EP1709668A1 - Low-pressure discharge lamp - Google Patents

Low-pressure discharge lamp

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Publication number
EP1709668A1
EP1709668A1 EP04762554A EP04762554A EP1709668A1 EP 1709668 A1 EP1709668 A1 EP 1709668A1 EP 04762554 A EP04762554 A EP 04762554A EP 04762554 A EP04762554 A EP 04762554A EP 1709668 A1 EP1709668 A1 EP 1709668A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
low
pressure discharge
discharge lamp
lamp according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04762554A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1709668B1 (en
Inventor
Achim Hilscher
Thomas Noll
Gerd H. Lieder
Richard Garner
Klaus Pankratz
Viktor Malik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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Publication of EP1709668A1 publication Critical patent/EP1709668A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1709668B1 publication Critical patent/EP1709668B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/54—Igniting arrangements, e.g. promoting ionisation for starting
    • H01J61/545—Igniting arrangements, e.g. promoting ionisation for starting using an auxiliary electrode inside the vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/067—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps
    • H01J61/0672—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the construction of the electrode

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low-pressure discharge lamp with an essentially tubular discharge vessel made of glass which is sealed gas-tight at the ends, a filling made of a noble gas mixture and possibly mercury and possibly a phosphor coating on the inner wall of the discharge vessel, two current leads being melted gas-tight in each of the two ends of the discharge vessel are, which run essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the discharge vessel in this section and to the inner end of which is attached a spiral electrode which extends essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the discharge vessel.
  • the lamp When a low-pressure discharge lamp is cold started without electrode preheating, the lamp first starts with a glow discharge when connected to the mains. This glow discharge with a current in the range of a few mA changes into the arc discharge after approx. 20 to 100 ms, ie after the electrodes have been heated. The transition now takes place during the transition from the glow discharge to the arc discharge Bend at the transition from the part not pasted with electrode material to the pasted part of the electrode, since the pasted part of the electrode is still cold and therefore not conductive. Due to the fact that the arc is always in the same place on the filament electrode each time the lamp is switched on, there is a sputtering off of electrode material and thus a premature breakage of the electrode compared to the preheated electrode.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a low-pressure discharge lamp which, when cold-started, has a higher switching stability than the previously known low-pressure discharge lamps and thus an extended average service life.
  • a low-pressure discharge lamp with an essentially tubular discharge vessel made of glass, which is sealed gas-tight at the ends, a filling made of a noble gas mixture and possibly mercury, and possibly a phosphor coating on the inner wall of the discharge vessel, two in each case in the two ends of the discharge vessel
  • Current supply lines are melted in a gas-tight manner, which run essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the discharge vessel in this section and to whose inner end a spiral electrode which is essentially transverse to the longitudinal axis of the discharge vessel is fastened, in that at least to increase the switching stability of the lamp during cold start operation a further electrode made of a conductive material is arranged in the area between the filament electrode and the subsequent end of the discharge vessel, one end of this further electrode having one of the two currents feeders is electrically connected.
  • This additional electrode serves as a sacrificial electrode, because this is an electrode that is used to discharge the arc to attach the arc when it is set the arc discharge is offered, it is irrelevant whether material of this electrode is sputtered.
  • the arc discharge first starts at this sacrificial electrode and then jumps when the emitter material on the coil electrode has been heated by ion bombardment to such an extent that it is hot enough for the thermal emission of electrons, onto the coil electrode.
  • the coil electrode Since the coil electrode must be heated to the required operating temperature of approx. 900 to 1500 K even if another electrode is used as the sacrificial electrode and this can only be achieved with sufficient speed by ion bombardment, the ion bombardment on the coil electrode must not be completely prevented.
  • the further electrode in order to keep the sputtering of electrode material from the coil electrode small, the further electrode must be attached geometrically relative to the coil electrode such that the plasma density at the coil electrode is significant compared to the case without an additional electrode, i.e. is reduced by a factor of approximately 100.
  • the further electrode is advantageously mounted in such a way that, when viewed perpendicularly to the plane formed by the two current leads and the spiral electrode, it largely lies between the two current leads.
  • NE is the plasma density at the location of the spiral electrode
  • n Pr s E is the plasma density at the location of the further electrode.
  • the energy of the ions that strikes the spiral electrode and the further electrode is thus approximately the same size; however, due to the low plasma density n P
  • the conductive material of the electrode has a high coefficient for the secondary electron emission. Investigations with different materials showed that especially nickel and / or ruthenium but also tungsten are suitable for this. In contrast, molybdenum, which should also be very suitable due to its high secondary electron emission coefficient, has not proven to be suitable, which is not yet understood.
  • the further electrode advantageously consists of a wire with a wire diameter between 50 and 150 ⁇ m.
  • the further electrode should be arranged as close as possible to the spiral electrode.
  • the further electrode extends essentially parallel to the axis of the spiral electrode from the power supply to which it is electrically connected in the direction of the other power supply.
