EP1672088B1 - Method for manufacturing a body featuring very high mechanical properties, forming by cold drawing from a rolled steel sheet, in particular hot rolled and coated sheet - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing a body featuring very high mechanical properties, forming by cold drawing from a rolled steel sheet, in particular hot rolled and coated sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1672088B1
EP1672088B1 EP06002618A EP06002618A EP1672088B1 EP 1672088 B1 EP1672088 B1 EP 1672088B1 EP 06002618 A EP06002618 A EP 06002618A EP 06002618 A EP06002618 A EP 06002618A EP 1672088 B1 EP1672088 B1 EP 1672088B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zinc
steel
sheet
coating
rolled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP06002618A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1672088A1 (en
EP1672088B2 (en
Inventor
Ronald Kefferstein
Xavier Jartoux
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ArcelorMittal France SA
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ArcelorMittal France SA
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Application filed by ArcelorMittal France SA filed Critical ArcelorMittal France SA
Priority to EP10006299.1A priority Critical patent/EP2224034B1/en
Publication of EP1672088A1 publication Critical patent/EP1672088A1/en
Publication of EP1672088B1 publication Critical patent/EP1672088B1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36—Elongated material
    • C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a part with very high mechanical characteristics, shaped by stamping, from a strip of rolled steel sheet and in particular hot rolled and coated with a metal or metal. a metal alloy providing protection of the surface and steel.
  • the steel sheets to be subjected to high temperature forming and / or a heat treatment are not delivered coated for reasons of resistance of the coating during the heat treatment, the heat treatment of the steels generally being carried out at relatively high temperatures well above 700 ° C. Indeed, a coating of zinc deposited on a metal surface has been considered until now as being able to melt, flow, foul the hot forming tools, during heating, at temperatures above the melting temperature of zinc , and degrade during rapid cooling. The coating is therefore performed on finished part which requires a careful cleaning of surfaces and hollow parts. This cleaning requires the use of acids and / or bases whose recycling and storage are a significant financial burden and present risks for operators and the environment.
  • the heat treatment must be carried out under a controlled atmosphere in order to avoid decarburization and oxidation of the steel. Then, in the case of hot forming, calamine, by its abrasive power, damages the forming tools, which reduces the quality of the parts obtained from the dimensional and aesthetic point of view or requires frequent and expensive repairs tools. Finally, to increase their resistance to corrosion, the parts thus obtained must receive an expensive post-processing whose application is difficult or impossible, especially in the case of parts with depressions.
  • the post-coatings of steels with very high mechanical characteristics also have the disadvantage of creating hydrogen embrittlement risks in electro-galvanizing techniques or modifying the mechanical properties of these steels in dip galvanizing techniques. previously formed parts.
  • the object of the invention is to propose to the users, steel sheets rolled from 0.2 mm to about 4 mm thick, coated in particular after hot rolling, and to undergo a shaping, cold followed by 'a treatment thermal, as well as a method of forming part by forming, from these coated steel sheets, the temperature rise being ensured without decarburization of the steel of the sheet, without oxidation of the surface of said sheet, before, during and after the heat treatment.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a strip of rolled and in particular hot-rolled steel sheet coated with zinc or a zinc-based alloy providing protection of the surface and steel of the sheet metal.
  • the parts having high mechanical properties in hardness and high surface hardness characteristics and a very good resistance to abrasion.
  • the process presented in the diagram of the figure 1 consists, from a sheet of a steel for heat treatment and hot forming, in particular hot rolled and coated with zinc or a zinc-based alloy, in the production of a hot-formed part in the form of tool means such as a stamping press.
  • the zinc or zinc alloy coating is selected so as to provide corrosion protection for the base sheet in a coil.
  • the coating forms a layer which combines with the steel of the strip and present at this moment a mechanical strength avoiding the melting of coating metal.
