EP1658653A1 - Solid-oxide fuel cell and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Solid-oxide fuel cell and method for producing the sameInfo
- Publication number
- EP1658653A1 EP1658653A1 EP04741994A EP04741994A EP1658653A1 EP 1658653 A1 EP1658653 A1 EP 1658653A1 EP 04741994 A EP04741994 A EP 04741994A EP 04741994 A EP04741994 A EP 04741994A EP 1658653 A1 EP1658653 A1 EP 1658653A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- primer
- fuel cell
- oxide fuel
- solid oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVROQKXVYSIMQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sr+2].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O Chemical compound [Sr+2].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O FVROQKXVYSIMQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001795 coordination polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002075 lanthanum strontium manganite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005501 phase interface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
- H01M8/1226—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material characterised by the supporting layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- Solid oxide fuel cell Solid oxide fuel cell and process for its manufacture
- the invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its production.
- solid oxide fuel cell or SOFC
- SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
- the power density of solid oxide fuel cells depends not only on the quality of the anode and cathode, but above all on the material and thickness of the electrolyte and the operating temperature. Operating temperatures of less than, in particular when the solid oxide fuel cell is used in automobiles 800 ° C preferred in order to be able to use metallic materials for the bipolar plates and other parts of the fuel cell, for example steel, which is subject to severe corrosion at higher temperatures.
- the electrolyte layer which is made from a high-melting metal oxide, particularly yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide, must be absolutely gas-tight on the one hand to separate the anode compartment from the cathode compartment, and on the other hand as thin as possible to ensure rapid transport of the oxygen ions from the cathode to the anode.
- a high-melting metal oxide particularly yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide
- Such thin, gas-tight electrolyte layers can only be achieved using sintering techniques. So far, high sintering temperatures of around 1400 ° C and long sintering times have been required.
- the sintering of the electrolyte layer takes place on the electrode layer which has been applied to the support structure, the support structure being a porous layer, via which - in the case of an anode-supported SOFC - the fuel is supplied.
- the support structure must consist of a material that can withstand the high sintering temperature. This is the case with a support structure made of anode material made from a mixture of yttrium-stabilized Zr0 2 and Ni oxide, but not with a support structure or cathode material made of metal.
- solid oxide fuel cells in which the electrode layer is provided on a metal support structure are preferred, especially for automotive applications, since this results in faster heating, higher redox resistance and cost savings.
- a simpler joining technique is possible because, for example, the outer circumference of the metallic support structure can be tightly connected to the metal bipolar plate by laser welding.
- the electrolyte layer is usually applied to a metallic support structure by thermal spraying. Since the tightness of an electrolyte layer produced by thermal spraying is significantly lower than that of an electrolyte layer produced by sintering, the electrolyte layer must, however, be made significantly thicker if it is deposited by thermal spraying. That is, in order for the electrolyte layer of a solid oxide fuel cell with a metallic supporting structure to be gas-tight, layer thicknesses of up to 60 ⁇ m are necessary, whereby experience has shown that the power density of the solid oxide fuel cell at 800 ° C. and 0.7 V is limited to a maximum of approximately 0.4 W / cm 2 . This is for automotive applications where the most compact fuel cells with high power density are required, a disadvantage.
- the object of the invention is to provide a solid oxide fuel cell with a high power density, which has a thin electrolyte layer that can be produced without high temperature stress, so that in particular metallic support structures can also be used.
- the electrolyte layer is applied to a porous primer, which also consists of electrolyte material. That is, a graded, asymmetrical structure of the electrolyte layer between the two electrodes is proposed.
- the porous primer made of electrolyte material is first applied to the anode as the electrode layer, for example.
- a thermal spraying process or a sintering process can be used, which can be carried out at a low temperature of below 1300 ° C. because the primer does not need to be tight.
- the primer can have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, for example.
- the diameter of the pores of the primer should be less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 300 nm.
- the actual electrolyte layer is produced according to the invention from nanoparticles, ie particles with a maximum particle size of 300 nm, preferably less than 100 nm.
- the electrode layers have a high porosity.
- the primer essentially serves to prevent the small nanoparticles from penetrating into the comparatively large pores of the electrode layer.
- the nanoparticles can be sintered at a low temperature of, for example, 1100 ° C. and below. In other words, with a corresponding sintering time, a very thin, gas-tight electrolyte layer can be produced from the nanoparticles. High solid densities above 1 W / cm 2 at 800 ° C. and 0.7 V can thus be achieved with the solid oxide fuel cell according to the invention.
- the graded structure of the electrolyte material i.e. the porous primer achieves an increase in the phase interface between the electrolyte material and the electrode material, so that more active centers are available at which electrochemical reactions can take place, which in turn leads to an increase in the power density.
- the production costs are reduced in that the electrolyte material applied as a primer is porous and therefore
- the electrolyte material can be any metal oxide which is suitable for SOFC and is an oxygen ion conductive metal oxide, for example stabilized zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) or doped cerium oxide. Yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide or zirconium oxide stabilized with calcium, scandium or magnesium oxide is preferably used.
