EP1689951B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines blocks aus beton und ein block aus beton - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung eines blocks aus beton und ein block aus beton Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1689951B1
EP1689951B1 EP04805843A EP04805843A EP1689951B1 EP 1689951 B1 EP1689951 B1 EP 1689951B1 EP 04805843 A EP04805843 A EP 04805843A EP 04805843 A EP04805843 A EP 04805843A EP 1689951 B1 EP1689951 B1 EP 1689951B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
band
stretched
longitudinal
twisted
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EP04805843A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1689951A1 (de
Inventor
Marcel Matiere
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Societe Civile de Brevets Matiere
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Societe Civile de Brevets Matiere
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Priority to EP09173849.2A priority Critical patent/EP2141300B1/de
Publication of EP1689951A1 publication Critical patent/EP1689951A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0604—Prismatic or cylindrical reinforcement cages composed of longitudinal bars and open or closed stirrup rods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/065—Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a method for producing a concrete part and relates more specifically to a concrete part provided with a reinforcement cage having multiple advantages and allowing, in particular, to considerably increase the level of stress. from which detrimental cracks may form.
  • reinforced concrete is based on the combination of two materials with complementary properties, concrete which has a high compressive strength, but a very low tensile strength, and steel, which has excellent tensile strength and is protected from corrosion in the air when it is embedded in the concrete.
  • the two materials having, in addition, adjacent expansion coefficients, their combination allows to achieve composite parts having the durability qualities of concrete and can, however, withstand moments or bending forces.
  • Such a part comprises, under the effect of the applied stresses, two parts located on either side of a neutral axis, respectively a compressed part subjected to compression forces absorbed mainly by the concrete and a stretched part subjected to tensile stresses absorbed mainly by at least one stretched longitudinal reinforcement of the reinforcement cage embedded in the concrete.
  • This reinforcement cage comprises, usually, two layers of longitudinal bars, extending respectively along the stretched face and the compressed face of the part and connected by transverse reinforcements called stirrups.
  • the reinforcements must be located at a minimum distance from the outer surface of the part, called the "embedding distance".
  • the stirrups are smaller diameter threads which turn around the bars and it is therefore with respect to these stirrups that a minimum coating distance must be left, which increases the distance between the center of gravity of the longitudinal bar and the corresponding facing face.
  • stirrups also consisting of flat bands, can be welded to the inner faces of the longitudinal bars, which allows, for equal strength, to reduce the overall thickness of the part.
  • the document US-A-887,863 also discloses a reinforcing cage consisting of flat bars of rectangular section and describes a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a concrete piece according to the preamble of claim 10. In this case, to reduce the amount of metal required, produces a triangular cage with, in the stretched portion, two lower frames spaced from each other and, in the compressed portion, a single upper frame.
  • Each lower reinforcement comprises a longitudinal flat strip extending over the entire length of the part and perpendicular to the facing face thereof, this longitudinal strip being associated with several strips of different lengths each comprising a central portion contiguous to the strip longitudinal and two inclined parts which form stirrups of connection with the upper armature and which are twisted by rotation about their longitudinal axis, to allow the change of orientation and the attachment of these inclined portions on the upper frame also consists of a flat strip perpendicular to the facing face of the workpiece.
  • this twisting ensures the anchoring in concrete of these inclined portions that resist shear forces and deviate towards the ends of the piece, in the upper part thereof. Because of the different lengths of the contiguous strips, the thickness of steel resistant to tensile stresses is greater in the central part and decreases towards the ends.
  • the part is more heavily armed in the most stressed parts, which allows, overall, to reduce the amount of steel needed.
  • the reinforcement cage comprises two plies spaced from intersecting flat bars, between which are placed two other intersecting webs of flat bars twisted along their entire length.
  • This document therefore aims to achieve a thick wall extremely resistant, which behaves absolutely not like a conventional piece of reinforced concrete of the usual type, such as a slab or a beam, to withstand especially bending forces.
  • a reinforced concrete part behaves like a composite part that deforms in a block with transfer of forces between the two components.
  • it is usually sought to improve the transfer bond between the reinforcement and the concrete, for example by using so-called high-adhesion bars, which are notched on their entire surface. length.
  • the ends of these bars are usually bent to form anchoring butts that increase the reinforcement length embedded in the concrete and, therefore, the transfer length of the internal forces between the reinforcement and the concrete .
  • high-adhesion bars which are notched on their entire surface. length.
  • the ends of these bars are usually bent to form anchoring butts that increase the reinforcement length embedded in the concrete and, therefore, the transfer length of the internal forces between the reinforcement and the concrete .
  • These cracks unavoidable in practice, may be admitted as long as their width is fairly small, for example less than 3/10 of a millimeter, to prevent the penetration of air and water until contact with the armature.
