Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
  • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/16—Feed pretreatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/22—Controlling or regulating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
  • B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
  • C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
  • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
  • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
  • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
  • C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
  • C02F3/1273—Submerged membrane bioreactors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
  • B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
  • B01D2315/06—Submerged-type; Immersion type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
  • B01D2321/18—Use of gases
  • B01D2321/185—Aeration
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
  • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

• Plant and method for treating faecal sludge and membrane unit Plant and method for treating faecal sludge and membrane unit
• the present invention relates to a system for fecal sludge treatment with a fecal receiving station and a membrane unit for sewage treatment, which has a membrane module and a cistern arranged below the membrane module with an air connection, can be blown through the purge air between vertically arranged plates of the membrane module.
• the membrane module has a wastewater inlet and a sludge and permeate outlet.
• the invention relates to a plant for wastewater treatment with a corresponding membrane unit and a plant controller and a method for operating a corresponding plant.
• the cleaned wastewater is fed to an ultrafiltration through a membrane unit, it can also be used for further use.
• the accumulated faecal sludge must be removed from the sedimentation pits at regular intervals and require intensive cleaning. Central fecal sludge treatment is ideal for this.
• a membrane module for filtering the waste water is known, for example, from European patent application EP 1 016 449 A2.
• the membrane described there module has filter bags, which are arranged side by side on a support plate. Above a filtrate collecting space is a floor with openings running transversely to the filter pockets in the area of indentations, which lead the filtrate to a collecting space and a filtrate outlet.
• Such filters are provided for ultrafiltration to separate germs and solids from waste water.
• the disadvantage here is that the filter bags are occupied relatively quickly when used in coarsely polluted wastewater and are therefore impaired in their functionality.
• the membrane module therefore requires a relatively large amount of maintenance.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a system for treating faecal sludge which cleans, removes and processes the faecal sludge as environmentally friendly as possible. Another task is to use a membrane module for the purification of waste water and to minimize the maintenance effort of the membrane module.
• a system for treating faecal sludge according to the invention has a faecal receiving station and a device for separating sludge and filtrate.
• the device is assigned a container for collecting the dewatered sludge and the filtrate as a buffer. After the container for the filtrate, an aeration tank and secondary clarifier connected to this tank are provided.
• the filtrate is treated biologically in the aeration tank with an activated sludge mixture and thus brought to an extremely low pollutant value.
• the COD values can be reduced down to the discharge values for receiving water.
• the filtrate can be subjected to ultrafiltration in a membrane unit and then used for further use, for example as process water. This can significantly reduce the drinking water requirement of a household.
• a membrane unit according to the invention for clarifying waste water has a membrane module and a cistern with an air connection arranged below the membrane module. Purge air is blown in through the cistern between filter plates of the membrane module, which are often arranged vertically, whereby the plates of the membrane module are cleaned of dirt particles and sludge adhering to them. The rinsing air rinses the filter plates of the membrane module with air and thus swirls the wastewater flowing along the filter plates, preventing these sludge and dirt particles from adhering to the filter plates. In this way, the filters remain permeable to the wastewater cleaned over the filter plates.
• the membrane module has a waste water inlet and a sludge outlet and a permeate outlet.
• the wastewater is divided into a sludge fraction and a permeate fraction in the membrane module.
• the permeate is removed from the membrane module via the permeate outlet, while the separated sludge is removed from the membrane module via a separate outlet.
• the separated sludge can then be sent to a sewage treatment plant.
• a screen is provided between the cistern and the membrane module for distributing the purge air.
• the purge air is distributed through the sieve to the entire membrane module, so that the cleaning effect of the membrane module covers the entire membrane module.
• the membrane module remains functional for a very long time, since the filter plates are not clogged with sludge.
• a sieve is provided at the wastewater inlet in the membrane module, larger suspended matter is kept away from the membrane module and likewise leads to a reduction in the contamination of the filter plates.
• the arrangement of a sieve to distribute the purge air and the waste water inlet leads the waste water turbulently along the filter plates and thus prevents dirt particles from adhering to the filter plates.