- Nanoparticle size electrolyte material is commercially available. Although the particle size of the electrolyte material can be up to 300 nm, an electrolyte material with a particle size of at most 100 nm is preferably used.
- the layer thickness of the electrolyte layer should be at most 20 ⁇ m, in particular at most 10 ⁇ m.
- the solid oxide fuel cell according to the invention preferably has a metal or a metal ceramic as the supporting structure.
- the support structure can be formed from threads, chips or other particles made of metal or metal ceramic. It can consist, for example, of a knitted fabric, a mesh, a fleece or fine woven fabric made of metal or metal-ceramic.
- a cover layer can be provided between the support structure and the electrode adjoining it, in order to be able to apply the electrode layer.
- an electrode layer (anode or cathode) is applied to the support structure, which preferably consists of metal or metal ceramic.
- the electrode layer can be driving can be used, for example, plasma spraying or flame spraying.
- the electrode layer can also be produced by a sintering process, the sintering temperature below 1300 ° C. and the sintering time below 4 h and the sintering should preferably take place in a protective gas atmosphere when using a metallic support structure.
- electrolyte material is applied to the electrode layer as a primer.
- the application of the electrolyte material to form the primer can be done by thermal spraying, e.g. Plasma or flame spraying or by applying the green material and then sintering. Since the primer need not be gas-tight, similar conditions can be used when sintering the primer, in particular a sintering temperature below 1300 ° C. as when sintering the electrode layer on the supporting structure.
- the electrode layer and the primer can also be sintered onto the support structure in a single step using a two-layer film comprising an electrode material layer and an electrolyte material layer.
- the gas-tight electrolyte layer is then formed on the primer.
- electrolyte material in the form of a powder of nanoparticles sintering at low temperature and having a particle size of at most 300 nm, in particular at most 100 nm, is applied to the primer.
- precursors of the nanoparticles can also be applied to the primer, for example salts or organometallic compounds from which the nanoparticles ⁇ __ ⁇ .c J r ⁇ -, "JJ"",,”” - in particular, so-called “sol-gel” materials have also proven to be suitable, ie organometallic polymers.
- the nanoparticles can be applied to the primer by electrophoresis, infiltration, knife coating, by pressure and / or by spraying.
- the composite of support structure, electrode layer and primer can, for example, be introduced into a chamber in which the nanoparticles or their precursor are dispersed in an electrically charged form.
- the metallic support structure can then be used as an electrode, for example as a cathode, so that when the nanoparticles or their precursors are positively charged, the particles dispersed on the side of the primer in the bath are deposited on the primer.
- the charging of the nanoparticles can e.g. via the pH value or charged surfactants.
- the nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid can be separated from the primer like a filter.
- the liquid can be pressed or sucked through with pressure into the composite of support structure, electrode layer and primer.
- the layer of the nanoparticles or their precursors can also be applied by knife coating on the primer or applied by a printing process, for example stamp or screen printing, or by spraying. Both the application process and the materials can be used in any combination. ⁇
- the applied nanoparticle layer is then sintered to form the electrolyte layer.
- the sintering can take place after the application of the nanoparticle layer.
- the second electrode layer can be applied by thermal spraying or by sintering.
- the material for the two electrodes can be applied, for example, as a film, by knife coating, by printing techniques or by spraying.
- a support structure 2 made of a knitted or woven fabric, e.g. made of steel threads.
- a porous cover layer 3 is applied to the coarse-mesh knitted fabric, on which there is a layer arrangement consisting of the anode layer 4, the primer 5, the electrolyte layer 6 and the cathode layer 7.
- the primer 5 and the electrolyte layer 6 consist, for example, of yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide.
- the ano- a mixture of nickel metal or nickel oxide and yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide.
- the cathode layer 7 can be formed, for example, by a Persovskite oxide, such as lanthanum strontium manganite.
- the fuel gas is supplied to the anode layer 4 via the support structure 2, while the cathode layer 7 is brought into contact with atmospheric oxygen.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a solid-oxide fuel cell comprising an electrolytic layer (6) on a porous base layer (5) consisting of an electrolytic material. To create the electrolytic layer (6), nanoparticles are used, which are sintered at a relatively low temperature to produce a thin, gas-tight electrolytic layer (6).
Description
Festoxidbrennstoffzelle und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Solid oxide fuel cell and process for its manufacture
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Festoxidbrennstoffzelle nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung.The invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its production.
Die Leistungsdichte von Festoxidbrennstoffzellen („solid oxi- de fuel cell" oder SOFC) hängt neben der Qualität von Anode und Kathode vor allem vom Material und der Dicke des Elektrolyten sowie der Betriebstemperatur ab. Dabei werden insbesondere beim automobilen Einsatz der Festoxidbrennstoffzelle Betriebstemperaturen von weniger als 800 °C bevorzugt, um für die bipolaren Platten und andere Teile der Brennstoffzelle metallische Werkstoffe einsetzen zu können, beispielsweise Stahl, der bei höheren Temperaturen einer starken Korrosion unterliegt.The power density of solid oxide fuel cells ("solid oxide fuel cell" or SOFC) depends not only on the quality of the anode and cathode, but above all on the material and thickness of the electrolyte and the operating temperature. Operating temperatures of less than, in particular when the solid oxide fuel cell is used in automobiles 800 ° C preferred in order to be able to use metallic materials for the bipolar plates and other parts of the fuel cell, for example steel, which is subject to severe corrosion at higher temperatures.