  • Particularly advantageous results with regard to the arc attachment on the further electrode are obtained if the electrode extends 40 to 60% of the distance between the two current leads in the direction of the other current leads. Since after the ignition of the lamp the electric field on the additional electrode preferably runs parallel to the axis of the discharge vessel, it is advantageous if part of the additional electrode points in this direction in order to keep the glow discharge on the additional electrode. For this reason the free end of the further electrode is bent in the direction of the spiral electrode.
  • a favorable distance between the axis of the filament electrode and the free end or tip of the additional electrode essentially depends on the inside diameter of the discharge vessel in this area.
  • a negative glow light is formed around this electrode, which is of the order of half the inside diameter of the discharge vessel. This forms directly on the surface of the further electrode Cathode drop space.
  • the plasma density rises steeply in the negative glow light in order to drop significantly after a maximum until the level of the positive column is reached at the end of the negative glow light.
  • the free end of the further electrode (7, 8) therefore preferably has a distance of (0.2-1) x R ⁇ n ⁇ e nrohr from the spiral electrode (5), wherein R
  • the further electrode (7, 8) can advantageously be fastened to the power supply line rotated by an angle of less than or equal to 45 ° with respect to the axis of the spiral electrode. This favors the ignition of the glow discharge at the sacrificial electrode, since the initial electron avalanche runs from the electrode to the wall of the discharge vessel. The closer the sacrificial electrode comes to the wall of the discharge vessel, the more likely the glow discharge will ignite on the sacrificial electrode.
  • a further improvement in the switching stability and thus the average lamp life during cold start operation is achieved if the lamp has two further electrodes instead of another electrode as the sacrificial electrode, one end of each further electrode being connected to one of the two current leads of the same filament electrode, so that each of the two power leads, another electrode is electrically connected.
  • the figure shows one end of a compact low-pressure discharge lamp according to the invention with a power consumption of 21 W.
  • Discharge vessel 1 is made up of three U-shaped discharge vessel parts with a tube outer diameter of 12 mm, which are connected by cross-fusion to form a coherent discharge path.
  • the two ends of the discharge vessel are sealed gas-tight by a pinch 2.
  • two current leads 3, 4 made of Fe-Ni-Cr wire with a wire diameter of 400 ⁇ m are melted in a gas-tight manner and carry a spiral electrode 5 made of double-wound tungsten wire at their inner end.
  • the two power supplies 3, 4 are additionally held by a glass bead 6 in the middle between the spiral electrode 5 and the pinch 2 into which they are melted.
  • a further electrode 7, 8 is in each case attached as a sacrificial electrode between the glass bead 6 and the spiral electrode 5 on the two power supply lines 3, 4.
  • the two further electrodes 7, 8 consist of nickel wire with a wire diameter of 125 ⁇ m. They run away from the power supply lines 3, 4 parallel to the axis of the coil electrode 5 and are angled at their end at a right angle to the coil electrode 5. There is a distance of 1.25 mm between the tips of the further electrodes 7, 8 and the spiral electrode 5.
  • the sections of the further electrodes 7, 8 parallel to the spiral electrode 5 have a length of 3 mm; they are welded to the opposite side of the respective power supply 3 or 4 and thus do not touch.

Abstract

The invention relates to a low-pressure discharge lamp comprising a glass discharge vessel ( 1 ) which is substantially tubular in form and which is closed in a gas-tight manner on the ends thereof, a filling consisting of an inert gas mixture and quicksilver, in addition to an optional luminous coating on the inner wall of the discharge vessel ( 1 ). Two current supply inlets are respectively melted into the two ends of the discharge vessel ( 1 ), with a helical electrode secured thereto ( 5 ). The invention is characterized in that in order to increase the switching resistance of the lamp in a cold start operation, at least one other electrode ( 7,8 ) made of a conductive material is arranged in the region between the helical electrode ( 5 ) and the connecting end of the discharge vessel ( 1 ) and one end of said other electrode ( 7, 8 ) is electrically connected to one of the two current supply inlets ( 3,4 ).

