EP0971044A1 - Clad hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel sheet, presenting a very high resistance after thermal treatment - Google Patents

Clad hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel sheet, presenting a very high resistance after thermal treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0971044A1
EP0971044A1 EP99401690A EP99401690A EP0971044A1 EP 0971044 A1 EP0971044 A1 EP 0971044A1 EP 99401690 A EP99401690 A EP 99401690A EP 99401690 A EP99401690 A EP 99401690A EP 0971044 A1 EP0971044 A1 EP 0971044A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet
composition
rolled
aluminum
coating
Prior art date
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Application number
EP99401690A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0971044B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Laurent
Jacques Devroc
Jean-Paul Hennechart
Dominique Spehner
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ArcelorMittal France SA
Original Assignee
Sollac SA
Lorraine de Laminage Continu SA SOLLAC
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/939—Molten or fused coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12757—Fe

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hot and cold rolled steel sheet, coated and having a very high resistance after heat treatment.
  • the solutions proposed entailing a increased mechanical characteristics are exercised at the expense of formatting properties.
  • the characteristics necessary for use are obtained by treatment thermal posterior or concomitant with the shaping.
  • the sheets proposed are not delivered coated for problems of dress of the coating during heat treatment.
  • the coating is therefore carried out on finished parts which requires careful cleaning of surfaces and parts hollow.
  • the heat treatment must be carried out under an atmosphere controlled to avoid decarburization and oxidation of the metal of the sheet.
  • the steel sheets for heat treatment have no pre-coating, which requires degreasing, pickling and coating post-treatments.
  • pre-annealing and cooling before or after the operation coatings are only used for bring the sheet to a temperature close to that of the bath or to restore the mechanical properties of the sheet degraded during cold rolling.
  • These thermal cycles are chosen based on the composition of the steel so that no allotropic transformation takes place during the thermal cycle, the objective being to obtain mechanical characteristics similar to those measured on steel sheets supplied uncoated.
  • the object of the invention is to produce a hot-rolled steel sheet or cold of a desired thickness, coated, and with possibilities of extensive shaping and which, after heat treatment carried out on the part finished, allows to obtain a mechanical resistance higher than 1000 MPa, resistance to impact, fatigue, abrasion and significant wear, everything maintaining good corrosion resistance and good suitability to painting and collage. It must also be possible to carry out hot form with quenching in the tool, obtaining the same properties.
  • the subject of the invention is a hot-rolled steel sheet, which can optionally be then cold-rolled, coated and heat treated, the steel of the sheet having the following weight composition: 0.15% ⁇ carbon ⁇ 0.5% 0.5% ⁇ manganese ⁇ 3% 0.1% ⁇ silicon ⁇ 0.5% 0.01% ⁇ chromium ⁇ 1%, titanium ⁇ 0.2%, aluminum ⁇ 0.1%, phosphorus ⁇ 0.1%, sulfur ⁇ 0.05%, 0.0005% ⁇ boron ⁇ 0.08%, the balance being iron and impurities inherent in the production.
  • the invention also relates to a method of producing a part to from the coated sheet in which after shaping and before treatment thermal, the coating of the part is subjected to an elevation of temperature at a speed greater than 5 ° C / second which may exceed 600 ° C / second.
  • the invention also relates to the use of hot-rolled steel sheet and can then be cold rolled and coated, for structural parts and / or anti-intrusion or underbody for land motor vehicle like for example a bumper beam, a door reinforcement, an arm wheel ...
  • the sheet according to the invention which results, due to its preparation, from a hot rolling train, can optionally be cold rolled in depending on the desired final thickness. It is then coated with a coating based on aluminum, for example by dipping in a bath further comprising, 8% to 11% silicon, 2% to 4% iron, the sheet having a high mechanical resistance after heat treatment and high resistance to corrosion, as well as good paint and bonding ability.
  • the coating has the particular function of protecting the sheet from base against hot and cold corrosion.
  • Characteristics mechanical in the delivery state of the sheet according to the invention allow a wide variety of shaping, in particular deep drawing.
  • the heat treatment applied during or after a hot forming process the shaping allows to obtain high mechanical characteristics can exceed 1500 MPa for mechanical resistance and 1200 MPa for the elastic limit.
  • the final mechanical characteristics are adaptable and depend on the carbon content of the steel and the heat treatment.
  • the coating forms a layer having a large resistance to abrasion, wear, fatigue, shock as well as good resistance to corrosion and good paint and bonding ability.
  • steel the weight composition of which is as follows: 0.15% ⁇ carbon ⁇ 0.5% 0.5% ⁇ manganese ⁇ 3% 0.1% ⁇ silicon ⁇ 0.5% 0.01% ⁇ chromium ⁇ 1%, titanium ⁇ 0.2%, aluminum ⁇ 0.1%, phosphorus ⁇ 0.1%, sulfur ⁇ 0.05%, 0.0005% ⁇ boron ⁇ 0.08%, the balance being iron and impurities inherent in the preparation is produced in the form of a hot-rolled and possibly cold-rolled sheet to obtain the desired thickness.
  • the steel sheet is then coated by dipping, after pickling, in an aluminum bath containing either 8% to 11% of silicon and 2% to 4% of iron, or 2% to 4% of iron without silicon, or alternatively, in an aluminum bath preferably containing from 9% to 10% of silicon and 2% to 3.5% of iron.