• a perforated plate has proven to be particularly advantageous as a corresponding sieve according to the invention.
• a perforated plate which is made in particular of stainless steel, is easy to manufacture and enables a good turbulent flow of the purge air and the waste water supplied.
• a mesh sieve and / or a slotted sieve can also be used between the cistern and membrane module and on the waste water inlet. Also sieve constructions of this type enable an advantageous flow of air and water, in order to achieve a cleaning effect on the filter plates.
• the flow is particularly advantageously influenced if the screen for the waste water inlet is arranged above the screen for the air supply. A flow is thereby obtained which supports the waste water supply and has a very advantageous influence on the flow of waste water along the plates and the passage of the cleaned permeate through the filter plates.
• the screen for the wastewater inlet is arranged essentially vertically and the screen for the air supply essentially horizontally, the distribution effect of the purge air and the turbulent flow of the wastewater inlet are particularly advantageously supported.
• An aerator for supplying oxygen to bacteria in the wastewater is advantageously assigned to the membrane unit.
• the membrane unit can be used in an aeration tank and as a complete unit can treat the wastewater.
• Such a self-sufficient membrane unit is therefore able to be used in a septic tank in which waste water is collected. It can be used in an existing or new pit or container. It can be used in a conventional multi-chamber pit as well as in a single pit that has been converted to an aeration tank with the membrane unit.
• the wastewater is aerated with fine bubbles.
• the aerator is also easy to manufacture and, if it is designed to be flexible, for example, can be individually adapted to the shape of the container or the sewage pit in which the membrane unit is used.
• the aerator is not flexible, it is advantageous if the position of the aerator in relation to the membrane unit can be changed in all directions.
• pivoting or lengthening the aerator is advantageous in order to align it optimally with respect to the membrane unit and to adjust it to the local conditions in the sewage pit or the container.
• Openings are advantageously provided in the cistern to allow sludge to escape. Sludge can pass through the sieve, which is arranged between the membrane module and the cistern according to the invention, which would accumulate in the cistern. The openings through which the sludge can escape back into the waste water are provided for this purpose.
• the openings are advantageously arranged at the lower end of the cistern, so that the sludge is removed from the cistern without additional aids. The purge air is usually sufficient to remove the sludge through these openings.
• the membrane unit can be inserted into a sewage pit or a container without having to carry out essential conversion measures in the pit or the container.
• the membrane unit can be arranged largely completely pre-assembled on the support frame and can in particular be retrofitted into existing pits. It is particularly advantageous if the carrying frame is designed to be hung or placed in a container, in particular in a sewage pit.
• the support frame thus positions the membrane unit optimally in relation to the sewage pit. Special fixings in the wall of the sewage pit or the container are not necessary.
• the carrying frame with the membrane unit can simply be lowered into the sewage pit or the container.
• the support frame has a device for adjusting the height of the membrane unit.
• the membrane unit is optimally positioned both when the carrying frame with the membrane unit is attached or when it is parked.
• a plant for waste water treatment according to the invention has a membrane unit which generates a clarified permeate from the waste water, which was separated from the suspended matter in the waste water.
• a permeate pump is connected to a permeate line of the membrane unit. The permeate pump removes the clear water from the membrane unit via the permeate line and pumps it via a drain line for further use, for example as useful water in a household.
• the cleaned wastewater can of course also be fed into the groundwater.
• the plant for wastewater treatment according to the invention also has a system controller which, among other things, controls the operation of the permeate pump.
• the system has at least one container with a waste water inlet.
• a water level meter is arranged in the container.
• the system control is connected to the permeate pump and the water level meter. Depending on the water level in the container, the permeate pump is activated, the permeate pump being switched on or off, operated with a different delivery rate and / or an additional permeate pump being activated.
• the permeate pump in the container which will usually be a sewage pit, it is ensured that the membrane unit does not dry out, which could damage the filter in the membrane unit. It also ensures that the wastewater pit does not overflow, since the flow rate can be set differently via the system control.
