EP1687566A2 - Device and method for optimizing the exhaust gas burn-out rate in incinerating plants - Google Patents
Device and method for optimizing the exhaust gas burn-out rate in incinerating plantsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1687566A2 EP1687566A2 EP04765784A EP04765784A EP1687566A2 EP 1687566 A2 EP1687566 A2 EP 1687566A2 EP 04765784 A EP04765784 A EP 04765784A EP 04765784 A EP04765784 A EP 04765784A EP 1687566 A2 EP1687566 A2 EP 1687566A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- signals
- gas
- burnout zone
- burnout
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
- F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel by discharging the air above the fire
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2207/00—Control
- F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
- F23G2207/104—Arrangement of sensing devices for CO or CO2
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
- F23G2900/55011—Detecting the properties of waste to be incinerated, e.g. heating value, density
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
- F23N2229/20—Camera viewing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for optimizing the exhaust gas burnout in combustion plants with a fixed bed burnout zone and an exhaust gas burnout zone, comprising a plurality of controllable nozzles for introducing an oxygen-containing secondary air into an effective area in the exhaust gas burnout zone, an oxygen measuring device and / or combustion chamber temperature measurement for determining the total amount of secondary and primary air is provided in the exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas that emerges from the combustion chamber (fixed bed burn-out zone) of such an uneven combustion has locally high concentrations of incompletely burned compounds, e.g. CO, hydrocarbons or soot.
- the gas flow emerging from the combustion bed shows a pronounced formation of strands with enormous local and temporal fluctuation ranges. These strands of unburned exhaust gas species extend through the exhaust gas burnout zone into the first radiation train.
- the oxygen concentrations in the exhaust gas burnout zone are very low and additionally distributed inhomogeneously. For homogeneous mixing and complete combustion of the exhaust gas, not out for time and turbulence. A complete burnout of the exhaust gases can therefore only be achieved with a targeted local introduction of secondary air in the exhaust gas burnout zone, the
- Technical devices for optimizing the exhaust gas burnout in incineration plants serve in particular to reduce the emission of pollutants, with the targeted injection of the oxygen-containing secondary gas into the exhaust gas burnout zone serving as a smoke extractor to reduce pollutants.
- the oxygen-containing secondary gas For example, more or less oxygen-containing air, recycled flue gas or even water vapor (with over-stoichiometric primary air) serves as the secondary gas.
- the secondary gas is injected into the exhaust gas burnout zone with high impulses and to ensure good penetration of the exhaust gas flow in large excess.
- the intensive mixing of unburned exhaust gas components with oxygen-containing secondary air at high temperatures is the prerequisite for an effective exhaust gas burnout.
- the object of the invention is to propose a device and a method for optimizing the exhaust gas burnout, which ensures complete burnout even with unsteady combustion processes with a minimum of secondary gas.
- the object is achieved by a device with the features of claim 1 and by a method with the features from claim 8.
- Subordinate claims relate to advantageous refinements of the device and the method.
- a device for optimizing the exhaust gas burnout in combustion plants with a fixed bed burnout zone and an exhaust gas burnout zone comprising several controllable nozzles for the targeted introduction of oxygen-containing secondary gas into an effective area in the exhaust gas burnout zone, is proposed, an oxygen measuring device and / or combustion chamber temperature measurement to determine the total amount of secondary and primary gas is provided in the exhaust gas.
- the nozzles can be controlled individually or in groups. With this design, secondary air can be individually metered in segments into the effective range divided into segments.
- the essential features of the device include means for the temporally resolved selective detection of local concentrations of individual incompletely burned gas components in the effective range. If the local distribution of these gas components in the effective range is known, an individual injection of the secondary gas into each segment can advantageously be used to achieve an optimal burnout of the exhaust gas even without the enormous secondary gas excess required in the prior art.
- the local and temporal resolution of the selective acquisition is determined from the geometric conditions and the fluid dynamics of the combustion exhaust gases in the exhaust gas burnout zone.
- the secondary air is mixed into the exhaust gas volume flow in the effective range, which must be dimensioned and arranged in the exhaust gas burnout zone such that the entire exhaust gas volume flow is preferably, though not necessarily, passed through it.
