EP1671520A2 - Element chauffant pour des appareils de cuisson - Google Patents

Element chauffant pour des appareils de cuisson

Info

Publication number
EP1671520A2
EP1671520A2 EP04765301A EP04765301A EP1671520A2 EP 1671520 A2 EP1671520 A2 EP 1671520A2 EP 04765301 A EP04765301 A EP 04765301A EP 04765301 A EP04765301 A EP 04765301A EP 1671520 A2 EP1671520 A2 EP 1671520A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
layer
heating element
resistors
electrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04765301A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1671520B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Wiedemann
Thomas Schreiner
Frédéric Renaud
Pascal Gluck
Simon Kastra
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rational AG
Frima SA
Original Assignee
Rational AG
Frima SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rational AG, Frima SA filed Critical Rational AG
Publication of EP1671520A2 publication Critical patent/EP1671520A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1671520B1 publication Critical patent/EP1671520B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/22—Contacts for co-operating by abutting
    • H01R13/24—Contacts for co-operating by abutting resilient; resiliently-mounted
    • H01R13/2464—Contacts for co-operating by abutting resilient; resiliently-mounted characterized by the contact point
    • H01R13/2471—Contacts for co-operating by abutting resilient; resiliently-mounted characterized by the contact point pin shaped
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H05B3/08—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders having electric connections specially adapted for high temperatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating element for a cooking device, in particular for the direct and / or indirect heating of at least one item to be cooked, comprising at least one carrier layer and at least one heating element layer which is at least partially or directly adjacent to the carrier layer.
  • the invention further relates to a cooking appliance comprising at least one heating element according to the invention, and to a method for producing a heating element layer of a heating element according to the invention.
  • Heating elements or heating elements for cooking devices are well known to the person skilled in the art. These are generally electrical heating systems or hobs for cooking appliances with a non-metallic, for example ceramic or metallic carrier plate and heating resistors directly or indirectly attached to it.
  • a heating element comprising a carrier plate made of ceramic material with a plurality of conductive resistance tracks attached to this carrier plate, which in turn can be supplied with current via control elements attached on the rear.
  • Bimetallic switches are proposed as control elements which, when there is sufficient deflection due to heat, establish or interrupt conductive contact with the resistance or conductor tracks.
  • Bimetallic strips are conventionally connected to electrical lines via solder or screw contacts, so that the heating element can fail due to thermal stress and / or material tension in the area of the contacts caused by temperature fluctuations.
  • DE 100 06 953 AI is concerned with hob plates containing at least one heating element and a temperature sensor which is connected to a heat-conducting element, which can be designed as a spring element and is pressed in the area of the temperature sensor against the underside of the hob plate. In this way, its temperature can be continuously and reliably determined via permanent contact with the heating plate.
  • the contact to an electrical heater is made via a heat conductor connection part in the form of a plug contact attached to the outer peripheral wall of the hob plate.
  • the heating conductor connection part is conductively connected on the one hand to band heating conductors and on the other hand to electrical supply lines of the hob, the plug contacts being present directly in the region of the band heating conductors of the hob and are therefore themselves exposed to extreme heat radiation. Malfunctions of the cooktop panels can also occur here if the electrical contact fails due to the heat load or the associated material stresses.
  • DE 694 05 958 T2 discloses a steam generator with an electrically heated plate, comprising a first fixed plate which is equipped with an electrical heating resistor and a second mobile plate which is pressed against a first main surface of the first plate by elastic spring devices.
  • the electrical heating resistor is guided through the interior of the fixed first heating plate.
  • DE 36 20 203 AI describes an electrical heating element consisting of a heating part and a connecting part, which at least partially consist of different electrically conductive materials, whereby the flexibility should be increased and the assembly should be facilitated.
  • the heating part can be connected to the connecting part via a releasable clamping or plug connection, in order to enable a temporary connection without using a spring element.
  • the heating element may fail due to a defect in the electrical power supply.
  • DE 197 01 640 AI a contact heat transferring cooking system with an electric hotplate with a hotplate body is known. The hotplate body is heated by a heating resistor attached to its underside in the form of spiral or radial conductor tracks.
