EP1703066A2 - Fire and smokeproof door - Google Patents

Abstract

The door has two door blades (2, 3), which are made of fire-proof material and are connected with each other. The door blades are connected pivotedly with a door case at a vertical axis (5), which runs between the door blades. A door closing unit moves the blades from an opened position to a closed position. The blades, in the opened position, are aligned parallel to escape and rescue directions. Locking units lock the blades with the case in the closed position. Sealants seal a gap between the blades and the case in the closed position against smoke passage.

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to a fire and smoke protection door for closing door openings, preferably in tunnel tubes.

Such fire and smoke protection doors are used to foreclose fire and smoke in structures. The spread of fire, smoke and other potentially toxic fire products can be prevented by fire and smoke protection doors. A special field of application are tunnel tubes, which serve the road or rail traffic.

The fire and smoke protection door according to the invention can be provided both for the passage of people and the passage of vehicles. The size of the door depends on the application. Large fire and smoke protection doors are also referred to as fire and smoke protection gates.
These are also the subject of the invention.

The fire and smoke protection doors are normally closed. In the closed position, they must be the one built by the vehicles in the tunnel Withstand pressure. The vehicles generate both a negative pressure and an overpressure. The automatic opening of the fire and fire door by the pressure prevailing in the tunnel is prevented by a locking device. This locks the door or the door of the fire and smoke protection door with the door frame in the closed position. In the event of an accident or danger, people can escape through the fire and smoke protection door. For this purpose, the persons have to solve the door lock by manually pressing a door handle and open the door or the door by applying force in the direction of escape. It is crucial that the door can be opened by children and infirm persons. This applies both to the release of the lock as well as for moving the door or the door from the closed position to an open position. As soon as the force which forces the door leaf into an open position is removed, the door automatically closes due to a door closing device. The closed fire and smoke protection door prevents the spread of fire and smoke in case of fire.

However, a fire and smoke protection door should not only allow the escape of persons but also the access of rescue workers or ambulances to the scene of the accident. In this case, the fire and smoke protection door is used in the direction of escape opposite direction of rescue. In order to provide the widest possible escape and escape route available, such fire and smoke protection doors must have a corresponding width. In addition, there is a requirement that an open fire and smoke protection door does not protrude beyond the sidewalk provided between the tunnel wall and the roadway.

To prevent the spread of fire, fire and smoke protection doors are made of refractory materials. They can withstand the high temperatures that arise in the event of a fire over a certain period of time. Fire and smoke control doors are designed to withstand the high temperatures of a fire in terms of their duration can, classified. A corresponding classification is contained in DIN EN 1363/1 and in DIN 4102 Part 5.

To prevent the spread of smoke or other toxic fire products, the doors are provided with seals. These prevent in particular smoke or gases can pass the door to a greater extent in the closed position. Such seals are present in particular between the door leaf and the door frame.

Fire and smoke protection doors are known from the prior art, which are designed as double-wing swing doors with stop. One wing opens only in the direction of escape and the other wing only in the direction of rescue. The opening and closing directions of the two leaves are different. The regulations for such fire and smoke protection doors stipulate that the door must be opened in an emergency in the direction of movement of the persons concerned. Therefore, both the escape direction and the rescue direction must be provided in each case a door, the opening direction of the direction of movement of the persons for the escape or rescue case corresponds. A disadvantage proves in such known fire and smoke doors that the rescue and escape route is limited, since only one of the two leaves is available for opening.

The invention and its advantages

Compared with the known from the prior art swing doors, the fire and smoke protection door according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that the door or the wings form a rotary axis door. If the door is rotated by 90 ° about the central axis of rotation and thereby transferred from the closed position to the open position, the entire Door opening opened. The two leaves are aligned in the open position parallel to the escape and rescue direction and therefore do not restrict the escape and rescue route or only to a very limited extent. This is a large escape and rescue route available. The part of the door leaf on which the opening force must act to open the door is advantageously marked accordingly. For this purpose, for example, colored markers are suitable.