Die Elektrolytschicht, die aus einem hochschmelzenden Metalloxid, insbesondere Yttrium-stabilisiertem Zirkondioxid hergestellt wird, muss einerseits absolut gasdicht sein, um den Anodenraum vom Kathodenraum zu trennen, andererseits möglichst dünn, um einen schnellen Transport der Sauerstoffionen von der Kathode zu der Anode sicherzustellen.The electrolyte layer, which is made from a high-melting metal oxide, particularly yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide, must be absolutely gas-tight on the one hand to separate the anode compartment from the cathode compartment, and on the other hand as thin as possible to ensure rapid transport of the oxygen ions from the cathode to the anode.
Derart dünne, gasdichte Elektrolytschichten lassen sich aber nur durch Sintertechniken realisieren. Dazu sind bisher hohe Sintertemperaturen von etwa 1400 °C und lange Sinterzeiten erforderlic .
Das Sintern der Elektrolytschicht erfolgt auf der Elektrodenschicht, die auf die Tragstruktur aufgebracht worden ist, wobei es sich bei der Tragstruktur um eine poröse Schicht handelt, über die - im Falle einer Anoden-getragenen SOFC - der Brennstoff zugeführt wird. Demgemäß muss die Tragstruktur aus einem Material bestehen, das der hohen Sintertemperatur standhält. Dies ist zwar bei einer Tragstruktur aus Anodenmaterial aus einer Mischung aus Yttrium-stabilisiertem Zr02 und Ni-Oxid der Fall, nicht aber bei einer Tragstruktur oder Kathodenmaterial aus Metall . Gerade für automobile Anwendungen werden jedoch Festoxidbrennstoffzellen bevorzugt, bei denen die Elektrodenschicht auf einer Metalltragstruktur vorgesehen ist, denn dadurch ergibt sich eine schnellere Aufheizbarkeit, höhere Redox-Beständigkeit sowie Kostenersparnis. Zudem ist eine einfachere Fügetechnik möglich, da beispielsweise die metallische Tragstruktur mit ihrem Außenumfang durch Laserschweißen mit der bipolaren Platte aus Metall dicht verbunden werden kann.Such thin, gas-tight electrolyte layers can only be achieved using sintering techniques. So far, high sintering temperatures of around 1400 ° C and long sintering times have been required. The sintering of the electrolyte layer takes place on the electrode layer which has been applied to the support structure, the support structure being a porous layer, via which - in the case of an anode-supported SOFC - the fuel is supplied. Accordingly, the support structure must consist of a material that can withstand the high sintering temperature. This is the case with a support structure made of anode material made from a mixture of yttrium-stabilized Zr0 2 and Ni oxide, but not with a support structure or cathode material made of metal. However, solid oxide fuel cells in which the electrode layer is provided on a metal support structure are preferred, especially for automotive applications, since this results in faster heating, higher redox resistance and cost savings. In addition, a simpler joining technique is possible because, for example, the outer circumference of the metallic support structure can be tightly connected to the metal bipolar plate by laser welding.
Da sich Festoxidbrennstoffzellen mit metallischer Tragstruktur wegen der hohen Sintertemperatur sintertechnisch kaum herstellen lassen, wird die Elektrolytschicht auf eine metallische Tragstruktur meist durch thermisches Spritzen aufgebracht. Da die Dichtigkeit einer durch thermisches Spritzen hergestellten Elektrolytschicht gegenüber einer durch Sintern hergestellten Elektrolytschicht deutlich geringer ist, muss die Elektrolytschicht allerdings deutlich dicker ausgebildet werden, wenn sie durch thermisches Spritzen abgeschieden wird. D.h., damit die Elektrolytschicht einer Festoxidbrennstoffzelle mit metallischer Tragstruktur gasdicht ist, sind Schichtdicken bis zu 60 μm notwendig, wodurch die Leistungsdichte der Festoxidbrennstoffzelle erfahrungsgemäß bei 800 °C und 0,7 V auf maximal etwa 0,4 W/cm2 begrenzt wird. Dies ist für automobile Anwendungen, wo möglichst kompakte Brennstoff-
zellen mit hoher Leistungsdichte benötigt werden, von Nachteil.Since solid oxide fuel cells with a metallic support structure can hardly be produced by sintering technology due to the high sintering temperature, the electrolyte layer is usually applied to a metallic support structure by thermal spraying. Since the tightness of an electrolyte layer produced by thermal spraying is significantly lower than that of an electrolyte layer produced by sintering, the electrolyte layer must, however, be made significantly thicker if it is deposited by thermal spraying. That is, in order for the electrolyte layer of a solid oxide fuel cell with a metallic supporting structure to be gas-tight, layer thicknesses of up to 60 μm are necessary, whereby experience has shown that the power density of the solid oxide fuel cell at 800 ° C. and 0.7 V is limited to a maximum of approximately 0.4 W / cm 2 . This is for automotive applications where the most compact fuel cells with high power density are required, a disadvantage.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Festoxidbrennstoffzelle hoher Leistungsdichte bereitzustellen, die eine dünne Elektrolytschicht aufweist, die ohne hohe Temperaturbeanspruchung herstellbar ist, so dass insbesondere auch metallische Tragstrukturen verwendet werden können.The object of the invention is to provide a solid oxide fuel cell with a high power density, which has a thin electrolyte layer that can be produced without high temperature stress, so that in particular metallic support structures can also be used.