  • the formed compound has high resistance to corrosion, abrasion, wear and fatigue.
  • the coating does not alter the formability properties of the steel and thus allows a wide variety of cold and hot forming.
  • the strip After hot rolling, the strip can be pickled and cold rolled before being coated. In the case where the sheet is cold rolled, it can be annealed before being coated.
  • the rolled sheet can be coated, for example, with zinc, or zinc aluminum alloys.
  • the sheet is cold stamped to obtain the piece.
  • the resulting part is then subjected to a heat treatment to give it high mechanical characteristics.
  • a base steel having a breaking strength Rm of about 500 MPa will make it possible to obtain heat-treated parts having a steel with a resistance Rm greater than 1500 MPa.
  • the sheet is subjected to a temperature rise preferably between 700 ° C and 1200 ° C in a furnace with an atmosphere no longer requiring control, because of the barrier to oxidation formed by the coating.
  • a temperature rise preferably between 700 ° C and 1200 ° C in a furnace with an atmosphere no longer requiring control, because of the barrier to oxidation formed by the coating.
  • the zinc-based coating is transformed into an alloyed surface layer having different phases depending on the temperature treatment and having a high hardness of more than 600 HV 100g.
  • sheets having a thickness of between 0.2 mm and 4 mm may be used, having good shaping properties as well as good corrosion resistance.
  • the sheets delivered coated have a significant resistance to corrosion during temperature rises, shaping, heat treatments, and during the use of finished formed parts.
  • the presence of the coating during heat treatments makes it possible to avoid, in addition to corrosion, the decarburization of the base steel.
  • the effect of protection against decarburization of the intermetallic alloy allows the use of high temperature furnace exceeding 900 ° C having an uncontrolled atmosphere, and this, even for heating times of several minutes.
  • the parts obtained Due to the characteristics of the coating after temperature rise, the parts obtained have an increased resistance to fatigue, wear, abrasion and corrosion, including on the wafer because of the galvanic behavior of the zinc with the steel.
  • the coating is weldable before and after temperature rise.
  • the steel of the sheet ensures, by cooling quenching effect, high mechanical characteristics of the part obtained after shaping.
  • Example 1 zinc coating on steel.
  • One piece is made from cold-rolled steel sheet 1 mm thick and galvanized continuously double-sided, with a coating thickness of about 10 microns.
  • the sheet is austenitized at 950 ° C. before forming and quenching in the tool, the coating acting as a lubricant during shaping, in addition to its protective functions against cold corrosion, hot and against decarburization.
  • the alloy coating does not interfere with the extraction of heat by the tool and can promote it. After forming and quenching, it is no longer necessary to strip the part or to protect it, the base coating providing protection throughout the process.
  • the part produced is of a matt gray appearance without sag or bubble, without flaking or cracks, and not presenting no calamine on the slice, in section.
  • Scanning electron microscopic observations show on the surface and in section that the coating retains a homogeneous structure and texture and that Fe-Zn alliation occurs in less than 5 minutes at 950 ° C.
  • the coating comprises as shown in comparative manner on the Figures 3a and 3b respectively representing, in section, the coating before and after heat treatment, a Zn diffusion interface, with a thickness of between 5 and 10 ⁇ m, is a layer formed by nodules of Zn-Fe alloy in a zinc matrix layer with a thickness of between 10 and 15 ⁇ m.
  • Table 1 below shows the loss of corrosion mass after 500 and 1000 hours of salt spray, for an uncoated reference steel, for a galvanized reference steel without heat treatment, and a steel according to two forms of the invention.
  • Table 1 Loss of mass in g / m 2 Loss of mass in g / m 2 After 500 hours After 1000 hours
  • the coating after heat treatment is resistant to salt spray.
  • this surface composed of zinc and iron, can be phosphated in conventional surface treatment baths of the phosphating type.
  • the corrosion tests carried out after phosphating and cataphoresis painting show excellent results.
  • the zinc iron alloy layer also provides galvanic protection for cathodic protection type slices.
  • Example 2 Coating of zinc aluminum on steel (not forming part of the invention).
  • a 10 ⁇ m coating is applied to a sheet of about 1 mm.
  • This coating is composed of 50 to 55% aluminum and 45 to 50% zinc with possibly a small amount of silicon.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Description