- the nozzles are to be arranged in such a way that a targeted segment-wise injection of secondary gas into the entire effective range is possible.
- the effective range should to be positioned in the exhaust gas burnout zone as part of a radiation train with at least one finite cross section such that it completely spans at least this cross section in the radiation train.
- the means convert the measured concentrations into signals and pass them on to a control unit, which converts the signals into control signals for each of the controllable nozzles or groups thereof for the targeted introduction of secondary gas. It makes sense to combine the means and the control unit to form a measurement and control unit. If the local and time-varying concentrations are to be recorded, it is advisable to equip the measuring and control unit with a computer unit, which then not only converts the measured concentration values into control signals via suitable computer programs, but also the interactions of the exhaust gases in one segment with the exhaust gases of others Segments or the temporal dynamics of the exhaust gases, the burns and afterburns as well as the inertias and dead times of the secondary injections are recorded and taken into account for the control of the individual nozzles.
- the measurement and control system mentioned forms a closed control loop with the secondary gas injection, the exhaust gases and the afterburning.
- the individual segments in the effective range are only in simple expansion stages, i.e. without considering the aforementioned calculation, as independent systems. It is also advisable to first design and optimize the measuring and control system, the effective range and the injection system using computer-aided simulation processes with corresponding model considerations before application to the afterburning chamber in the computer.
- the quantity, ie the integral volume flow of injected secondary air is not distributed uniformly but is dependent on the determined local concentrations of incompletely burned gas components in the exhaust gas.
- the qualitative determination of the local concentration of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and / or soot is completely sufficient to determine the required secondary gas quantities.
- a spectral camera is particularly suitable for the determination, which is directed in the area of the combustion chamber wall into the exhaust gas burnout zone and thereby completely covers the effective range. By appropriately focusing the camera lens, certain distance intervals can also be selected for concentration detection.
- An infrared camera for wavelength ranges between 3 and 12 ⁇ m is advantageously suitable for recording the characteristic radiation spectra of the aforementioned unburned exhaust gas components.
- Hydrocarbons with the characteristic wavelength maxima in the range of 3 ⁇ m (for methane), carbon monoxide with the characteristic wave maxima in the range around 4.8 ⁇ m and soot can be determined qualitatively using image evaluation methods. This method can also be used to measure carbon dioxide and water.
- carbon monoxide fractions can be detected using the optical detection method described, the radiation spectrum of carbon monoxide becoming more intense with increasing temperature and thus also being able to be detected better and more clearly.
- Carbon monoxide below this temperature range on the other hand, not only has a considerably lower IR emission intensity, but also cannot be oxidized further by injecting secondary air without a separate energy supply to carbon dioxide. In this respect, only the carbon monoxide which is really with secondary air is advantageously recorded is burned.
- a method for optimizing the exhaust gas burnout in combustion plants with a fixed bed burnout zone and an exhaust gas burnout zone is also proposed.
- the device described above is required to carry out the method. sary. Consequently, there is also a targeted introduction of oxygen-containing secondary air into an effective area in the exhaust gas burnout zone via several controllable nozzles and an oxygen measurement to determine the total amount of secondary and primary air in the exhaust gas.
- the method comprises recording local concentrations of individual incompletely burned gas components in the exhaust gas burnout zone at least in the effective range, converting the locally recorded concentrations into signals, and converting the signals into control commands for each of the controllable secondary air nozzles, as in the manner previously described in more detail with reference to the device.
- FIG. 1 shows an overview of a waste incineration plant with a fixed bed and exhaust gas burnout zone, IR camera, measuring and control unit and effective range
- Fig. 2 shows the characteristic IR radiation spectra of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water as well
- FIG. 1 The system diagram and structure of the method for optimizing the exhaust gas burnout can best be illustrated using the overview shown in FIG. 1. It shows a fixed bed burnout zone 1 with combustion grate 2, through which primary gas 3 is supplied. The actual combustion takes place in the fixed bed burnout zone 1, from where the exhaust gases are discharged into an exhaust gas burnout zone 4. To achieve complete post-combustion of the exhaust gas, an oxygen-containing secondary gas 6 is introduced into the exhaust gas burnout zone via controllable nozzles. The area in the exhaust gas burnout zone in which the injection takes place effectively is the effective area 5; it preferably covers a narrowest transverse cut off the exhaust gas burnout zone 4, the entire exhaust gas flow flows through it and is monitored by an IR camera 7.