Description

NiederdruckentladungslampeLow-pressure discharge lamp
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Niederdruckentladungslampe mit einem im wesentlichen rohrförmigen und an den Enden gasdicht verschlossenen Entladungsgefäß aus Glas, einer Füllung aus einem Edelgasgemisch und eventuell Quecksilber sowie eventuell einer Leuchtstoffbeschichtung auf der Innenwand des Entladungsgefäßes, wobei in die beiden Enden des Entladungsgefäßes jeweils zwei Stromzuführungen gasdicht eingeschmolzenen sind, die im wesentlichen parallel zur Längsachse des Entladungsgefäßes in diesem Abschnitt verlaufen und an deren innerem Ende eine im wesentlichen quer zur Längsachse des Entladungsgefäßes verlaufende Wendelelektrode befestigt ist.The invention relates to a low-pressure discharge lamp with an essentially tubular discharge vessel made of glass which is sealed gas-tight at the ends, a filling made of a noble gas mixture and possibly mercury and possibly a phosphor coating on the inner wall of the discharge vessel, two current leads being melted gas-tight in each of the two ends of the discharge vessel are, which run essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the discharge vessel in this section and to the inner end of which is attached a spiral electrode which extends essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the discharge vessel.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Der Kaltstartbetrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen, d.h. Betriebsgeräte für Niederdruckentladungslampen, die beim Start der Lampe keine Vorheizung der Elektroden bereitstellen, bekommt mehr und mehr an Bedeutung. Der Vorteil dieses Betriebes ist, dass sofort nach dem Verbinden mit dem Stromnetz eine Lichtabgabe durch die Lampe erfolgt. Gleichzeitig sind die Vorschaltgeräte für diese Lampen kostengünstiger herstellbar, da auf den Schaltungsteil für die Vorheizung verzichtet werden kann.The cold start operation of low pressure discharge lamps, i.e. Operating devices for low-pressure discharge lamps that do not provide preheating of the electrodes when the lamp is started are becoming increasingly important. The advantage of this operation is that the lamp emits light immediately after it is connected to the mains. At the same time, the ballasts for these lamps can be manufactured more cost-effectively, since the circuit part for the preheating can be dispensed with.
Bei einem Kaltstart einer Niederdruckentladungslampe ohne Elektrodenvorheizung startet die Lampe bei Anschluss an das Stromnetz zuerst mit einer Glimmentladung. Diese Glimmentladung mit einem Strom im Bereich von einigen mA geht nach ca. 20 bis 100 ms, d.h. nach dem Aufheizen der Elektroden in die Bogenentladung ü- ber. Beim Übergang von der Glimmentladung zur Bogenentladung setzt nun der Bogen am Übergang vom nicht mit Elektrodenmaterial bepasteten Teil zum be- pasteten Teil der Elektrode an, da der bepastete Teil der Elektrode noch kalt und somit nicht leitfähig ist. Durch den Ansatz des Bogens immer an derselben Stelle der Wendelelektrode bei jedem Einschalten der Lampe kommt es dort zu einem Absputtern von Elektrodenmaterial und so zu einem gegenüber der vorgeheizten Elektrode vorzeitigen Bruch der Elektrode. Selbst wenn die Wendelelektrode vollständig bis zu den stromführenden Stromzuführungen mit Emittermaterial bepastet ist, so weist sie doch herstellungsbedingt immer Stellen auf, an denen die Wendel nur sehr mangelhaft bis gar nicht bepastet ist. Die Bogenentladung wird dann immer an einem dieser Punkte ansetzen und so zu einem Bruch der Elektrode an dieser Stelle aufgrund des abgesputterten Elektrodenmaterials führen.When a low-pressure discharge lamp is cold started without electrode preheating, the lamp first starts with a glow discharge when connected to the mains. This glow discharge with a current in the range of a few mA changes into the arc discharge after approx. 20 to 100 ms, ie after the electrodes have been heated. The transition now takes place during the transition from the glow discharge to the arc discharge Bend at the transition from the part not pasted with electrode material to the pasted part of the electrode, since the pasted part of the electrode is still cold and therefore not conductive. Due to the fact that the arc is always in the same place on the filament electrode each time the lamp is switched on, there is a sputtering off of electrode material and thus a premature breakage of the electrode compared to the preheated electrode. Even if the filament electrode is completely pasted with emitter material up to the current-carrying current leads, it always has places where the filament is only poorly or not at all pasted due to the manufacturing process. The arc discharge will then always start at one of these points and thus lead to a breakage of the electrode at this point due to the sputtered electrode material.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Niederdruckentladungslampe zu schaffen, die bei Kaltstartbetrieb eine gegenüber den bisher bekannten Niederdruckentladungslampen höhere Schaltfestigkeit und damit verlängerte mittlere Le- bensdauer besitzt.The object of the present invention is to provide a low-pressure discharge lamp which, when cold-started, has a higher switching stability than the previously known low-pressure discharge lamps and thus an extended average service life.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Niederdruckentladungslampe mit einem im wesentlichen rohrförmigen und an den Enden gasdicht verschlossenen Entladungsgefäß aus Glas, einer Füllung aus einem Edelgasgemisch und eventuell Quecksilber sowie eventuell einer Leuchtstoffbeschichtung auf der Innenwand des Entladungsge- fäßes, wobei in die beiden Enden des Entladungsgefäßes jeweils zwei Stromzuführungen gasdicht eingeschmolzenen sind, die im wesentlichen parallel zur Längsachse des Entladungsgefäßes in diesem Abschnitt verlaufen und an deren innerem Ende eine im wesentlichen quer zur Längsachse des Entladungsgefäßes verlaufende Wendelelektrode befestigt ist, dadurch gelöst, dass zur Erhöhung der Schaltfes- tigkeit der Lampe bei Kaltstartbetrieb zumindest eine weitere Elektrode aus einem leitfähigen Material im Bereich zwischen der Wendelelektrode und dem anschließenden Ende des Entladungsgefäßes angeordnet ist, wobei ein Ende dieser weiteren Elektrode mit einer der beiden Stromzuführungen elektrisch verbunden ist.This object is achieved in a low-pressure discharge lamp with an essentially tubular discharge vessel made of glass, which is sealed gas-tight at the ends, a filling made of a noble gas mixture and possibly mercury, and possibly a phosphor coating on the inner wall of the discharge vessel, two in each case in the two ends of the discharge vessel Current supply lines are melted in a gas-tight manner, which run essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the discharge vessel in this section and to whose inner end a spiral electrode which is essentially transverse to the longitudinal axis of the discharge vessel is fastened, in that at least to increase the switching stability of the lamp during cold start operation a further electrode made of a conductive material is arranged in the area between the filament electrode and the subsequent end of the discharge vessel, one end of this further electrode having one of the two currents feeders is electrically connected.