L'invention conceme un procédé de réalisation d'une pièce à très hautes caractéristiques mécaniques, mise en forme par emboutissage, à partir d'une bande de tôle d'acier laminée et notamment laminée à chaud et revêtue d'un métal ou d'un alliage métallique assurant une protection de la surface et de l'acier.The invention relates to a method for producing a part with very high mechanical characteristics, shaped by stamping, from a strip of rolled steel sheet and in particular hot rolled and coated with a metal or metal. a metal alloy providing protection of the surface and steel.

Les tôles en acier devant subir un formage à haute température et ou un traitement thermique ne sont pas livrées revêtues pour des considérations de tenue du revêtement lors du traitement thermique, le traitement thermique des aciers se faisant généralement à des températures relativement élevées bien supérieures à 700°C. En effet, un revêtement de zinc déposé sur une surface métallique a été considéré jusqu'à présent comme pouvant fondre, s'écouler, encrasser les outils de formage à chaud, lors de chauffage, à des températures supérieures à la température de fusion du zinc, et se dégrader lors d'un refroidissement rapide.
Le revêtement est donc effectué sur pièce finie ce qui nécessite un nettoyage soigné des surfaces et des parties creuses. Ce nettoyage requiert l'utilisation d'acides et ou de bases dont le recyclage et le stockage sont une charge financière importante et présentent des risques pour les opérateurs et pour l'environnement. De plus, le traitement thermique doit être effectué sous atmosphère contrôlée afin d'éviter toute décarburation et oxydation de l'acier. Ensuite, dans le cas du formage à chaud, la calamine, de par son pouvoir abrasif, endommage les outils de mise en forme, ce qui diminue la qualité des pièces obtenues du point de vue dimensionnel et esthétique ou oblige à de fréquentes et coûteuses réparations d'outils. Enfin, pour augmenter leur résistance à la corrosion, les pièces ainsi obtenues doivent recevoir un post traitement coûteux dont l'application est difficile, voire impossible, en particulier dans le cas de pièces comportant des creux. Les post-revêtements des aciers à très hautes caractéristiques mécaniques ont également comme inconvénient de créer des risques de fragilisation par l'hydrogène dans les techniques d'électro-zingage ou de modifier les propriétés mécaniques de ces aciers dans des techniques de galvanisation au trempé des pièces préalablement formées.The steel sheets to be subjected to high temperature forming and / or a heat treatment are not delivered coated for reasons of resistance of the coating during the heat treatment, the heat treatment of the steels generally being carried out at relatively high temperatures well above 700 ° C. Indeed, a coating of zinc deposited on a metal surface has been considered until now as being able to melt, flow, foul the hot forming tools, during heating, at temperatures above the melting temperature of zinc , and degrade during rapid cooling.
The coating is therefore performed on finished part which requires a careful cleaning of surfaces and hollow parts. This cleaning requires the use of acids and / or bases whose recycling and storage are a significant financial burden and present risks for operators and the environment. In addition, the heat treatment must be carried out under a controlled atmosphere in order to avoid decarburization and oxidation of the steel. Then, in the case of hot forming, calamine, by its abrasive power, damages the forming tools, which reduces the quality of the parts obtained from the dimensional and aesthetic point of view or requires frequent and expensive repairs tools. Finally, to increase their resistance to corrosion, the parts thus obtained must receive an expensive post-processing whose application is difficult or impossible, especially in the case of parts with depressions. The post-coatings of steels with very high mechanical characteristics also have the disadvantage of creating hydrogen embrittlement risks in electro-galvanizing techniques or modifying the mechanical properties of these steels in dip galvanizing techniques. previously formed parts.

Le but de l'invention est de proposer aux utilisateurs, des tôles d'acier laminées de 0,2 mm à environ 4 mm d'épaisseur, revêtues notamment après laminage à chaud, et devant subir une mise en forme, à froid suivie d'un traitement thermique, ainsi qu'un procédé de réalisation de pièce par formage , à partir de ces tôles d'acier revêtues, l'élévation de température étant assurée sans décarburation de l'acier de la tôle, sans oxydation de la surface de ladite tôle, avant, pendant et après le traitement thermique.The object of the invention is to propose to the users, steel sheets rolled from 0.2 mm to about 4 mm thick, coated in particular after hot rolling, and to undergo a shaping, cold followed by 'a treatment thermal, as well as a method of forming part by forming, from these coated steel sheets, the temperature rise being ensured without decarburization of the steel of the sheet, without oxidation of the surface of said sheet, before, during and after the heat treatment.

