EP1703067A2 - Fire and smokeproof door for closing door openings - Google Patents

Abstract

Fire and smoke control door has a swing-door formed wing of the door (2), made of fire-proof material, which is connected pivotably with the door edge (1) around the vertical axis (4). The wing of door opens in both opening directions and closes in both closing positions. A door closure device (5) is provided for swinging the wings of door from opened position to closed closing position. A locking device (6,7,8,9) is provided for locking the wing of the door with the door edge in closing position. A seal is provided at the wing of the door or at the door edge for sealing the gap between the wing of the door or the door edge against smoke passage in the closing position.

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to a fire and smoke protection door for closing door openings, preferably in tunnel tubes.

Such fire and smoke protection doors are used to foreclose fire and smoke in structures. The spread of fire, smoke and other potentially toxic fire products can be prevented by fire and smoke protection doors. A special field of application are tunnel tubes, which serve the road or rail traffic.

The fire and smoke protection door according to the invention can be provided both for the passage of people and the passage of vehicles. The size of the door depends on the application. Large fire and smoke protection doors are also referred to as fire and smoke protection gates. These are also the subject of the invention.

The fire and smoke protection doors are normally closed. In the closed position, they must be the one built by the vehicles in the tunnel Withstand pressure. The vehicles in the tunnel generate both a negative pressure and an overpressure. The automatic opening of the fire and fire door by the pressure prevailing in the tunnel is prevented by a locking device. This locks the door or the door of the fire and smoke protection door with the door frame in the closed position. In the event of an accident or danger, people can escape through the fire and smoke protection door. For this purpose, the persons have to solve the door lock by manually pressing a door handle and open the door or the door by applying force in the direction of escape. It is crucial that the door can be opened by children and infirm persons. This applies both to the release of the lock as well as for moving the door or the door from the closed position to an open position. As soon as the force which forces the door leaf into an open position is removed, the door automatically closes due to a door closing device. The closed fire and smoke protection door prevents the spread of fire and smoke in case of fire.

However, a fire and smoke protection door should not only allow the escape of persons but also the access of rescue workers or ambulances to the scene of the accident. In this case, the fire and smoke protection door is used in the direction of escape opposite direction of rescue. In order to provide the widest possible escape and escape route available, such fire and smoke protection doors must have a corresponding width. In addition, there is a requirement that an open fire and smoke protection door does not protrude beyond the sidewalk provided between the tunnel wall and the roadway.

To prevent the spread of fire, fire and smoke protection doors are made of refractory materials. They can withstand the high temperatures that arise in the event of a fire over a certain period of time. Fire and smoke control doors are designed to withstand the high temperatures of a fire in terms of their duration can, classified. A corresponding classification is contained in DIN EN 1363/1 and in DIN 4102 Part 5.

To prevent the spread of smoke or other toxic fire products, the doors are provided with seals. These prevent in particular smoke or gases can pass the door to a greater extent in the closed position. Such seals are present in particular between the door leaf and the door frame.

Fire and smoke protection doors are known from the prior art, which are designed as double-wing swing doors with stop. One wing opens only in the direction of escape and the other wing only in the direction of rescue. The opening and closing directions of the two leaves are different. The regulations for such fire and smoke protection doors stipulate that the door must be opened in an emergency in the direction of movement of the persons concerned. Therefore, both the escape direction and the rescue direction must be provided in each case a door, the opening direction of the direction of movement of the persons for the escape or rescue case corresponds. A disadvantage proves in such known fire and smoke protection doors that the rescue and escape route is limited, since only one of the two leaves is available for opening.