• a further permeate pump is activated when it is determined via the water level meter that the sewage pit has exceeded a certain filling quantity. This reliably prevents the pit from overflowing.
• the system control in connection with the water level meter and the different flow rate of the permeate from the container with the help of a change in the flow rate of the permeate pump or the activation of an additional permeate pump leads to a system that works independently and requires little maintenance.
• the particular advantage of the system according to the invention is that the water level in the container can be kept at a certain level not only by switching a specific permeate pump on and off, but rather by influencing the delivery rate of the permeate pump or the additional activation of a permeate pump. As a result, the membrane module is operated gently and therefore requires little maintenance.
• a particular advantage of the system according to the invention is that the delivery amount can be set to a small required delivery rate. This protects the membrane module.
• the filter plates of the membrane module are not burdened by an unnecessarily high suction to extract the cleaned wastewater.
• the functionality of the system is maintained over a very long period.
• the system has only a single container, in particular a pit for coarse materials and waste water.
• the system according to the invention can also be advantageously operated in a single pit.
• Multi-chamber pits as are usually used for a coarse sludge removal before the wastewater is cleaned in a biological stage, are not required. Nevertheless, the system according to the invention can of course also be used in a multi-chamber pit.
• the tank in particular the last pit in the case of a multi-chamber pit, is an aeration tank.
• the activated sludge contained in it cleans the waste water, which is separated from the sludge via the membrane module or membrane unit.
• a flow meter is provided in the permeate line, which is connected to the system control, the delivery of the permeate pump can be controlled in this way.
• the flow meter sends a signal to the system control which corresponds to the current flow rate. This can be used, for example, to determine whether the permeate pump is working properly. In addition, it is a sign of whether the membrane unit is still sufficiently permeable to the cleaned wastewater or whether special measures, for example maintenance of the system or a cleaning cycle, have to be carried out.
• a filter is provided in the permeate line.
• the filter which is arranged in particular in front of the permeate pump, brings about a reduction in the delivery rate if it is contaminated. Contamination can occur, for example, if the membrane unit no longer works properly, for example because a plate filter of the membrane unit has been destroyed.
• the filter used reduces the flow rate, which means that a corresponding signal can be sent to the system controller via the flow meter.
• the permeate pump is a self-priming pump. Special measures for operating the permeate pump when the container is empty or when the permeate pump is operated for the first time can thus be dispensed with. Of course, the system can also be operated with a non-self-priming pump, even if this is not the most advantageous version.
• the tank is activated by a corresponding oxygen supply to the microorganisms.
• the membrane module is cleaned via the air supply to the cistern and the aerator, which means that little maintenance of the membrane module is required.
• the water level meter is advantageously designed as a float.
• the float scans the surface of the waste water in the tank and sends a corresponding signal to the system controller.
• a further drain line from the permeate pump is provided to increase the pump output.
• This drain line is opened or closed as required and thus increases or decreases the delivery rate of the permeate pump.
• the permeate pump is always operated at the same speed.
• the flow rate of the permeate pump is only influenced by a variation of the permitted discharge quantity.
• the further drain line has a controllable shut-off valve, then it can be opened, closed or its cross-section influenced.
• the flow rate of the permeate pump can also be influenced by a throttle valve which is provided in the discharge line or lines.
• the control system triggers a fault signal.
• the interference signal can either be displayed optically or acoustically on the system. However, it is also possible to transmit the interference signal remotely, for example via a mobile telephone network. Appropriate measures can then be taken become. These measures can be, for example, a blockage of the inlet or an alarm for maintenance personnel.
• a container or a waste water pit is used as the aeration tank.
• the last pit is operated as an aeration tank.
• a membrane module is used in the tank or the pit to separate purified wastewater and activated sludge.
• the wastewater is biologically cleaned using oxygen and microorganisms.
• the activated sludge-clear water mixture is physically separated by means of an ultrafiltration membrane of the membrane module and the clear water is sucked off by means of a permeate pump.
• the operation of the permeate pump is controlled as a function of the water level in the container and the permeate pump is switched on or off, operated with different delivery rates and / or an additional permeate pump is activated in order to bring about an increased delivery rate from the container.