L'invention a pour objet un procédé de réalisation d'une pièce à très hautes caractéristiques mécaniques, mise en forme par emboutissage, à partir d'une bande de tôle d'acier laminée, notamment laminée à chaud et revêtue de zinc ou d'un alliage à base de zinc assurant une protection de la surface et de l'acier, caractérisée en ce que :

  • on découpe la tôle pour l'obtention d'un flan de tôle,
  • on effectue un emboutissage à froid, à partir du flan de tôle pour obtenir la pièce,
  • on réalise, après emboutissage, par traitement thermique un composé allié intermétallique, en surface, assurant une protection contre la corrosion, et contre la décarburation de l'acier, ledit composé étant obtenu par transformation du revêtement en un alliage intermétallique par une élévation de température supérieure à 700°C,
  • on retire par découpage, les excédents de tôle nécessaires à l'opération d'emboutissage.
The subject of the invention is a process for producing a part with very high mechanical characteristics, shaped by stamping, from a strip of rolled steel sheet, in particular hot-rolled and coated with zinc or aluminum. a zinc-based alloy providing protection of the surface and steel, characterized in that:
  • the sheet is cut to obtain a sheet blank,
  • cold stamping is carried out from the sheet blank to obtain the part,
  • after stamping, by heat treatment, an intermetallic alloy compound is produced at the surface, providing protection against corrosion, and against decarburization of the steel, said compound being obtained by transforming the coating into an intermetallic alloy by raising the temperature. greater than 700 ° C,
  • the excess sheet metal required for the stamping operation is removed by cutting.

Les autres caractéristiques de l'invention sont :

  • le métal ou l'alliage métallique du revêtement est du zinc ou un alliage à base de zinc d'une épaisseur comprise entre 5 µm et 30 µm.
  • l'alliage intermétallique est un composé à base de zinc-fer ou à base de zinc-fer-aluminium.
  • la tôle revêtue est soumise à une élévation de température supérieure à 700°C avant le traitement thermique.
  • la pièce obtenue par emboutissage est refroidie pour subir une trempe, à une vitesse supérieure à la vitesse critique de trempe.
The other features of the invention are:
  • the metal or metal alloy of the coating is zinc or a zinc-based alloy with a thickness of between 5 μm and 30 μm.
  • the intermetallic alloy is a compound based on zinc-iron or based on zinc-iron-aluminum.
  • the coated sheet is subjected to a temperature rise above 700 ° C. before the heat treatment.
  • the piece obtained by stamping is cooled to quench at a speed greater than the critical quenching speed.

L'invention conceme aussi l'utilisation d'une bande de tôle d'acier laminée et notamment laminée à chaud et revêtue de zinc ou d'un alliage à base de zinc assurant une protection de la surface et de l'acier de la tôle dans la mise en forme par emboutissage de pièces, les pièces ayant de hautes caractéristiques mécaniques en dureté et de hautes caractéristiques de dureté en surface ainsi qu'une très bonne tenue à l'abrasion.The invention also relates to the use of a strip of rolled and in particular hot-rolled steel sheet coated with zinc or a zinc-based alloy providing protection of the surface and steel of the sheet metal. in the stamping of parts, the parts having high mechanical properties in hardness and high surface hardness characteristics and a very good resistance to abrasion.

La description qui suit et les figures annexées feront bien comprendre l'invention.

  • La figure 1 est un schéma de principe d'un procédé ne faisant pas partie de l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est un schéma de principe d'une forme de l'invention.
  • Les figures 3a et 3b sont des photographies, en coupe, d'une partie de pièce, présentant un revêtement zinc réalisé selon le procédé de la figure 1, avant et après traitement thermique.
  • Les figures 4a et 4b sont des photographies, en coupe, d'une partie de pièce, présentant un revêtement zinc aluminium réalisé selon le procédé de la figure 1, avant et après traitement thermique.
The description which follows and the appended figures will make the invention clear.
  • The figure 1 is a block diagram of a process not forming part of the invention.
  • The figure 2 is a block diagram of a form of the invention.
  • The Figures 3a and 3b are photographs, in section, of a part of a piece, having a zinc coating produced according to the method of figure 1 , before and after heat treatment.
  • The Figures 4a and 4b are photographs, in section, of a part of a piece, having a zinc aluminum coating produced according to the method of figure 1 , before and after heat treatment.