  • multi-circuit hotplates consisting of several heating zones can be obtained.
  • the conductor tracks in the individual heating zones are controlled separately from one another. This increases the wiring effort and makes it necessary to use several sensors in different areas of the hotplate to regulate a uniform heating output. This makes the hotplate very maintenance-intensive.
  • Modern hobs or heating areas are characterized in that a large number of locally limited heating elements can be controlled in a targeted manner.
  • Individual heating elements can in turn have one or more heating resistors. The smaller the respective heating element or heating resistor units and the denser they are, the higher is the technical outlay for the equipment to be able to control or regulate each individual heating resistor separately, which leads to an increased susceptibility to faults.
  • each individual heating resistor is connected to a control and regulation unit via a separate electrical line.
  • the heating resistors are regularly connected to the electrical lines via solder contacts.
  • their production is both labor-intensive and time-consuming as well as very costly in terms of materials, and as a whole is a cost-driving factor.
  • solder joints are permanently exposed to a very high temperature stress and significant temperature fluctuations and as a result, rapid material fatigue, especially in long-term use, such as. B. in canteen kitchens or snack chains to be accepted.
  • an uneven contact pressure of a heating element against a surface to be heated leads to different heat input at different points on the surface and thus to poor cooking results.
  • the present invention was therefore based on the object of further developing the generic heating elements for a cooking appliance in such a way that it does not suffer from the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular provides very maintenance and user-friendly hob plates with a high density of heating resistors.
  • a heating element is to be provided which, with very maintenance-friendly control, enables a uniform and fail-safe introduction of heat into a carrier layer, in particular a crucible of a cooking appliance.
  • a cooking device and a method for producing a heating element layer of a heating element are to be provided which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • a heating element for a cooking device in particular for direct or indirect electrical heating of at least one item to be cooked, was found with at least one electrical contact or conductor element and with at least one spring-elastic locking element which is connected or connectable to the electrical contact or conductor element, the electrical element Contact or conductor element can at least temporarily be brought into contact with at least one heating resistor and / or with at least one contact point of the heating element layer via the spring force of the resilient locking element.
  • heating plates, heating layers or heating resistors can be reliably and permanently connected to an electrical conductor track without any soldering contact and thus almost maintenance-free.
  • the conductor element can be configured rigidly and can also be firmly connected to the spring-elastic locking element.
  • the spring force of the locking element is suitably chosen such that, although the conductor element is pressed against the heating resistor, its shape is not permanently changed by it.
  • this heating element is a, in particular essentially flat, heating plate or a completely or sectionally essentially tubular, in particular cylindrical, heating. Accordingly, the heating elements according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in rotary evaporators, as described, for example, in WO 02/12790 as a steam generator for cooking appliances.
  • the heating plates can in principle be flat, curved, corrugated or in any other shape.
  • At least sections of at least one separating layer lies or lie between the carrier layer and the heating element layer for at least regionally equalizing the heat input into the carrier layer and / or on the side of the heating element layer facing away from the carrier layer and / or between the heating element layer and the spring-elastic locking element at least in sections at least one mechanical buffer layer and or at least one first thermal insulation layer, preferably comprising a microlayer.
  • the carrier layer can be designed as a carrier plate.
  • the carrier layer, the heating element layer, the separating layer, the mechanical buffer layer, the first thermal insulation layer and / or the spring-elastic locking element to the selected shape of the heating element or to completely adopt or adopt it.
  • the carrier layer consists entirely or partially of stainless steel and / or the mechanical buffer layer consists entirely or partially of mica.
  • the heating element according to the invention comprises at least one pressing means, preferably comprising a pressure plate, with which the spring-elastic locking element, preferably comprising a spring element plate, the mechanical buffer layer, the first thermal insulation layer, the heating element layer and / or the separating layer against the carrier layer for the at least area-wise equalization of the contact pressure on the carrier layer and / or the heat input into the carrier layer is or can be pressed.
  • the heating element present in this embodiment essentially has a pressed sandwich structure.