Dies wird mit der im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Festoxidbrennstoffzelle erreicht. In den Ansprüchen 2 bis 6 sind vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Festoxidbrennstoffzelle wiedergegeben. Der Anspruch 7 hat ein bevorzugtes Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Festoxidbrennstoffzelle zum Gegenstand, welches durch die Ansprüche 8 bis 11 in vorteilhafter Weise ausgestaltet wird.This is achieved with the solid oxide fuel cell characterized in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the solid oxide fuel cell according to the invention are given in claims 2 to 6. Claim 7 relates to a preferred method for producing the solid oxide fuel cell according to the invention, which is advantageously embodied by Claims 8 to 11.
Nach der Erfindung wird die Elektrolytschicht auf einer porösen Grundierung aufgebracht, die ebenfalls aus Elektrolytmaterial besteht. D.h., es wird ein gradierter, asymmetrischer Aufbau der Elektrolytschicht zwischen den beiden Elektroden vorgeschlagen.According to the invention, the electrolyte layer is applied to a porous primer, which also consists of electrolyte material. That is, a graded, asymmetrical structure of the electrolyte layer between the two electrodes is proposed.
Nach der Erfindung wird also z.B. auf die Anode als Elektrodenschicht zunächst die poröse Grundierung aus Elektrolytmaterial aufgetragen. Dazu kann beispielsweise ein thermisches Spritzverfahren oder ein Sinterverfahren angewendet werden, das bei einer niedrigen Temperatur von unter 1300 °C durchgeführt werden kann, weil es auf eine hohe Dichtigkeit der Grundierung nicht ankommt. Die Grundierung kann beispielsweise eine Dicke von 1 μm bis 30 μm aufweisen. Der Durchmesser der Poren der Grundierung sollte kleiner als 1 μm sein, bevorzugt kleiner 300 nm.
Die eigentliche Elektrolytschicht wird erfindungsgemäß aus Nanopartikeln hergestellt, d.h. Partikeln mit einer Teilchengröße von maximal 300 nm, bevorzugt kleiner 100 nm. Die Elektrodenschichten weisen eine hohe Porosität auf. Die Grundierung dient also im wesentlichen dazu, zu verhindern, dass die kleinen Nanopartikel in die vergleichsweise großen Poren der Elektrodenschicht eindringen können.According to the invention, the porous primer made of electrolyte material is first applied to the anode as the electrode layer, for example. For this purpose, for example, a thermal spraying process or a sintering process can be used, which can be carried out at a low temperature of below 1300 ° C. because the primer does not need to be tight. The primer can have a thickness of 1 μm to 30 μm, for example. The diameter of the pores of the primer should be less than 1 μm, preferably less than 300 nm. The actual electrolyte layer is produced according to the invention from nanoparticles, ie particles with a maximum particle size of 300 nm, preferably less than 100 nm. The electrode layers have a high porosity. The primer essentially serves to prevent the small nanoparticles from penetrating into the comparatively large pores of the electrode layer.
Die Nanopartikel sind bei einer niedrigen Temperatur von beispielsweise 1100 °C und darunter sinterbar. D.h., bei einer entsprechenden Sinterzeit kann aus den Nanopartikeln eine sehr dünne, gasdichte Elektrolytschicht hergestellt werden. Damit lassen sich mit der erfindungsgemäßen Festoxidbrennstoffzelle hohe Leistungsdichten über 1 W/cm2 bei 800 °C und 0,7 V realisieren.The nanoparticles can be sintered at a low temperature of, for example, 1100 ° C. and below. In other words, with a corresponding sintering time, a very thin, gas-tight electrolyte layer can be produced from the nanoparticles. High solid densities above 1 W / cm 2 at 800 ° C. and 0.7 V can thus be achieved with the solid oxide fuel cell according to the invention.
Durch die niedrige Sintertemperatur der Nanopartikel kann zudem eine metallische Tragstruktur verwendet werden. D.h., es kann eine Festoxidbrennstoffzelle mit einer niedrigen Betriebstemperatur von z.B. 500 °C bis 800 °C hergestellt werden. Die dünne Elektrolytschicht erlaubt zudem eine schnellere Startzeit, weil die Brennstoffzelle bereits bei niedrigen Temperaturen Strom und Wärme erzeugt.Due to the low sintering temperature of the nanoparticles, a metallic support structure can also be used. That is, a solid oxide fuel cell with a low operating temperature of e.g. 500 ° C to 800 ° C can be produced. The thin electrolyte layer also allows a faster start-up time because the fuel cell generates electricity and heat even at low temperatures.