Diese zusätzliche Elektrode dient als Opferelektrode, denn hierbei handelt es sich um eine Elektrode, die der Bogenentladung zum Ansetzen des Bogens beim Ein- setzen der Bogenentladung angeboten wird, wobei es unerheblich ist, ob dabei Material dieser Elektrode abgesputtert wird. Die Bogenentladung setzt zuerst an dieser Opferelektrode an und springt dann, wenn sich das Emittermaterial auf der Wendelelektrode durch lonenbeschuss soweit aufgeheizt hat, dass sie heiß genug ist für die thermische Emission von Elektronen, auf die Wendelelektrode über.This additional electrode serves as a sacrificial electrode, because this is an electrode that is used to discharge the arc to attach the arc when it is set the arc discharge is offered, it is irrelevant whether material of this electrode is sputtered. The arc discharge first starts at this sacrificial electrode and then jumps when the emitter material on the coil electrode has been heated by ion bombardment to such an extent that it is hot enough for the thermal emission of electrons, onto the coil electrode.
Da die Wendelelektrode auch bei Verwendung einer weiteren als Opferelektrode dienenden Elektrode auf die benötigte Betriebstemperatur von ca. 900 bis 1500 K aufgeheizt werden muss und dies mit hinreichender Geschwindigkeit nur durch lonenbeschuss zu erreichen ist, darf der lonenbeschuss an der Wendelektrode nicht vollständig unterbunden werden. Um andererseits das Sputtern von Elektrodenmaterial von der Wendelelektrode klein zu halten, muss die weitere Elektrode geometrisch relativ zu Wendelelektrode so angebracht sein, das die Plasmadichte an der Wendelelektrode gegenüber dem Fall ohne zusätzliche Elektrode wesentlich, d.h. um einen Faktor von ca. 100 abgesenkt ist. Um dieses zu erreichen, ist die weitere Elektrode vorteilhaft so angebracht, dass sie bei senkrechtem Blick auf die von den zwei Stromzuführungen und der Wendelelektrode gebildete Ebene größtenteils zwischen den zwei Stromzuführungen liegt.Since the coil electrode must be heated to the required operating temperature of approx. 900 to 1500 K even if another electrode is used as the sacrificial electrode and this can only be achieved with sufficient speed by ion bombardment, the ion bombardment on the coil electrode must not be completely prevented. On the other hand, in order to keep the sputtering of electrode material from the coil electrode small, the further electrode must be attached geometrically relative to the coil electrode such that the plasma density at the coil electrode is significant compared to the case without an additional electrode, i.e. is reduced by a factor of approximately 100. In order to achieve this, the further electrode is advantageously mounted in such a way that, when viewed perpendicularly to the plane formed by the two current leads and the spiral electrode, it largely lies between the two current leads.
Die Potentialdifferenz zwischen dem Plasma an der Wendelektrode VNE und an der weiteren Opferelektrode VSE istThe potential difference between the plasma at the turning electrode V NE and at the further sacrificial electrode V S E is
wobei Te die Elektronentemperatur, nP|NE die Plasmadichte am Ort der Wendelelektrode und nPrsE die Plasmadichte am Ort der weiteren Elektrode ist. Somit ist die E- nergie der Ionen, die auf die Wendelelektrode und die weitere Elektrode auftrifft, etwa gleich groß; jedoch trifft durch die geringe Plasmadichte nP|NE am Ort der Wen- delelektrode ein verringerter lonenstrom an der Wendelelektrode auf, was die Sput- terrate reduziert und damit die Lebensdauer der Wendelektrode beim Kaltstart verlängert. Um das Ansetzen der Bogenentladung an der weiteren Elektrode zu erleichtern, weist das leitfähige Material der Elektrode einen hohen Koeffizienten für die Sekundärelektronenemission auf. Untersuchungen mit unterschiedlichen Materialien zeigten, dass insbesondere Nickel und/oder Ruthenium aber auch Wolfram hierfür ge- eignet sind. Dagegen erwies sich Molybdän, das aufgrund seines hohen Sekundär- elektronenemissionskoeffizienten ebenfalls sehr gut geeignet sein sollte, als nicht geeignet, was bis jetzt nicht verstanden wird.where T e is the electron temperature, n P | NE is the plasma density at the location of the spiral electrode and n Pr s E is the plasma density at the location of the further electrode. The energy of the ions that strikes the spiral electrode and the further electrode is thus approximately the same size; however, due to the low plasma density n P | NE, a reduced ion current strikes the coil electrode at the location of the coil electrode, which reduces the sputtering rate and thus extends the life of the coil electrode on cold start. In order to facilitate the application of the arc discharge to the further electrode, the conductive material of the electrode has a high coefficient for the secondary electron emission. Investigations with different materials showed that especially nickel and / or ruthenium but also tungsten are suitable for this. In contrast, molybdenum, which should also be very suitable due to its high secondary electron emission coefficient, has not proven to be suitable, which is not yet understood.