  • both the locking element and the heating element and / or the separating layer or the graphite layer are also more resistant to mechanical stresses even in the event of severe thermal stress Overuse or damage protects.
  • This compressed structure can also be stored and transported in a space-saving manner and can be installed in cooking appliances in a simple and reliable manner.
  • the mechanical buffer layer has or have at least one opening for the contact and conductor element in the region of at least a second section of the spring-elastic locking element, the first thermal insulation layer and / or the pressing means. Since the mechanical buffer layer, the first thermal insulation layer and the pressing means, between which the resilient locking element is optionally at least partially wedged, have omissions, a second section of the locking element is given freedom of movement in the direction of the carrier layer and also away from it. If, for example, the locking element is a metal plate, this is regularly tension-free in the flat, flat state. When at least a first section of the locking element is deflected from the tension-free rest position, a restoring force is generally built up. The resulting restoring force can be used in the present case to press a conductor element connected to the deflected section of the locking element or a contact element against the heating element layer.
  • the resilient locking element has at least one first section present between the heating element layer, the first thermal insulation layer and / or the mechanical buffer layer and the pressing means, on the one hand, and a second free section adjoining the first section, which immediately or indirectly, in particular via a third section, to which the contact or conductor element is connected or can be connected, the second section preferably being in the region of the omission.
  • the locking element accordingly has at least a first section which is clamped between the pressing means and the carrier layer, preferably the mica layer, and a second section which is essentially freely deflectable.
  • the conductor element can be connected directly to this second section or, with the interposition of a further, third section, to the locking element.
  • the locking element ends with its free end, ie the first or third section in the area of the conductor element.
  • at least a fourth section can also be provided, which adjoins the second and / or third section of the resilient locking element and / or the contact or conductor element, the fourth section preferably having the mechanical buffer layer, the first thermal Insulation layer and / or the pressing means is connected or connectable.
  • the fourth section can serve, for example, to support the locking element on the edge of the outlet which is opposite the first section thereof. In this way, the freedom of movement of the locking element is limited, but not to an extent that would prevent a connection by means of spring force. Rather, the fourth section enables the locking element to be attached in a very secure position.
  • the contact or conductor element can preferably be connected or connected to the spring-elastic locking element via an insulator, preferably in the form of an insulation sleeve.
  • an insulator preferably in the form of an insulation sleeve.
  • This can e.g. act as an insulating sleeve which is embedded in the second or third section of the locking element on the one hand and on the other hand can accommodate the contact element with displacement invariance.
  • heating elements are characterized in that the heating element according to the invention, viewed from the support layer in the direction of the resilient locking element, as a support layer or as a heating element layer, at least in sections at least one stainless steel layer and at least in sections at least one ceramic layer and also at least in sections at least one layer with electrical heating resistors and / or at least in sections has at least one glass layer.
  • the glass layer is not continuous at those points where the conductor element comes into contact with the heating resistor.
  • a support layer according to the invention which, viewed from the free outer surface thereof, has at least one layer containing at least one heat-conducting metal, in particular steel, at least one layer containing at least one highly heat-conducting metal, in particular copper, and at least one comprises second insulation layer.
  • the carrier layer viewed from the free outer surface, comprises at least one layer containing at least one highly thermally conductive metal, in particular copper, at least one layer containing at least one poorly thermally conductive metal, in particular steel, and at least one second insulation layer.
  • heating elements according to the invention are also suitable in which the carrier layer, viewed from the free outer surface, comprises at least one electrically insulating ceramic layer, at least one electrically conductive ceramic layer and / or at least one second insulation layer.
  • the heating element layer is designed as a thick layer or as a thin layer.
  • the heating element layer can be produced by means of serigraphy or a printing process, preferably as a thick layer.
  • the object on which the invention is based is further achieved in a further embodiment by a heating element in which the heating element layer has a multiplicity of individual heating resistors which are arranged in at least two heating tracks in such a way that the heating resistors within each heating track are electrically connected in parallel with one another and the heating tracks are electrically connected in series with one another, and all heating resistors can be supplied with electrical energy at the same time, at least two heating resistors having different heating powers and / or the heating resistors being arranged at least in regions on the heating element layer at different distances from one another.
