EP1721494B1 - Appareil electronique auxiliaire ou dispositif d'exploitation pour elements lumineux, a unite de commande programmable ou configurable - Google Patents

Appareil electronique auxiliaire ou dispositif d'exploitation pour elements lumineux, a unite de commande programmable ou configurable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1721494B1
EP1721494B1 EP20050715522 EP05715522A EP1721494B1 EP 1721494 B1 EP1721494 B1 EP 1721494B1 EP 20050715522 EP20050715522 EP 20050715522 EP 05715522 A EP05715522 A EP 05715522A EP 1721494 B1 EP1721494 B1 EP 1721494B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
operating device
programming
control unit
mains
ballast
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP20050715522
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1721494A1 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Zudrell-Koch
Kai Arbinger
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Tridonic GmbH and Co KG
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Tridonicatco GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP1721494A1 publication Critical patent/EP1721494A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/165—Controlling the light source following a pre-assigned programmed sequence; Logic control [LC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/39—Controlling the intensity of light continuously
    • H05B41/392—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
    • H05B41/3921—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of control gear for lamps, wherein a control unit of the ballast or operating device external control information for programming or configuring the performance of the ballast or operating device can be fed and stored in a memory associated with the memory.
  • ECGs Electronic ballasts for operating lamps, in particular of gas discharge lamps are already well known.
  • the latest generation of ballasts are not only able to accurately monitor the performance of a lamp to be operated and ensure trouble-free lamp operation, but also have a data or communication port, via which they communicate with other ballasts or with central control devices can.
  • the transmitted data may also generally affect the performance of the ballast, for example, specify the output to the gas discharge lamp average power or set the preheat before ignition of the lamp.
  • ballasts just described which are designed for extensive data communication, but often also simpler designed ballasts are used, which are exclusively intended to operate the associated lamp according to a predetermined scheme.
  • the operating behavior of these ballasts is largely determined during production and can not be subsequently or only slightly influenced.
  • ballasts are not designed to communicate via corresponding data or communication connections with other participants of a lighting system or with a central control device or at least to receive data from these devices.
  • ballasts In order to open up the possibility in these simpler ballasts, at a later date, so after production at least to a certain extent to influence the performance, it is known to provide such ballasts with a configuration input.
  • passive configuration elements such as e.g. Resistors or the like can be connected, which influence a certain function of the ballast by their physical properties. For example, it is known to adjust the power supplied by the ballast to the lamp or to specify the duration of the preheat phase prior to ignition of the gas discharge lamp by the height of an external resistor connected to the configuration input.
  • Patent document US 4,523,128 A shows a ballast for gas discharge lamps with powerline technology, in which the control unit is functionally integrated in the network.
  • Patent document WO 00/35252 A shows a digital power controller for fluorescent lamps, comprising a gate array and a microprocessor that share functions in parallel, with fast sub-functions performed by the gate array and slower sub-functions by the microprocessor.
  • the circuits are provided with an automatic shutdown for the case when a high frequency ground fault is detected.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a novel way to influence the performance of an electronic ballast or a control gear for lighting.
  • the possibility should be opened of external control information for programming or configuring the operating behavior as far as possible simple manner to supply a control unit associated with the control unit, without requiring the arrangement of additional connections or inputs would be required.
  • connection lines which include a resistive voltage divider.
  • connection lines which include a resistive voltage divider.
  • the Connection also be magnetic, capacitive, optical or by means of a radio link.
  • the memory for storing the externally supplied control information is a nonvolatile memory.
  • the control unit has at least one logic circuit, for example a microprocessor, which is connected to the memory.
  • the transmission of the control information is preferably carried out in a period in which the ballast or operating device is inactive insofar as the lamp is not supplied with power in this period. After completion of the transmission of the control information then the lamp can be ignited and operated in the usual manner, the performance is determined by the previously transmitted control information.
  • a programming device is provided, which is designed to be connected to the network connections and / or the output connections of the ballast or operating device in order to transmit the control information to the control unit arranged in the ballast or operating device ,
  • this is a portable programming device, which can be taken by a user to the already installed ballasts / control gear.
  • the present invention also relates to a larger lighting arrangement, which has at least one lamp with an electronic ballast for operating a lamp or with an operating device for a lighting device and a programming device, which in the manner described above is adapted to transmit control information to the ballast or operating device and thus to influence its performance.