- the IR camera 7 detects the infrared radiation emitted by the unburned components of the combustion exhaust gases in the effective range of the exhaust gas burnout zone within selected spectral range intervals and in the form of infrared signals 8 passes it on to a processing unit 9 (part of a measurement and control device).
- the infrared signals qualitatively determine the concentration distribution of unburned exhaust gas components over the cross section in the effective range.
- Carbon monoxide CO is used as the guiding parameter for unburned exhaust gas species.
- concentration signals 10 the locally required amount of secondary air per nozzle is determined in a control unit 11 (also part of the measuring and regulating device), i.e.
- control signals 12 for the controllable secondary air nozzles for injecting the secondary gas are generated.
- the following parameters are decisive for the assembly of the control signals and thus the injection: location and extent of the targeted injection in the effective range and the associated local CO concentration.
- the control signals for the nozzles are selected so that the secondary gas is injected as directly as possible into the CO streaks.
- the intensity of the injection also depends on the CO concentration determined, the amount of secondary gas to be injected in principle being correlated with the determined CO concentration for a complete burnout.
- the total secondary gas flow available for injection is entered into the control unit as setpoint 13.
- the radiation emission spectra of the individual exhaust gas components are shown in FIG. 2 as a function of the exciting wavelength 26 between 2 and 6 ⁇ m wavelength (from [2]). They show the spectral lines for carbon dioxide 19, carbon monoxide 20, water vapor 21. 3 shows a spatial distribution in the cross section of the effective area 5 of the exhaust gas burnout zone 4 calculated from the camera signals, for example for CO.
- the effective area 5 is divided into a plurality of zones 14, each divided by dashed lines, into which secondary gas can be injected via a suitable secondary gas rail 16 via a controlled nozzle 15.
- FIG. 3 also shows the CO concentration distribution in the effective range 5, an adjustable gray color being assigned to an adjustable concentration interval.
- a CO strand 17 can be seen in the effective area 5, highlighted by a comparatively dark colored area.
- the partial gas flows of secondary gas (shown in FIG. 2 by arrows starting from the nozzles 15) are increased in the area of the CO strand 17 (arrows in FIG. 2 are thicker), while at the same time one may be present in the other areas Lowering takes place (arrows in Fig. 2 thinner).
- the determination of the concentration distribution in the effective area 5 is carried out at short time intervals, if possible in the range between 1 and 5 seconds, so that the success of the injection is permanently checked. Accordingly, there is practically a continuous and automated adjustment of the secondary gas individual flows in accordance with the actual requirements.
- the control range of the individual secondary gas flows lies within firmly defined limits between a minimum and a maximum injection.
- the level of the total secondary gas stream 18, which results from the sum of the partial gas streams, is not influenced by the method described here.
- the corresponding setpoint 13 (FIG. 1) for the entire secondary gas flow is taken over by the higher-level controls which are installed as standard on larger systems.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10347340A DE10347340A1 (en) | 2003-10-11 | 2003-10-11 | Apparatus and method for optimizing exhaust burnout in incinerators |
PCT/EP2004/011039 WO2005038345A2 (en) | 2003-10-11 | 2004-10-02 | Device and method for optimizing the exhaust gas burn-out rate in incinerating plants |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1687566A2 true EP1687566A2 (en) | 2006-08-09 |
Family
ID=34441875
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04765784A Withdrawn EP1687566A2 (en) | 2003-10-11 | 2004-10-02 | Device and method for optimizing the exhaust gas burn-out rate in incinerating plants |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8048381B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1687566A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4809230B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2538328C (en) |
DE (1) | DE10347340A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005038345A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006044114A1 (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2008-03-27 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Method for characterizing the exhaust gas burnout quality in incinerators |
FR2910113B1 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2009-02-13 | Veolia Proprete Sa | INCINERATION OVEN WITH OPTIMIZED ENERGY RECOVERY |
