EP1655853B1 - Verfahren zum Modulieren geformter Impulse - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Modulieren geformter Impulse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1655853B1
EP1655853B1 EP04425826A EP04425826A EP1655853B1 EP 1655853 B1 EP1655853 B1 EP 1655853B1 EP 04425826 A EP04425826 A EP 04425826A EP 04425826 A EP04425826 A EP 04425826A EP 1655853 B1 EP1655853 B1 EP 1655853B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulses
pulse
power
modulation
generating
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Not-in-force
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EP04425826A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1655853A1 (de
Inventor
Sergio Piacentini
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Freelux Srl
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FREELUX Srl
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Priority to ES04425826T priority Critical patent/ES2285399T3/es
Priority to DE602004005718T priority patent/DE602004005718T2/de
Priority to EP04425826A priority patent/EP1655853B1/de
Priority to PT04425826T priority patent/PT1655853E/pt
Priority to AT04425826T priority patent/ATE358916T1/de
Publication of EP1655853A1 publication Critical patent/EP1655853A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
    • H04B1/717—Pulse-related aspects
    • H04B1/7174—Pulse generation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of communicating information, of the type comprising the features recited in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the method of radio communicating information in accordance with the invention applies in an efficient manner in the field of radio devices powered by low-energy sources and, preferably, is put into practice in appliances in which radio communication must take place under conditions of strong spread reflections between moving devices or between devices in the immediate vicinity of which moving objects are placed.
  • the Doppler effect produced by movement combined with the phenomenon of composite reception of the direct signal and reflected signals width-modulates the received signal and, depending on the transmitting technique used, can affect the outcome of the communication to a greater or smaller extent.
  • Traditional radio communications are greatly disturbed by it and the generated noise, under some situations, can be of such a nature as to destroy the received data packages.
  • Data transmission with great redundancy together with the difficulty in discriminating the valid packages generally gives rise to a high energy consumption and greater slowness in communication.
  • a wireless modem incorporating a SAW-based correlator for performing the spreading and de-spreading functions in the transmitter and receiver.
  • Such a modem may operate as an analog or digital pulse transmitter and receiver, and it is structured so as to increase the bit rate transmission by using a plurality of correlators wherein each one is configured with a unique function (i.e., code) that is orthogonal with all other functions.
  • UWB ultra-wideband
  • One embodiment comprises a low-level UWB source (e.g., an impulse generator or time-gated oscillator (fixed or voltage-controlled)), a waveform adapter (e.g., digital or analog filter, pulse shaper, and/or voltage variable attenuator), a power amplifier, and an antenna to radiate a band-limited and/or modulated UWB or wideband signals.
  • a low-level impulse signal is approximated by a time-gated continuous-wave oscillator to produce an extremely wide bandwidth pulse with deterministic center frequency and bandwidth characteristics.
  • Ultra Wide Band also known within the scope of data transmitting technologies is a transmission technology of the pulse type in the absence of a carrier, referred to as Ultra Wide Band (UWB), which consists in generating, transmitting and receiving a very short pulse within the radio frequencies, typically of a duration included between about ten picoseconds and few nanoseconds.
  • This radio technology has a strong immunity to the Doppler effect but, disadvantageously, the pulse trains generated thereby produce wide-spectrum waveforms.
  • the UWB technology therefore can be only applied in frequency ranges where a large occupancy of the band is admissible, in compliance with the regulations in force.
  • solutions involving low energy consumption can be hardly obtained.
  • the Applicant has found that the methods involving radio communication of information of the above described type can be improved under different points of view, particularly in terms of purification of the transmitted signal and energy consumption of the radiofrequency circuits of the transmitting and/or receiving devices.
  • the Applicant has identified the possibility of proposing a method of radio communicating information enabling the energy consumption to be reduced while ensuring an optimal transmission quality.
  • a transmitting device (Fig. 3) and at 2 is a receiving device (Fig. 6) forming a communication apparatus capable of putting the inventive method into practice.
  • the method consists in generating a plurality of power pulses 3 (Figs. 1 and 2b) the time spacing of which is modulated by the information to be transmitted, and in transmitting these power pulses 3 to the receiver 2 via radio waves.