  • a coating of the sheet metal by dipping in a metal bath containing an aluminum alloy comprising a proportion of approximately 90% aluminum, the coating layer has a first layer of alloy in contact with the steel surface. This layer, directly in contact with the surface of the sheet is strongly alloyed with iron.
  • a second coating layer, above the first, contains approximately 90% aluminum and may contain, depending on the composition of the bath, silicon and a little iron.
  • the first layer of alloy can crack when the sheet is put in form for the manufacture of parts.
  • the coating is subjected to a temperature rise at a speed higher than 5 ° C / second which can exceed 600 ° C / second. This climb in temperature allows a rapid reflow of the aluminum which clogs the cracks caused by the shaping operation of the part.
  • Another advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the diffusion iron in the coating will be initiated at high temperature. So we will have a better cohesion between coating and sheet steel.
  • the heat treatment can be carried out locally, in heavily deformed areas.
  • the steel sheet according to the invention containing 0.21% carbon; 1.14% manganese; 0.020% phosphorus; 0.0038% sulfur; 0.25% silicon; 0.040% aluminum; 0.009% copper; 0.020% nickel; 0.18% chromium; 0.0040% nitrogen; 0.032% titanium; 0.003% boron; 0.0050% calcium is coated with a base layer aluminum about 20 ⁇ m thick.
  • the sheet in the state of delivery in reel or in sheets, whose thickness can be between 0.25 mm and 15 mm has good shaping properties as well as good corrosion resistance as well a good aptitude for painting and collage.
  • Sheet metal, a coated steel product has significant resistance corrosion at delivery, during shaping and processing as well as during the use of the finished part. After treatment thermal, we obtain a significant mechanical resistance which can exceed 1500 MPa.
  • the presence of the coating during the heat treatment of the parts makes it possible to avoid any decarburization of the base metal as well as any oxidation. This is an undeniable advantage, especially in the case of shaping hot. In addition, heating the treated room does not require an oven having a controlled atmosphere to avoid decarburization.
  • the heat treatment of the metal of the sheet metal consists of heating a temperature between Ac1, temperature at the start of transformation austenitic, for example, 750 ° C, and 1200 ° C, in an oven, for a time which is a function of the temperature to be reached and the thickness of the sheet of the room.
  • the composition is optimized to limit the magnification of the grains during heat treatment. If the target structure is completely martensitic, the holding temperature must be higher than Ac3, for example 840 ° C, temperature at the end of austenitic formation. Maintaining the temperature must be followed by cooling adapted to the final target structure.
  • the cooling rate must be higher than the critical speed quench which is 27 ° C / s for austenitization at 900 ° C for 5 min, the sheet having a thickness of approximately 1 mm.
  • ferrito-bainitic, or ferrito-martensitics by heating to a temperature between Ac1, for example, 750 ° C and Ac3, for example, 840 ° C followed by suitable cooling.
  • a temperature between Ac1 ° C and Ac3 for example, 840 ° C followed by suitable cooling.
  • one or more of these phases are present in varying proportions.
  • the structure is mainly composed of martensite.
  • Chromium, manganese, boron and carbon are added in the composition of the steel according to the invention, for their influence on the hardenability.
  • carbon achieves high mechanical characteristics thanks to its effect on the hardness of martensite.
  • Aluminum is introduced into the composition in order to trap oxygen and protect the effectiveness of boron.
  • Titanium with a ratio of the content to the nitrogen content must be greater than 3.42 is introduced to avoid the combination of boron with nitrogen, nitrogen being combined with titanium.
  • Alloy elements, Mn, Cr, B, allow quenchability authorizing quenching in stamping tools or the use of mild harshness limiting deformation of parts during processing thermal.
  • the composition according to the invention is optimized from the point of view of weldability.
  • the sheet steel can undergo a sulphide globulation treatment made with calcium which has the effect of improving resistance to fatigue sheet metal.
  • Steel is particularly suitable for making pieces of structure and anti intrusion.
  • the proposed coating avoids different operations of surface preparation as for steel sheets for treatment thermal without coating.
  • the modulation of the heat treatment parameters allows achieve, with a given composition, different levels of resistance in hot sheet and cold sheet depending on the thickness targeted.
  • the coating based for example of aluminum transforms into a layer alloyed with iron and comprising different phases depending on the heat treatment and presenting a high hardness that can exceed 600HV100g.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A hot rolled steel sheet, consisting of a hot dip aluminized, shaped and heat treated sheet of low alloy steel of specified composition, is new. A novel hot rolled steel sheet consists of a steel of composition (by wt.) 0.15-0.5% (exclusive) C, 0.5-3% (exclusive) Mn, 0.1-0.5% (exclusive) Si, 0.01-1% (exclusive) Cr, less than 0.2% Ti, less than 0.1% Al, less than 0.1% P, less than 0.05% S, 0.0005-0.08% (exclusive) B, balance Fe and impurities. An Independent claim is also included for forming a part from the above steel sheet having a hot dip aluminized coating which is heated at more than 5 to 600 degrees C/s. or more after sheet forming and before heat treatment. Preferred Features: The sheet is hot dip coated in a bath of composition 2-3.5% Fe and balance Al, optionally with addition of 9-10% Si.