The invention and its advantages

Compared to the known from the prior art swing doors, the fire and smoke protection door according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that the door or the door can be opened in both opening directions and closed in both closed positions. The fire and smoke protection door is a single-leaf or double-leaf swing door educated. Thus, the entire door opening is available both for the escape and for the rescue of persons. The axis of rotation is provided in the lateral area or at the lateral edge of the door or the leaf. The fire and smoke protection door has no door stop, as this allows the opening of the door wings only in an opening direction and prevents the other. The gasket is disposed in the space between the door panel (s) and the door trim. It is located either on the door leaf or on the door frame to the closed position in facing sides of the door leaf or the door frame. The seal extends along the top and bottom and the long sides of the door leaf and seals the area between the door leaf and the door frame completely. It ensures that the spread of smoke and other toxic fire products in both opening directions of the fire and smoke protection door is largely prevented. The seal is effective in both directions of movement of the door leaf. While a portion or portion of the gasket is secured to the door panel or to the door surround, the second portion or second portion of the gasket is movable and deformable relative to the first portion. The two parts can be connected to each other via an elastic web. The second part is compressed in the closed position of the door leaf between the door leaf and the door frame and applies itself to the deformation caused thereby both the door frame and the door leaf. This seals the area between the door frame and the door leaf. The peculiarity of the seal is that there is a corresponding sealing deformation of the seal for both closing directions in the same way.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the door or wings are designed as a double-walled metal door with a filling of refractory materials. These include, for example, plaster. This has the property that it separates water when exposed to high temperatures, resulting in a cooling of the door. In addition, other materials or Material combinations, such as silicate or glass fiber lightweight concrete are used.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, two parallel sealing profiles are provided as a seal, which are arranged at a certain distance from each other either on the or the door wings or on the door frame. The sealing profiles are fastened with a first section or first part on the door leaf or on the door frame, for example in a fold. The second portion or second part is preferably movable and deformable. He can thus follow the opening and closing of the door leaf in all possible directions and invest in the closed position on the door leaf. The use of two sealing profiles instead of one sealing profile enhances the ability to deform and thereby improve the sealing effect. In addition, the area between the door leaf and door surround is double sealed. Each of the two sealing profiles is assigned to one of the two sides of the door leaf. As a result, the seal of the fire and smoke protection door is reinforced in both opening and closing directions.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the sealing profile consists of a first part which is fixed to the door frame and a second part which is formed as a round sealing bead. The first part is movably connected to the second part via a web. On the surface facing the door leaf, the sealing bead has a sliding layer on the surface. This overlay consists of a coating on the sealing bead. The friction coefficient of the sliding layer is lower than that of the remaining surface of the sealing bead. This results in that the sealing profile only serves to seal the gap between the door frame and the door and the movement of the door when opening and closing the door does not or at most slows down to a lesser extent.

Preferably, the seal is located at the top and at the vertical sides of the door frame and at the bottom of the door leaf. This ensures that the seal when opening and closing the fire and smoke protection door and when passing people or vehicles is not damaged and least stressed. This leads to an increase in the life of the seal. In order to reduce wear of the seal on the underside of the door leaf by friction on the often rough ground, the ground can be designed sloping in the direction away from the door. The seal touches the ground so that only in the closed position and in sections in the close to the closed position possible positions.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, an intumescent, intumescent building material is provided in the intermediate space between the sealing profiles, which greatly increases its volume under the action of heat above a predetermined temperature. He fills the gap between the door and the door frame completely. The penetration of flames through the door is thereby prevented. An example of this is hydrous sodium silicate with Stapelglasseide. A typical temperature at which the building material swells is, for example, 200 ° Celsius.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, two door closing devices are provided on the door leaf. Each of the two door closing devices acts in one of the two closing directions. Instead, a door closing device in the door leaf or in the door frame can be integrated, which acts in both closing directions. Typically, a door closing device consists of a spring, which is deflected when the door is opened. As soon as the force opening the door is removed, the deflected spring ensures that the door returns to the closed position. Preferably, the force for opening the door and for deflecting the door closer is between 80 and 180 Newton, more preferably 100 newtons. This force is applied in the opening direction of the door. The force should not be greater, otherwise the door can not be opened by children or infirm persons. As a door closing device, for example, door closer with slide rail or scissors linkage are used. Particularly preferred is a frame door closing device is used, which is installed in the door frame or the door frame and therefore is not visible from the outside.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, an electric drive for moving the door leaf is provided from the closed position to the open position. This can be triggered, for example, by pressing the door handle of the locking device. The electric drive helps to open the door. Thanks to the drive, a small force is sufficient to guide the door from the closed position to the open position. The opening of the door is facilitated. Closing the door can also be assisted by the electric drive. In any case, the opening and closing of the door must be possible without drive in a power failure, for example, via stored energy.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the locking device consists of locking elements in the door leaf, from locking counterparts in the door frame and a door handle for manual operation of the locking elements. The blocking elements engage in at least two opposite sides of the door frame in the locking counterparts. Together with the axis of rotation, this results in at least four points at which the door leaf is connected to the door frame in the closed position. This storage and locking ensures that the fire and smoke protection door withstands the pressure load in a tunnel used by vehicles. In addition, the door does not detach from the door frame even when deformed by exposure to high temperatures.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the release force for retracting the locking elements from the locking counterparts 80 Newton.

Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description, the drawings and the claims.

drawing

Figur 1

Feuer- und Rauchschutztür in einer Ansicht von vorne,

Figur 2

Horizontalschnitt durch die Feuer- und Rauchschutztür gemäß Figur 1,

Figur 3

Vertikalschnitt durch die Feuer- und Rauchschutztür gemäß Figur 1,

Figur 4

Detail aus Figur 2 betreffend den Bereich, in dem der Türflügel an die Türeinfassung angelenkt ist,

Figur 5

Detail aus Figur 2 betreffend die Befestigung des Fensters an dem Türflügel,

Figur 6

Detail aus Figur 2 betreffend den Bereich, in dem der Türdrücker am Türflügel befestigt ist,

Figur 7

Detail aus Figur 3 betreffend den oberen Bereich der Feuer- und Rauchschutztür,

Figur 8

Detail aus Figur 3 betreffend den unteren Bereich der Feuer- und Rauchschutztür,

Figur 9

Feuer- und Rauchschutztür gemäß Figur 1 in Schließstellung in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Figur 10

Darstellung der Feuer- und Rauchschutztür gemäß Figur 9 mit teilweise freigelegter Türeinfassung,

Figur 11

Feuer- und Rauchschutztür gemäß Figur 1 in nach hinten geöffneter Stellung in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Figur 12

Darstellung der Feuer- und Rauchschutztür gemäß Figur 11 mit teilweise freigelegter Türeinfassung,

Figur 13

Feuer- und Rauchschutztür gemäß Figur 1 in nach vorne geöffneter Stellung in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Figur 14

Darstellung der Feuer- und Rauchschutztür gemäß Figur 13 mit teilweise freigelegter Türeinfassung.

In the drawing, an embodiment of a fire and smoke protection door according to the invention is shown. Show it:

FIG. 1

Fire and smoke protection door in a front view,

FIG. 2

Horizontal section through the fire and smoke protection door according to Figure 1,

FIG. 3

Vertical section through the fire and smoke protection door according to Figure 1,

FIG. 4

Detail of Figure 2 concerning the area in which the door leaf is hinged to the door frame,

FIG. 5

Detail of Figure 2 concerning the attachment of the window to the door leaf,

FIG. 6

Detail of Figure 2 concerning the area in which the door handle is attached to the door leaf,

FIG. 7

Detail from FIG. 3 concerning the upper area of the fire and smoke protection door,

FIG. 8

Detail from FIG. 3 concerning the lower area of the fire and smoke protection door,

FIG. 9

Fire and smoke protection door according to Figure 1 in the closed position in perspective,

FIG. 10

Illustration of the fire and smoke protection door according to FIG. 9 with partially exposed door frame,

FIG. 11

Fire and smoke protection door according to Figure 1 in the rearwardly open position in perspective,

FIG. 12

Illustration of the fire and smoke protection door according to FIG. 11 with partially exposed door trim, FIG.