  • the subsequent transmission of control information is, moreover, also advantageous because it allows a lamp operation within a desired power window can be ensured. Often soft ballasts after their production of the specified target performance, which is due to unavoidable tolerances in the components used. By subsequently influencing, for example, the intermediate circuit voltage or the operating frequency of the supply voltage supplied to the load circuit with the lamp, such component tolerances can be taken into account and deviations in the output power corrected. Of particular importance in this context is the subsequent calibration of semiconductor light sources such as e.g. LED modules to ensure accurate color output.
  • FIG. 1 shows as an embodiment of an inventively designed electronic ballast for operating a gas discharge lamp.
  • the ballast is just one example of a bulb operating device.
  • the ballast 1 according to the invention is in FIG. 1 merely schematically reproduced with the components essential for the lamp operation, since the present invention can basically be used in all types of electronic ballasts for operating lamps.
  • Illustrated components are connected to the input terminals 5 of the ballast 1 rectifier 2 for rectifying the voltage applied to the terminals 5 AC supply voltage and an inverter 3, which converts the DC voltage obtained from the rectifier 2 into a high-frequency AC voltage and output voltage to output terminals 6 of the ballast. 1 forwarded to which in turn is connected to be operated by the ballast 1 lamp LA.
  • the other components that are usually provided in electronic ballasts, for example, various elements for harmonic filtering or a smoothing circuit for converting the rectified AC supply voltage into a DC voltage of certain height, are not shown because they are already known in their function and not further for the present invention are of importance.
  • present invention is not limited to use in electronic ballasts, but instead can be used generally in control gear for any lamps.
  • An essential component of the electronic ballast 1 with regard to the present invention is a control circuit 4, which can be supplied with commands from the outside and controls the operation of the operating device according to present commands and setpoints.
  • control unit controls the inverter 3 so that the output from the inverter 3 operating voltage for the lamp LA.
  • the control unit 4 generates for this purpose Control information and transmits it to the inverter 3, which may have, for example, a half-bridge arrangement of two controllable switches.
  • the lamp - which may in particular be a gas discharge lamp - operated in the desired manner, in particular first preheated, ignited and supplied with a predetermined power.
  • a memory 4a which may be functionally connected to the control unit 4 or - as shown - is part of the control unit 4.
  • This memory is preferably a nonvolatile memory.
  • the control unit 4 in turn preferably includes a microprocessor ⁇ C, which can access the memory 4a and is responsible for the generation of the corresponding control signals for controlling the inverter 3.
  • microprocessor ⁇ C instead of the microprocessor ⁇ C, a different logic circuit could be used, which takes over the required control tasks.
  • the operating behavior of the illustrated electronic ballast 1 can be changed or adapted by changing or updating the information contained in the memory 4a. So far, it was known to provide an additional control input to the ballast 1, which was connected to the control unit 4 and the memory 4a and could be transmitted via the then corresponding data to the control unit 4.
  • this additional input is now omitted.
  • already existing connections of the ballast 1 are used as a programming input.
  • the output terminals 6 are used, which are connected to the control unit 4 via corresponding connection lines as well as a voltage divider consisting of two resistors R1 and R2.
  • R1 and R2 As in FIG. 1
  • an external programming device 10 which transmits corresponding control information Vprog to the control unit 4.
  • the connection can be made directly to the output of the inverter 3, but it would also be conceivable to connect the programming device 10 to the coil contacts of the lamp LA.
  • the external programmer 10 is designed to be portable and may be adapted to be connected to the various ballasts of a lighting system to subsequently configure or program the devices.
  • the control information transmitted from the external programmer 10 is stored in the memory 4a of FIG Stored control unit 4 and set the performance of the ballast 1 fixed.
  • the data may include information regarding the power supplied by the ballast 1 to the lamp LA. It is possible to externally specify a desired power or operating frequency at which the lamp LA is to operate. As a result, it is possible, in particular, to compensate later for building tolerances occurring during the production of the ballast 1 and thus to ensure that all the lamps are operated at the required or optimum power. Another possibility is to influence the preheating time of the lamps by means of the external control information or to adapt the power to a newly connected lamp type.
  • LEDs or LED modules Another important field of application of the present invention is the control of LEDs or LED modules.
  • Such semiconductor light sources usually have to be calibrated after their placement in order to ensure a light output in the desired color. This is especially important with LEDs, as the power with which the LEDs are operated has a direct effect on the color of the emitted light.