The gasket is disposed in the space between the door panel (s) and the door trim. It is located either on the door leaf or on the door frame to the closed position in facing sides of the door leaf or the door frame. The seal extends along the top and bottom and the long sides of the door leaf and seals the area between the door leaf and the door frame completely. It ensures that the spread of smoke and other toxic fire products in both directions of movement of the fire and smoke protection door is largely prevented. The seal is effective in both directions of movement of the door leaf. While a portion or portion of the gasket is secured to the door panel or to the door surround, the second portion or second portion of the gasket is movable and deformable relative to the first portion. The two parts can be connected to each other via an elastic web. The second part is compressed in the closed position of the door leaf between the door leaf and the door frame and applies itself to the deformation caused thereby both the door frame and the door leaf. This seals the area between the door frame and the door leaf.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the door or wings are designed as a double-walled metal door with a filling of refractory materials. These include, for example, plaster. This has the property that it separates water when exposed to high temperatures, resulting in a cooling of the door. In addition, other materials or Material combinations, such as silicate or glass fiber lightweight concrete are used.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a stop for the door is provided so that it can be opened only in one direction and closed in the other direction.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the axis about which the door wings are rotatable in the middle between the two door leaves. The two leaves are advantageously the same size.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, two parallel sealing profiles are provided as a seal, which are arranged at a certain distance from each other either on the or the door wings or on the door frame. The sealing profiles are fastened with a first section or first part on the door leaf or on the door frame, for example in a fold. The second portion or second part is preferably movable and deformable. He can thus follow the opening and closing of the door leaf and invest in the closed position to the door leaf. The use of two sealing profiles instead of one sealing profile enhances the ability to deform and thereby improve the sealing effect. In addition, the area between the door leaf and door surround is double sealed. Each of the two sealing profiles is assigned to one of the two sides of the door leaf. As a result, the seal of the fire and smoke protection door is reinforced in both opening and closing directions.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the sealing profile consists of a first part which is fixed to the door frame and a second part which is formed as a round sealing bead. The first part is movably connected to the second part via a web. On the surface facing the door leaf, the sealing bead has a sliding layer on the surface. This overlay consists of a coating on the sealing bead. The friction coefficient of the sliding layer is lower than that of the remaining surface of the sealing bead. This results in that the sealing profile only serves to seal the gap between the door frame and the door wings and does not slow down the movement of the door leaf when opening and closing the door or at most to a lesser extent.

Preferably, the seal is located at the top and at the vertical sides of the door frame and at the bottom of the door leaf. This ensures that the seal when opening and closing the fire and smoke protection door and when passing people or vehicles is not damaged and least stressed. This leads to an increase in the life of the seal. In order to reduce wear of the seal on the underside of the door leaf by friction on the often rough ground, the ground can be made sloping in the direction away from the door frame direction. The seal touches the ground so that only in the closed position and in sections in the close to the closed position possible positions.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, an intumescent, intumescent building material is provided in the intermediate space between the sealing profiles, which greatly increases its volume under the action of heat above a predetermined temperature. He fills the gap between the door and the door frame completely. The penetration of flames through the door is thereby prevented. An example of this is hydrous sodium silicate with Stapelglasseide. A typical temperature at which the building material swells is, for example, 200 ° Celsius.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, one or two door closing devices are provided on the door leaf. In the case of two door-closing devices, these are located on different sides of the axle, respectively, around the door the door is rotatably mounted. Typically, a door closing device consists of a spring, which is deflected when the door is opened. As soon as the force opening the door is removed, the deflected spring ensures that the door returns to the closed position. Preferably, the force for opening the door and for deflecting the door closer is between 80 and 180 Newton, more preferably 100 Newton. This force is applied in the opening direction of the door. The force should not be greater, otherwise the door can not be opened by children or infirm persons. As a door closing devices, for example, door closers with slide rail, with scissors linkage, with floor closer or a frame door closing device can be used.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, an electric drive for moving the door leaf is provided from the closed position to the open position. This can be triggered, for example, by pressing the door handle of the locking device. The electric drive helps to open the door. Thanks to the drive, a small force is sufficient to guide the door from the closed position to the open position. The opening of the door is facilitated. Closing the door can also be assisted by the electric drive. In any case, in the event of a power failure, it must be possible to open and close the door without a drive, for example by storing stored energy.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the locking device consists of locking elements in the door leaf, from locking counterparts in the door frame and a door handle for manual operation of the locking elements. The blocking elements engage in at least two opposite sides of the door frame in the locking counterparts. Together with the axis of rotation, this results in at least four points at which the door leaf is connected to the door frame in the closed position. This storage and locking ensures that the fire and smoke door of the pressure load in a used by vehicles Tunnel withstands. In addition, the door does not detach from the door frame even when deformed by exposure to high temperatures.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the release force for retracting the locking elements from the locking counterparts 80 Newton.

Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description, the drawings and the claims.

drawing

Figur 1

Feuer- und Rauchschutztür in einer Ansicht von vorne,

Figur 2

Horizontalschnitt durch die Feuer- und Rauchschutztür gemäß Figur 1,

Figur 3

Vertikalschnitt durch die Feuer- und Rauchschutztür gemäß Figur 1,

Figur 4

Detail aus Figur 2 betreffend den Bereich, in dem die beiden Türflügel miteinander verbunden sind,

Figur 5

Detail aus Figur 2 betreffend die Befestigung des Fensters an dem Türflügel,

Figur 6

Detail aus Figur 2 betreffend den Bereich, in dem der Türdrücker am Türflügel befestigt ist,

Figur 7

Detail aus Figur 3 betreffend den oberen Bereich der Feuer- und Rauchschutztür,

Figur 8

Detail aus Figur 3 betreffend den unteren Bereich der Feuer- und Rauchschutztür,

Figur 9

Feuer- und Rauchschutztür gemäß Figur 1 in Schließstellung in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Figur 10

Darstellung der Feuer- und Rauchschutztür gemäß Figur 9 mit teilweise freigelegter Türeinfassung,

In the drawing, an embodiment of a fire and smoke protection door according to the invention is shown. Show it:

FIG. 1

Fire and smoke protection door in a front view,

FIG. 2

Horizontal section through the fire and smoke protection door according to Figure 1,

FIG. 3

Vertical section through the fire and smoke protection door according to Figure 1,

FIG. 4

Detail of Figure 2 concerning the area in which the two door leaves are interconnected,

FIG. 5

Detail of Figure 2 concerning the attachment of the window to the door leaf,

FIG. 6

Detail of Figure 2 concerning the area in which the door handle is attached to the door leaf,

FIG. 7

Detail from FIG. 3 concerning the upper area of the fire and smoke protection door,

FIG. 8

Detail from FIG. 3 concerning the lower area of the fire and smoke protection door,

FIG. 9

Fire and smoke protection door according to Figure 1 in the closed position in perspective,

FIG. 10

Illustration of the fire and smoke protection door according to FIG. 9 with partially exposed door frame,