  • the invention can also be characterized in that the heating resistors are provided via a thick layer.
  • the heating resistors can be produced on the heating element layer using a serigraphy or a printing process. Furthermore, the invention proposes that the at least two heating resistors with different heating powers have different electrical resistances, in particular have different geometric dimensions and / or comprise different materials, in particular materials with different doping.
  • the at least two heating resistors with different surface sizes have different peripheral shapes, in particular at least one heating resistor has an essentially polygonal, in particular trapezoidal, triangular, square, rectangular, and / or hexagonal peripheral shape, different peripheral lengths, different side lengths, in particular different ones Widths and / or lengths, and / or have different thicknesses.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the heating power and / or the spacing of the heating resistors, at least in regions, preferably over the entire heating element, against an at least regionally present contact pressure of the heating element layer on the carrier layer, at least in regions, in particular depending on one local thermal conductivity of the carrier layer, predetermined heat power density distribution within the heating element layer and / or is adapted to an at least regionally predetermined heat density distribution within the carrier layer.
  • the heating power of a first heating resistor which is arranged in a first region of the heating element layer with a first contact pressure of the heating element layer on the carrier layer, is lower than the heating power of at least one second heating resistor, which is compared in a second region with one the second contact strength of the heating element layer, which is lower than the first contact strength, is arranged on the carrier layer and / or the distance between two heating resistors in the first region is greater than the distance between two heating resistors in the second region.
  • the invention provides that the first area is located in the vicinity of at least one, preferably adjacent to at least one, attachment or pressure point, preferably in the form of an opening for at least partially carrying out or reaching through a fastening device for attaching the heating element layer to the carrier layer , and / or the second area is located further away from at least one, in particular not adjacent to at least one, attachment or pressure point in comparison to the first area.
  • the heating power of a third heating resistor which is arranged in a third area of the heating element layer with a first heating power density of the heating element layer, is lower than the heating power of at least a fourth heating resistor, which is in a fourth area with a lower heating power density compared to the first second heating power density of the heating element layer is arranged, and / or the distance between two third heating resistors in the third area is greater than the distance between two fourth heating resistors in the fourth area.
  • the third region of the heating element layer is in the vicinity of at least one, preferably adjacent to at least one, first region of the carrier layer with a first thermal conductivity and / or with a first heat density and the fourth region of the heating element layer is in is located in the vicinity of at least one, preferably adjacent to at least one, second region of the carrier layer with a second thermal conductivity that is lower in comparison to the first thermal conductivity and / or a higher thermal density in comparison with the first thermal density.
  • the electrical heating resistors of a heating track have essentially the same heating power, essentially the same geometric dimensions, essentially the same distance from one another and / or comprise essentially the same materials.
  • the separating layer, the heating element layer, the mechanical buffer layer, the first thermal insulation layer, the spring-elastic locking element and / or the pressing means are embodied in one element.
  • the pressing means, the spring-elastic locking element, the mechanical buffer layer, the first thermal insulation layer, the heating element layer and / or the separating layer are detachably or firmly connected to one another, in particular by means of an adhesive, preferably by means of an adhesive.
  • the heating tracks each have a plurality of heating resistors which are at least in pairs adjacent to one another, the heating resistors having a surface which is at least partially, preferably in one plane, delimited by first and second side edges, two adjacent ones Heating resistors for achieving the electrical parallel connection have adjacent first side edges which are at least partially spaced apart from one another and / or, in particular via at least one intermediate insulating layer or electrical insulation, are electrically insulated.
  • two mutually facing, adjacent second side edges of the heating resistors of adjacent first and second heating tracks to achieve the electrical series connection of the heating tracks at least partially via at least a first electrically conductive means, in particular in the form of at least one, in particular each, second side edge of the heating resistors of the first heating track and at the, in particular each, second side edge of the heating resistors of the second heating track, are connected or connected to one another, wherein an electrical current can be conducted through electrical heating resistors of adjacent first and second heating tracks by means of the first electrically conductive means ,
  • At least one second electrically conductive means that conductively connects at least two, in particular all, second side edges of heating resistors of an outer heating track, which in particular are not adjacent to a first or second side edge of a heating resistor, the at least one second electrically conductive one Has in particular at least one contact point and / or is operatively connected to at least one contact point.