Weitere Untersuchungen zeigten dass die Schaltfestigkeit der Lampe bei Kaltstartbetrieb mit abnehmendem Durchmesser der weiteren Elektrode zunimmt. Die Elekt- rode muss dabei jedoch noch einen so großen Durchmesser besitzen, das sie über die Lebensdauer der Lampe eine ausreichende Stabilität behält. Aus diesem Grund besteht die weitere Elektrode vorteilhaft aus einem Draht mit einem Drahtdurchmesser zwischen 50 und 150 μm.Further investigations showed that the switching strength of the lamp increases during cold start operation with decreasing diameter of the further electrode. However, the electrode must still have such a large diameter that it maintains sufficient stability over the life of the lamp. For this reason, the further electrode advantageously consists of a wire with a wire diameter between 50 and 150 μm.
Für eine gute Sekundärelektronenemission sollte die weitere Elektrode möglichst nahe der Wendelelektrode angeordnet ist. Hierzu bietet sich insbesondere an, dass sich die weitere Elektrode im wesentlichen parallel zur Achse der Wendelelektrode von der Stromzuführung, mit der sie elektrisch verbunden ist, in Richtung der anderen Stromzuführung erstreckt. Besonders vorteilhafte Ergebnisse in Bezug auf den Bogenansatz auf der weiteren Elektrode werden erhalten, wenn sich die Elektrode 40 bis 60 % des Abstandes zwischen den beiden Stromzuführungen in Richtung der anderen Stromzuführungen erstreckt. Da nach der Zündung der Lampe das elektrische Feld an der zusätzlichen Elektrode bevorzugt parallel zur Achse des Entladungsgefäßes verläuft ist, es vorteilhaft wenn ein Teil der zusätzlichen Elektrode in diese Richtung zeigt, um die Glimmentladung an der zusätzlichen Elektrode zu hal- ten. Aus diesem Grund ist das freie Ende der weiteren Elektrode in Richtung der Wendelelektrode hin abgebogen.For good secondary electron emission, the further electrode should be arranged as close as possible to the spiral electrode. For this purpose, it is particularly advisable that the further electrode extends essentially parallel to the axis of the spiral electrode from the power supply to which it is electrically connected in the direction of the other power supply. Particularly advantageous results with regard to the arc attachment on the further electrode are obtained if the electrode extends 40 to 60% of the distance between the two current leads in the direction of the other current leads. Since after the ignition of the lamp the electric field on the additional electrode preferably runs parallel to the axis of the discharge vessel, it is advantageous if part of the additional electrode points in this direction in order to keep the glow discharge on the additional electrode. For this reason the free end of the further electrode is bent in the direction of the spiral electrode.
Ein günstiger Abstand zwischen der Achse der Wendelelektrode und freiem Ende bzw. Spitze der zusätzlichen Elektrode hängt wesentlich vom Innendurchmesser des Entladungsgefäßes in diesem Bereich ab. Wenn die Glimmentladung an der zusätzlichen Elektrode ansetzt, bildet sich um diese Elektrode ein negatives Glimmlicht aus, das in der Größenordnung des halben Innendurchmessers des Entladungsgefäßes liegt. Direkt an der Oberfläche der weiteren Elektrode bildet sich der Kathodenfallraum aus. Im Anschluss an den Kathodenfallraum steigt die Plasmadichte im negativen Glimmlicht steil an, um nach einem Maximum deutlich abzufallen, bis das Niveau der positiven Säule am Ende des negativen Glimmlichts erreicht wird. Vorzugsweise besitzt daher das freie Ende der weiteren Elektrode (7, 8) einen Abstand von (0,2 - 1) x Rιnπenrohr von der Wendelelektrode (5), wobei R|nnenrohr der innere Radius des Entladungsgefäßes in diesem Abschnitt des Entladungsgefäßes ist.A favorable distance between the axis of the filament electrode and the free end or tip of the additional electrode essentially depends on the inside diameter of the discharge vessel in this area. When the glow discharge starts at the additional electrode, a negative glow light is formed around this electrode, which is of the order of half the inside diameter of the discharge vessel. This forms directly on the surface of the further electrode Cathode drop space. Following the cathode drop chamber, the plasma density rises steeply in the negative glow light in order to drop significantly after a maximum until the level of the positive column is reached at the end of the negative glow light. The free end of the further electrode (7, 8) therefore preferably has a distance of (0.2-1) x Rι nπe nrohr from the spiral electrode (5), wherein R | inner tube is the inner radius of the discharge vessel in this section of the discharge vessel .