  • the subject of the invention is a new method for producing concrete moldings that makes it possible to solve such problems by using a new type of reinforcement reinforcement, which makes it possible in particular to reduce the risk of cracking at equal solicitations.
  • the method makes it possible to considerably improve the resistance to extreme stresses, the concrete parts thus produced being able to have a very high degree of flexibility and benefit from a high degree of safety between the appearance of the first cracks and the complete failure of the cracks. 'work.
  • This advantage is particularly interesting for the construction of structures or buildings in areas subject to seismic risk.
  • the invention therefore applies, in a general manner, to the production of a concrete part according to claim 1.
  • the idea of the invention is, on the contrary, to make separate locking zones, in which the reinforcement, because it consists of a flat strip, is supported in the concrete by a wide face, without risk of exceeding the permissible limit of concrete compression and, from a certain level of stress, to leave the part of the reinforcement comprised between two compression zones, free to slide slightly with respect to the concrete which surrounds it, after detachment thereof, so that the effect of elongation of the reinforcement resulting from the traction forces applied is always distributed over the entire length between two blocking zones, which avoids stress concentrations that can lead to a rupture of the armature in case of extreme stress.
  • the width and the thickness of a stretched longitudinal reinforcement in the form of a strip can be determined according to a maximum tensile force to be absorbed, on the one hand in order to obtain a cross-section sufficient for the absorption said maximum force remaining in the elastic range and secondly, so that, in each blocking zone, the part of the concrete on which the band bears by its wide face, is subjected to a compressive stress not exceeding one allowable limit.
  • the central portion of the stretched strip between two twisted parts is oriented so that its broad face is substantially parallel to the taut longitudinal face of the workpiece.
  • each blocking zone is made by curving the flat strip around a transverse axis, so as to form an anchoring buttstock bearing on the concrete by a wide face.
  • This crossbar may consist of a distribution thread.
  • the reinforcement cage usually comprises several longitudinal sectors interconnected by distribution threads consisting of bars perpendicular to the longitudinal main bars, the assembly constituting a sheet of reinforcement.
  • These distribution threads can be welded to the longitudinal bars, whose flat strip shape allows for particularly strong welds.
  • Each welded junction may constitute a blocking zone, the distribution thread being supported in the concrete on either side of the longitudinal bar.
  • each sector of the reinforcement cage comprises at least two longitudinal bars respectively compressed and tensioned and interconnected by connecting stirrups.
  • the compressed frames also consist of flat strips.
  • the connecting stirrups may each consist of at least one flat strip secured to the reinforcements by welding beads or glued portions extending over a length equal to the width of the band, and therefore, particularly resistant.
  • each band constituting a stirrup is inclined relative to the direction of the tensioned bar and the whole of the welded joint between these two flat strips of different orientation, forms a kind of corner bearing on the concrete.
  • each blocking zone between the tensile reinforcement and the concrete may be constituted by a joining junction between the tensioned frame and a band-shaped connecting stirrup.
  • the strip-shaped tensile reinforcement can be split axially over a certain length, the two band portions thus formed being spaced apart from one another to form a transverse passage opening of at least one rigid bar section likely to bear on the concrete on both sides of the longitudinal strip, in the opposite direction to the tensile force applied to the longitudinal reinforcement.
  • This embodiment is not part of the invention.
  • This rigid bar may be a distribution wire passing through the longitudinal strip in the plane thereof, or a simple bar section passing through the longitudinal strip perpendicular to its plane.
  • each longitudinal reinforcement may comprise at least two contiguous strips extending longitudinally, substantially in the extension of one another and subjected to traction forces in opposite directions, the two contiguous strips overlapping on a certain length and ending respectively, on both sides of the cover, by two sticks facing towards each other, which thus tend to get closer under the effect of the opposite tensile forces applied to the two corresponding bands, by inducing the compression of a concrete core between the two ends, on said lap length.
  • the reinforcement cage consists of parallel sectors connected by distribution threads
  • the latter can pass inside the ends of two neighboring sectors, so as to transmit to the concrete part between said sectors, the compression efforts induced, in each sector, by the tendency towards the opposite ends.
  • the two contiguous strips forming the longitudinal reinforcement of each sector of the cage may constitute two strands of a single band ending in opposite butts and forming a loop between two separated levels, so as to surround a concrete core set in compression by clamping said loop under the effect of traction forces applied in opposite directions on the two strands of the longitudinal reinforcement.
  • the longitudinal reinforcement may consist of a series of consecutive strips each having two curved ends in the form of a butt, the adjacent ends of two consecutive strips being placed next to the other partially overlapping so as to limit a passage space, in the transverse direction, of at least one bar section forming a connecting key between the two consecutive strips.
  • the longitudinal reinforcement then behaves like a tensioned chain consisting of a series of links each formed of a band and connected in pairs by pairs of adjacent sticks keyed together.