  • at least one third electrically conductive means to at least one, in particular each, first and / or second side edge of a heating resistor at least one first, outer heating track, in particular not to a first or second side edge of a heating resistor of a first or second Heating track is adjacent, in particular has no intermediate insulating layer.
  • first, second and / or third electrically conductive means comprise at least one electrical material of high conductivity, in particular silver or copper.
  • adjacent heating tracks are arranged essentially parallel to one another and / or at least one heating track is arranged along a straight, curved or circular track.
  • heating tracks with different dimensions are provided.
  • each heating track has at least three, in particular at least five, electrical heating resistors, and / or at least three, in particular at least five, heating tracks are provided, which are preferably connected to one another via at least a first electrically conductive means and / or are electrically connectable to a power source via at least two contact points.
  • the invention also provides a cooking appliance comprising at least one heating element according to the invention.
  • This cooking appliance can in particular be characterized in that at least one heating element, preferably all heating elements, can be detachably attached to the cooking appliance, in particular by means of a screw connection. It is also proposed with the invention that a control and / or regulating unit which has at least one, in particular all, heating element (s) and / or with at least one, in particular all, electrical heating resistor or heating resistors, and / or at least one sensor , in particular is in operative connection.
  • the heating power of the heating element preferably the individual heating resistors and / or at least two groups of heating resistors, in particular as a function of at least one measurement variable, such as a temperature, which can be detected by the sensor, is controlled via the control and / or regulating unit.
  • a humidity, a degree of browning of a food to be cooked, a weight of a food to be cooked, a size of a food to be cooked, a type of food to be cooked and / or the like can be regulated and / or controlled.
  • the invention provides a method for producing a heating element layer of a heating element according to the invention, comprising the steps
  • At least one covering layer is subsequently applied at least in some areas.
  • the substrate is provided with at least one electrically conductive material, preferably a metal, in particular stainless steel, a glass, a ceramic and / or a plastic, and / or at least in some areas at least one thermally and / or before the heating resistors are applied electrically insulating layer is applied to the substrate.
  • at least one electrically conductive material preferably a metal, in particular stainless steel, a glass, a ceramic and / or a plastic, and / or at least in some areas at least one thermally and / or before the heating resistors are applied electrically insulating layer is applied to the substrate.
  • the thermally and / or electrically insulating layer is provided with at least one ceramic material and / or at least one glass.
  • the cover layer is provided with an electrically insulating and / or a material that protects against mechanical influences, preferably a glass and / or a protective lacquer.
  • the invention proposes that the heating power, the electrical resistance and / or the spacing of the heating resistors be adapted to one another by dimensioning the geometric dimensions of the heating resistors.
  • the heating elements of the present invention With the heating elements of the present invention, a permanent, reliable contact between an electrical lead and a heating resistor can be easily created, which is also less material-intensive and prone to repair. In addition, in the event of damage, the defect can also be remedied quickly and expertly by a layperson. Furthermore, it is possible to accommodate a very high density of individual resistance units on a hob and to control them separately.
  • the ease of maintenance of the heating element according to the invention is further increased in a claimed embodiment in that a separate control of the individual resistance units with simultaneous high uniformity of the heat input is dispensable.
  • the different sizes and the large number of heating resistors on a heating element layer make it possible not only to achieve a high level of reliability, but also to specifically adjust the heating power of the different areas of a heating element layer. For example, a uniform heat input into a carrier layer is possible despite different contact strengths of a heating element layer on the carrier layer.
  • the heating capacities of the individual heating resistors or the distance between the individual heating resistors are determined by the particular environmental conditions in the individual areas of the heating element layer or the carrier layer, such as the contact pressure of the heating element layer on the carrier layer, the thermal conductivity of the carrier layer in certain areas, etc. ., customized.