• the different delivery rates result in a more or less rapid partial emptying of the pit or the container in which the membrane unit is arranged.
• the emptying is carried out with particular care in relation to the membrane module. If the inflow into the container is only slight, the removal will also take place with only a small delivery quantity.
• the filters in the membrane unit are only slightly loaded and the service life is significantly increased, since the suction of the filters takes place only with a lower force.
• the delivery rate of the permeate pump is increased or an additional permeate pump is activated.
• the level in the container can hereby be quickly reduced to a desired size.
• the permeate pump is switched off to a first lower water level, it is ensured that the membrane unit does not dry out and the activation tank is always filled with sufficient water. Only when this first lower water level is exceeded, the permeate pump is operated with a normal delivery rate. This operating state is maintained until a second higher water level is reached in the tank. Above this second higher water level, the permeate pump is operated with an increased delivery rate, as a result of which the cleaned waste water is pumped out of the container more quickly. An attempt is therefore made to return to the normal state between the first lower and the second higher water level, since this is the cheapest for the aeration tank and for the membrane unit.
• a third water level can be determined, which is above the second. This third water level can signal that the inlet must be stopped to prevent the pit from overflowing.
• the flow rate of purified wastewater can also be increased by opening a further drain line from the permeate pump when the second higher water level is exceeded. This makes it possible that the permeate pump is always operated at the same engine speed, but the delivery rate is changed by varying the discharge line from the permeate pump. This can be achieved by opening the further drain line from the permeate pump.
• control of the delivery rate is not necessarily tied to certain fixed water levels.
• a change in the delivery rate of the permeate pump can also be adapted continuously or in several finer stages to the water level.
• an aerator of the container is operated as a function of the water level.
• the activation tank is thereby supplied with oxygen in a targeted manner and in particular has the effect that waste water to be cleaned is fed to the membrane module.
• the aerator also has the effect that, in a membrane unit with a sieve, the sieve is cleaned by the turbulent flow of the wastewater to be cleaned and is not clogged with suspended matter.
• the aerator can thus also be used very substantially to clean the membrane unit, which as a result requires less frequent maintenance. If a purge air of the membrane unit is operated as a function of the water level, the purge air can clean the membrane unit again and again, particularly at a low water level at which the permeate pump has been stopped, so that the filter plates remain ready for use.
• the functionality of the system is checked with a flow meter, it can be determined with relatively simple means whether the membrane unit or, for example, a control filter in the permeate line is blocked or damaged. Especially if the membrane unit has a defective filter plate, more contamination in the permeate line, i. H. can be found in the wastewater that has been purified per se. If a safety filter is installed in the permeate line, it will be very quickly filled with suspended matter and reduce the flow through the permeate line. The flow meter will register this and can send a corresponding signal to the system control or keep it ready for retrieval.
• a fault indicator is activated when the system malfunctions.
• the fault indicator can, for example, use a mobile phone to instruct a maintenance service to remedy the fault. Lines can also be shut off, for example, or the system can be put into a troubleshooting mode in which the system tries to rectify the error itself.
• the cleaning program advantageously causes the permeate pump and / or the aeration and / or the purge air to be operated with breaks. This is to try to make a clogged sieve or occupied filter plates again.
• the permeate pump and / or the aeration and / or the purge air is stopped at least temporarily. This prevents any existing damage from being increased.
• ventilation is at least at least continue to be operated temporarily to continue supplying the aeration tank with oxygen.
• the turbidity measurement is carried out with a sight glass which is arranged in the permeate line.
• the sight glass can be checked, for example, by a maintenance person.
• the turbidity measurement can also be carried out photometrically, which in turn can generate a signal which can be used to infer a certain error.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a plant for treating faecal sludge according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows schematically an inventive plant for wastewater treatment
• FIG. 3 shows a membrane unit according to the invention
• FIG 4 is a schematic representation of the control of the plant for waste water treatment according to the invention.
• a plant for faecal sludge treatment with the various connections and facilities is outlined.