Vorteilhaft kann weiterhin die weitere Elektrode (7, 8) in Bezug auf die Achse der Wendelelektrode um einen Winkel von kleiner gleich 45° gedreht an der Stromzu- führung befestigt sein. Dies begünstigt die Zündung der Glimmentladung an der Opferelektrode, da die anfängliche Elektronenlawine von der Elektrode zur Wand des Entladungsgefäßes verläuft. Je näher die Opferelektrode der Wand des Entladungsgefäßes kommt, desto wahrscheinlicher erfolgt die Zündung der Glimmentladung an der Opferelektrode.Furthermore, the further electrode (7, 8) can advantageously be fastened to the power supply line rotated by an angle of less than or equal to 45 ° with respect to the axis of the spiral electrode. This favors the ignition of the glow discharge at the sacrificial electrode, since the initial electron avalanche runs from the electrode to the wall of the discharge vessel. The closer the sacrificial electrode comes to the wall of the discharge vessel, the more likely the glow discharge will ignite on the sacrificial electrode.
Eine weitere Verbesserung der Schaltfestigkeit und damit der mittleren Lampenlebensdauer beim Kaltstartbetrieb wird erreicht, wenn die Lampe anstelle einer weiteren Elektrode als Opferelektrode zwei weitere Elektroden aufweist, wobei jeweils ein Ende jeder weiteren Elektrode mit einer der beiden Stromzuführungen derselben Wendelelektrode verbunden ist, so dass an jeder der beiden Stromzuführungen eine weitere Elektrode elektrisch angeschlossen ist.A further improvement in the switching stability and thus the average lamp life during cold start operation is achieved if the lamp has two further electrodes instead of another electrode as the sacrificial electrode, one end of each further electrode being connected to one of the two current leads of the same filament electrode, so that each of the two power leads, another electrode is electrically connected.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Im Folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand des folgenden Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the following exemplary embodiment.
Bevorzugte Ausführung der ErfindungPreferred embodiment of the invention
Die Figur zeigt ein Ende einer erfindungsgemäßen kompakten Niederdruckentla- dungslampe mit einer Leistungsaufnahme von 21 W. Das mehrfach gewundeneThe figure shows one end of a compact low-pressure discharge lamp according to the invention with a power consumption of 21 W. The multiple winding
Entladungsgefäß 1 setzt sich aus drei U-förmig gebogenen Entladungsgefäßteilen mit einem Rohraußendurchmesser von 12 mm zusammen, die durch Querverschmelzungen zu einem zusammenhängenden Entladungsweg verbunden sind. Die beiden Enden des Entladungsgefäßes sind durch eine Quetschung 2 gasdicht verschlossen. In jede dieser Quetschungen sind zwei Stromzuführungen 3, 4 aus Fe- Ni-Cr-Draht mit einem Drahtdurchmesser von 400 μm gasdicht eingeschmolzen, die an ihrem inneren Ende eine Wendelelektrode 5 aus doppelgewendeltem Wolframdraht tragen. Die beiden Stromzuführungen 3, 4 werden zusätzlich durch eine Glasperle 6 in der Mitte zwischen der Wendelelektrode 5 und der Quetschung 2, in die sie eingeschmolzen sind, gehalten.Discharge vessel 1 is made up of three U-shaped discharge vessel parts with a tube outer diameter of 12 mm, which are connected by cross-fusion to form a coherent discharge path. The two ends of the discharge vessel are sealed gas-tight by a pinch 2. In each of these bruises, two current leads 3, 4 made of Fe-Ni-Cr wire with a wire diameter of 400 μm are melted in a gas-tight manner and carry a spiral electrode 5 made of double-wound tungsten wire at their inner end. The two power supplies 3, 4 are additionally held by a glass bead 6 in the middle between the spiral electrode 5 and the pinch 2 into which they are melted.