  • the life of the heating element layer is also significantly extended, since it is harmless for uniform heat input into the carrier layer due to the large number of heating resistors if a single heating resistor fails, because this failure can be compensated for by adjacent heating resistors.
  • this is supported by the arrangement of a separating layer between the heating element layer and the carrier layer, since this leads to a comparison leads to moderate heat input.
  • current flow through the heating element is not prevented by the failure of one or more electrical heating resistors. A desired cooking result can thus be achieved despite a failed heating resistor.
  • FIG. 2 a top view of a heating element layer of the heating element according to the invention according to FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 1 shows a heating element 1 according to the invention in a partial sectional view.
  • a heating element layer in this order, there are a separating layer in the form of a graphite foil 6, a heating element layer 8, a mechanical buffer layer in the form of a mica layer 10 and a spring element plate 12 between a carrier layer or plate 2 and a press plate 4.
  • the graphite foil 6 is applied in particular in order to equalize the introduction of heat into the carrier layer 2 in a manner known to the person skilled in the art on the underside of the carrier layer 2.
  • the heating element or heating resistance layer 8 can be produced, for example, with the aid of known screen printing processes in a desired pattern, for example applied to the graphite foil 6.
  • a mica plate 10 On the side of the mica plate 10 facing away from the heating element layer 8, a spring element 12 bears at least in sections.
  • this can be a metal plate that is at least partially equipped with spring-elastic properties.
  • the layer sequence of graphite foil 6, heating element layer 8, mica layer 10 and spring plate 12 is held as close as possible to the underside of the carrier layer 2 by means of the pressure plate 4. This can e.g. B.
  • a screw nut construction 14 in particular in such a way that the screw or an extension of the screw is firmly connected to the underside of the carrier layer 2 and a screw pressure 16, a pressing pressure, preferably by interposing a washer 18, on the outside of the Press plate 4 is exercised.
  • a suitable adjustment of the screw nut 16 enables an optimal contact pressure to be set. without fear of damage to the layer structure.
  • an outlet 22 is provided both in the mica layer 10 and an outlet 30 in the press plate 4, so that a contact element 24, which is connected to the resilient locking element 12 acting as a resilient locking unit, is always in conductive contact with the heating element layer 8 is.
  • the spring-elastic element 12 is made of metal, it is advisable not to connect the electrical line or the electrical contact element 24 directly to the spring-elastic element 12, but with the interposition of an insulating sleeve 20.
  • the contact element 24 is preferably rigid in the area of its contact with the heating element layer 8, preferably with a strength that is sufficient to withstand a restoring force generated by the spring-elastic element 12 without bending, not even under thermal stress. Copper rods, for example, have proven to be suitable materials for these contact elements 24.
  • the spring-elastic element 12 is squeezed at least over a section 26 between the pressure plate 4 and the mica layer 10 in a substantially motion-invariant manner.
  • the outlet 22 In the area of the outlet 22, there is then the possibility of deflecting at least one further section 28 of the spring-elastic element 12 in the direction away from the underside of the carrier layer 2. Due to the resilient nature of the element 12, a restoring force always acts on the contact element 24 locked in the insulating sleeve 20. This is used to permanently ensure reliable contact with the heating element layer 8.
  • the omissions 22, 30 in the mica layer 10 and in the press plate 4 can each be of different dimensions or of the same size.
  • the outlet 30 of the press plate 4 is preferably dimensioned larger than the outlet 22 of the mica plate 10. In principle, however, a reverse dimensioning is also possible.
  • the resilient element 12 preferably continues beyond the insulating sleeve 20 with, for example, a section 34 and can be designed such that it comes into contact with the pressure plate 4 in the region of the upper side thereof.
  • a particularly safe and reliable contact source becomes an electrical line, which is at least partially Part of the contact element 24 is guaranteed, or a voltage source.
  • there is no need for a solder connection of the electrical line to the heating element 1 rather it is possible to either completely dispense with a solder connection or to move it to an area which is not exposed to any thermal or mechanical stress.
  • the present in an insulation sleeve 20 de electrical contact element 24 can also be easily replaced in the event of damage. The same applies to the entire resilient element 12 when the press plate 4 is held by means of a screw construction 14.