Description

L'invention concerne une tôle d'acier laminée à chaud et à froid, revêtue et comportant une très haute résistance après traitement thermique.The invention relates to a hot and cold rolled steel sheet, coated and having a very high resistance after heat treatment.

Dans ce domaine technique, les solutions proposées entraínant une augmentation des caractéristiques mécaniques s'exercent au détriment des propriétés de mise en forme. Il existe une solution consistant à séparer les propriétés de mise en forme et celles nécessaires à l'emploi. Les caractéristiques nécessaires à l'emploi sont obtenues par un traitement thermique postérieur ou concomitant à la mise en forme. Dans ce cas, les tôles proposées ne sont pas livrées revêtues pour des problèmes de tenues du revêtement lors du traitement thermique. Le revêtement est donc effectué sur pièces finies ce qui nécessite un nettoyage soigné des surfaces et des parties creuses. De plus le traitement thermique doit être effectué sous atmosphère contrôlée afin d'éviter toute décarburation et oxydation du métal de la tôle. Les tôles en acier pour traitement thermique ne possèdent pas de pré-revêtement, ce qui nécessite des post-traitements de dégraissage, décapage et revêtement.In this technical field, the solutions proposed entailing a increased mechanical characteristics are exercised at the expense of formatting properties. There is a solution consisting in separating the formatting properties and those necessary for use. The characteristics necessary for use are obtained by treatment thermal posterior or concomitant with the shaping. In this case, the sheets proposed are not delivered coated for problems of dress of the coating during heat treatment. The coating is therefore carried out on finished parts which requires careful cleaning of surfaces and parts hollow. In addition, the heat treatment must be carried out under an atmosphere controlled to avoid decarburization and oxidation of the metal of the sheet. The steel sheets for heat treatment have no pre-coating, which requires degreasing, pickling and coating post-treatments.

Lors du revêtement en continu des produits plats laminés à chaud et à froid, le recuit préalable et le refroidissement précédant ou suivant l'opération de revêtement, à base de zinc ou d'aluminium, ne sont utilisés que pour amener la tôle à une température proche de celle du bain ou pour restaurer les propriétés mécaniques de la tôle dégradées lors du laminage à froid. Ces cycles thermiques sont choisis en fonction de la composition de l'acier afin qu'aucune transformation allotropique n'ait lieu lors du cycle thermique, l'objectif étant d'obtenir des caractéristiques mécaniques similaires à celles mesurées sur les tôles d'acier livrées non revêtues.When continuously coating hot rolled and cold, pre-annealing and cooling before or after the operation coatings, based on zinc or aluminum, are only used for bring the sheet to a temperature close to that of the bath or to restore the mechanical properties of the sheet degraded during cold rolling. These thermal cycles are chosen based on the composition of the steel so that no allotropic transformation takes place during the thermal cycle, the objective being to obtain mechanical characteristics similar to those measured on steel sheets supplied uncoated.

Le but de l'invention est de produire une tôle d'acier laminée à chaud ou à froid d'une épaisseur désirée, revêtue, et présentant des possibilités de mise en forme étendues et qui, après traitement thermique effectué sur la pièce finie, permette d'obtenir une résistance mécanique supérieure à 1000 MPa, une résistance aux chocs, à la fatigue, à l'abrasion et à l'usure importante, tout en conservant une bonne résistance à la corrosion ainsi qu'une bonne aptitude à la peinture et au collage. Il doit être également possible de réaliser la mise en forme à chaud avec trempe dans l'outil en obtenant les mêmes propriétés.The object of the invention is to produce a hot-rolled steel sheet or cold of a desired thickness, coated, and with possibilities of extensive shaping and which, after heat treatment carried out on the part finished, allows to obtain a mechanical resistance higher than 1000 MPa, resistance to impact, fatigue, abrasion and significant wear, everything maintaining good corrosion resistance and good suitability to painting and collage. It must also be possible to carry out hot form with quenching in the tool, obtaining the same properties.