Erfindungsgemäß sind bei dem hier gezeigten einen Ende des Entladungsgefäßes 1 zwischen der Glasperle 6 und der Wendelelektrode 5 an den beiden Stromzuführungen 3, 4 jeweils eine weitere Elektrode 7, 8 als Opferelektrode angebracht. Die beiden weiteren Elektroden 7, 8 bestehen aus Nickeldraht mit 125 μm Drahtdurchmesser. Sie verlaufen von den Stromzuführungen 3, 4 weg parallel zur Achse der Wendelelektrode 5 und sind an ihrem Ende im rechten Winkel zur Wendelelektrode 5 hin abgewinkelt. Zwischen den Spitzen der weiteren Elektroden 7, 8 und der Wendelelektrode 5 besteht ein Abstand von 1 ,25 mm. Die zur Wendelelektrode 5 parallelen Abschnitte der weiteren Elektroden 7, 8 weisen eine Länge von 3 mm auf; sie sind jeweils an der gegenüberliegenden Seite der jeweiligen Stromzuführung 3 bzw. 4 angeschweißt und berühren sich somit nicht.According to the invention, in the one end of the discharge vessel 1 shown here, a further electrode 7, 8 is in each case attached as a sacrificial electrode between the glass bead 6 and the spiral electrode 5 on the two power supply lines 3, 4. The two further electrodes 7, 8 consist of nickel wire with a wire diameter of 125 μm. They run away from the power supply lines 3, 4 parallel to the axis of the coil electrode 5 and are angled at their end at a right angle to the coil electrode 5. There is a distance of 1.25 mm between the tips of the further electrodes 7, 8 and the spiral electrode 5. The sections of the further electrodes 7, 8 parallel to the spiral electrode 5 have a length of 3 mm; they are welded to the opposite side of the respective power supply 3 or 4 and thus do not touch.
Messungen zeigen, dass durch die Ausstattung der oben beschriebenen kompakten Niederdruckentladungslampe mit zwei weiteren Elektroden als Opferelektroden bei Kaltstartbetrieb gegenüber einer gleichen Lampe ohne diese weiteren Elektroden eine Erhöhung der mittleren Schaltzahl um 10000 Schaltungen, d.h. Netzverbindun- gen erreichbar ist. Measurements show that by equipping the compact low-pressure discharge lamp described above with two further electrodes as sacrificial electrodes in cold start operation compared to the same lamp without these further electrodes, the average number of operations increased by 10,000 operations, i.e. Network connections can be reached.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Niederdruckentladungslampe mit einem im wesentlichen rohrförmigen und an den Enden gasdicht verschlossenen Entladungsgefäß (1) aus Glas, einer Füllung aus einem Edelgasgemisch und eventuell Quecksilber sowie eventuell einer Leuchtstoffbeschichtung auf der Innenwand des Entladungsgefäßes (1), wobei in die beiden Enden des Entladungsgefäßes (1) jeweils zwei Stromzuführungen (3, 4) gasdicht eingeschmolzenen sind, die im wesentlichen parallel zur Längsachse des Entladungsgefäßes (1) in diesem Abschnitt verlaufen und an deren innerem Ende eine im wesentlichen quer zur Längsachse des Entladungsgefäßes verlaufende Wendelelektrode (5) befestigt ist, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass zur Erhöhung der Schaltfestigkeit der Lampe bei Kaltstartbetrieb zumindest eine weitere Elektrode (7, 8) aus einem leitfähigen Material im Bereich zwischen der Wendelelektrode (5) und dem anschließenden Ende des Entladungsgefäßes (1) angeordnet ist, wobei ein Ende dieser weiteren Elektrode (7, 8) mit einer der beiden Stromzuführungen (3, 4) elektrisch ver- bunden ist.1.Low-pressure discharge lamp with an essentially tubular discharge vessel (1) which is sealed gas-tight at the ends, a filling made from a noble gas mixture and possibly mercury and possibly a phosphor coating on the inner wall of the discharge vessel (1), with the two ends of the discharge vessel ( 1) in each case two current leads (3, 4) are melted in a gas-tight manner, which run essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the discharge vessel (1) in this section and to whose inner end a spiral electrode (5) which runs essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the discharge vessel is fastened, characterized in that at least one further electrode (7, 8) made of a conductive material is arranged in the area between the filament electrode (5) and the subsequent end of the discharge vessel (1) to increase the switching strength of the lamp during cold start operation, one end this further electrode (7, 8 ) is electrically connected to one of the two power supply lines (3, 4).
2. Niederdruckentladungslampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die weitere Elektrode (7, 8) bei senkrechtem Blick auf die von den zwei Stromzuführungen (3,4) und der Wendelelektrode (5) gebildete Ebene größtenteils zwischen den zwei Stromzuführungen (3, 4) liegt.2. Low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the further electrode (7, 8) when looking vertically at the plane formed by the two current leads (3, 4) and the filament electrode (5) largely between the two current leads (3, 4 ) lies.
3. Niederdruckentladungslampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das leitfähige Material der weiteren Elektrode (7, 8) einen hohen Koeffizienten für die Sekundärelektronenemission besitzt.3. Low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive material of the further electrode (7, 8) has a high coefficient for the secondary electron emission.
4. Niederdruckentladungslampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das leitfähige Material der weiteren Elektrode (7, 8) Nickel und/oder Ru- thenium ist.4. Low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive material of the further electrode (7, 8) is nickel and / or ruthenium.
5. Niederdruckentladungslampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das leitfähige Material der weiteren Elektrode (7, 8) Wolfram ist. 5. Low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive material of the further electrode (7, 8) is tungsten.