  • the heating element layer 8, the graphite foil 6, the mica layer 10, the spring plate 12 and the pressure plate 4 can be releasably attached to each other, for example, with an adhesive, in order to simplify assembly.
  • different functions of the layers can also be achieved by a single component or a single layer, since it essentially depends on the function of a layer, in particular to even out a heat input (separating and / or graphite layer) or to even out a contact pressure (pressure and / or spring element plate) arrives.
  • the press plate 4, which is used to press the various layers, and the spring plate 12, which is set up for resiliently pressing the electrical contact element 24, can be embodied in one.
  • the mica layer 10 can also perform not only the function of a mechanical buffer layer but also the function of a heat insulation layer.
  • an additional first thermal insulation layer which is preferably a micro layer, can also be provided, in particular adjacent to the heating element layer 8.
  • the press plate 4 can be made elastic at least on the surface facing the heating element layer, so that the mica layer 10 can be dispensed with.
  • the heating element layer 8 accordingly has heating lines 804, 804 ', 805, 805' which are essentially rectilinear and run parallel to one another and which are each composed of a large number of electrical heating resistors 806, 807, 806 ', 807'.
  • the electrical heating resistors 806, 806 ', 807, 807' have a rectangular or square surface shape and in the present case are each of the same surface size and shape within a heating track 804, 804 ', 805, 805'.
  • adjacent electrical heating resistors 806, 807, 806 ', 807' are each separated from one another by electrical insulation 812.
  • the insulation 812 prevents the direct contact of the first side edges 810, namely the first side edges 810.1 and 810.2 or 810.1 'and 810.2' of adjacent heating resistors in the heating track.
  • Second side edges 820 adjacent Unlike its first side edges 810.1, 810.2, 810.1 ', 810.2', heating resistors of a heating track are not assigned to one another or are adjacent over longer sections.
  • Adjacent heating tracks, for example 804, 804 'and 805, 805', are not in direct contact with one another, but are connected to one another via first electrical conductor tracks 808.
  • the second side edges 820 of the electrical heating resistors 806, 807, 806 ', 807' of a heating track 804, 804 ', 805, 805' regularly abut a first electrical conductor track 808.
  • the second side edges 820 of the heating resistors 806, 807 of the respective outer heating tracks 804, 805 of the heating element layer 8, which form the outer sides 817 and 819, are connected to a second electrical conductor track 814 and 816.
  • an electrical current cannot be passed on directly via adjacent electrical heating resistors 806, 807, 806 ', 807' within a heating track 804, 804 ', 805, 805'.
  • the electrical current is passed on via an electrical heating resistor 806 of a first heating track 804 by means of a first electrical conductor track 808 into an electrical heating resistor 806 'of an adjacent heating track 804'.
  • a possible path for the electric current is shown by way of example in the illustration of the heating element layer 8 in FIG. 2 and has been marked with A. If, for example, an electrical heating resistor 806 within a heating track 804 fails during operation, this leads to the large number of heating resistors and the associated relatively small surface area of the heating resistors, so that the entire heating plate can be used without further ado.
  • the failure of individual electrical heating resistors 806, 807, 806 ', 807' can easily be compensated for by the other electrical heating resistors 806, 807, 806 ', 807' of the heating tracks 804, 804 ', 805, 805', so that a proper Cooking operation can be maintained.
  • the desired cooking result is thus achieved even if the heating element layer 8 is partially damaged or not fully functional. All in all, this results in a significantly longer effective service life for a heating plate for a cooking appliance, and thus less maintenance.
  • the individual heating resistors in the different heating tracks have different surface dimensions.
  • the individual heating resistors thus also have different electrical resistances and thus different heating powers.
  • the different sizes of the heating resistors 806, 807, 806 ', 807' should in particular ensure that a different heat transfer from the heating element layer 8 into the medium to be heated, in particular into the carrier layer 2, see FIG. 1, which can be compensated for in different areas of the heating element layer 8 of the heating element 1 according to the invention, for example due to a different contact pressure of the heating element layer 8.