Le procédé présenté sur le schéma de la figure 1, consiste, à partir d'une tôle d'un acier pour traitement thermique et ou formage à chaud notamment laminé à chaud et revêtu de zinc ou d'un alliage à base de zinc, en la réalisation de pièce mise en forme à chaud au moyen d'outil comme une presse d'emboutissage.The process presented in the diagram of the figure 1 , consists, from a sheet of a steel for heat treatment and hot forming, in particular hot rolled and coated with zinc or a zinc-based alloy, in the production of a hot-formed part in the form of tool means such as a stamping press.

Le revêtement de zinc ou d'alliage de zinc est choisi de manière à générer une protection contre la corrosion de la tôle de base, en bobine.The zinc or zinc alloy coating is selected so as to provide corrosion protection for the base sheet in a coil.

Contrairement aux idées reçues, lors d'un traitement thermique ou d'une élévation de température pour la mise en forme à chaud, le revêtement forme une couche qui s'allie avec l'acier de la bande et présente à ce moment une tenue mécanique évitant la fusion de métal de revêtement. Le composé formé présente une grande résistance à la corrosion, à l'abrasion, à l'usure et à la fatigue. Le revêtement ne modifie pas les propriétés de formabilité de l'acier et autorise ainsi une grande variété de mise en forme à froid et à chaud.Contrary to popular belief, during a heat treatment or a rise in temperature for hot shaping, the coating forms a layer which combines with the steel of the strip and present at this moment a mechanical strength avoiding the melting of coating metal. The formed compound has high resistance to corrosion, abrasion, wear and fatigue. The coating does not alter the formability properties of the steel and thus allows a wide variety of cold and hot forming.

De plus l'utilisation du zinc ou d'un alliage de zinc génère une protection galvanique des tranches lorsque le flan de tôle ou la pièce présente des découpes.In addition the use of zinc or a zinc alloy generates a galvanic protection of the slices when the sheet blank or the piece has cutouts.

Après laminage à chaud, la bande peut être décapée et laminée à froid avant d'être revêtue. Dans le cas ou la tôle est laminée à froid, celle ci peut être recuite avant d'être revêtue.After hot rolling, the strip can be pickled and cold rolled before being coated. In the case where the sheet is cold rolled, it can be annealed before being coated.

On peut revêtir la tôle laminée, par exemple, avec du zinc, ou des alliages zinc aluminium.The rolled sheet can be coated, for example, with zinc, or zinc aluminum alloys.

Comme représenté sur le schéma de la figure 2, la tôle est emboutie à froid pour l'obtention de la pièce. La pièce obtenue est ensuite soumise à un traitement thermique pour lui conférer des caractéristiques mécaniques élevées. Par exemple, un acier de base ayant une résistance à la rupture Rm d'environ 500 MPa permettra d'obtention de pièces traitées thermiquement ayant un acier avec une résistance Rm supérieure à 1500 MPa.As shown in the diagram of the figure 2 , the sheet is cold stamped to obtain the piece. The resulting part is then subjected to a heat treatment to give it high mechanical characteristics. For example, a base steel having a breaking strength Rm of about 500 MPa will make it possible to obtain heat-treated parts having a steel with a resistance Rm greater than 1500 MPa.

Pour le traitement thermique de la pièce, la tôle est soumise à une élévation de température comprise de préférence entre 700°C et 1200°C dans un four comportant une atmosphère ne nécessitant plus de contrôle, du fait de la barrière à l'oxydation formée par le revêtement. Lors de l'élévation de la température, le revêtement à base de zinc se transforme en une couche alliée en surface comportant différentes phases dépendant du traitement en température et présentant une grande dureté pouvant dépasser 600 HV 100g.For the heat treatment of the workpiece, the sheet is subjected to a temperature rise preferably between 700 ° C and 1200 ° C in a furnace with an atmosphere no longer requiring control, because of the barrier to oxidation formed by the coating. When raising the temperature, the zinc-based coating is transformed into an alloyed surface layer having different phases depending on the temperature treatment and having a high hardness of more than 600 HV 100g.

Dans le procédé de l'invention, on peut utiliser des tôles dont l'épaisseur est comprise entre 0,2 mm et 4 mm, ayant de bonnes propriétés de mise en forme ainsi qu'une bonne résistance à la corrosion.In the process of the invention, sheets having a thickness of between 0.2 mm and 4 mm may be used, having good shaping properties as well as good corrosion resistance.