  • the longitudinal reinforcement comprises a stack of flat strips arranged on at least two superimposed levels, respectively a first level, the closest to a stretched longitudinal face of the piece comprising a band, with two stick-shaped ends turned towards the inside of the piece and at least a second level comprising at least two substantially parallel flat strips arranged side by side with each two end-shaped sticks, respectively internal and external, and said strips of the second level overlap over a certain length, so that their inner ends in the form of sticks are turned towards each other.
  • the part thus comprises at least one portion forming a core between the inner ends of the two strips and set in compression by the tendency towards the one towards the other of said internal butts under the effect of the tensile forces applied in the directions opposing on the corresponding bands, and two extreme parts each included between the outer hooks of the bands of the first and the second level and put in compression by the tendency to inward approximation of each external butt of the band of the first level under the effect of the tensile force supported by said band. It is thus possible to compress the entire concrete of the room.
  • this concrete part 1 which constitutes, in the example shown in the drawings, a slab having two planar faces, respectively bottom and top 21, is a molded part made by casting a mass of concrete 2 in a formwork, after placing in it a reinforcement cage 3 comprising two reinforcement plies, respectively lower and upper 30 ', substantially parallel to the two faces 20, 21 of the slab 1.
  • the reinforcement cage 3 normally consists of several sectors S1, S2, ... centered, respectively, in planes P1, P2 ... parallel to a longitudinal axis of the part 1, that is to say in terms of figure 1 and each comprising a lower longitudinal reinforcement 31 and an upper longitudinal reinforcement 31 'which are interconnected in the plane P1, P2 of the sector S1, S2 by transverse reinforcements called stirrups, which are not shown on the Figures 1 and 2 .
  • the part in concrete 1 can be divided into two parts located on either side of a neutral axis 10 respectively a compressed portion 11 'between the neutral axis 10 and the face 21 on which the forces are applied and a stretched portion 11 s extending to face 20 opposed to efforts.
  • the reinforcement cage 3 differs from the cages usually produced by the fact that, according to a provision described in the patent application FR-A-2,814,480 of the same inventor, at least the longitudinal reinforcements 31 situated in the stretched portion 11 of the part and extending at a short distance from the bottom face 20 are constituted by flat metal bars 4 with a rectangular section, with one face wide 41 and a narrow face 42, each flat bar thus consisting of a metal strip having a width I substantially greater than its thickness e.
  • the compressed armatures 31 ' are also constituted by flat bars but, for economy, it would also be possible to use conventional round bars.
  • the cross section (lxe) of the strip 4 is calculated, conventionally, as a function of the tensile forces to bear in view of the stresses applied to the part 1. Indeed, under the effect of the load M the part 1 tends to bend slightly, each longitudinal reinforcement 31 of the lower ply 30 being subjected to a tensile stress which tends to lengthen it.
  • notched reinforcement bars are generally used in order to improve the transfer bond between the reinforcement and the concrete, thereby producing a composite part which is usually sought after. increase rigidity to avoid the appearance of harmful cracks.
  • each blocking area B, B ' can be achieved simply by deflecting the corresponding part of the stretched reinforcement 31, which is gradually and progressively varied. continues the orientation of its wide face relative to the longitudinal stretched face 20 of the part so that, in this area, the band 4 forming the frame 31 is supported in the concrete, mainly by its wide side 41, in the opposite direction to the tensile force absorbed.
  • each locking zone B, B ' is made by twisting the strip 4 over a certain length L1, with a progressive rotation of its wide face 41 about its longitudinal axis 40.
  • the band is twisted on a complete turn. If we consider a horizontal band 4 subjected to a tensile force T directed to the right and having a part 43 twisted on a complete turn on either side of a median plane P, the tensile force T applied on the band 4 determines, as in a corkscrew, a support of this band 4 in the concrete by its two faces 41, 41 '. Because the band is flat and bears in the concrete by two faces wide, the concrete is not likely to shear, the compression stress is low. Moreover, the width I of the band 4 can be determined according to the stresses applied, so that the compressive stress applied to the concrete remains below a permissible limit.
  • each band 4 constituting a longitudinal reinforcement 31 is secured to the concrete only in the two blocking zones B, B 'which are separated from each other and the tendency to extension of the reinforcement under the effect of the applied tension can be distributed uniformly over the entire length L 2 of the central portion 44 between the two twisted parts 43, 43 ', this central portion 44 being able to be detached from the concrete from a certain level of solicitation.
  • the concrete 2 can not deform in the same way as the reinforcement and therefore we can not avoid the appearance of cracks but this risk of cracking is distributed uniformly over the entire length L 2 of the central portion 44 and more cracks may have a width that is small enough not to be detrimental.
  • the piece behaves, as usual, as a piece composite, the concrete deforming in the same way as the reinforcement.