6. Niederdruckentladungslampe nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die weitere Elektrode (7, 8) aus einem Draht besteht.6. Low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the further electrode (7, 8) consists of a wire.
7. Niederdruckentladungslampe nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Draht einen Drahtdurchmesser zwischen 50 und 150 μm besitzt. 8. Niederdruckentladungslampe nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die weitere Elektrode (7, 7. Low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 6, characterized in that the wire has a wire diameter between 50 and 150 microns. 8. Low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the further electrode (7,
8) im wesentlichen parallel zur Achse der Wendelelektrode (5) von der Stromzuführung (3, 4), mit der sie elektrisch verbunden ist, in Richtung der anderen Stromzuführung (3, 4) erstreckt.8) extends essentially parallel to the axis of the spiral electrode (5) from the power supply (3, 4) to which it is electrically connected, in the direction of the other power supply (3, 4).
9. Niederdruckentladungslampe nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die weitere Elektrode (7, 8) von der Stromzuführung (3, 4), mit der sie elektrisch verbunden ist, 40 bis 60 % des Abstandes zwischen den beiden Stromzuführungen (3, 4) in Richtung der anderen Stromzuführung (3, 4) erstreckt.9. Low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 8, characterized in that the further electrode (7, 8) from the power supply (3, 4) to which it is electrically connected, 40 to 60% of the distance between the two power supplies (3, 4th ) extends in the direction of the other power supply (3, 4).
10. Niederdruckentladungslampe nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das freie Ende der weiteren Elektrode (7, 8) in Richtung der Wendelelektrode (5) abgebogen ist.10. Low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the free end of the further electrode (7, 8) is bent in the direction of the filament electrode (5).
1 1. Niederdruckentladungslampe nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das freie Ende der weiteren Elektrode (7, 8) einen Abstand von (0,2 - 1) x innenro r von der Achse der Wendelelektrode (5) aufweist, wobei Rinneno r der innere Radius des Entladungsgefäßes (1) in diesem Abschnitt des Entladungsgefäßes (1) ist.1 1. Low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 10, characterized in that the free end of the further electrode (7, 8) has a distance of (0.2 - 1) x inne nr or from the axis of the filament electrode (5), wherein Ri nn eno r is the inner radius of the discharge vessel (1) in this section of the discharge vessel (1).
12. Niederdruckentladungslampe nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die weitere Elektrode (7, 8) in Bezug auf die Achse der Wendelelektrode um einen Winkel von kleiner gleich 45° gedreht an der Stromzuführung befes- tigt ist.12. The low-pressure discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the further electrode (7, 8) is fastened to the power supply by an angle of less than or equal to 45 ° with respect to the axis of the filament electrode.
13. Niederdruckentladungslampe nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lampe zwei weitere Elektroden (7, 8) besitzt, wobei jeweils ein Ende " jeder weiteren Elektrode (7, 8) mit einer der beiden Stromzuführungen (3, 4) derselben Wendelelektrode (5) verbunden ist, so dass an jeder der beiden Stromzuführungen (3, 4) eine weitere Elektrode (7, 8) elektrisch angeschlossen ist. 13. Low-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the lamp has two further electrodes (7, 8), one end "of each further electrode (7, 8) with one of the two power supply lines (3, 4) the same spiral electrode (5) is connected, so that a further electrode (7, 8) is electrically connected to each of the two power supply lines (3, 4).
EP04762554A 2004-01-29 2004-07-30 Low-pressure discharge lamp Not-in-force EP1709668B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004004655A DE102004004655A1 (en) 2004-01-29 2004-01-29 Low-pressure discharge lamp
PCT/DE2004/001709 WO2005074007A1 (en) 2004-01-29 2004-07-30 Low-pressure discharge lamp

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EP1709668A1 true EP1709668A1 (en) 2006-10-11
EP1709668B1 EP1709668B1 (en) 2008-09-10

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EP (1) EP1709668B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2007520034A (en)
CN (1) CN1906731B (en)
AT (1) ATE408238T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2554272A1 (en)
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US7893617B2 (en) * 2006-03-01 2011-02-22 General Electric Company Metal electrodes for electric plasma discharge devices
DE102006052760A1 (en) * 2006-11-08 2008-05-15 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Method for manufacturing and inserting an electrode frame with a lamp filament into a discharge vessel of a discharge lamp
DE102006052952A1 (en) * 2006-11-09 2008-05-15 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Discharge lamp with a discharge vessel and an electrode frame

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DE502004008052D1 (en) 2008-10-23
CN1906731B (en) 2010-04-28
JP2007520034A (en) 2007-07-19
WO2005074007A1 (en) 2005-08-11
US7385353B2 (en) 2008-06-10
CA2554272A1 (en) 2005-08-11
ATE408238T1 (en) 2008-09-15
DE102004004655A1 (en) 2005-08-18
EP1709668B1 (en) 2008-09-10
CN1906731A (en) 2007-01-31
US20070114941A1 (en) 2007-05-24

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