  • an operating device for operating LEDs according to the present invention it is now possible to carry out the required calibration in a simple manner after the LED modules have been fitted.
  • the required operating data can be transmitted according to the invention in a simple manner to the operating device.
  • the essential advantage of the solution according to the invention is that no additional programming or configuration input is required, but instead the already existing connections of the operating device 1, usually as terminal contacts are trained to be used.
  • the input terminals 5 are used as a programming input, it must be ensured that the current required for operating the control unit and / or writing to the memory 4a is still made available. This could be done, for example, by the programming device providing the required energy in this case.
  • the use of an internal battery or a rechargeable battery in the ballast or operating device would be conceivable. In both cases, the operating device could also be programmed in an offline state or with the power switched off.
  • the power supply only has to be sufficient to operate the electronics (control unit, memory, etc.). However, in this programming mode, no power is delivered to connected light means, so that the supply voltage can be lower, that is during actual operation.
  • the supply voltage can also be used in programming mode DC voltage instead of the usual for the light bulb operation AC voltage.
  • the programming commands are modulated onto a supply voltage.
  • the control unit is functionally disconnected from the network. For example. Filtering generally ensures that even high levels of modulation applied to the mains connections can not be reflected back to the mains supply.
  • the transmission of the external control information is preferably carried out in a period in which the lamp LA is not in operation. Only after the data transfer is completed can then a lamp start be made and the lamp operated under the conditions determined by the transmitting control information.
  • the present invention thus makes it possible in a simple manner subsequently, i. after the manufacture of the ballast or control gear to be able to influence its performance.
  • no additional programming input is provided, so that the ballast or operating device can be included in a previously known manner in a housing.
  • also for programming for example.
  • GGGF Can a software change even be executed centrally.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
  • Discharge-Lamp Control Circuits And Pulse- Feed Circuits (AREA)

Claims (27)

  1. Appareil d'alimentation pour des moyens d'éclairage, présentant :
    - des branchements de réseau (5) pour brancher l'appareil d'alimentation à une alimentation en courant,
    - des branchements de sortie (6) pour brancher des moyens d'éclairage au ballast électronique (1) ou à l'appareil d'alimentation ainsi que
    - une unité de commande (4) pour la commande et/ou la régulation du fonctionnement de moyens d'éclairage branchés aux branchements de sortie (6),
    des informations de commande (Vprog) externes pour programmer ou configurer le comportement en fonctionnement de l'appareil d'alimentation pouvant être transmises à l'unité de commande (4) via une entrée de programmation, et pouvant être enregistrées dans une mémoire (4a) affectée à l'unité de commande (4),
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'entrée de programmation est constituée par les branchements de réseau (5) et/ou les branchements de sortie (6) de l'appareil d'alimentation,
    l'unité de commande (4) étant séparée du réseau de manière fonctionnelle au moins en cas d'utilisation des branchements de réseau (5) comme entrée de programmation.
  2. Appareil d'alimentation selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les branchements de réseau (5) et/ou les branchements de sortie (6) constituant l'entrée de programmation sont reliés à l'unité de commande (4) via des lignes de connexion.
  3. Appareil d'alimentation selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les lignes de connexion présentent un diviseur de tension (R1, R2).
  4. Appareil d'alimentation selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les branchements de réseau (5) et/ou les branchements de sortie (6) constituant l'entrée de programmation sont couplés à l'unité de commande (4) de façon magnétique.
  5. Appareil d'alimentation selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les branchements de réseau (5) et/ou les branchements de sortie (6) constituant l'entrée de programmation sont couplés à l'unité de commande (4) de façon capacitive.
  6. Appareil d'alimentation selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les branchements de réseau (5) et/ou les branchements de sortie (6) constituant l'entrée de programmation sont couplés à l'unité de commande (4) de façon optique.
  7. Appareil d'alimentation selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les branchements de réseau (5) et/ou les branchements de sortie (6) constituant l'entrée de programmation sont couplés à l'unité de commande (4) par une connexion sans fil.
  8. Appareil d'alimentation selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la mémoire (4a) pour l'enregistrement des informations de commande transmises de manière externe est une mémoire non-volatile.
  9. Appareil d'alimentation selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'unité de commande (4) présente un circuit logique, particulièrement un microprocesseur (µC), lequel est relié à la mémoire (4a).