Außerdem wird durch den gradierten Aufbau des Elektrolytmaterials, d.h. die poröse Grundierung, eine Vergrößerung der Phasengrenzfläche zwischen Elektrolytmaterial und Elektrodenmaterial erzielt, so dass mehr aktive Zentren zur Verfügung stehen, an denen elektrochemische Umsetzungen erfolgen können, was wiederum zu einer Erhöhung der Leistungsdichte führt .In addition, the graded structure of the electrolyte material, i.e. the porous primer achieves an increase in the phase interface between the electrolyte material and the electrode material, so that more active centers are available at which electrochemical reactions can take place, which in turn leads to an increase in the power density.
Die Produktionskosten werden dadurch verringert, dass das als Grundierung aufgebrachte Elektrolytmaterial porös und damitThe production costs are reduced in that the electrolyte material applied as a primer is porous and therefore
J,-„„ 4-T-.~, M-k An -F4- v* rrc? *v a
aufgebracht oder in kürzeren Zeiten gesintert werden kann als gasdichte Schichten.J, - „„ 4-T-. ~, Mk An -F4- v * rrc? * va can be applied or sintered in shorter times than gas-tight layers.
Das Elektrolytmaterial kann irgendein für SOFC geeignetes, Sauerstoffionen leitendes Metalloxid sein, beispielsweise stabilisiertes Zirkonoxid (Zr02) oder dotiertes Ceroxid. Vorzugsweise wird Yttrium-stabilisiertes Zirkonoxid oder mit Calcium-, Scandium- oder Magnesiumoxid stabilisiertes Zirkonoxid verwendet .The electrolyte material can be any metal oxide which is suitable for SOFC and is an oxygen ion conductive metal oxide, for example stabilized zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) or doped cerium oxide. Yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide or zirconium oxide stabilized with calcium, scandium or magnesium oxide is preferably used.
Elektrolytmaterial in Nanopartikelgröße ist im Handel erhältlich. Zwar kann die Teilchengröße des Elektrolytmaterials bis 300 nm betragen, bevorzugt wird jedoch ein Elektrolytmaterial mit einer Teilchengröße von maximal 100 nm eingesetzt.Nanoparticle size electrolyte material is commercially available. Although the particle size of the electrolyte material can be up to 300 nm, an electrolyte material with a particle size of at most 100 nm is preferably used.
Um eine hohe Leistungsdichte zu erzielen, sollte die Schichtdicke der Elektrolytschicht höchstens 20 μm, insbesondere höchstens 10 μm betragen.In order to achieve a high power density, the layer thickness of the electrolyte layer should be at most 20 μm, in particular at most 10 μm.
Die erfindungsgemäße Festoxidbrennstoffzelle weist als Tragstruktur vorzugsweise ein Metall oder eine Metallkeramik auf. Die Tragstruktur kann aus Fäden, Spänen oder anderen Partikeln aus Metall oder Metallkeramik gebildet sein. Sie kann beispielsweise aus einem Gestrick, einem Geflecht, einem Vlies oder Feingewebe aus Metall oder Metallkeramik bestehen. Bei einer grobmaschigen Tragstruktur, beispielsweise einem Gestrick, kann zwischen der Tragstruktur und der sich daran anschließenden Elektrode eine Deckschicht vorgesehen sein, um die Elektrodenschicht aufbringen zu können.The solid oxide fuel cell according to the invention preferably has a metal or a metal ceramic as the supporting structure. The support structure can be formed from threads, chips or other particles made of metal or metal ceramic. It can consist, for example, of a knitted fabric, a mesh, a fleece or fine woven fabric made of metal or metal-ceramic. In the case of a coarse-meshed support structure, for example a knitted fabric, a cover layer can be provided between the support structure and the electrode adjoining it, in order to be able to apply the electrode layer.
Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffzelle wird auf die Tragstruktur, die vorzugsweise aus Metall oder Metallkeramik besteht, eine Elektrodenschicht (Anode oder Kathode) aufgetragen. Die Elektrodenschicht kann durch thermi-
fahren kann beispielsweise das Plasma-Spritzen oder Flammspritzen angewendet werden. Die Elektrodenschicht kann jedoch auch durch ein Sinterverfahren hergestellt werden, wobei bei Verwendung einer metallischen Tragstruktur die Sintertemperatur unter 1300 °C und die Sinterdauer unter 4 h und das Sintern vorzugsweise in einer Schutzgasatmosphäre erfolgen sollte.To produce the fuel cell according to the invention, an electrode layer (anode or cathode) is applied to the support structure, which preferably consists of metal or metal ceramic. The electrode layer can be driving can be used, for example, plasma spraying or flame spraying. However, the electrode layer can also be produced by a sintering process, the sintering temperature below 1300 ° C. and the sintering time below 4 h and the sintering should preferably take place in a protective gas atmosphere when using a metallic support structure.