DE102007051546A1 (en) | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-07 | Ci-Tec Gmbh | Method for detecting and evaluating the bed of material in rotary tube reactors |
US20110017110A1 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-01-27 | Higgins Brian S | Methods and systems for improving combustion processes |
DE102013102672B4 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-04-16 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Method for determining wall thickness changes in rotary tube reactors |
DE102015117718A1 (en) | 2015-10-19 | 2017-04-20 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Firing system and method for its operation |
EP4033149A1 (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2022-07-27 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Monitoring combustible matter in a gaseous stream |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2615369A1 (en) * | 1975-07-04 | 1977-01-13 | Von Roll Ag | METHOD FOR SMOKE GAS CONDITIONING IN WASTE INCINERATION PLANTS WITH HEAT RECOVERY, IN PARTICULAR FOR MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE, AND DEVICE FOR EXECUTING THE PROCESS |
DE19532539A1 (en) * | 1995-09-04 | 1997-03-20 | Heinz Prof Dr Ing Spliethoff | Process for monitoring power plant output firing |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH520897A (en) * | 1971-03-29 | 1972-03-31 | Von Roll Ag | Method for the automatic control of the combustion air in waste incineration plants and waste incineration plants for carrying out the method |
US4539588A (en) * | 1983-02-22 | 1985-09-03 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Imaging of hot infrared emitting surfaces obscured by particulate fume and hot gases |
JPH0247648B2 (en) * | 1984-12-17 | 1990-10-22 | Hitachi Shipbuilding Eng Co | NENSHOHAIGASUOMOCHIITABOIRACHUUBUNOFUSHOKUBOSHIHOHO |
DE3537945A1 (en) * | 1985-10-25 | 1987-04-30 | Babcock Anlagen Ag | Method for combustion of waste |
US4867079A (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1989-09-19 | Shang Jer Y | Combustor with multistage internal vortices |
CH673149A5 (en) * | 1987-10-23 | 1990-02-15 | Kuepat Ag | |
US5052310A (en) * | 1991-01-22 | 1991-10-01 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Solid waste-to-steam incinerator capacity enhancement by combined oxygen enrichment and liquid quench |
US5252060A (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1993-10-12 | Mckinnon J Thomas | Infrared laser fault detection method for hazardous waste incineration |
DE4220149C2 (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 2002-06-13 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | Method for regulating the combustion of waste on a grate of a furnace and device for carrying out the method |
DE4344906C2 (en) * | 1993-12-29 | 1997-04-24 | Martin Umwelt & Energietech | Process for controlling individual or all factors influencing the combustion on a grate |
DE19735139C1 (en) * | 1997-08-13 | 1999-02-25 | Martin Umwelt & Energietech | Method for determining the average radiation from a combustion bed in incineration plants and controlling the combustion process |
CA2374593C (en) * | 1999-05-21 | 2009-02-17 | Barlow Projects, Inc. | Improved mass fuel combustion system |
-
2003
- 2003-10-11 DE DE10347340A patent/DE10347340A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2004
- 2004-10-02 JP JP2006530080A patent/JP4809230B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-02 EP EP04765784A patent/EP1687566A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-10-02 CA CA2538328A patent/CA2538328C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-02 WO PCT/EP2004/011039 patent/WO2005038345A2/en active Application Filing
-
2006
- 2006-02-24 US US11/362,588 patent/US8048381B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2615369A1 (en) * | 1975-07-04 | 1977-01-13 | Von Roll Ag | METHOD FOR SMOKE GAS CONDITIONING IN WASTE INCINERATION PLANTS WITH HEAT RECOVERY, IN PARTICULAR FOR MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE, AND DEVICE FOR EXECUTING THE PROCESS |
DE19532539A1 (en) * | 1995-09-04 | 1997-03-20 | Heinz Prof Dr Ing Spliethoff | Process for monitoring power plant output firing |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10347340A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
US20060140825A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
WO2005038345A2 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
CA2538328A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
JP4809230B2 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
CA2538328C (en) | 2012-12-04 |
US8048381B2 (en) | 2011-11-01 |
WO2005038345A3 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
JP2007508514A (en) | 2007-04-05 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: FREY, HANS-HEINZ Inventor name: ZIPSER, STEPHAN Inventor name: KELLER, HUBERT Inventor name: HUNSINGER, HANS |
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Owner name: KARLSRUHER INSTITUT FUER TECHNOLOGIE |
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