  • each power pulse 3 with respect to the preceding pulse 3 can take a given number of time values N LP .
  • Each pulse is therefore able to represent a coded value of N-bits (N BP ).
  • N BP log 2 *N LP .
  • the generated and transmitted pulses can be considered as single pulses or pulses grouped together according to a scheme dictated by a mathematical algorithm.
  • pulses are grouped it is also possible to modulate the relative position of each pulse with respect to another, or of one group relative to the following one, thereby obtaining a more complicated modulation scheme, capable of improving the signal intelligibility and/or data redundancy.
  • the power pulses 3 to be transmitted are produced through generation of a plurality of carrier signals 4 that are mutually spaced apart by respective time spacing intervals, and through generation of a plurality of modulation pulses 5 also mutually spaced apart by respective time spacing intervals.
  • the carrier signals 4 are modulated through the modulation pulses 5 to generate the power pulses 3 to be transmitted.
  • the transmitting device 1 comprises a control and timing unit 101 preferably based on a microcontroller or a dedicated logic that, on reception of one datum to be transmitted 6 on the input line, generates the digital enable signal 7 of an oscillator 102 and the digital profile signal 8, not shown in detail, of the envelope shape of the signal to be transmitted.
  • a plurality of enable signals 7 is sequentially sent to oscillator 102 to trigger generation of the plurality of carrier signals 4.
  • a pulse shaper 103 has the task of converting the digital profile signal 8 into an analog waveform to give origin to the modulation pulses 5.
  • the plurality of modulation pulses 5 is sent into the oscillator 102, to modulate said oscillator 102 and output a plurality of partly modulated pulses 9.
  • the plurality of partly modulated pulses 9 is subsequently sent to an output amplifier 104 which is preferably also reached by the plurality of modulation pulses 5 modulating the amplifier 104, to output the power pulses to be transmitted 3.
  • Modulation of the output amplifier 13 must take place as linearly as possible, preferably by directly modulating feeding and/or polarisation of the active amplification component.
  • the amplifier output 104 is connected to an antenna 105.
  • Figs. 5a-5d show the correlation between the development in time of the different signals, as follows: Fig. 5a represents the enable signal 7 of oscillator 102 and the carrier signal 4 generated by oscillator 102; Fig. 5b represents the envelope of the radio-frequency signal at the output of oscillator 102, i.e. one of the partly modulated signals 9; Fig. 5c represents the output of the pulse shaper 103, i.e. one of the modulation pulses 5; Fig. 5d represents the envelope of the power pulse 3 at the output of the final amplifier 104.
  • the radio-frequency circuits must be planned in such a manner as to fully set at zero the absorbed current during the time intervals between one pulse and the other.
  • the triggering time of oscillator 102 must be as much as possible reduced in order to maintain the average circuit absorption level low. In addition, to avoid the presence of spurious emissions on the side bands, particular care must be paid in order that, during the triggering step, there will be no frequency drift. Since current absorption of the oscillator 102 too should be set at zero during the intervals between the different pulses, use of PLLs (phase-locked loops) that would require frequency-hooking at each pulse is to be avoided, this causing delays and possible spurious emissions.
  • the oscillator therefore will be preferably based on a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator of which Fig. 4 shows an illustrative scheme that is not to be intended in a limiting sense.
  • SAW surface acoustic wave
  • the triggering time of oscillator 102 imposes the enable signal 7 to be advanced in respect of emission of the modulation pulse 5.
  • the configuration of the oscillator 102 shown in Fig. 4 is particularly adapted to minimise the triggering time.
  • Fig. 1 shows the typical power course of the transmitted signal, with times that can be compared to the interval between two power pulses 3, whereas Fig. 2b details the envelope of a single power pulse 3.
  • each power pulse 3 has a leading edge 3a and a trailing edge 3b defining an asymmetric-bell envelope (Figs. 2b and 5c).
  • the trailing edge 3b of the power pulse 3 is steeper than the leading edge 3a.