Les tôles livrées revêtues, présentent une résistance importante à la corrosion pendant les élévations de température, la mise en forme, les traitements thermiques, et lors de l'utilisation des pièces formées finies.The sheets delivered coated, have a significant resistance to corrosion during temperature rises, shaping, heat treatments, and during the use of finished formed parts.

La présence du revêtement lors de traitements thermiques permet d'éviter en plus de la corrosion, la décarburation de l'acier de base. De plus, l'effet de protection contre la décarburation de l'alliage intermétallique permet l'usage de four haute température dépassant 900°C ayant une atmosphère non contrôlée, et cela, même pour des temps de chauffe de plusieurs minutes.The presence of the coating during heat treatments makes it possible to avoid, in addition to corrosion, the decarburization of the base steel. In addition, the effect of protection against decarburization of the intermetallic alloy allows the use of high temperature furnace exceeding 900 ° C having an uncontrolled atmosphere, and this, even for heating times of several minutes.

En sortie de four, il n'est plus nécessaire de décaper la pièce obtenue, d'où une économie du fait de la suppression du bain de décapage des pièces finies.Out of the oven, it is no longer necessary to strip the piece obtained, resulting in a saving due to the removal of the pickling bath of finished parts.

De par les caractéristiques du revêtement après élévation de température, les pièces obtenues ont une résistance accrue à la fatigue, à l'usure, à l'abrasion et à la corrosion, y compris sur tranche du fait du comportement galvanique du zinc avec l'acier. De plus, le revêtement est soudable avant et après élévation de température.Due to the characteristics of the coating after temperature rise, the parts obtained have an increased resistance to fatigue, wear, abrasion and corrosion, including on the wafer because of the galvanic behavior of the zinc with the steel. In addition, the coating is weldable before and after temperature rise.

L'acier de la tôle assure, par effet de trempe au refroidissement, des caractéristiques mécaniques élevées de la pièce obtenue après mise en forme.The steel of the sheet ensures, by cooling quenching effect, high mechanical characteristics of the part obtained after shaping.

Exemple 1 : revêtement de zinc sur acier.Example 1: zinc coating on steel.

Dans un exemple de réalisation, on utilise une bande de tôle laminée à chaud en acier de composition pondérale suivante :

  • carbone : 0,15% à 0,25%,
  • manganèse : 0,8% à 1,5%,
  • silicium : 0,1% à 0,35%,
  • chrome : 0,01% à 0,2%,
  • titane : moins de 0,1%,
  • aluminium : moins de 0,1%,
  • phosphore : moins de 0,05%,
  • soufre : moins de 0,03%,
  • bore : 0,0005% à 0,01%.
In an exemplary embodiment, a sheet of hot-rolled steel sheet of the following weight composition is used:
  • carbon: 0.15% to 0.25%,
  • manganese: 0.8% to 1.5%,
  • silicon: 0.1% to 0.35%,
  • chromium: 0.01% to 0.2%,
  • titanium: less than 0.1%,
  • aluminum: less than 0.1%,
  • phosphorus: less than 0.05%,
  • sulfur: less than 0.03%,
  • boron: 0.0005% to 0.01%.

On réalise une pièce à partir de la tôle d'acier laminé à froid de 1 mm d'épaisseur et galvanisée en continu double face, avec une épaisseur de revêtement de 10 µm environ. Dans le procédé ne faisant pas partie de l'invention on austénitise la tôle à 950°C avant formage et trempe dans l'outil, le revêtement assurant un rôle de lubrifiant lors de la mise en forme, en plus de ses fonctions de protection contre la corrosion à froid, à chaud et contre la décarburation. Lors de la trempe, le revêtement allié ne gène pas l'extraction de la chaleur par l'outil et peut la favoriser. Après formage et trempe, il n'est plus nécessaire de décaper la pièce ou de la protéger, le revêtement de base assurant la protection tout au long du procédé.One piece is made from cold-rolled steel sheet 1 mm thick and galvanized continuously double-sided, with a coating thickness of about 10 microns. In the process not forming part of the invention the sheet is austenitized at 950 ° C. before forming and quenching in the tool, the coating acting as a lubricant during shaping, in addition to its protective functions against cold corrosion, hot and against decarburization. During quenching, the alloy coating does not interfere with the extraction of heat by the tool and can promote it. After forming and quenching, it is no longer necessary to strip the part or to protect it, the base coating providing protection throughout the process.