  • the reinforcement remains secured to the concrete only in its blocking parts 43, 43 'and its central portion 44 can, on the contrary, peel off the concrete which coats it and slide slightly in relation to this one.
  • the tension and, consequently, the tendency for the elongation of the reinforcement is therefore distributed substantially uniformly over the entire length L 2 of the central portion 44. This avoids a concentration of the tensile stress on a low length of the armature and, therefore, it reduces the risk of rupture of the armature at a crack, under the effect of excessive stresses.
  • slabs made according to the invention have been subjected to progressive flexural tests with increasing load, and it has been found that a slab thus produced could, surprisingly, admit a very narrow deflection. important before the slab breaks and with relatively small width cracks.
  • the stretched longitudinal bars must be curved in the shape of a butt at their ends in order to increase the transfer length between the reinforcement and the concrete.
  • the curvature that can be given to a bar is necessarily limited and regulations require, moreover, to give the stick a diameter of at least 10 times the diameter of the bar.
  • a concrete part must have a minimum thickness of twelve times the diameter of the tension bars, to which must be added twice the minimum thickness of the coating.
  • each butt 5 also constitutes a blocking zone B1 in the concrete 2.
  • the longitudinal reinforcement is attached to the concrete in the locking zones 43, 5 while the central portion 44 is free to stretch, the stresses applied by the reinforcement on the concrete are more strong than in the case of a conventional reinforcement where one seeks to achieve a solid connection over the entire length of the frame.
  • the band 4 is subjected to a large tensile force T which is concealed by the blocking zone B1 located inside the butt 5, it may tend to unfold if the adhesion between the bar 4 is the concrete is not enough.
  • each tension bar 31 consisting of a flat strip 4 is oriented so that its wide face 41 is substantially parallel to the taut face 20 of the workpiece.
  • Such an arrangement increases the flexibility of the slab because the bar 4 thus oriented has a low resistance to bending and the bending of the piece simply results in an elongation of the frame.
  • each reinforcing strip 4 is twisted in two parts 43, 43 'spaced apart from each other, but only over a quarter of a turn so that in the central portion 44' and along the entire length thereof the wide side 41 of the strip 4 is located in a plane orthogonal to the stretched face 20 of the part.
  • the blocking of the strip 4 in the concrete is essentially achieved at the level of the zones B1, B'1, inside the butts 5, 5 ', formed at the ends of the band 4, the locking effect of the twisted portions 43, 43 'being decreased.
  • the longitudinal bars 31, 31 'of the two plies, respectively lower and upper 30' can be connected by stirrups which, as described in the document FR-A-2,814,480 , advantageously consist of corrugated flat strips 13 secured to the longitudinal reinforcements, at the top of the corrugations, by welding or gluing.
  • the welds between the corrugated strips 13 and the strips 4 constituting the tensile plates 31, are made only near the two ends of the part 1 so that the central portion 44 of each band 4 can lie freely.
  • stirrups may be welded or glued to the compressed bars 31 'at the top of each corrugation.
  • each compressed bar 31 ' also consists of at least one flat strip, in order to produce a weld bead over the entire width of the corrugated strip 13.
  • each welded or glued joint 34 between a bar 4 and the corresponding part of the stirrup 13 which forms an angle with this bar 4 constitutes, by wedge effect, a blocking zone B. It is therefore unnecessary, in this case, provide the band 4 twisted parts.
  • this method may be the subject of other variants, in particular by taking advantage of the support forces exerted in the concrete by the longitudinal reinforcement locking zones, for example as shown schematically on the Figures 10 to 20 which illustrate various variants.
  • each sector of the reinforcement cage 3 comprises a longitudinal reinforcement 31 consisting of a flat band which extends over the entire length of the workpiece 1 and whose ends 5, 5 'are curved in the shape of a stick as indicated above.
  • longitudinal bars 31 are associated with a second level of longitudinal bars offset upwards and comprising, in each sector of the cage, two bars 33, 34 each formed of a flat strip and placed side by side, each of these bars. 33, 34 being provided with curved ends in the form of hooks 51, 51 ', 52, 52'.
  • the two contiguous strips 33, 34 of the same sector are offset longitudinally relative to each other so that the two brackets 51, 51 '(52, 52') formed at the ends of each strip 33 (34) are placed at different distances from the transverse median plane Q of the part 1, on both sides of it.
  • the outer stock 51 of the bar 33 placed on the left on the figure 10 is farther from the median plane Q than the outer stock 51 'of the same band 31, placed on the right and the disposition is reversed for the second longitudinal band 34.
  • the lengths of the longitudinal bars 33, 34 are determined from way that the different sticks 5, 51, 52 placed on the same side of the transverse median plane Q are distributed over a certain length of the piece 1 from its end 11.