L'invention a pour objet une tôle d'acier laminée à chaud, pouvant être éventuellement ensuite laminée à froid, revêtue et traitée themiquement, l'acier de la tôle ayant la composition pondérale suivante :
0,15% < carbone < 0,5%
0,5% < manganèse < 3%
0,1% < silicium < 0,5%
0,01% < chrome < 1%,
titane < 0,2%,
aluminium < 0,1%,
phosphore < 0,1%,
soufre < 0,05%,
0,0005% < bore < 0,08%, le solde étant du fer et des impuretés inhérentes à l'élaboration.The subject of the invention is a hot-rolled steel sheet, which can optionally be then cold-rolled, coated and heat treated, the steel of the sheet having the following weight composition:
0.15% <carbon <0.5%
0.5% <manganese <3%
0.1% <silicon <0.5%
0.01% <chromium <1%,
titanium <0.2%,
aluminum <0.1%,
phosphorus <0.1%,
sulfur <0.05%,
0.0005% <boron <0.08%, the balance being iron and impurities inherent in the production.

Les autres caractéristiques de l'invention sont:

  • la composition pondérale de la tôle est de préférence la suivante:
    0,20% < carbone < 0,5%
    0,8% < manganèse < 1,5%
    0,1% < silicium < 0,35%
    0,01% < chrome < 1%,
    titane < 0,1%,
    aluminium < 0,1%,
    phosphore < 0,05%,
    soufre < 0,03%,
    0,0005% < bore < 0,01%, le solde étant du fer et des impuretés inhérentes à l'élaboration.
  • dans la composition pondérale de la tôle, la teneur en titane par rapport à la teneur en azote est supérieure à 3,42, le bore ne pouvant plus être combiné à l'azote .
  • le bain métallique pour le revêtement comprend dans sa composition pondérale de base, de 9% à 10% de silicium, de 2% à 3,5% de fer, le solde étant de l'aluminium.
  • le bain métallique pour le revêtement comprend dans sa composition pondérale de base, de 2% à 4% de fer, le solde étant de l'aluminium.
The other characteristics of the invention are:
  • the weight composition of the sheet is preferably as follows:
    0.20% <carbon <0.5%
    0.8% <manganese <1.5%
    0.1% <silicon <0.35%
    0.01% <chromium <1%,
    titanium <0.1%,
    aluminum <0.1%,
    phosphorus <0.05%,
    sulfur <0.03%,
    0.0005% <boron <0.01%, the balance being iron and impurities inherent in the production.
  • in the weight composition of the sheet, the titanium content relative to the nitrogen content is greater than 3.42, the boron can no longer be combined with nitrogen.
  • the metal bath for the coating comprises, in its basic weight composition, from 9% to 10% of silicon, from 2% to 3.5% of iron, the balance being aluminum.
  • the metal bath for the coating comprises, in its basic weight composition, from 2% to 4% of iron, the balance being aluminum.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de réalisation d'une pièce à partir de la tôle revêtue dans lequel après mise en forme et avant traitement thermique, le revêtement de la pièce est soumis à une élévation de température à une vitesse supérieure à 5°C/ seconde pouvant dépasser 600°C/seconde.The invention also relates to a method of producing a part to from the coated sheet in which after shaping and before treatment thermal, the coating of the part is subjected to an elevation of temperature at a speed greater than 5 ° C / second which may exceed 600 ° C / second.

Une autre caractéristique du procédé est:

  • le traitement thermique consiste à réchauffer le revêtement et la pièce à une température supérieure à 750°C.
Another characteristic of the process is:
  • the heat treatment consists of reheating the coating and the part to a temperature above 750 ° C.

L'invention concerne aussi l'utilisation de la tôle d'acier laminée à chaud et pouvant être ensuite laminée à froid et revêtue, pour des pièces de structure et /ou anti-intrusion ou de soubassement pour véhicule terrestre à moteur comme par exemple une poutre de pare choc, un renfort de portière, un bras de roue...The invention also relates to the use of hot-rolled steel sheet and can then be cold rolled and coated, for structural parts and / or anti-intrusion or underbody for land motor vehicle like for example a bumper beam, a door reinforcement, an arm wheel ...

La description qui suit fera bien comprendre l'invention.The following description will make the invention clear.

La tôle selon l'invention qui est issue, du fait de son élaboration, d'un train de laminage à chaud, peut éventuellement être relaminée à froid en fonction de l'épaisseur finale désirée. Elle est ensuite revêtue d'un revêtement à base d'aluminium, par exemple au trempé dans un bain comportant en outre, de 8% à 11% de silicium, de 2% à 4% de fer, la tôle présentant une haute résistance mécanique après traitement thermique et une haute tenue à la corrosion, ainsi qu'une bonne aptitude à la peinture et au collage.The sheet according to the invention which results, due to its preparation, from a hot rolling train, can optionally be cold rolled in depending on the desired final thickness. It is then coated with a coating based on aluminum, for example by dipping in a bath further comprising, 8% to 11% silicon, 2% to 4% iron, the sheet having a high mechanical resistance after heat treatment and high resistance to corrosion, as well as good paint and bonding ability.