  • the surface of the heating resistors is larger in areas around first openings 822, 824, 826, 828, which represent the cutouts for the screw connection 14, in order to compensate there for the improved heat conduction into the carrier layer 2 due to the greater contact pressure. Because of the larger surface area of the heating resistors and thus their lower electrical resistances in this area, their heating power is namely lower.
  • the heating element layer 8 is designed in such a way that the surface of the heating resistors is greatest in the areas with the greatest contact pressure, i.e. the lowest heating power is provided by the heating resistors, and the smaller the further the heating resistors from the first openings 822, 824 , 826, 828 are removed.
  • the heating power of these heating resistors is namely greater due to the greater electrical resistance. It is thus achieved that the heating element layer 8 enables heat to be very uniformly introduced into the carrier layer 2 and thus, for example, into a cooking container.
  • the electrical contact elements 24 shown in FIG. 1 are preferably pressed onto the heating element layer 8 at contact points 830 and 830 ′ shown in FIG. 2, which are each connected to a second electrical conductor track 814, 816.
  • a second opening 832 which is provided for a thermal sensor (not shown) and has essentially no influence on the contact pressure. This enables targeted monitoring of a heating output of the heating element 1.
  • a large number of heating elements 1 according to the invention can be detachably attached to a cooking appliance, wherein the heating elements 1 or their heating element layers 8 can have different sizes, which are then attached in a mosaic manner.
  • a heating element layer 8 can be produced simply and easily in a method according to the invention using a screen printing technique or a printing technique.
  • a ceramic layer is applied to a substrate, preferably in the form of a stainless steel plate, onto which heating resistors, which can have different sizes in the manner mentioned above, and conductor tracks can in turn be printed by means of the serigraphy technique.
  • mechanical protection in the form of a glass layer can be applied. This leads to a very simple Chen manufacture, and the resistors can be designed as desired on a template.
  • Cooking devices in which heating elements according to the invention can be used include, in particular, crucibles, hot air cooking devices, steam cooking devices, combi steamers for operation with hot air and steam, steam generators, heating devices in the form of at least one hob and warming units.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément chauffant destiné à un appareil de cuisson, servant notamment au chauffage électrique direct ou indirect d'au moins un produit à cuire et comprenant au moins une couche support, au moins une couche d'élément chauffant directement ou indirectement adjacente, au moins par zones, à la couche support, ainsi qu'au moins un élément de contact ou conducteur électrique. L'élément chauffant selon l'invention comprend également au moins un élément d'arrêt souple qui est relié ou peut être relié à l'élément de contact ou conducteur électrique, ce dernier pouvant, grâce à la force de ressort de l'élément d'arrêt souple, être mis au moins par moments en contact avec au moins une résistance de chauffage et/ou avec au moins un point de contact de la couche d'élément chauffant.
EP04765301A 2003-09-16 2004-09-16 Element chauffant pour des appareils de cuisson Active EP1671520B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0310882A FR2859867B1 (fr) 2003-09-16 2003-09-16 Element chauffant pour appareil de cuisson
PCT/EP2004/010402 WO2005032214A2 (fr) 2003-09-16 2004-09-16 Element chauffant pour des appareils de cuisson

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1671520A2 true EP1671520A2 (fr) 2006-06-21
EP1671520B1 EP1671520B1 (fr) 2007-02-28

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04765301A Active EP1671520B1 (fr) 2003-09-16 2004-09-16 Element chauffant pour des appareils de cuisson

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20070084457A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1671520B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007506234A (fr)
DE (2) DE10347222B4 (fr)
FR (1) FR2859867B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005032214A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2859867A1 (fr) 2005-03-18
FR2859867B1 (fr) 2006-04-14
DE502004003079D1 (de) 2007-04-12
WO2005032214A2 (fr) 2005-04-07
EP1671520B1 (fr) 2007-02-28
US20070084457A1 (en) 2007-04-19
WO2005032214A3 (fr) 2005-05-26
WO2005032214B1 (fr) 2005-06-23
DE10347222B4 (de) 2005-09-22
DE10347222A1 (de) 2005-04-21
JP2007506234A (ja) 2007-03-15

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