Description of the embodiment

Figures 1 to 10 show an embodiment of a fire and smoke protection door, which is designed as a rotary axis door. A door frame 1 encloses two rigidly connected door leaves 2 and 3 on four sides. The door leaves 2 and 3 are connected at the top and bottom by two bolts 4 rotatably connected to the door frame 1. The rotation takes place about the imaginary axis 5, which is shown in Figure 1 as a dashed line. The leaves 2 and 3 open in one direction and close in the opposite direction. This is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. For moving the door leaves 2 and 3 from an open position illustrated in FIG. 10 into a closed position closing the door opening, a door closing device is provided according to FIG. The door closing device is a frame door closing device 6 integrated into the door frame. For locking the fire and smoke protection door in the closed position according to FIG. 9, a locking device is provided. This consists of a door handle 7, a trained as a bolt locking elements 8 and not recognizable in the drawing lock counterparts in the door frame 1. Here, a door handle 7 and a blocking element 8 is arranged in each door 2, 3. The door handle 7 has only on one side of each door leaf 2, 3 a handle. The handle of the door handle 2 arranged on the door handle 7 is located on the side facing the viewer of Figure 1, while the handle of the arranged on the door leaf 3 lever handle 7 is located on the side facing away from the viewer. This ensures that a person immediately recognizes without instruction on which of the two leaves it has to exercise a force to open. The two bars of the locking elements 8 have a vertical course and engage up and down with each acted upon by a spring 9 pin 10 in the door frame 1 a. Thus, both locking elements 8 solve when pressing a door handle 7, the two locking elements 8 are connected to each other via a cross-link 11. This runs within the two leaves 2, 3 and is not visible from the outside.

As shown in Figure 1, the door leaf 2 is provided with a shield 12 having a surface reflecting the incident light and black writing. The door 3 also has on the opposite side of such a plate, which is indicated in the drawing only by a dashed line, since it is not visible in this view. The two signs 12 also indicate to a person which of the two door leaves must be operated to open them. In addition, the two leaves 2, 3 are each equipped with a window 13 made of transparent glass. The window allows a user to recognize what is on the other side of the closed door leaves 2, 3.

Figures 2 to 8 show the fire and smoke protection door according to Figure 1 in section. FIGS. 4 to 8 contain details from FIGS. 2 and 3. The door frame 1 designed as a door frame is filled with grout 14 inside. The door frame is connected by screws 15 to the masonry 16. Between the door frame 1 and the masonry 16 is a permanently elastic joint material 17, such as silicone. At both vertically extending sides and at the top of the door frame 1, two sealing profiles 18 and 19 are attached according to Figures 4, 6 and 7, respectively. They consist of a fixedly connected to the door frame 1 first part 20 and the door wings 2, 3 facing the second part 21. The second part is connected via a web 22 with the first part and has a round cross-section. The second part is hollow inside. By this structure, the mobility of the second part of the sealing profile is increased relative to the first part and allows a sealing effect improving deformation. The second part 21 of the Sealing profiles 18 and 19 settles in the closed position on the edges of the door leaves 2, 3. The structure of the sealing profiles 18 and 19 also allows opening and closing of the door leaf in the respective directions and a reliable seal between the door frame 1 and the door leaves 2 and 3 in the closed position. The second part 21 of the sealing profiles 18 and 19 can follow the closing movement of the door leaves 2 and 3.

On the underside of the fire and smoke protection door, the door surround consists of a narrow frame profile 23, which slopes down to the sides. This structure avoids a heel that could stumble over a person. In addition, a flat ramp is formed, which prevents damage to the sealing profiles 24 and 25 when opening and closing the door. In contrast to the sealing profiles 18 and 19, the sealing profiles 24 and 25 are fixed to the door wings 2 and 3. While a first part 26 of the sealing profiles 24 and 25 is fixedly connected to the door wings 2 and 3, the second part 27 can follow the movement of the door wings 2, 3 during opening and closing due to its elasticity. In the closed position of the door according to FIG. 9, the second part 27 of the sealing profiles 24 and 25 rests on the floor or on the frame profile 23.

Between the sealing profiles 18 and 19, a bar of an intumescent, an insulating layer forming building material 28 is arranged in the door frame. Under intense heat, the strip increases its volume and fills the entire area between the two sealing profiles 18 and 19, the narrow side of the door leaf 2, 3 and the door frame 1 from. The door leaves 2 and 3 are firmly connected to the door frame. Opening the door is then no longer possible. In this way, the spread of fire or smoke can be prevented.