  • the longitudinal reinforcements are subjected to tensile forces and are supported in the concrete by their ends in the form of sticks which are therefore urged inwards .
  • the longitudinal reinforcements 33, 34 which overlap in the central part of the part, are stretched in different directions and the central blocking area B3 is therefore compressed by the tendency towards the one towards the other of the internal butts 51 ' , 52 of the two frames 33, 34.
  • end zones B1, B'1 are also put in compression by the butts 5, 5 'which oppose the tensile forces applied to the frame 31.
  • the piece 1 is put into compression practically over its entire length by the tendency towards the inward approach of the butts of the various reinforcements and this compression effect is exerted over the entire thickness of the concrete limited by the butts and not only, as usual, above the neutral axis 10.
  • the tensile reinforcement of the cage 3 may also consist of a simple stack of longitudinal strips of different lengths, respectively a first band 35 extending over a length I 1 slightly less than that of the piece and a second band 36 extending over a length I 2 less than I 1 , each band being provided with ends in the form of brackets turned towards the interior of the room.
  • the concrete is put in compression by the butts 5, 5 ', 51, 51' which absorb the tensile forces applied on the strips 35, 36 because of the bending of the part.
  • the metal strips having different mechanical characteristics so as to modulate the compression forces applied by the butts according to the distribution of forces applied to the workpiece.
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 show a variant of the embodiment of the figure 10 wherein the two adjacent strips 33, 34 constitute two strands of a single band forming a closed loop, the two opposite brackets 51 ', 52 being connected by a portion 37 of the band located at the upper level 30' of the cage 3.
  • Each longitudinal reinforcement thus consists of a single band 33, 37, 34 surrounding a concrete core B3 which is compressed by clamping of the loop thus formed under the effect of traction forces applied in opposite directions on both strands 33, 34 of the longitudinal reinforcement when the part 1 is subjected to a vertical load.
  • each longitudinal reinforcement in the form of a loop may form part of the upper ply 30 'of the reinforcement cage 3.
  • the opposing brackets 51 ', 52 which tend to compress a concrete core B3, are not necessarily spaced symmetrically on either side of the transverse median plane Q of the piece 1. Indeed, depending on the loading mode of the part, it is possible to determine certain parts of the part 1 in which the tensile forces induced in the concrete by the applied stresses are maximum and have the reinforcements and their butts so that the tensile forces resulting from the stresses are at least partially offset by the compression in the same areas of a concrete core between two butts solicited one towards the other by the tensile forces applied on the frame.
  • each of the figures described above shows a sector of the reinforcement cage centered in a vertical plane parallel to the longitudinal axis and the butts formed on the reinforcements of two adjacent sectors are placed substantially at the same level so as to passing, in the aligned locking zones of the sectors S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , transverse threads 32 which are also biased inwards and thus distribute on the concrete between two adjacent sectors, the compression forces applied by the crossheads 5, 51, 52.
  • These distribution threads may have a round or rectangular section, as shown in the figures.
  • the use of flat bars makes it easier to produce a weld bead between the longitudinal and transverse bars.
  • each stretched longitudinal reinforcement 6 of the cage 3 is constituted by a series of consecutive strips 6a, 6b .... each having two ends curved in the form of hooks 5a, 5'a, 5b, 5'b ... and these bars are arranged so that the pairs of adjacent sticks 5'a, 5b of two successive bands 6a, 6b are located substantially at the same level, overlapping slightly so as to surround a space E in which is passed a bar 38 which can constitute a transversal thread of distribution.
  • Each bar 38 passing through a space E placed in compression by the two opposite brackets 5'a, 5b constitutes a connecting key between the two consecutive strips 6a, 6b.
  • Each longitudinal reinforcement 6 consists of a series of strips 6a, 6b, 6c .... thus behaves like a chain whose links 6a, 6b, 6c ... are stretched under the effect of the charges applied on the part 1.
  • each blocking zone could be obtained simply by means of a transverse bar passing through an orifice formed on the longitudinal reinforcing bar.
  • a flat strip 4 as a longitudinal reinforcing bar makes it possible to fit therein a median slot 45 extending over a certain length and limiting two lateral parts 46, 47 which can be spaced apart from each other. the other so as to open a hole 45 'for passage of a transverse bar 48.
  • a tensile force for example in the direction of the arrow indicated on the figure 16 , it is supported on the crossbar 48 which itself is supported in the concrete, thus realizing the blocking of the band 4.
  • transverse bar 48 which, in this case, is parallel to the plane of the strip.
  • This bar could therefore constitute a transverse thread 32 of distribution between several sectors of the reinforcement cage.
  • this twisted part 43 could also be provided with a median slot allowing the two parts of the band to be separated from one another to provide an opening 45 ' passage of a distribution thread 32, as shown in FIG. figure 18 .