Le revêtement a notamment pour fonction de protéger la tôle de base contre la corrosion à chaud comme à froid. Les caractéristiques mécaniques à l'état de livraison de la tôle selon l'invention autorisent une grande variété de mise en forme en particulier un emboutissage profond. Le traitement thermique appliqué lors d'un procédé de formage à chaud ou après la mise en forme permet d'obtenir des caractéristiques mécaniques élevées pouvant dépasser 1500 MPa pour la résistance mécanique et 1200 MPa pour la limite d'élasticité. Les caractéristiques mécaniques finales sont adaptables et dépendent de la teneur en carbone de l'acier et du traitement thermique.The coating has the particular function of protecting the sheet from base against hot and cold corrosion. Characteristics mechanical in the delivery state of the sheet according to the invention allow a wide variety of shaping, in particular deep drawing. The heat treatment applied during or after a hot forming process the shaping allows to obtain high mechanical characteristics can exceed 1500 MPa for mechanical resistance and 1200 MPa for the elastic limit. The final mechanical characteristics are adaptable and depend on the carbon content of the steel and the heat treatment.

Lors du traitement thermique réalisé sur pièce finie ou lors d'un procédé de formage à chaud, le revêtement forme une couche présentant une grande résistance à l'abrasion, l'usure, la fatigue, le choc ainsi qu'une bonne tenue à la corrosion et une bonne aptitude à la peinture et au collage .During the heat treatment performed on a finished part or during a process hot forming, the coating forms a layer having a large resistance to abrasion, wear, fatigue, shock as well as good resistance to corrosion and good paint and bonding ability.

Selon l'invention l'acier dont la composition pondérale est la suivante :
0,15% < carbone < 0,5%
0,5% < manganèse < 3%
0,1% < silicium < 0,5%
0,01% < chrome < 1%,
titane < 0,2%,
aluminium < 0,1%,
phosphore < 0,1%,
soufre < 0,05%,
0,0005% < bore < 0,08%, le solde étant du fer et des impuretés inhérentes à l'élaboration est élaboré sous la forme d'une tôle laminée à chaud et éventuellement laminée à froid pour obtenir l'épaisseur désirée. La tôle d'acier est ensuite revêtue au trempé, après décapage, dans un bain d'aluminium contenant, soit de 8% à 11% de silicium et 2% à 4% de fer, soit de 2% à 4% de fer sans silicium, ou encore, dans un bain d'aluminium contenant de préférence de 9% à 10% de silicium et 2% à 3,5% de fer.According to the invention, steel, the weight composition of which is as follows:
0.15% <carbon <0.5%
0.5% <manganese <3%
0.1% <silicon <0.5%
0.01% <chromium <1%,
titanium <0.2%,
aluminum <0.1%,
phosphorus <0.1%,
sulfur <0.05%,
0.0005% <boron <0.08%, the balance being iron and impurities inherent in the preparation is produced in the form of a hot-rolled and possibly cold-rolled sheet to obtain the desired thickness. The steel sheet is then coated by dipping, after pickling, in an aluminum bath containing either 8% to 11% of silicon and 2% to 4% of iron, or 2% to 4% of iron without silicon, or alternatively, in an aluminum bath preferably containing from 9% to 10% of silicon and 2% to 3.5% of iron.

Dans un exemple de réalisation, d'un revêtement de la tôle au trempé dans un bain métallique contenant un alliage d'aluminium comprenant une proportion d'environ 90% d'aluminium, la couche de revêtement comporte une première couche d'alliage en contact avec la surface de l'acier. Cette couche, directement en contact avec la surface de la tôle est fortement alliée en fer.In an exemplary embodiment, a coating of the sheet metal by dipping in a metal bath containing an aluminum alloy comprising a proportion of approximately 90% aluminum, the coating layer has a first layer of alloy in contact with the steel surface. This layer, directly in contact with the surface of the sheet is strongly alloyed with iron.

Une seconde couche de revêtement, au dessus de la première, contient environ, 90% d'aluminium et peut contenir, en fonction de la composition du bain, du silicium et un peu de fer. A second coating layer, above the first, contains approximately 90% aluminum and may contain, depending on the composition of the bath, silicon and a little iron.

La première couche d'alliage peut se fissurer lorsque la tôle est mise en forme pour la fabrication de pièces.The first layer of alloy can crack when the sheet is put in form for the manufacture of parts.