• a faecal receiving station domestic and commercial wastewater as well as rainwater and sludge, which are delivered, for example, from decentralized fecal pits, are collected.
• these faecal sludges also contain other contaminants such as rags, hygiene articles, leaves, stones, etc.
• these solids are separated from the sewage sludge in a coarse material cleaning system 2.
• the coarse materials 3 are then disposed of, for example, in a landfill or an incineration plant.
• Faeces 4 which are still separated from the coarse material cleaning system 2 are fed to a faeces store 5. These mechanically cleaned facal sludges still have a large amount of waste water. The faeces are therefore fed to a sludge dewatering 6. Due to the sludge dewatering, a separation between the solids 8 and liquids 9 contained in the faeces 4 is carried out.
• the sludge dewatering takes place, for example, with a screw press. In the screw press, the sludge is continuously dewatered by increasing pressure build-up in the screw.
• the solids 9 of the dewatered sludge are usually present in a crumbly consistency after the dewatering process and, like the coarse substances 3, are disposed of in a landfill or incineration plant or fed to a further recycling facility via a composting plant.
• liquid filtrate 9 is removed from the sludge dewatering system 6.
• the filtrate 9 is again collected in a container 10. If necessary, filtrate 9 is removed from the filtrate container 10 and fed to an aeration basin 11. In the aeration tank 11, the solid residues of the filtrate 9 are hygienized or conditioned and the pre-cleaned water is treated biologically.
• the activated sludge mixture of the aeration tank 11 flows into a secondary clarifier 12, where the sedimentation process separates the heavy sludge from the pure water.
• a secondary clarifier 12 On the surface of the secondary clarifier 12, largely cleaned wastewater is returned to the receiving water.
• Thickened sludge 14 is returned from the sole to the aeration tank 11 or fed again to the faecal storage 5.
• the filter 13 is preferably a cloth filter in which a needle felt product is stretched over a drum and largely removes the remaining solid particles from the cleaned waste water.
• This filtration sludge 14 is preferably returned to the faecal storage 5 and can be fed to the container 7 in the sludge dewatering 6. A feed into the activated sludge basin 11 is also possible.
• the filtrate can also be clarified by a membrane system.
• the membrane unit can be used in a multi-chamber pit, and the filtrate can also be clarified only in a single container with a membrane unit.
• the secondary clarifier 12 there is also a removal device 15 of floating sludge and a retention device 16 of floating output. This ensures that when the sludge level rises and the hydraulic load increases, sludge can be prevented from entering the receiving water.
• all of the floating and sinking substances are to be removed from the activated sludge water mixture, in order to enable waste water to be released as pollutant-free as possible.
• a multi-chamber pit 101 of a decentralized wastewater treatment plant is shown schematically in FIG. This is, for example, an existing multi-chamber pit 101, which was previously used to collect waste water.
• the wastewater passes through an inlet 102 into a first chamber of the multi-chamber pit 101, which serves as a settling pit for coarse sludge removal.
• a first chamber of the multi-chamber pit 101 which serves as a settling pit for coarse sludge removal.
• the wastewater which is still permeated with coarse sludge, runs into a second middle pit which serves as a settling and buffer tank. More coarse sludge is deposited here.
• the settled sludge must be regularly removed from the pits and can be cleaned in a plant for the treatment of faecal sludge.
• the membrane unit 103 and the float 104 are inserted into the existing last pit, whereby the existing multi-chamber pit 101 can be used further, and the dirt particles and nutrients contained in the waste water is broken down from a living sludge with the supply of air and converted into biomass.
• the membrane unit separates cleaned wastewater and activated sludge.
• the float 104 is used to determine the level of the water in the last pit, which is decisive for the operation of the membrane unit 103.
• the membrane unit 103 essentially consists of a cistern 105 and a membrane module 106. If necessary, air is blown into the cistern 105 by means of a purge air line 107, which air passes through the cistern 105 into the membrane module 106.
• the cistern 105 and the membrane module 106 are separated from one another by means of a sieve 108.