  • the use of flat strips 4 to form the longitudinal reinforcing bars makes it possible to vary the orientation of the butt formed at the end of such a bar.
  • the flat strip 4 can be easily bent around an axis parallel to its plane. It would therefore be possible, as shown in figure 20 twist a quarter turn the end of a strip 4 so that the butt 5 rotates about a vertical axis 50. This would give the same locking effect by giving the stock a height limited to the width e
  • This arrangement could be advantageous for making particularly thin pieces or, for example, for thinning the ends of a slab.
  • the use of a flat strip 4 allows, if necessary, to vary the orientation thereof, as shown in FIG. figure 20 for example, to thin some parts of the room.
  • the flat strips constituting the longitudinal and transverse reinforcements could even be curved in opposite directions so as to adapt to a left profile in the transverse direction, such as a regulated surface having non parallel parallel generatrices. This is the case, for example, the decking of a laterally inclined bridge of variable angle from one end to the other and whose reinforcement is difficult to achieve by conventional methods.
  • the invention is especially adapted to the realization of crossing structures buried under an embankment and having a curved profile allowing them to slightly deform under the load applied to support the side embankments by their sides.
  • the blocking zones between which the concrete is placed in compression can be placed at locations, determined by calculation, in which the concrete is subjected to a tensile stress maximum and where the risk of cracking is greatest.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible, from a standard model, to adapt the reinforcement of each part to the predictable distribution of the stresses, taking into account the loads applied.
  • the arrangement of the compression zones is not necessarily symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the part.
  • the arrangements according to the invention therefore make it possible to vary the shape of the reinforcement cage so as to modulate the action of the reinforcements as a function of the stresses applied in use on the part.

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  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Teils aus Beton (1), der mit einem Bewehrungskäfig (3), der in dem Beton (2) bei dessen Gießen eingelassen wird, versehen ist, so dass der Teil, wenn er einer Belastung ausgesetzt ist, unter deren Einwirkung zwei Teile aufweist, die sich zu beiden Seiten einer neutralen Achse befinden, jeweils ein komprimierter Teil, der Kompressionskräften ausgesetzt ist, die im Wesentlichen von dem Beton (2) absorbiert werden, und ein gespannter Teil, der Zugkräften ausgesetzt ist, die im Wesentlichen von mindestens einer gespannten Längsbewehrung (31) des Bewehrungskäfigs (3) absorbiert werden, wobei sich die gespannte Bewehrung (31) entlang einer Längsrichtung des Anlegens der Zugkräfte in einer geringen Beschichtungsentfernung von einer gespannten Längsseite (20) des Teils (1) erstreckt.und einen Querschnitt hat, der in Abhängigkeit von den Kräften bestimmt wird, die durch die Beanspruchung eingeleitet werden, Verfahren, bei dem die gespannte Bewehrung (31) mindestens ein Flachband (4) mit Rechteckquerschnitt aufweist, das eine breite Seite (41) und eine schmale Seite (41') hat und einen zentralen Teil (44) aufweist, der zwischen zwei Teilen (43, 43') zum Verankern in dem Beton liegt, die jeweils durch Verdrallen des Bands (4) auf einer bestimmten Länge (L1) mit einer allmählichen Drehung der breiten Seite (41) um die Längsachse (40) des Bands (4) hergestellt sind, wobei sich die zwei verdrallten Teile (43, 43') im Wesentlichen entlang der gleichen Richtung wie der zentrale Teil (44) des Flachbands (4) parallel zu der gespannten Längsseite (20) des Teils (1) erstrecken und auf dem Beton mit der breiten Seite (41) des Bands (4) in die der absorbierten Zugkraft entgegen gesetzte Richtung aufliegen, indem im Inneren des Teils (1) zwei Blockierzonen (B, B') eingerichtet sind, die aus den verdrallten Verankerungsteilen (43, 43') bestehen, zwischen welchen sich eine zentrale Gleitzone (C) erstreckt, in der sich der zentrale Teil (44) des gespannten Bands (4) frei unter der Einwirkung der absorbierten Kräfte mit einer gleichmäßigen Verteilung der Spannung auf die ganze Länge des zentralen Teils (44) dehnen kann.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der zentrale Teil (44) des gespannten Bands (4), der zwischen den zwei verdrallten Teilen (43, 43') liegt, ausgehend von einem bestimmten Belastungsniveau von dem Beton, der ihn beschichtet, unter leichtem Gleiten in Bezug zu diesem abhebt.