Nachdem die Elektrodenschicht auf die Tragstruktur aufgebracht worden ist, wird auf die Elektrodenschicht Elektrolytmaterial als Grundierung aufgebracht. Das Aufbringen des Elektrolytmaterials zur Bildung der Grundierung kann dabei durch thermisches Spritzen, also z.B. Plasma- oder Flammspritzen oder durch Auftragung des Grünmaterials und anschließendem Sintern erfolgen. Da die Grundierung nicht gasdicht sein muss, können beim Sintern der Grundierung ähnliche Verhältnisse, insbesondere eine Sintertemperatur unter 1300 °C wie beim Sintern der Elektrodenschicht auf der Tragstruktur, verwendet werden.After the electrode layer has been applied to the support structure, electrolyte material is applied to the electrode layer as a primer. The application of the electrolyte material to form the primer can be done by thermal spraying, e.g. Plasma or flame spraying or by applying the green material and then sintering. Since the primer need not be gas-tight, similar conditions can be used when sintering the primer, in particular a sintering temperature below 1300 ° C. as when sintering the electrode layer on the supporting structure.
Die Elektrodenschicht und die Grundierung können auch in einem einzigen Schritt unter Verwendung einer zweischichtigen Folie aus einer Elektrodenmaterialschicht und einer Elektrolytmaterialschicht auf der Tragstruktur aufgesintert werden.The electrode layer and the primer can also be sintered onto the support structure in a single step using a two-layer film comprising an electrode material layer and an electrolyte material layer.
Auf der Grundierung wird dann die gasdichte Elektrolytschicht gebildet. Dazu wird auf die Grundierung Elektrolytmaterial in Form eines Pulvers aus bei niedriger Temperatur sinternden Nanopartikeln mit einer Teilchengröße von höchstens 300 nm, insbesondere höchstens 100 nm, aufgebracht.The gas-tight electrolyte layer is then formed on the primer. For this purpose, electrolyte material in the form of a powder of nanoparticles sintering at low temperature and having a particle size of at most 300 nm, in particular at most 100 nm, is applied to the primer.
Statt eines Pulvers können auf die Grundierung auch Vorstufen der Nanopartikel aufgebracht werden, beispielsweise Salze oder metallorganische Verbindungen, aus denen die Nanoparti- ι__τ .c J r<—,„J.J „„,,„„
—
bei haben sich insbesondere auch sogenannte „Sol-Gel""- Materialien als geeignet erwiesen, d.h. metallorganische Polymere.Instead of a powder, precursors of the nanoparticles can also be applied to the primer, for example salts or organometallic compounds from which the nanoparticles ι__τ .c J r <-, "JJ"",,"" - in particular, so-called “sol-gel” materials have also proven to be suitable, ie organometallic polymers.
Das Auftragen der Nanopartikel auf der Grundierung kann durch Elektrophorese, Infiltration, Rakeln, durch Druck und/oder durch Aufsprühen erfolgen.The nanoparticles can be applied to the primer by electrophoresis, infiltration, knife coating, by pressure and / or by spraying.
Für die Elektrophorese kann der Verbund aus Tragstruktur, Elektrodenschicht und Grundierung beispielsweise in eine Kammer eingebracht werden, in dem die Nanopartikel oder deren Vorstufe in elektrisch geladener Form dispergiert sind. Die metallische Tragstruktur kann dann als Elektrode verwendet werden, beispielsweise als Kathode, so dass, wenn die Nanopartikel bzw. deren Vorstufen positiv geladen sind, die auf der Seite der Grundierung in dem Bad dispergierten Teilchen auf der Grundierung abgeschieden werden. Die Aufladung der Nanopartikel kann z.B. über den pH-Wert oder über geladene Tenside erfolgen.For electrophoresis, the composite of support structure, electrode layer and primer can, for example, be introduced into a chamber in which the nanoparticles or their precursor are dispersed in an electrically charged form. The metallic support structure can then be used as an electrode, for example as a cathode, so that when the nanoparticles or their precursors are positively charged, the particles dispersed on the side of the primer in the bath are deposited on the primer. The charging of the nanoparticles can e.g. via the pH value or charged surfactants.
Bei der Infiltration können die in einer Flüssigkeit dispergierten Nanopartikel wie bei einem Filter an der Grundierung abgeschieden werden. Die Flüssigkeit kann dabei mit Druck in den Verbund aus Tragstruktur, Elektrodenschicht und Grundierung gepresst oder hindurchgesaugt werden.During infiltration, the nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid can be separated from the primer like a filter. The liquid can be pressed or sucked through with pressure into the composite of support structure, electrode layer and primer.
Statt der Elektrophorese oder Infiltration kann die Schicht aus den Nanopartikeln oder deren Vorstufen auch durch Rakeln auf der Grundierung aufgezogen oder durch ein Druckverfahren, beispielsweise Stempel- oder Siebdruck, oder durch Aufsprühen aufgetragen werden. Sowohl die Auftragsverfahren als auch die Materialien können in beliebiger Kombination angewandt werden.