• the unpurified waste water enters at the lower end and is u. a. due to the purge air moved from bottom to top through the membrane module 106 and cleaned with the help of the filters located therein.
• the sludge exits the membrane module 106 and in turn reaches the pit, while the cleaned waste water which has flowed through the filter is removed from the pit via a permeate line 109.
• a further sieve 110 is provided for sucking in the still unpurified waste water at the lower end of the membrane module 106, which removes coarse suspended matter from the unpurified waste water in order not to contaminate the filters in the membrane module 106 excessively with dirt.
• the individual filters are cleaned by the purge air, which flows through the cistern 105 through the membrane module 106, since a particularly turbulent flow arises along the filter and thus prevents dirt particles from adhering to the filter surfaces.
• the last basin of the multi-chamber pit 101 is designed as an aeration basin.
• An aerator 111 is assigned to the membrane unit 103 to supply the microorganisms with oxygen.
• the aerator 111 leads oxygen through an aeration line 112 into the aeration tank and, through a corresponding arrangement with respect to the membrane unit 103, swirls in front of the sieve 110. This swirling of the waste water in front of the sieve 110 means that the sieve 110 also remains free of dirt particles and thus not clogged.
• the maintenance of the membrane unit 103 is therefore very low because it is largely self-cleaning.
• FIG. 3 schematically shows a membrane unit 103.
• the membrane module 106 is connected to the cistern 105.
• the sieve 108 is arranged between the cistern 105 and the membrane module 106, through which air, which is introduced into the cistern 105 via the purge air line 107, flows into the membrane module 106. By flowing the air into the membrane module 106, waste water is also introduced into the membrane module 106 via the sieve 110.
• the sieve 108 distributes the purge air flow to the entire membrane module 106 and swirls the wastewater that has flowed into the membrane module 106.
• a filter plate 113 shown here only roughly schematically, is repeatedly cleaned of dirt adhering to it and thus remains permeable to the cleaned waste water.
• the sieve 110 has the effect that coarse dirt particles which are present in the waste water are retained by the membrane module 106. Only fine dirt must be prevented from adhering to the filter plate 113.
• the filter plate 113 is usually not designed as shown here. More precise versions of the membrane module 106 with the filter plates 113 located therein can be found, for example, in EP 1 016 449 A2. Of course, other versions of the membrane module 106 can also be used in the present invention.
• the cistern 105 In order to be able to remove dirt which penetrates into the cistern 105 through the sieve 108 again from the cistern 105, the cistern 105 has openings 114 at its lower end. The dirt is washed out of the cistern 105 out of these openings 114 and thus cannot clog the cistern 105 and the strainer 108. While the sludge remains on the waste water side of the membrane module 106, the cleaned waste water penetrates through the filter plate 113. The retained sludge is led out of the membrane module 106 via an upper opening 115 of the membrane module. The cleaned waste water is removed via the permeate line 109 from the membrane module 106 and thus from the pit.
• the aerator 111 is assigned to the membrane unit 103.
• the aerator 111 is connected to the ventilation line 112.
• the position of the aerator 111 in relation to the cistern 105 and the membrane module 106 can be changed in position via connections 116.
• the aerator 111 can be rotated as well as its length can be changed, whereby the sieve 110 is flushed with air bubbles when the aerator 111 is positioned accordingly, and thus suspended matter attached to it is removed from the sieve 110.
• the aerator 111 which on the one hand provides the aeration tank with oxygen, serves in a second function for self-cleaning of the membrane unit 103.
• further aerators can be installed in the pit.
• the membrane unit 103 is arranged on a support frame 117. In this way, it can be hooked into an existing pit or an existing container and, if necessary, its height can be adjusted by means of an appropriate adjusting device. The membrane unit 103 can be completely removed from the pit for maintenance. Retrofitting existing pits is easily possible with this design. Instead of a support frame 117, which is provided for hanging in the pit as shown here, it is of course also possible to use a support frame which is provided with feet and can be placed in the pit.
• FIG. 4 shows a diagram of how a system according to the invention can be operated.