Selon une forme de l'invention, après la mise en forme de la pièce, le revêtement est soumis à une élévation de température à une vitesse supérieure à 5°C/ seconde pouvant dépasser 600°C/ seconde. Cette montée en température permet une refusion rapide de l'aluminium qui colmate les fissures engendrées par l'opération de mise en forme de la pièce.According to one form of the invention, after the part has been shaped, the coating is subjected to a temperature rise at a speed higher than 5 ° C / second which can exceed 600 ° C / second. This climb in temperature allows a rapid reflow of the aluminum which clogs the cracks caused by the shaping operation of the part.

Un autre intérêt de l'invention réside dans le fait que la diffusion du fer dans le revêtement sera initiée à haute température. On aura donc une meilleure cohésion entre revêtement et l'acier de la tôle. Dans une autre forme de l'invention, le traitement thermique peut être effectué localement, dans des zones fortement déformées.Another advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the diffusion iron in the coating will be initiated at high temperature. So we will have a better cohesion between coating and sheet steel. In another form of the invention, the heat treatment can be carried out locally, in heavily deformed areas.

Dans un exemple de réalisation, la tôle d'acier selon l'invention contenant 0,21% de carbone; 1,14% de manganèse; 0,020% de phosphore; 0,0038% de soufre; 0,25% de silicium; 0,040% d'aluminium; 0,009% de cuivre; 0,020% de nickel; 0,18% de chrome; 0,0040% d'azote; 0,032% de titane; 0,003% de bore; 0,0050% de calcium est revêtue d'une couche à base d'aluminium ayant environ 20 µm d'épaisseur.In an exemplary embodiment, the steel sheet according to the invention containing 0.21% carbon; 1.14% manganese; 0.020% phosphorus; 0.0038% sulfur; 0.25% silicon; 0.040% aluminum; 0.009% copper; 0.020% nickel; 0.18% chromium; 0.0040% nitrogen; 0.032% titanium; 0.003% boron; 0.0050% calcium is coated with a base layer aluminum about 20 µm thick.

Selon l'invention, la tôle, à l'état de livraison en bobine ou en feuilles, dont l'épaisseur peut être comprise entre 0,25 mm et 15 mm a de bonnes propriétés de mise en forme ainsi qu'une bonne résistance à la corrosion ainsi qu'une bonne aptitude à la peinture et au collage.According to the invention, the sheet, in the state of delivery in reel or in sheets, whose thickness can be between 0.25 mm and 15 mm has good shaping properties as well as good corrosion resistance as well a good aptitude for painting and collage.

La tôle, produit sidérurgique revêtu, présente une résistance importante à la corrosion à l'état de livraison, pendant la mise en forme et les traitements thermiques ainsi que pendant l'usage de la pièce finie. Après traitement thermique, on obtient une résistance mécanique importante pouvant dépasser 1500 MPa. La présence du revêtement lors du traitement thermique des pièces permet d'éviter toute décarburation du métal de base ainsi que toute oxydation. Cela est un avantage indéniable, notamment, dans le cas de la mise en forme à chaud. De plus, le chauffage de la pièce traitée ne nécessite pas un four ayant une atmosphère contrôlée pour éviter une décarburation. Sheet metal, a coated steel product, has significant resistance corrosion at delivery, during shaping and processing as well as during the use of the finished part. After treatment thermal, we obtain a significant mechanical resistance which can exceed 1500 MPa. The presence of the coating during the heat treatment of the parts makes it possible to avoid any decarburization of the base metal as well as any oxidation. This is an undeniable advantage, especially in the case of shaping hot. In addition, heating the treated room does not require an oven having a controlled atmosphere to avoid decarburization.

Le traitement thermique du métal de la tôle consiste en un chauffage à une température comprise entre Ac1, température de début de transformation austénitique, par exemple, 750°C, et 1200°C, dans un four, pendant un temps qui est fonction de la température à atteindre et l'épaisseur de la tôle de la pièce. La composition est optimisée afin de limiter le grossissement des grains lors du traitement thermique. Si la structure visée est totalement martensitique, la température de maintien doit être supérieure à Ac3, par exemple 840°C, température de fin de formation austénitique. Le maintien en température doit être suivi d'un refroidissement adapté à la structure finale visée. Pour une structure totalement martensitique et pour un acier ayant la composition de l'exemple, la vitesse de refroidissement doit être supérieure à la vitesse critique de trempe qui est 27°C/s pour une austénitisation à 900°C pendant 5 mn, la tôle ayant une épaisseur de 1 mm environ.The heat treatment of the metal of the sheet metal consists of heating a temperature between Ac1, temperature at the start of transformation austenitic, for example, 750 ° C, and 1200 ° C, in an oven, for a time which is a function of the temperature to be reached and the thickness of the sheet of the room. The composition is optimized to limit the magnification of the grains during heat treatment. If the target structure is completely martensitic, the holding temperature must be higher than Ac3, for example 840 ° C, temperature at the end of austenitic formation. Maintaining the temperature must be followed by cooling adapted to the final target structure. For a totally martensitic structure and for a steel having the composition of example, the cooling rate must be higher than the critical speed quench which is 27 ° C / s for austenitization at 900 ° C for 5 min, the sheet having a thickness of approximately 1 mm.