δInstead of electrophoresis or infiltration, the layer of the nanoparticles or their precursors can also be applied by knife coating on the primer or applied by a printing process, for example stamp or screen printing, or by spraying. Both the application process and the materials can be used in any combination. δ
Die aufgebrachte Nanopartikelschicht wird dann zur Elektrolytschicht gesintert. Das Sintern kann im Anschluss an das Aufbringen der Nanopartikelschicht erfolgen. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, erst die zweite Elektrodenschicht aufzutragen und diese dann gemeinsam mit der Nanopartikelschicht zu sintern. D.h., das Sintern der beiden Elektrodenschichten, der Grundierung und der Elektrolytschicht kann einzeln nach jedem Prozessschritt erfolgen, oder es können mehrere und gegebenenfalls auch alle Schichten gemeinsam gesintert werden, gegebenenfalls beim Inbetriebsetzen der Festoxidbrennstoffzelle.The applied nanoparticle layer is then sintered to form the electrolyte layer. The sintering can take place after the application of the nanoparticle layer. However, it is also possible to first apply the second electrode layer and then to sinter it together with the nanoparticle layer. That is, the sintering of the two electrode layers, the primer and the electrolyte layer can be carried out individually after each process step, or several and optionally all layers can be sintered together, if necessary when the solid oxide fuel cell is started up.
Die zweite Elektrodenschicht (Kathode oder Anode) kann wie die erste Elektrodenschicht (Anode oder Kathode) durch thermisches Spritzen oder durch Sintern aufgebracht werden. Zum Sintern kann das Material für die beiden Elektroden beispielsweise als Folie, durch Rakeln, durch Drucktechniken oder Aufsprühen aufgebracht werden .Like the first electrode layer (anode or cathode), the second electrode layer (cathode or anode) can be applied by thermal spraying or by sintering. For sintering, the material for the two electrodes can be applied, for example, as a film, by knife coating, by printing techniques or by spraying.
Nachstehend ist eine Ausführungsform einer Einzelzelle der erfindungsgemäßen Festoxidbrennstoffzelle beispielhaft näher erläutert, deren einzige Figur einen Querschnitt durch eine Einzelzelle zeigt.An embodiment of a single cell of the solid oxide fuel cell according to the invention is explained in more detail below, the single figure of which shows a cross section through a single cell.
Danach ist auf einer Bipolarplatte 1, z.B. aus Stahl, eine Tragstruktur 2 aus einem Gestrick oder Gewebe, z.B. aus Stahlfäden, angeordnet. Auf dem grobmaschigen Gestrick ist eine poröse Deckschicht 3 aufgebracht, auf der sich eine Schichtanordnung befindet, die aus der Anodenschicht 4, der Grundierung 5, der Elektrolytschicht 6 sowie der Kathodenschicht 7 besteht.Then on a bipolar plate 1, e.g. made of steel, a support structure 2 made of a knitted or woven fabric, e.g. made of steel threads. A porous cover layer 3 is applied to the coarse-mesh knitted fabric, on which there is a layer arrangement consisting of the anode layer 4, the primer 5, the electrolyte layer 6 and the cathode layer 7.
Die Grundierung 5 und die Elektrolytschicht 6 bestehen beispielsweise aus Yttrium-stabilisiertem Zirkonoxid. Die Ano-
nem Gemisch aus Nickelmetall oder Nickeloxid und Yttriumstabilisiertem Zirkonoxid bestehen. Die Kathodenschicht 7 kann beispielsweise durch ein persowskitisches Oxid gebildet sein, wie Lanthan-Strontium-Manganit .The primer 5 and the electrolyte layer 6 consist, for example, of yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide. The ano- a mixture of nickel metal or nickel oxide and yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide. The cathode layer 7 can be formed, for example, by a Persovskite oxide, such as lanthanum strontium manganite.
Das Brenngas wird der Anodenschicht 4 über die Tragstruktur 2 zugeführt, während die Kathodenschicht 7 mit Luftsauerstoff in Kontakt gebracht wird. Durch Aneinanderreihung mehrerer solcher Einzelzellen kann ein beliebiger Stapel von Einzelzellen aufgebaut werden, der dann insgesamt den Kernbereich einer Brennstoffzelle bildet.
The fuel gas is supplied to the anode layer 4 via the support structure 2, while the cathode layer 7 is brought into contact with atmospheric oxygen. By lining up several such individual cells, an arbitrary stack of individual cells can be built up, which then forms the core area of a fuel cell.
Claims
1. Festoxidbrennstoffzelle, die mindestens eine Einzelzelle mit einer Tragstruktur und einer Schichtanordnung aus einer gasdichten Elektrolytschicht zwischen zwei die Anode und die Kathode bildenden Elektrodenschichten umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektrolytschicht (6) auf einer porösen Grundierung (5) aus Elektrolytmaterial aufgebracht ist.1. Solid oxide fuel cell, which comprises at least one individual cell with a support structure and a layer arrangement made of a gas-tight electrolyte layer between two electrode layers forming the anode and the cathode, characterized in that the electrolyte layer (6) is applied to a porous primer (5) made of electrolyte material.
2. Festoxidbrennstoffzelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Grundierung (5) eine Schichtdicke von mindestens 1 μm aufweist.2. Solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the primer (5) has a layer thickness of at least 1 μm.