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Breite (l) und die Stärke (e) einer gespannten Längsbewehrung in Bandform (4) in Abhängigkeit von einer zu absorbierenden maximalen Zugkraft bestimmt sind, um einerseits einen Querschnitt zu erzielen, der für die Absorption der maximalen Kraft ausreicht und in dem elastischen Bereich bleibt, und andererseits, damit der Teil des Betons, auf dem das Band (4) mit seiner breiten Seite (41) aufliegt, in jeder Blockierzone (B, B') einer Druckbelastung unterworfen wird, die ein zulässiges Limit nicht überschreitet.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zentrale Teil (44) des gespannten Bands (4), der zwischen zwei verdrallten Teilen (43, 43') liegt, derart ausgerichtet ist, dass seine breite Seite (41) im Wesentlichen zu der gespannten Längsseite (20) des Teils (1) parallel ist.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder verdrallte Verankerungsteil (43, 43') des Bands (4) mit einer allmählichen Drehung seiner breiten Seite (41) um seine Längsachse (40) auf mindestens einer Vierteldrehung hergestellt ist.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der verdrallte Teil (43) des Bands (4) um eine komplette Drehung um seine Längsachse (40) dreht.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Ende des Flachbands (4) um eine Querachse (50) derart gebogen ist, dass ein Ankerkreuz (5), das auf dem Beton mit einer breiten Seite (41) aufliegt, ausgebildet wird.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Bewehrungskäfig zwei Längsbewehrungslagen, jeweils (31) in dem gespannten Teil und (31') in dem komprimierten Teil aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die komprimierten Längsbewehrungen (31') ebenfalls aus Flachstangen bestehen.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Band (4), das die gespannte Bewehrung (31) bildet, in seinen verdrallten Teilen (43, 43') axial auf einer bestimmten Länge aufgeteilt ist, und dass die zwei derart gebildeten Bandteile (46, 47) voneinander beabstandet sind, um eine Querdurchgangsöffnung (45') mindestens eines Abschnitts (48) einer starren Stange zu bilden, die auf dem Beton (2) in die Richtung aufliegen kann, die der Zugkraft, die an das Band (4), das die gespannte Längsbewehrung (31) bildet, entgegen gesetzt ist.
  10. Stahlbetonteil (1), der derart mit einem Bewehrungskäfig versehen ist, dass der Teil (1), wenn er einer Belastung ausgesetzt ist, unter deren Einwirkung zwei Teile aufweist, die zu beiden Seiten einer neutralen Achse liegen, jeweils einen komprimierten Teil (C), der Kompressionskräften ausgesetzt ist, die im Wesentlichen durch den Beton (2) absorbiert werden, und einen gespannten Teil (T), der Zugkräften ausgesetzt ist, die im Wesentlichen von mindestens einer gespannten Längsbewehrung (31) des Bewehrungskäfigs (3) absorbiert werden, die sich entlang einer Längsanwendungsrichtung der Zugkräfte in einer geringen Beschichtungsentfernung von einer gespannten Längsseite (20) des Teils (1) erstreckt und einen Querschnitt aufweist, der in Abhängigkeit von den Kräften bestimmt wird, die von der Belastung eingeleitet werden, wobei die Längsbewehrung (31) aus mindestens einem Flachband (4) mit Rechteckquerschnitt mit einer breiten Seite (41) und einer schmalen Seite (41') besteht und einen zentralen Teil (44) aufweist, der zwischen zwei Verankerungsteilen (43, 43') in dem Beton liegt, die jeweils durch Verdrallen des Bands (4) auf einer bestimmten Länge (L1) mit einer allmählichen Drehung der breiten Seite (41) um ihre Längsachse (40) gebildet sind, wobei sich die zwei verdrallten Teile (43, 43') im Wesentlichen entlang der gleichen Richtung wie der zentrale Teil (44) parallel zu der gespannten Längsseite (20) des Teils (1) erstrecken und auf dem Beton mit der breiten Seite (41) des Bands (4) in die entgegen gesetzte Richtung zu der absorbierten Zugkraft aufliegen, indem sie im Inneren des Teils (1) zwei Blockierzonen (B, B') einrichten, die aus diesen verdrallten Verankerungsteilen (43, 43') bestehen, zwischen welchen sich eine zentrale Gleitzone (C) erstreckt, in der sich der zentrale Teil (44) des gespannten Bands (4) frei unter der Einwirkung der absorbierten Kräfte mit einer gleichmäßigen Verteilung der Spannung auf die ganze Länge des zentralen Teils (44) dehnen kann.
  11. Teil aus Beton (1), der mit einem Bewehrungskäfig nach Anspruch 10 versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder verdrallte Teil (43) des Bands (4) um mindestens eine Vierteldrehung um seine Längsachse (40) dreht.
  12. Teil aus Beton (1), der mit einem Bewehrungskäfig nach Anspruch 10 versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der verdrallte Teil (43) des Bands (4) um eine ganze Drehung um seine Längsachse (40) dreht.