Après mise en forme et de ce fait, traitement thermique, la pièce réalisée est d'un aspect gris mat sans coulure ni bulle, sans écaillage ou fissures, et ne présentant pas de calamine sur la tranche, en coupe. Des observations au microscope électronique à balayage montrent en surface et en coupe, que le revêtement garde une structure et une texture homogènes et que l'alliation Fe-Zn se manifeste en moins de 5 minutes à 950°C.After shaping and thus heat treatment, the part produced is of a matt gray appearance without sag or bubble, without flaking or cracks, and not presenting no calamine on the slice, in section. Scanning electron microscopic observations show on the surface and in section that the coating retains a homogeneous structure and texture and that Fe-Zn alliation occurs in less than 5 minutes at 950 ° C.

Le revêtement comprend comme représenté de manière comparative sur les figures 3a et 3b représentant respectivement, en coupe, le revêtement avant et après traitement thermique, une interface de diffusion du Zn, d'une épaisseur comprise entre 5 et 10 µm, est une couche formée par des nodules d'alliage Zn-Fe dans une matrice de zinc, couche d'une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 15 µm.The coating comprises as shown in comparative manner on the Figures 3a and 3b respectively representing, in section, the coating before and after heat treatment, a Zn diffusion interface, with a thickness of between 5 and 10 μm, is a layer formed by nodules of Zn-Fe alloy in a zinc matrix layer with a thickness of between 10 and 15 μm.

Des essais de corrosion en humidité et température suivant la norme DIN 50 017 montrent que le revêtement selon l'invention assure une excellente protection contre la corrosion après 30 cycles, les surfaces des pièces gardant leur aspect gris.Moisture and temperature corrosion tests according to DIN 50 017 show that the coating according to the invention provides excellent protection against corrosion after 30 cycles, the surfaces of the parts keeping their gray appearance.

Le tableau 1 suivant présente la perte de masse par corrosion après 500 et 1000 heures de brouillard salin, pour un acier de référence non revêtu, pour un acier de référence galvanisé sans traitement thermique, et un acier selon deux formes de l'invention. Tableau 1 . Pertes de masse en g/m2 Pertes de masse en g/m2 Après 500 heures Après 1000 heures Acier de référence 450 g/m2 1230 g/m2 Acier galvanisé de référence 80 g/m2 140 g/m2 Acier revêtu Zn après traitement thermique 32 g/m2 82 g/m2 Acier revêtu Zn-Al après traitement thermique 22 g/m2 50 g/m2 Table 1 below shows the loss of corrosion mass after 500 and 1000 hours of salt spray, for an uncoated reference steel, for a galvanized reference steel without heat treatment, and a steel according to two forms of the invention. Table 1. Loss of mass in g / m 2 Loss of mass in g / m 2 After 500 hours After 1000 hours Reference steel 450 g / m 2 1230 g / m 2 Galvanized reference steel 80 g / m 2 140 g / m 2 Zn coated steel after heat treatment 32 g / m 2 82 g / m 2 Zn-Al coated steel after heat treatment 22 g / m 2 50 g / m 2

Comme on peut le remarquer, le revêtement après traitement thermique résiste bien au brouillard salin. De plus cette surface, composée de zinc et de fer peut se phosphater dans des bains classiques de traitement de surface du type phosphatation trication. Les essais de corrosion réalisés après phosphatation et peinture cataphorèse montrent d'excellents résultats. La couche alliée zinc fer assure de plus une protection galvanique des tranches du type protection cathodique.As can be seen, the coating after heat treatment is resistant to salt spray. In addition, this surface, composed of zinc and iron, can be phosphated in conventional surface treatment baths of the phosphating type. The corrosion tests carried out after phosphating and cataphoresis painting show excellent results. The zinc iron alloy layer also provides galvanic protection for cathodic protection type slices.

Exemple 2 : revêtement de zinc aluminium sur acier (ne faisant pas partie de l'invention).Example 2: Coating of zinc aluminum on steel (not forming part of the invention).