• the membrane unit 103 with the cistern 105 and the membrane module 106 is shown schematically in a container or a pit 101 ′.
• a float 104 which determines the water level of the waste water in the pit 101 '.
• Air is blown into the cistern 105 via a fan 120 and the purge air line 107.
• the aerator 111 receives the ventilation air via the ventilation line 112 and a fan 121.
• the cleaned waste water is sucked off via the permeate line 109 and a filter 122 by means of a permeate pump 123.
• the permeate drawn off at the permeate pump 123 is pumped out through a drain line 124 and a flow meter 125.
• a valve 126 is arranged on the drain line 124, which valve can change the flow through the drain line 124.
• a further drain line 127 is provided parallel to the drain line 124 and also has a valve 128.
• the drain line 127 and / or the valves 126 and 128 are opened more or less as required to allow a certain flow.
• the water level in the pit 101 ' is influenced by this change in the flow and thus the delivery rate of the pump 123. If the water level is too high, the delivery rate of the pump 123 is increased, for example by opening the drain line 127 in addition to the drain line 124.
• the drain line 127 is shut off, for example, or one or both of the valves 126 and 128 are closed further in order to reduce the delivery rate of the pump 123.
• the pump 123 can continue to run at a single speed. The delivery rate depends on the total size of the drain lines 124 and 127.
• a controller 130 monitors and controls the system according to the invention. Depending on the water level, which is transmitted from the float 104 to the controller 130, the pump 123 is switched on or off. If the float 104 determines, for example, that the water level Si has been reached, the pumping operation is stopped. At a water level S 2 it is signaled that more permeate should be pumped out, which is why the drain line 124 and / or 127 is enlarged or switched on. By opening the valves 126 and 128, the delivery rate of the pump 123 is increased and more permeate is pumped out of the pit 101 '. To increase the delivery rate it can also be provided that a further permeate pump is switched on.
• the supply of purge air and ventilation air is controlled.
• the fans 120 and 121 are switched on or off. In a cleaning operation, they can also be operated independently of the pump 123.
• the fan 121 provides the oxygen supply to the activation tank in the pit 101 ', while the fan 120 promotes purging air into the cistern 105 and the membrane module 106 and thus causes the transport of the waste water through the membrane module 106.
• the fans 120 and / or 121 can be operated with pauses in order to continue to supply the activation tank with oxygen and to avoid or regularly cover the membrane module 106 or its filter to solve.
• the flow meter 125 and the filter 122 are provided to determine a fault. If, for example, the membrane module 106 is damaged, so that unpurified waste water enters the permeate line 109, the filter 122 will clog very quickly or at least significantly reduce the flow. This is signaled to the controller 130 by the flow meter 125, whereupon an interference signal is sent via the controller 130 to a signal generator 131, which informs, for example, maintenance personnel. In addition, the controller 130 can initiate a malfunction, in which an interval-like flush is first attempted to clean the filters in the membrane module 106. If this does not lead to success, it is assumed that maintenance actually has to be carried out.
• the signal generator 131 can send a corresponding signal, for example by radio, via a mobile telephone network or a fixed telephone network, to a corresponding central maintenance point.
• a corresponding signal for example by radio
• the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown. Combinations of the individual exemplary embodiments with one another are also possible.
• the membrane system in particular, it is also possible to combine different lines, such as the purge air line 107 and the ventilation line 112, onto a single fan.
• the two lines 107 and 112 can be actuated, for example, by means of additional valves which can be actuated via the controller 130.
• another measuring system can also be used to determine a fault. It can also be used to replace filter 122, for example.
• another measuring system can of course also be used to determine the water level. Further modifications within the scope of the claims are possible at any time.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
• Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
• Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
• Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-01-19 WO PCT/EP2005/050223 patent/WO2005082796A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2005-01-19 US US10/590,597 patent/US20070170106A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-01-19 EP EP05707804A patent/EP1723084A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-01-19 JP JP2007500198A patent/JP2007526115A/ja active Pending
  • 2005-01-19 CA CA 2594799 patent/CA2594799A1/en not_active Abandoned

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