  13. Teil aus Beton (1), der mit einem Bewehrungskäfig nach einem der Ansprüche 10, 11, 12 versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Ende des Flachbands (4) um eine Querachse (50) derart gebogen ist, dass mindestens ein Ankerkreuz (5) gebildet ist, das auf dem Beton mit einer breiten Seite (41) aufliegt.
  14. Teil aus Beton (1), der mit einem Bewehrungskäfig nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13 versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zentrale Teil (44) des Flachbands (4), der zwischen zwei verdrallten Teilen (43, 43') liegt, derart ausgerichtet ist, dass seine breite Seite (41) im Wesentlichen zu der gespannten Längsseite (20) des Teils (1) parallel ist.
  15. Teil aus Beton (1), der mit einem Bewehrungskäfig nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 14 versehen ist, der in mindestens einem Sektor zwei Längsbewehrungen aufweist, jeweils eine gespannte (31) und eine komprimierte (31'), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die komprimierten Bewehrungen (31') ebenfalls aus Flachbändern bestehen.
  16. Teil aus Beton (1), der mit einem Bewehrungskäfig nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 15 versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens die gespannten Längsbewehrungen (31) aus rostfreiem Stahl hergestellt sind.
  17. Teil aus Beton (1), der mit einem Bewehrungskäfig nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 16 versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder verdrallte Teil (43) einer gespannten Längsbewehrung (31) in Bandform (4) axial auf einer bestimmten Länge aufgeteilt ist und dass die zwei derart gebildeten Bandteile (46, 47) voneinander beabstandet sind, um eine Querdurchgangsöffnung (45') mindestens eines Abschnitts (48) einer starren Stange zu bilden, der auf dem Beton (2) in die Richtung aufliegen kann, die der Zugkraft entgegen gesetzt ist, die an das Band (4), das die gespannte Längsbewehrung (31) bildet, angelegt ist.
  18. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Teils aus Beton, der mit einem Bewehrungskäfig nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 17 versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Teil aus Beton gebogen ist und durch Gießen von Beton in eine Gussform oder Schalung mit gebogenem Boden erzielt wird, nachdem der Bewehrungskäfig in der Gussform verlegt wurde, und dass der Bewehrungskäfig flach ausgeführt ist und aufgrund des Einsatzes von Flachbändern eine Biegsamkeit aufweist, die reicht, um durch ihr eigenes Gewicht die gebogene Gestalt des Bodens der Gussform nach dem Verlegen des Käfigs (3) in dieser anzunehmen.
  19. Teil aus Beton (1), der nach dem Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 hergestellt ist.
EP04805843A 2003-11-18 2004-11-18 Verfahren zur herstellung eines blocks aus beton und ein block aus beton Active EP1689951B1 (de)

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FR0350857A FR2862323B1 (fr) 2003-11-18 2003-11-18 Procede de realisation d'une piece en beton et piece ainsi realisee
PCT/FR2004/050600 WO2005049934A1 (fr) 2003-11-18 2004-11-18 Procede de realisation d'une piece en beton et cage de ferraillage pour piece ainsi realisee

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US887863A (en) * 1907-07-26 1908-05-19 Edgar N Spaulding Steel girder-frame for reinforced-concrete girders.
GB410866A (en) * 1933-10-11 1934-05-31 Robert Hopewell Improvements in reinforced concrete
US2167029A (en) * 1936-11-19 1939-07-25 Joel E Mclafferty Reinforcing member for heterogeneous beams
US3825465A (en) * 1972-03-24 1974-07-23 R Stock Three dimensional reticulated structure
JPS5963127U (ja) * 1982-10-21 1984-04-25 鹿島建設株式会社 大梁と小梁の接合部構造
JPS5976348A (ja) * 1982-10-21 1984-05-01 鹿島建設株式会社 鉄骨鉄筋コンクリ−ト構造の壁付梁
DE3541875A1 (de) * 1985-11-27 1987-06-04 Ostertag Werke Gmbh Sicherheitsbewehrung fuer einen tresorraum, geldschrank, bankraum o.dgl.
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WO2005049934A1 (fr) 2005-06-02
DE602004024707D1 (de) 2010-01-28
KR20060129218A (ko) 2006-12-15
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EP2141300A2 (de) 2010-01-06
EP2141300B1 (de) 2014-03-05
EP1689951A1 (de) 2006-08-16
FR2862323A1 (fr) 2005-05-20
FR2862323B1 (fr) 2006-03-10
AU2004291708B2 (en) 2010-05-27
PT1689951E (pt) 2010-03-16
DK1689951T3 (da) 2010-04-26
MA28165A1 (fr) 2006-09-01
JP4709767B2 (ja) 2011-06-22
EP2141300A3 (de) 2010-01-20
JP2007511689A (ja) 2007-05-10
TNSN06144A1 (fr) 2007-11-15
ATE452255T1 (de) 2010-01-15
AU2004291708A1 (en) 2005-06-02

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