FIG. 13

Fire and smoke protection door according to Figure 1 in the front open position in perspective view,

FIG. 14

Representation of the fire and smoke protection door according to Figure 13 with partially exposed door frame.

Description of the embodiment

Figures 1 to 8 show an embodiment of a fire and smoke protection door, which is designed as a swing door. The door frame 1 surrounds the door 2 on four sides. The door 2 is connected at the top and bottom by two bolts 3 rotatably connected to the door frame 1. The rotation takes place about the imaginary axis 4, which is shown in Figure 1 as a dashed line. This axis 4 extends at the lateral edge of the door leaf 2. The door leaf 2 can be opened in both opening directions. This is shown in FIGS. 9 to 14. For moving the door leaf 2 from an open position illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 14 into a closed position closing the door opening according to FIGS. 9 and 10, a door closing device is provided. The door closing device is a frame door closing device 5 integrated into the door frame. The frame door closing device acts in both possible closing directions. It thus causes a closing of the door from the two open positions shown in Figures 11 to 14. For locking the fire and smoke protection door in the closed position according to Figures 9 and 10, a locking device is provided. This consists of a door handle 6, a lock designed as a locking element 7 and not recognizable in the drawing lock counterparts in the door frame 1. The two bars of the locking element 7 have a vertical course and reach upwards and below with one acted upon by a spring 8 pin 9 in the door frame 1 a.

As shown in Figure 1, the door panel 2 is provided with a shield 10 having a surface reflecting the incident light and black writing and a window 11 of transparent glass. The window allows a user to recognize what is on the other side of the closed door leaf 2.

Figures 2 to 8 show the fire and smoke protection door according to Figure 1 in section. FIGS. 4 to 8 contain details from FIGS. 2 and 3. The door frame 1 designed as a door frame is filled with grout 12 inside. The door frame is connected by screws 13 to the masonry 14. Between the door frame 1 and the masonry 14 is a permanently elastic joint material 15, such as silicone. At both vertically extending sides and at the top of the door frame 1, two sealing profiles 16 and 17 are attached according to Figures 4, 6 and 7, respectively. They consist of a fixedly connected to the door frame 1 first part 18 and a door wing 2 facing the second part 19. The second part is connected via a web 20 with the first part and has a round cross-section. The second part is hollow inside. By this structure, the mobility of the second part of the sealing profile is increased relative to the first part and allows a sealing effect improving deformation. The second part 19 of the sealing profiles 16 and 17 applies in the closed position to the edges of the door leaf 2. The structure of the sealing profiles 16 and 17 also allows opening and closing of the door leaf in both directions and a reliable seal between door frame 1 and door 2 in the closed position regardless of which open position the door leaf moves to the closed position. In both cases, the second part 19 of the sealing profiles 16 and 17 follow the closing movement of the door leaf 2.

On the underside of the fire and smoke protection door, the door surround consists of a narrow frame profile 21, which drops flat to the sides. This structure avoids a heel that could stumble over a person. In addition, a flat ramp is formed, which prevents damage to the sealing profiles 22 and 23 when opening and closing the door. In contrast to the sealing profiles 16 and 17, the sealing profiles 22 and 23 are attached to the door leaf 2. While a first part 24 of the sealing profiles 22 and 23 is fixedly connected to the door leaf 2, the second part can follow the movement of the door leaf 2 during opening and closing due to its elasticity. In the closed position of the door according to FIGS. 9 and 10, the second part 25 of the sealing profiles 22 and 23 rests on the floor or on the frame profile 21.