  10. Appareil d'alimentation selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le ballast électronique (1) ou l'appareil d'alimentation est entouré d'un boîtier, les branchements de réseau (5) et les branchements de sortie (6) étant constitués par des contacts à serrage.
  11. Appareil d'alimentation selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    un appareil de programmation externe (10) pour la transmission des informations de commande peut être connecté aux contacts des filaments de la lampe (LA) ou source de lumière ou aux contacts de réseau (5) du ballast électronique (1) ou de l'appareil d'alimentation.
  12. Appareil d'alimentation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    un appareil de programmation externe (10) pour la transmission des informations de commande peut être connecté à un onduleur (3) du ballast électronique (1) ou de l'appareil d'alimentation pour générer une tension alternative d'alimentation pour la lampe (LA) ou la source de lumière.
  13. Appareil d'alimentation selon la revendication 11 ou 12,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pendant la transmission des informations de commande (Vprog), l'appareil de programmation externe (10) constitue en même temps une source d'alimentation en courant pour le ballast électronique (1) ou l'appareil d'alimentation.
  14. Appareil d'alimentation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le ballast électronique (1) ou l'appareil d'alimentation présente une batterie ou un accumulateur pour une alimentation en courant pendant la transmission des informations de commande (Vprog).
  15. Appareil d'alimentation selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les informations de commande externes déterminent la puissance de sortie du ballast électronique (1) ou de l'appareil d'alimentation.
  16. Appareil de programmation (10) pour la programmation ou la configuration du comportement en fonctionnement d'un ballast électronique (1) pour faire fonctionner une lampe (LA) ou d'un appareil d'alimentation pour sources de lumière,
    l'appareil de programmation (10) étant prévu pour une connexion avec les branchements de réseau (5) et/ou branchements de sortie (6) du ballast électronique (1) ou de l'appareil d'alimentation, pour transmettre des informations de commande (Vprog) à une unité de commande (4) prévue dans le ballast électronique (1) ou l'appareil d'alimentation et
    au moins en cas d'utilisation des branchements de réseau (5) comme entrée de programmation, l'unité de commande (4) est séparée du réseau de manière fonctionnelle.
  17. Appareil de programmation (10) selon la revendication 16,
    caractérisé en ce que
    il est portable.
  18. Système d'éclairage présentant
    a) au moins un luminaire avec un ballast électronique (1) pour faire fonctionner une lampe (LA) ou un appareil d'alimentation pour sources de lumière, lequel présente
    - des branchements de réseau (5) pour brancher le ballast électronique (1) ou l'appareil d'alimentation à une source d'alimentation en courant,
    - des branchements de sortie (6) pour brancher une lampe (LA) ou source de lumière au ballast électronique (1) ou à l'appareil d'alimentation ainsi que
    - une unité de commande (4) pour la commande et/ou la régulation d'une tension d'alimentation de la lampe (LA) ou source de lumière via les branchements de sortie (6),
    b) un appareil de programmation (10) pour la programmation ou la configuration du comportement en fonctionnement du ballast électronique (1) ou de l'appareil d'alimentation,
    l'appareil de programmation (10) étant prévu pour une connexion avec les branchements de réseau (5) et/ou les branchements de sortie (6) du ballast électronique (1) ou de l'appareil d'alimentation, pour transmettre des informations de commande (Vprog) externes à l'unité de commande (4), au moins en cas d'utilisation des branchements de réseau (5) comme entrée de programmation l'unité de commande (4) étant séparée du réseau de manière fonctionnelle.
  19. Procédé pour programmer ou configurer le comportement en fonctionnement d'un appareil d'alimentation pour moyens d'éclairage, l'appareil d'alimentation présentant :
    - des branchements de réseau (5) pour brancher l'appareil d'alimentation à une source d'alimentation en courant,
    - des branchements de sortie (6) pour brancher des moyens d'éclairage à l'appareil d'alimentation ainsi que
    - une unité de commande (4) pour la commande et/ou la régulation du fonctionnement des moyens d'éclairage branchés via les branchements de sortie (6),
    la programmation ou la configuration étant effectuée par des informations de commande (Vprog) externes, qui sont transmises à l'unité de commande (4),
    caractérisé en ce que
    les branchements de réseau (5) et/ou les branchements de sortie (6) de l'appareil d'alimentation sont utilisés comme entrée de programmation,
    l'unité de commande (4) étant séparée du réseau de manière fonctionnelle au moins en cas d'utilisation des branchements de réseau (5) comme entrée de programmation.