Il est également possible d'obtenir des structures notamment, ferrito-bainitiques, ou ferrito-martensitiques, par un chauffage à une température comprise entre Ac1, par exemple, 750°C et Ac3, par exemple, 840°C suivi d'un refroidissement approprié. Suivant le niveau de résistance à atteindre et le traitement thermique appliqué, une ou plusieurs des ces phases sont présentes dans des proportions variables. Pour les niveaux de résistance les plus élevés, la structure est majoritairement composée de martensite.It is also possible to obtain structures in particular, ferrito-bainitic, or ferrito-martensitics, by heating to a temperature between Ac1, for example, 750 ° C and Ac3, for example, 840 ° C followed by suitable cooling. Depending on the resistance level to be reached and the heat treatment applied, one or more of these phases are present in varying proportions. For the highest resistance levels, the structure is mainly composed of martensite.

Le chrome, le manganèse, le bore et le carbone sont ajoutés, dans la composition de l'acier selon l'invention, pour leur influence sur la trempabilité. De plus, le carbone permet d'atteindre de hautes caractéristiques mécaniques grâce à son effet sur la dureté de la martensite.Chromium, manganese, boron and carbon are added in the composition of the steel according to the invention, for their influence on the hardenability. In addition, carbon achieves high mechanical characteristics thanks to its effect on the hardness of martensite.

L'aluminium est introduit dans la composition afin de piéger l'oxygène et de protéger l'efficacité du bore.Aluminum is introduced into the composition in order to trap oxygen and protect the effectiveness of boron.

Le titane dont le rapport de la teneur par rapport à la teneur en azote doit être supérieure à 3,42 est introduit afin d'éviter la combinaison du bore avec l'azote, l'azote étant combiné avec le titane.Titanium with a ratio of the content to the nitrogen content must be greater than 3.42 is introduced to avoid the combination of boron with nitrogen, nitrogen being combined with titanium.

Les éléments d'alliages, Mn, Cr, B, permettent une trempabilité autorisant la trempe dans les outils d'emboutissage ou l'utilisation de fluides de trempe peu sévères limitant la déformation des pièces lors du traitement thermique. De plus la composition selon l'invention est optimisée du point de vue de la soudabilité.Alloy elements, Mn, Cr, B, allow quenchability authorizing quenching in stamping tools or the use of mild harshness limiting deformation of parts during processing thermal. In addition, the composition according to the invention is optimized from the point of view of weldability.

L'acier de la tôle peut subir un traitement de globulisation des sulfures effectué avec du calcium qui a pour effet d'améliorer la résistance à la fatigue de la tôle.The sheet steel can undergo a sulphide globulation treatment made with calcium which has the effect of improving resistance to fatigue sheet metal.

L'acier est particulièrement adapté pour la réalisation de pièces de structure et anti intrusion.Steel is particularly suitable for making pieces of structure and anti intrusion.

Le revêtement proposé permet d'éviter différentes opérations de préparation de surface comme pour les tôles en acier pour traitement thermique ne possédant pas de revêtement.The proposed coating avoids different operations of surface preparation as for steel sheets for treatment thermal without coating.

La modulation des paramètres de traitement thermique permet d'atteindre, avec une composition donnée, différents niveaux de résistance en tôle à chaud et en tôle à froid suivant l'épaisseur visée.The modulation of the heat treatment parameters allows achieve, with a given composition, different levels of resistance in hot sheet and cold sheet depending on the thickness targeted.

Lors du traitement thermique, le revêtement à base par exemple d'aluminium se transforme en une couche alliée au fer et comportant différentes phases dépendant du traitement thermique et présentant une grande dureté pouvant dépasser 600HV100g.During the heat treatment, the coating based for example of aluminum transforms into a layer alloyed with iron and comprising different phases depending on the heat treatment and presenting a high hardness that can exceed 600HV100g.

