the rotational position shown in Fig. 2 ⁇ O with respect to the sensor elements 7 and 8.
  • the time tl corresponds to a previously traversed rotational position in which in Fig. 2 of the illustrated North Pole 4 and South Pole 5 would have to be reversed. In Fig. 5 it can be seen that the amplitude of the curve 20 is relatively small.
  • the field lines would indeed pass less flat through the sensor elements 7 and 8, but can from the already verxnten Because of this ratio can not be adjusted arbitrarily.
  • the maximum distance between the two sensor elements 7 and 8 is about 2.5 mm, whereas the distance from Nordpolmitte to Südpolmitte 10 mm barely below, and the sensor means can be arranged away from the flywheel 8.5 mm.
  • the sensor means 6 With a reduction of the distance b of the poles, the sensor means 6 would have to be arranged closer to the pole wheel 2 due to the then weaker magnetic field.
  • An increase in the distance a of the sensor elements is likewise unsuitable since the sensor means are produced on a semiconductor basis and a large increase in the distance a would considerably increase the cost of the sensor means.
  • the sensor means 6 is provided with a ferromagnetic flux guide 11.
  • the ferromagnetic flux guide 11 is plate-shaped applied to the common sensor body 9 of the sensor means 6 and with respect to the flywheel 2 behind the sensor elements 7 and 8, that is, the sensor elements 7 and 8 are between arranged the flywheel 2 and the flux conductor 11.
  • the plate-shaped ferromagnetic flux conductor 11 of soft magnetic substrate covers almost the entire side facing away from the pole wheel of the sensor body 9.
  • the flux conductor 11 is preferably formed in its lateral extent so large that it the sensor elements 7 and 8 on the side remote from the flywheel 2 back the sensor body 9 covered.
  • the magnetic field lines 10 are deformed by the plate-shaped flux guide.
  • the field lines 10 emerging from the north pole 4 are bent at the location of the first sensor element 7 to the flux conductor 11 arranged behind the sensor element 11, so that they penetrate the sensor surfaces 7a and 7b close to vertical.
  • the field lines are bundled and exit at the end in the region of the second sensor element 8 in the direction of the south pole 5 again, wherein the sensor surfaces 8a and 8b are also penetrated substantially perpendicularly.
  • the vertical component Ms of the magnetic field at the location of the sensor elements 7 and 8 is increased and the tangential component Mt is reduced.
  • the result can be seen in FIG. 5 on the basis of the curve 21.
  • the amplitude of the differential voltage signal is significantly increased by the amount d at the time t2 or t1, ie in the periodically recurring times relevant to the signal evaluation. This avoids signal errors more reliably. Furthermore, it is possible due to the stronger signal to increase the maximum distance Cmax between the flywheel and the sensor means, which allows more freedom in the structural design of the device for speed detection.
  • FIG. 1 A second embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG.
  • the ferromagnetic flux guide is arranged on the side of the sensor body 9 of the sensor means 6 facing the pole wheel 2.
  • the flux guide 11 is spatially arranged between the pole wheel 2 and the sensor elements 7, 8.
  • the ferromagnetic flux guide is plate-shaped and covers in its lateral extent the sensor elements 7 and 8.
  • the field lines 10 are bent so that from the north pole 4 exiting field lines on the side facing away from the pole 2 of the sensor means in the sensor surface 7b of the first sensor element 7 and exit from the sensor surface 7a again.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Indicating Or Recording The Presence, Absence, Or Direction Of Movement (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif destiné à enregistrer la vitesse de rotation d'un élément rotatif, lequel dispositif comprend une roue polaire magnétique, mobile en rotation, pouvant être accouplée à l'élément rotatif, laquelle roue présente des pôles sud et des pôles nord magnétiques placés de façon alternée sur le pourtour de la roue, ainsi que des moyens de détection présentant un élément de détection sensible au champ magnétique, lequel élément détecte le champ magnétique produit par la roue polaire. Selon l'invention, les moyens de détection présentent deux éléments de détection sensibles au champ magnétique, placés à une certaine distance l'un de l'autre, et un conducteur de flux ferromagnétique.
EP08735644A 2007-04-18 2008-04-01 Dispositif destine a enregistrer la vitesse de rotation d'un element rotatif Withdrawn EP2137498A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200710018238 DE102007018238A1 (de) 2007-04-18 2007-04-18 Vorrichtung zur Erfassung der Drehzahl eines rotierbaren Teils
PCT/EP2008/053871 WO2008128857A2 (fr) 2007-04-18 2008-04-01 Dispositif destiné à enregistrer la vitesse de rotation d'un élément rotatif

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2137498A2 true EP2137498A2 (fr) 2009-12-30

Family

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EP08735644A Withdrawn EP2137498A2 (fr) 2007-04-18 2008-04-01 Dispositif destine a enregistrer la vitesse de rotation d'un element rotatif

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2137498A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007018238A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008128857A2 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
WO2008128857A3 (fr) 2009-02-05
DE102007018238A1 (de) 2008-10-23
WO2008128857A2 (fr) 2008-10-30

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