  • the transmitted power pulse 3 is characterised by a predetermined pulse width T ON and an average time interval between the pulses T INT .
  • the envelope of the transmitted power pulse 3 is not rectangular. It is therefore necessary to calculate the predetermined width T ON as base of the rectangle having the same area as that subtended by the integral of the envelope of the whole power pulse 3, with the height equal to the peak power P PK , corresponding to the crest value.
  • the predetermined width T ON corresponding to the base of the rectangle having the same height as above specified is preferably included between 0.1 and 300 ⁇ s.
  • the ratio T ON /T INT is advisable for the ratio T ON /T INT to be as low as possible, in order to minimise the average power.
  • the ratio T ON /T INT between the predetermined width T ON and the average value of the time spacing intervals TINT is smaller than 0.2 and preferably included between 10 -1 and 10 -5 .
  • the envelope of a modulation pulse 5 must have a particular shape represented in Fig. 2a, so that the slope of the signal edges must be controlled with accuracy.
  • the step of generating a plurality of modulation pulses 5 comprises, for each modulation pulse 5, the sub-step of generating a leading edge 5a and a trailing edge 5b defining a bell-shaped envelope.
  • this bell-shaped envelope is asymmetric and, preferably, the trailing edge 5b is steeper than the leading edge 5a.
  • each modulation pulse 5 has a predetermined width Tl included between 0.1 and 300 ⁇ s and a predetermined height h, typically corresponding to the feeding value, wherein the predetermined width Tl is the base of the rectangle having the same area as that subtended by the integral of the envelope of the whole modulation pulse 5.
  • the ratio between the predetermined width Tl and the average value of the time spacing intervals T INT is smaller than 0.2 and preferably included between 10 -1 and 10 -5 .
  • the receiving device 2 when a low-consumption feature is not required, only needs to be sufficiently quick to succeed in discriminating the received pulses.
  • each transmitted pulse 3 in addition to the value to be sent, also contains the time position information referring to the following pulse.
  • This correlation algorithm should enable the receiver 2 to be only activated short before arrival of the subsequent pulse and to be deactivated immediately after said arrival.
  • the information on the position should be predominant with respect to the value to be sent, so as to restrict the record of cases of possible positions that could be taken by the subsequent pulse and thus be able to reduce the activation time of the circuits of receiver 2.
  • the activity window of receiver 2 must be in any case large enough to enable it to intercept the pulse in any of the possible positions said pulse can take.
  • the receiving circuits be enabled upon command and that the activation time required by said circuits for reaching full operation be very low, preferably in the order of some microseconds.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 refer to a receiving device 2 with a preferred configuration, i.e. a simple-conversion superheterodyne receiver, with a local SAW-resonator oscillator.
  • Fig. 6 represents the block diagram of receiver 2. Management of the receiving device 2 takes place by means of a control and timing unit 210, preferably based on a microcontroller.
  • the receiving and detecting circuit further comprises: an input filter 211 confining the passband of the signal received in antenna 224; an input amplifier 213 amplifying the received signal; a conversion mixer 214 that, by mixing the signal present at the output of the input amplifier with the signal from the local oscillator 212, produces a beat signal at the intermediate frequency (I.F.), to be applied to the I.F. filter 216; an I.F. amplifier 217; an I.F. signal-detecting circuit 218, at the output of which there will be the demodulated signal 225; a demodulated pulse-detecting circuit 219 capable of converting the analog voltage of the demodulated signal to a logic state.
  • I.F. intermediate frequency
  • the control and timing unit 210 by means of the above mentioned correlation algorithm generates the digital enable signals of oscillator 215, the activation signals 220 of the other radio-frequency stages 213, 214 and 217 and the enable signals 221 of the pulse detecting circuit 219.
  • Graph 226 represents the envelope of the output signal of the local oscillator.
  • the present invention achieves the intended purposes and has important advantages.
  • the communication method of the invention allows the energy consumption of the radio-frequency circuits in the radio transmitting and/or receiving devices to be reduced ten to more than 1000 times as compared with the circuits used in traditional techniques.