Le tableau suivant présente un exemple de résistance maximale de la tôle d'acier selon l'invention après traitement thermique. Traitement thermique Rm (Mpa) 850°C/5 mn 1695 900°C/5 mn 1675 950°C/5 mn 1665 The following table shows an example of maximum strength of the steel sheet according to the invention after heat treatment. Heat treatment Rm (Mpa) 850 ° C / 5 min 1695 900 ° C / 5 min 1675 950 ° C / 5 min 1665

Claims (8)

Tôle d'acier laminée à chaud, pouvant être éventuellement, ensuite, laminée à froid, revêtue, et traitée thermiquement, l'acier de la tôle ayant la composition pondérale suivante :
0,15% < carbone < 0,5%
0,5% < manganèse < 3%
0,1% < silicium < 0,5%
0,01% < chrome < 1%,
titane < 0,2%,
aluminium < 0,1%,
phosphore < 0,1%,
soufre < 0,05%,
0,0005% < bore < 0,08%, le solde étant du fer et des impuretés inhérentes à l'élaboration.Hot-rolled steel sheet, which can optionally then be cold-rolled, coated and heat-treated, the steel of the sheet having the following composition by weight:
0.15% <carbon <0.5%
0.5% <manganese <3%
0.1% <silicon <0.5%
0.01% <chromium <1%,
titanium <0.2%,
aluminum <0.1%,
phosphorus <0.1%,
sulfur <0.05%,
0.0005% <boron <0.08%, the balance being iron and impurities inherent in the production. Tôle revêtue selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la composition pondérale de la tôle est de préférence la suivante:
0,20% < carbone < 0,5%
0,8% < manganèse < 1,5%
0,1% < silicium < 0,35%
0,01% < chrome < 1%,
titane < 0,1%,
aluminium < 0,1%,
phosphore < 0,05%,
soufre < 0,03%,
0,0005% < bore < 0,01%, le solde étant du fer et des impuretés inhérentes à l'élaboration.Coated sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight composition of the sheet is preferably as follows:
0.20% <carbon <0.5%
0.8% <manganese <1.5%
0.1% <silicon <0.35%
0.01% <chromium <1%,
titanium <0.1%,
aluminum <0.1%,
phosphorus <0.05%,
sulfur <0.03%,
0.0005% <boron <0.01%, the balance being iron and impurities inherent in the production. Tôle revêtue selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que, dans la composition pondérale de la tôle, la teneur en titane par rapport à la teneur en azote est supérieure à 3,42, le bore ne pouvant plus être combiné à l'azote . Coated sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the sheet composition by weight, the titanium content in relation to the content of nitrogen is greater than 3.42, boron can no longer be combined with nitrogen. Tôle revêtue selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le bain métallique pour le revêtement comprend dans sa composition pondérale de base, de 9% à 10% de silicium, de 2% à 3,5% de fer, le solde étant de l'aluminium.Coated sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that the bath metal for the coating includes in its composition by weight of base, from 9% to 10% of silicon, from 2% to 3.5% of iron, the balance being aluminum. Tôle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le bain métallique pour le revêtement comprend dans sa composition pondérale de base, de 2% à 4% de fer, le solde étant de l'aluminium.Sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that the bath metal for the coating includes in its composition by weight of base, from 2% to 4% iron, the balance being aluminum. Procédé de réalisation d'une pièce à partir de la tôle revêtue selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que après mise en forme et avant traitement thermique, le revêtement de la pièce est soumis à une élévation de température à une vitesse supérieure à 5°C/ seconde pouvant dépasser 600°C/seconde.Process for producing a part from the coated sheet according to the Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that after shaping and before heat treatment, the coating of the part is subjected to a rise of temperature at a speed greater than 5 ° C / second which may exceed 600 ° C / second. Procédé selon la revendication 6 caractérisé en ce que le traitement thermique consiste à réchauffer le revêtement et la pièce à une température supérieure à 750°C.Method according to claim 6 characterized in that the treatment thermal consists of heating the coating and the part to a temperature higher than 750 ° C. Utilisation de la tôle d'acier laminée à chaud et pouvant être ensuite laminée à froid et revêtue, selon les revendications 1 à 5, pour des pièces de structure et /ou anti-intrusion ou de soubassement pour véhicule terrestre à moteur.Use of hot rolled steel sheet which can then be cold rolled and coated according to claims 1 to 5 for workpieces structure and / or anti-intrusion or underbody for land vehicle engine.
EP99401690A 1998-07-09 1999-07-07 Clad hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel sheet, presenting a very high resistance after thermal treatment Expired - Lifetime EP0971044B1 (en)

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US6296805B1 (en) 2001-10-02
ATE240419T1 (en) 2003-05-15
FR2780984B1 (en) 2001-06-22
CA2276911C (en) 2009-05-05
USRE44153E1 (en) 2013-04-16
ES2196740T3 (en) 2003-12-16
JP3931251B2 (en) 2007-06-13
FR2780984A1 (en) 2000-01-14
PT971044E (en) 2003-08-29
DK0971044T3 (en) 2003-08-11
DE69907816D1 (en) 2003-06-18
DE69907816T2 (en) 2004-03-11
EP0971044B1 (en) 2003-05-14
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JP2000038640A (en) 2000-02-08
CA2276911A1 (en) 2000-01-09

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