Un revêtement de 10 µm est appliqué sur une tôle de 1 mm environ. Ce revêtement est composé de 50 à 55% d'aluminium et de 45 à 50% de zinc avec éventuellement une petite quantité de silicium.A 10 μm coating is applied to a sheet of about 1 mm. This coating is composed of 50 to 55% aluminum and 45 to 50% zinc with possibly a small amount of silicon.

L'aspect de ce revêtement en coupe, après formage à chaud est présenté sur les figures 4a et 4b.The appearance of this sectional coating after hot forming is presented on the Figures 4a and 4b .

Lors du formage à chaud, le zinc, l'aluminium, et le fer s'allient pour former un revêtement de zinc-aluminium-fer homogène et adhérent. Les tests de corrosion montrent que cette couche alliée assure une très bonne protection contre la corrosion.In hot forming, zinc, aluminum, and iron combine to form a homogeneous and adherent zinc-aluminum-iron coating. Corrosion tests show that this alloy layer provides very good protection against corrosion.

Claims (11)

  1. A method for producing a body featuring very high mechanical properties by press forming from a strip of rolled steel sheet, in particular hot rolled, and coated with zinc or a zinc-based alloy that provides protection of the surface and of the steel, the method comprising
    - cutting the sheet to make a sheet metal blank,
    - carrying out cold press forming departing from the sheet metal blank in order to obtain the body,
    - producing, after press forming, by means of heat treatment, an alloyed, intermetallic compound on the surface, providing protection against corrosion and against decarburisation of the steel, said compound being obtained by transforming the coating into an intermetallic alloy by an increase in temperature of more than 700°,
    - removing, by cutting, the surplus sheet metal necessary for the press forming operation.
  2. The method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the shaped body is cooled.
  3. The method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the zinc or the zinc-based alloy of the coating has a thickness of between 5 µm and 30 µm.
  4. The method according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the alloyed compound is a zinc/iron-based compound also comprising silicon.
  5. The method according to any of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the body is subjected to an increase in temperature of between 700°C and 1200°C in a furnace with an uncontrolled atmosphere.
  6. The method according to any of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the body obtained by press forming is cooled so as to undergo quenching at a speed greater than the critical quenching speed.
  7. The method according to any of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the increase in temperature is greater than 900°C, but not exceeding 1200°C.
  8. A body featuring very high mechanical properties, formed by a cold press formed blank and cut from a strip of rolled steel sheet, in particular hot rolled, and coated with zinc or a zinc-based alloy providing protection of the surface and the steel, the coating being transformed, after press forming, by heat treatment into a zinc/iron-based alloyed compound on the surface providing protection against corrosion and against decarburisation of the steel, said heat treatment being implemented by means of an increase in temperature of more than 700°C.
  9. The body according to Claim 8, characterised in that the thickness of the coating is between 5 µm and 30 µm.
  10. The body according to Claim 8 or 9, characterised in that said strip of sheet steel comprises 0.15 to 0.25 % carbon, 0.8 to 1.5 % manganese, 0.1 to 0.35 % silicon, 0.01 to 0.2 % chrome, 0 to 0.1 % titanium, 0 to 0.1 % aluminium, 0 to 0.05 % phosphorous, 0 to 0.03 % sulphur and 0.0005 to 0.01 % boron in % by weight.
  11. The body according to any of Claims 8 to 10, characterised in that said strip of sheet steel is a strip of hot-rolled steel, then cold-rolled.
EP06002618.4A 2000-04-07 2001-04-04 Method for manufacturing a body featuring very high mechanical properties, forming by cold drawing from a rolled steel sheet, in particular hot rolled and coated sheet Expired - Lifetime EP1672088B2 (en)

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FR0004427A FR2807447B1 (en) 2000-04-07 2000-04-07 METHOD FOR MAKING A PART WITH VERY HIGH MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS, SHAPED BY STAMPING, FROM A STRIP OF LAMINATED AND IN PARTICULAR HOT ROLLED AND COATED STEEL SHEET
EP01400861A EP1143029B1 (en) 2000-04-07 2001-04-04 Method for manufacturing a body featuring very high mechanical properties, forming by drawing from a rolled steel sheet, in particular hot rolled and coated sheet

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