  • low-energy power sources are: transmission of data detected by environmental sensors or others; control apparatus to be used for automation in the household environment field; data transmission and reception by devices disposed on moving members and/or mobile sets; active transponders.
  • the use of low-consumption devices enables achievement of many advantages, among which: use of batteries of reduced sizes and capacity; reduction in the interventions for servicing, due to the increase of the autonomy period of the batteries; possibility of power supply from alternative energy sources, such as luminous, thermal or mechanical energy, through use of suitable transducers; possibility of reducing sizes and weight of the device; possibility of power supply through electrolytic, electrochemical or other condensers, when a recharge system is usable.
  • the communication method of the invention is able to greatly reduce the influence of the Doppler effect and the spread reflections on reception, while maintaining the previously mentioned features of low consumption.
  • These features make the method of the invention particularly suitable for data exchange between moving devices and under conditions of strong reflections generated by moving objects.
  • Examples of communications affected by the Doppler effect and the spread reflection phenomenon are: communication from sensors and/or control devices or towards actuators disposed on mechanical moving members, such as vehicle wheels, propellers and turbines, spindles of machine-tools, etc.; communication between radio devices in which moving parts can be interposed or can interfere, such as fan blades, motor-vehicles passing by, etc.
  • this method enables the time occupancy of the radio channel to be reduced and, in addition to obtaining the advantage of a reduction in consumption, it has further qualities: possibility of causing several communications using the transmission system in reference, to co-exist on the same radio channel, which is obtainable through use of anti-collision algorithms; low interference towards transmission systems of the traditional type operating on the same radio channel; high intelligibility of the received signal, even in the presence of occupancy of the radio channel by a transmission of the traditional type, due to the high asymmetry of the waveform characterising the system in reference.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Gyroscopes (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Verfahren zur Mitteilung von Informationen, umfassend die folgenden Schritte:
    - Erzeugen einer Vielzahl von Leistungsimpulsen (3), deren Zeitabstand durch die zu übertragenden Informationen moduliert wird, wobei der Schritt des Erzeugens der Leistungsimpulse (3) die folgenden Unterschritte umfasst:
    · Erzeugen einer Vielzahl von Trägersignalen (4), die durch entsprechende Zeitabstandsintervalle (Tint) gegenseitig beabstandet sind, wobei der Schritt des Erzeugens einer Vielzahl von Trägersignalen (4) den Unterschritt umfasst, in Reihenfolge eine Vielzahl von Befähigungssignalen (7) einem Oszillator zum Auslösen des Erzeugens der Vielzahl von Trägersignalen (4) zu senden;
    · Erzeugen einer Vielzahl von Modulierimpulsen (5), die durch entsprechende Zeitabstandsintervalle (Tint) gegenseitig beabstandet sind;
    · Modulieren der Trägersignale (4) über die Modulierimpulse (5) zum Erzeugen von zu sendenden Leistungsimpulsen (3); und
    - Senden der Leistungsimpulse (3) einem Empfänger (2) über Funkwellen;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt zum Modulieren der Trägersignale (4) umfasst:
    - einen Unterschritt zum Senden der Vielzahl von Modulierimpulsen (5) im Oszillator (102), um den Oszillator (102) zu modulieren und am Ausgang des Oszillators (102) eine Vielzahl von teilweise modulierten Impulsen (9) zu erhalten;
    - einen Unterschritt zum Senden der Vielzahl von teilweise modulierten Impulsen (9) einem Verstärker (104); und
    - einen Unterschritt zum Senden der Vielzahl von Modulierimpulsen (5) im Verstärker (104), um den Verstärker (104) zu modulieren und am Ausgang des Verstärkers (104) die zu sendenden Leistungsimpulse zu erhalten.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Schritt zum Modulieren des Verstärkers (104) durchgeführt wird, indem unmittelbar die Speisung und/oder die Polarisierung des aktiven Bestandteils des Verstärkers unmittelbar moduliert wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Schritt zum Erzeugen einer Vielzahl von Modulierimpulsen (5), für jeden Modulierimpuls (5), den Unterschritt zum Erzeugen einer ansteigenden Front (5a) und einer absteigenden Front (5b) umfasst, die eine Hüllkurve asymmetrischer Glockenform festlegen.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, bei dem die absteigende Front (5b) steiler ist als die ansteigende Front (5a).