The door leaves 2 and 3 consist of several layers 29 of different materials. This is shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 8. These may be gypsum, silicate or glass fiber lightweight concrete slabs. The different layers 29 are covered to the outside by metal plates 30.

The two leaves 2 and 3 are connected by two connecting plates 31 and 32 rigidly together. This is shown in detail in FIG. The two connecting plates 31 and 32 are placed on the outside of the door and fastened to the door wings with screws 33. They extend from the bottom edge to the top edge of the door leaves. This can be seen in FIG. Instead of two interconnected via connecting plates door wings, the two leaves can also consist of one piece.

All features of the invention may be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination with each other.

reference numerals

1

door frame

2

door

3

door

4

bolt

5

axis

6

Frame door closing device

7

door handles

8th

blocking element

9

feather

10

pen

11

cross connection

12

sign

13

window

14

grout

15

screw

16

masonry

17

Permanently elastic joint material

18

weatherstrip

19

weatherstrip

20

first part of the sealing profile

21

second part of the sealing profile

22

web

23

frame profile

24

weatherstrip

25

weatherstrip

26

first part of the sealing profile

27

second part of the sealing profile

28

Insulating layer forming strip

29

Layer of the door leaf

30

metal plate

31

connecting plate

32

connecting plate

33

screw

Claims (13)

Fire and smoke protection door for closing door openings preferably in tunnel tubes with a door surround (1),
comprising at least two doors (2, 3) which are rigidly connected to one another and which are made of refractory material and which are rotatably connected to the door frame about a vertical axis (5), the axis (5) being arranged between the two door leaves (2, 3) runs,
with at least one door closing device (6) for moving the door leaves (2, 3) from an open position into a closed position closing the door opening,
with a locking device (7, 8, 9, 10) for locking the door leaves (2, 3) with the door frame (1) in the closed position,
with a seal (18, 19, 24, 25) on the door wings (2, 3) and / or on the door frame (1) for sealing the gap between the door wings (2, 3) and the door frame (1) in the closed position against passage of smoke. Fire and smoke protection door according to claim 1, characterized in that a stop for the door leaves (2, 3) is provided on the door frame (1). Fire and smoke door according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the axis of rotation (5) in the middle between the two door leaves (2, 3) is provided. Fire and smoke protection door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the door leaves (2, 3) consist of two metal plates (30) with a filling of refractory material (29). Fire and smoke protection door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as a seal two parallel sealing profiles (18, 19, 24, 25) are provided, and that the sealing profiles (18, 19, 24, 25) a part (21, 27) iron, which in the opening direction and closing direction of the door (2, 3) is movable. Fire and smoke door according to claim 5, characterized in that the sealing profiles (24, 25) on the door wings (2, 3) are attached. Fire and smoke door according to claim 5, characterized in that the sealing profiles (18, 19) are fixed to the door frame (1). Fire and smoke protection door according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that in the intermediate space between the two sealing profiles (18, 19) a building material (28) is provided, the volume under the action of heat above a predetermined temperature by foaming strong enlarged to fill the gap between the door wings (2, 3) and the door frame (1). Fire and smoke protection door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the force for moving the door leaves (2, 3) from the closed position to an open position and for deflecting the door closing device (6) between 80 and 180 N, particularly preferably 100 N. is. Fire and smoke protection door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electric drive is provided to move the door leaves (2, 3) from the closed position to the open position. Fire and smoke door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking device of locking elements (8) in the door wings (2, 3), from counter-locking pieces in the door frame (1) and at least one door handle (7) for manual actuation of Barrier elements (8) are made, and that the locking elements engage in the locking counterparts on at least two opposite sides of the door frame (1). Fire and smoke door according to claim 11, characterized in that on each door (2, 3) at least one locking element (8) and at least one door handle (7) is provided, and that the two locking elements (8) via a transverse connection (11) are connected to each other and by a respective door handle (7) can be actuated. Fire and smoke door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the release force for retracting the locking elements (8) from the locking counterparts 80 N is.

Images