3. Festoxidbrennstoffzelle nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Grundierung (5) eine Schichtdicke von maximal 30 μm aufweist.3. Solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the primer (5) has a layer thickness of a maximum of 30 μm.
4. Festoxidbrennstoffzelle nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Poren der Grundierung (5) einen Durchmesser von weniger als 1 μm aufweisen.4. Solid oxide fuel cell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pores of the primer (5) have a diameter of less than 1 μm.
5. Festoxidbrennstoffzelle nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektrolytschicht 5. Solid oxide fuel cell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrolyte layer
(6) eine Schichtdicke von höchstens 20 μm aufweist.
β. Festoxidbrennstoffzelle nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tragstruktur (2) aus Metall oder Metallkeramik besteht.(6) has a layer thickness of at most 20 μm. β. Solid oxide fuel cell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support structure (2) consists of metal or metal ceramic.
7. Verfahren zur Herstellung der Festoxidbrennstoffzelle nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf die Tragstruktur (2) zunächst die erste Elektrodenschicht (4) und die Grundierung (5), dann die Elektrolytschicht (6) und schließlich die zweite Elektrodenschicht (7) aufgebracht wird, wobei die Elektrolytschicht (6) aus Elektrolytmaterialteilchen mit einer Teilchengröße von weniger als 300 nm gebildet wird, die nach dem Aufbringen auf die Grundierung (5) gesintert werden.7. A method for producing the solid oxide fuel cell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first electrode layer (4) and the primer (5), then the electrolyte layer (6) and finally the second electrode layer (7) are applied to the support structure (2). ) is applied, the electrolyte layer (6) being formed from electrolyte material particles with a particle size of less than 300 nm, which are sintered after application to the primer (5).
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektrolytmaterialteilchen durch Elektrophorese, Infiltration, Rakeln, durch Drucken und/oder durch Aufsprühen auf die Grundierung (5) aufgebracht werden.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the electrolyte material particles are applied to the primer (5) by electrophoresis, infiltration, doctoring, by printing and / or by spraying.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektrodenschicht (4) und die Grundierung (5) in einem Schritt unter Verwendung einer zweischichtigen Folie aus einer Elektrodenmaterialschicht und einer Elektrolytmaterialschicht auf die Tragstruktur (2) aufgesintert werden.9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the electrode layer (4) and the primer (5) are sintered onto the support structure (2) in one step using a two-layer film made of an electrode material layer and an electrolyte material layer.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sintern der Elektrolytschicht (6) beim Sintern einer oder beider Elektrodenschichten (4, 7) und/oder beim Sintern der Grundierung (5) und/oder bei der Inbetriebnahme der Brennstoffzelle erfolgt.
10. The method according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the sintering of the electrolyte layer (6) when sintering one or both electrode layers (4, 7) and / or when sintering the primer (5) and / or when commissioning the Fuel cell takes place.
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DE10339613A DE10339613A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 | 2003-08-28 | Solid oxide fuel cell and process for its preparation |
PCT/EP2004/051501 WO2005024990A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 | 2004-07-15 | Solid-oxide fuel cell and method for producing the same |
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EP (1) | EP1658653A1 (en) |
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JP5107509B2 (en) * | 2005-06-02 | 2012-12-26 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Method for producing solid oxide fuel cell |
JP5362356B2 (en) | 2005-08-12 | 2013-12-11 | ジーエム・グローバル・テクノロジー・オペレーションズ・インコーポレーテッド | Fuel cell component having a coating comprising nanoparticles |
JP5648884B2 (en) * | 2008-02-08 | 2015-01-07 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Solid oxide fuel cell stack having channel cell integrated structure and method for manufacturing the same |
JP5405591B2 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2014-02-05 | サン−ゴバン セラミックス アンド プラスティクス,インコーポレイティド | Co-doped YSZ electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cell stack |
CN113258112A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-08-13 | 北京思伟特新能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell and fuel cell |
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US5106706A (en) * | 1990-10-18 | 1992-04-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Oxide modified air electrode surface for high temperature electrochemical cells |
DE4314323C2 (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1998-01-22 | Siemens Ag | High-temperature fuel cell with an improved solid electrolyte / electrode interface and method for producing a multilayer structure with an improved solid electrolyte / electrode interface |
US6479178B2 (en) * | 1999-11-16 | 2002-11-12 | Northwestern University | Direct hydrocarbon fuel cells |
US6558831B1 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2003-05-06 | Hybrid Power Generation Systems, Llc | Integrated SOFC |
US6492051B1 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-12-10 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | High power density solid oxide fuel cells having improved electrode-electrolyte interface modifications |
WO2002050936A2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-06-27 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Production of an electrolytic layer |
WO2002101859A2 (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2002-12-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel cell and method for producing such a fuel cell |
US6803138B2 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2004-10-12 | Nextech Materials, Ltd. | Ceramic electrolyte coating methods |
JP3997874B2 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2007-10-24 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Single cell for solid oxide fuel cell and method for producing the same |
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2004
- 2004-07-15 WO PCT/EP2004/051501 patent/WO2005024990A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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