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, bei dem jeder Modulierimpuls (5) eine vorgegebene Breite (1) zwischen 0,1 und 300 µs aufweist.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, bei dem jeder Modulierimpuls (5) eine vorgegebene Breite (T1) aufweist und bei dem das Verhältnis zwischen der vorgegebenen Breite (T1) und dem Mittelwert der Zeitabstandsintervalle (Tint) kleiner als 0,2 und bevorzugter Weise zwischen 10-1 und 10-5 ist.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem jeder Leistungsimpuls (3) eine ansteigende Front (3a) und eine absteigende Front (3b) umfasst, die eine Hüllkurve asymmetrischer Glockenform festlegen.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, bei dem die absteigende Front (3b) des Leistungsimpulses (3) steiler ist als die ansteigende Front (3a).
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem jeder Leistungsimpuls (3) eine vorgegebene Breite (1) zwischen 0,1 und 300 µs umfasst.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem jeder Leistungsimpuls (3) eine vorgegebene Breite (Ton) aufweist und bei dem das Verhältnis zwischen der vorgegebenen Breite (Ton) und dem Mittelwert der Zeitabstandsintervalle (Tint) kleiner als 0,2 und bevorzugter Weise zwischen 10-1 und 10-5 ist.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, umfassend überdies den Schritt, die Informationen mit einem Korrelationsalgorithmus zu verschlüsseln, der es erlaubt in Empfangsfase die von jedem gesandten Leistungsimpuls (3) eingenommene Stellung vorauszusehen.
EP04425826A 2004-11-04 2004-11-04 Verfahren zum Modulieren geformter Impulse Not-in-force EP1655853B1 (de)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES04425826T ES2285399T3 (es) 2004-11-04 2004-11-04 Procedimiento de modulacion de pulsos conformados.
DE602004005718T DE602004005718T2 (de) 2004-11-04 2004-11-04 Verfahren zum Modulieren geformter Impulse
EP04425826A EP1655853B1 (de) 2004-11-04 2004-11-04 Verfahren zum Modulieren geformter Impulse
PT04425826T PT1655853E (pt) 2004-11-04 2004-11-04 Método de modulação de impulsos pré-formados
AT04425826T ATE358916T1 (de) 2004-11-04 2004-11-04 Verfahren zum modulieren geformter impulse

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04425826A EP1655853B1 (de) 2004-11-04 2004-11-04 Verfahren zum Modulieren geformter Impulse

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1655853A1 EP1655853A1 (de) 2006-05-10
EP1655853B1 true EP1655853B1 (de) 2007-04-04

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EP04425826A Not-in-force EP1655853B1 (de) 2004-11-04 2004-11-04 Verfahren zum Modulieren geformter Impulse

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EP (1) EP1655853B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE358916T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004005718T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2285399T3 (de)
PT (1) PT1655853E (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2898224A1 (fr) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-07 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif et procede de reception ultra-large bande utilisant un detecteur a super-regeneration
US7924936B2 (en) * 2006-06-19 2011-04-12 Xg Technology, Inc. System and method for wave damping
EP2053755A1 (de) * 2007-10-25 2009-04-29 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Synchronisation
CN113470582B (zh) * 2021-07-28 2022-07-15 昆山龙腾光电股份有限公司 一种pwm输出电路和液晶显示装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6026125A (en) * 1997-05-16 2000-02-15 Multispectral Solutions, Inc. Waveform adaptive ultra-wideband transmitter
US6535545B1 (en) * 1999-10-15 2003-03-18 Rf Waves Ltd. RF modem utilizing saw resonator and correlator and communications transceiver constructed therefrom

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1655853A1 (de) 2006-05-10
DE602004005718D1 (de) 2007-05-16
ATE358916T1 (de) 2007-04-15
PT1655853E (pt) 2007-07-03
ES2285399T3 (es) 2007-11-16
DE602004005718T2 (de) 2007-12-27

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