  20. Procédé selon la revendication 19,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la transmission des informations de commande (Vprog) est effectuée dans une phase de configuration dans laquelle la lampe (LA) ou source de lumière connectée à l'appareil d'alimentation n'est pas en fonctionnement.
  21. Procédé selon la revendication 19,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la transmission des informations de commande (Vprog) est effectuée dans une phase dans laquelle l'appareil d'alimentation est séparé d'une alimentation générale en courant ou dans laquelle l'alimentation générale en courant est coupée.
  22. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 19 à 21,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les informations de commande externes (Vprog) sont transmises par l'intermédiaire d'un appareil de programmation externe (10).
  23. Procédé selon la revendication 22,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pendant la transmission des informations de commande externes (Vprog), l'appareil de programmation externe (10) constitue en même temps une source d'alimentation en courant pour l'appareil d'alimentation.
  24. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 20 à 23,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la puissance de l'appareil d'alimentation est déterminée par les informations de
    commande externes.
  25. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 20 à 24,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pendant la programmation, l'appareil d'alimentation est alimenté avec une tension d'alimentation réduite.
  26. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 20 à 24,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pendant la programmation, l'appareil d'alimentation est alimenté avec une tension d'alimentation en courant continu.
  27. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 20 à 26,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pendant la programmation par les branchements de réseau, l'appareil d'alimentation est séparé de manière fonctionnelle du réseau de telle sorte que des commandes de programmation ne peuvent pas être réémises sur le réseau.
EP20050715522 2004-03-01 2005-02-24 Appareil electronique auxiliaire ou dispositif d'exploitation pour elements lumineux, a unite de commande programmable ou configurable Active EP1721494B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200410009993 DE102004009993A1 (de) 2004-03-01 2004-03-01 Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät mit programmierbarer oder konfigurierbarer Steuereinheit
PCT/EP2005/001966 WO2005084085A1 (fr) 2004-03-01 2005-02-24 Appareil electronique auxiliaire ou dispositif d'exploitation pour elements lumineux, a unite de commande programmable ou configurable

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1721494A1 EP1721494A1 (fr) 2006-11-15
EP1721494B1 true EP1721494B1 (fr) 2010-04-14

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EP20050715522 Active EP1721494B1 (fr) 2004-03-01 2005-02-24 Appareil electronique auxiliaire ou dispositif d'exploitation pour elements lumineux, a unite de commande programmable ou configurable

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US8638040B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1721494B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1939099B (fr)
AT (1) ATE464775T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2005217514B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE102004009993A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005084085A1 (fr)

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DE102004009993A1 (de) * 2004-03-01 2005-09-22 Tridonicatco Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät mit programmierbarer oder konfigurierbarer Steuereinheit
WO2006109313A2 (fr) * 2005-04-12 2006-10-19 Metrolight Ltd. Ballast configurable sur site
US20080252221A1 (en) * 2007-04-13 2008-10-16 Spi Electronic Co., Ltd. Protection device for discharge lamp inverter
DE102011005048A1 (de) 2011-03-03 2012-09-06 Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg Testbetrieb eines Betriebsgeräts für Leuchtmittel
ES2812587T3 (es) 2012-04-04 2021-03-17 Signify Holding Bv Aparato y procedimientos para la programación externa del procesador de un accionador de LED
US20140265900A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Laurence P. Sadwick Fluorescent Lamp LED Replacement
AT14277U1 (de) * 2014-01-30 2015-07-15 Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg Betriebsgerät für ein Leuchtmittel, Programmiergerät und Verfahren zum Konfigurieren eines Betriebsgeräts
DE102013015814A1 (de) * 2013-09-24 2015-04-09 Erwin Quarder Systemtechnik Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Konfiguration von Vorschaltgeräten für Leuchtmittel-Module
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US9131546B2 (en) 2015-09-08
US20140103836A1 (en) 2014-04-17
AU2005217514A1 (en) 2005-09-09
DE102004009993A1 (de) 2005-09-22
WO2005084085A1 (fr) 2005-09-09
ATE464775T1 (de) 2010-04-15
CN1939099B (zh) 2010-08-25
US8638040B2 (en) 2014-01-28
DE502005009413D1 (de) 2010-05-27
US20080036395A1 (en) 2008-02-14
CN1939099A (zh) 2007-03-28
AU2005217514B2 (en) 2009-12-03
EP1721494A1 (fr) 2006-11-15

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