Between the sealing profiles 16 and 17, a bar of an intumescent, an insulating layer forming building material 26 is disposed in the door frame. Under intense heat, the strip increases its volume and fills the entire area between the two sealing profiles 16 and 17, the narrow side of the door leaf 2 and the door frame 1. In this case, the door 2 is firmly connected to the door frame. Opening the door is then no longer possible. In this way, the spread of fire or smoke can be prevented.

The door 2 consists of several layers 27 of different materials. This is shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 8. These may be gypsum, silicate or glass fiber lightweight concrete slabs. The various layers 27 are covered to the outside by a metal plate 28.

All features of the invention may be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination with each other.

reference numerals

1

door frame

2

door

3

bolt

4

axis

5

Frame door closing device

6

door handles

7

blocking element

8th

feather

9

pen

10

sign

11

window

12

grout

13

screw

14

masonry

15

Permanently elastic joint material

16

weatherstrip

17

weatherstrip

18

first part of the sealing profile

19

second part of the sealing profile

20

web

21

frame profile

22

weatherstrip

23

weatherstrip

24

first part of the sealing profile

25

second part of the sealing profile

26

Insulating layer forming strip

27

Layer of the door leaf

28

metal plate

Claims (15)

Fire and smoke protection door for closing door openings preferably in tunnel tubes
with a door frame (1),
with at least one consisting of refractory material, a swing door-forming door leaf (2) which is rotatably connected about a vertical axis (4) with the door frame (1), wherein the door opens in both opening directions and closes in both closed positions, with at least one Door closing device (5) for moving the door leaf from an open position into a closed position closing the door opening,
with a locking device (6, 7, 8, 9) for locking the door leaf (2) with the door frame (1) in the closed position,
with a seal (16, 17, 22, 23) on the door leaf (2) and / or on the door frame (1) for sealing the gap between the door leaf and the door frame in the closed position against passage of smoke. Fire and smoke protection door according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of rotation (4) on the lateral edge of the door leaf (2) is provided. Fire and smoke protection door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the door leaf (2) consists of two metal plates (28) and a filling (27) made of refractory material between the metal plates. Fire and smoke door according to claim 3, characterized in that the filling consists of gypsum, silicate and / or glass fiber lightweight concrete. Fire and smoke door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as a seal two parallel sealing profiles (16, 17, 22, 23) are provided, that the sealing profiles a first fixedly connected to the door leaf or the door enclosure part (18, 24 ) and a second part movable relative to the first part (19, 25), and that the second part (19, 25) is movable in the opening directions and closing directions of the door leaf (2). Fire and smoke door according to claim 5, characterized in that the sealing profiles (16, 17) are fixed to the door leaf (2). Fire and smoke door according to claim 5, characterized in that the sealing profiles (22, 23) are fixed to the door frame (1). Fire and smoke protection door according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that in the intermediate space between the two sealing profiles (16, 17) an intumescent, an insulating layer-forming building material (26) is provided which under the action of heat above a predetermined temperature its volume greatly increased to fill the gap between the door (2) and the door frame (1). Fire and smoke door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on each side of the door leaf (2) a door closing device is provided, and that each of the two door closing devices acts in a closing direction. Fire and smoke protection door according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the door leaf (2) or in the door frame (1) a door closing device (5) is integrated, which acts in both closing directions. Fire and smoke protection door according to claim 10, characterized in that there is provided as a door closing device in the door frame (1) integrated frame door closing device (5). Fire and smoke protection door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the force for moving the door leaf (2) from the closed position to an open position and for deflecting the door closing device between 80 and 180 N, in particular 100 N. Fire and smoke protection door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electric drive is provided to move the door leaf (2) from the closed position to the open position. Fire and smoke protection door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking means of locking elements (7, 8, 9) in the door leaf (2), from Sperrgegenstücken in the Door surround and a door handle (6) for manual actuation of the locking elements, and that the locking elements engage in the locking counterparts on at least two opposite sides of the door frame (1). Fire and smoke door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the release force for retracting the locking elements (7) from the locking counterparts 80 N is.

Images