EP1651799A1 - Elektrochemische zelle - Google Patents
Elektrochemische zelleInfo
- Publication number
- EP1651799A1 EP1651799A1 EP04740955A EP04740955A EP1651799A1 EP 1651799 A1 EP1651799 A1 EP 1651799A1 EP 04740955 A EP04740955 A EP 04740955A EP 04740955 A EP04740955 A EP 04740955A EP 1651799 A1 EP1651799 A1 EP 1651799A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gap
- electrolyte
- cell
- diffusion electrode
- gas diffusion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/13—Single electrolytic cells with circulation of an electrolyte
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrochemical cell, at least consisting of an anode half cell with an anode, a cathode half cell with a cathode and an ion exchange membrane arranged between the anode half cell and cathode half cell, the anode and / or the cathode being a gas diffusion electrode.
- the invention further relates to a method for the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of alkali chloride.
- a 01/57290 can consist of foams, wire nets or the like.
- US Pat. No. 6,117,286 also describes an electrolysis cell with a gas diffusion electrode for the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution, in which there is a layer of a hydrophilic material in the gap between the gas diffusion electrode and the ion exchange membrane.
- the layer of hydrophilic material preferably has a porous structure which contains a corrosion-resistant metal or resin. As a porous structure e.g. Nets, fabrics or foams can be used.
- Sodium hydroxide, the electrolyte flows under the force of gravity down over the layer of hydrophilic material to the bottom of the electrolytic cell.
- EP-A 1 033 419 discloses an electrolysis cell with a gas diffusion electrode as the cathode for the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution.
- Metals, metal oxides or organic materials come into consideration as the porous material if they are corrosion-resistant.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an electrolytic cell which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the invention relates to an electrochemical cell, at least consisting of an anode half cell with an anode, a " cathode half cell with a cathode and ion exchange membrane arranged between the anode half cell and cathode half cell, the anode and / or the cathode being a gas diffusion electrode and between the gas diffusion electrode and the Ion exchange membrane is arranged a gap and the half cell with gas diffusion electrode has an electrolyte inlet and an electrolyte outlet and a gas inlet and a gas outlet, characterized in that the
- Electrolyte inlet is tightly connected to the gap.
- the electrolyte flows through the half cell from top to bottom in the gap between the gas diffusion electrode and the ion exchange membrane.
- the gap is completely filled with electrolyte.
- the remaining space of the half cell, the gas space is filled with gas which is fed in through the gas inlet and discharged through the gas outlet.
- the electrolyte feed is tightly connected to the gap. This prevents gas from the gas space from entering the gap via the electrolyte inlet. Due to the tight connection between the electrolyte inlet and the gap, the electrolyte can be conveyed through the gap with the aid of a pump, so that the electrolyte stream does not flow freely in the gap along the gas diffusion electrode. With the help of the pump, the volume flow of the electrolyte flowing through the gap can be adjusted.
- the volume flow is preferably set so that the flow rate of the electrolyte is lower than in free fall.
- flow guiding structures are provided in the gap.
- the flow guide structures also prevent a free fall of the electrolyte in the gap, so that the flow speed is reduced compared to the free fall. At the same time, however, the electrolyte must not build up in the gap due to the flow guide structures.
- the flow guide structures are chosen so that the pressure loss the hydrostatic liquid column in the gap is compensated. If flow guiding structures are provided, they can completely take over the function of the pump, namely the reduction of the flow speed in the gap, so that no pump is necessary. However, a pump can also be used in combination with flow guide structures.
- the flow guide structures consist of thin plates, foils or the like, which have openings for the electrolyte to flow through. They are across, i.e. arranged perpendicular or obliquely to the flow direction of the electrolyte in the gap.
- the plate-shaped flow guide structures are preferably inclined with respect to the horizontal, wherein they are inclined either only in one axis or in both axes. If the flow guide structures are arranged obliquely to the direction of flow, they can be inclined both in the direction of the ion exchange membrane and in the direction of the gas diffusion electrode.
- the inclination in the direction of the gas diffusion electrode or the ion exchange membrane corresponds to an inclination about an axis which runs parallel to the gas diffusion electrode or ion exchange membrane and horizontally.
- the flow guide structures can be inclined across the width of the electrochemical cell. This corresponds to an inclination about an axis that runs perpendicular to the gas diffusion electrode or ion exchange membrane. This inclination can be 0 to 45 °, preferably 3 to 15 °.
- the flow guide structures are also arranged such that they contact the gas diffusion electrode on the one hand and the ion exchange membrane on the other. The electrolyte therefore only passes through the openings of the conductive structures.
- the flow control structures can be fixed or detachably connected to the gas diffusion electrode and the ion exchange membrane.
- the flow guide structures are preferably clamped between the gas diffusion electrode and the ion exchange membrane.
- the flow guide structures are fastened to a holding structure which is arranged essentially vertically in the gap, ie essentially parallel to the gas diffusion electrode and the ion exchange membrane.
- the holding structure runs, for example, in the middle of the gap, so that the flow guide structures project on the one hand in the direction of the ion exchange membrane and on the other hand in the direction of the gas diffusion electrode.
- the holding structure consists, for example, of a thin plastic rod, the diameter of which is smaller than the gap width between the gas diffusion electrode and the ion exchange membrane.
- the number of holding structures, for example in the form of plastic rods, over the length of the gas diffusion electrode, and thus of the flow guide structures, depends on the material thickness of the flow guide structures, since the plastic rods
- the flow guide structures can be flat. In order to facilitate the clamping of the flow guide structures between the gas diffusion electrode and the ion exchange membrane, the flow guide structures can have, for example, a Z, L, T, double T or trapezoidal profile.
- the flow guide structures can also be angled or curved as desired. They preferably consist of an elastic plate which is wider than the width of the gap. When pinching between the gas diffusion electrode and the ion exchange membrane and under the action of the electrolyte current in the gap, the elastic plates bend downward. The flow guide structures are then curved downwards. However, it is also possible to use flow guide structures that are curved upward. Curved flow guide structures are advantageous because they compensate for the manufacturing tolerances of the electrochemical cell, which are expressed, for example, in the width of the gap.
- the opening in the flow guide structures can have any shape, e.g. round or angular.
- the openings in flow guidance structures arranged one above the other or one below the other can either lie one above the other or one below the other, i.e. the openings coincide.
- the electrolyte flow runs essentially vertically through the gap. However, they can also be offset from one another so that the electrolyte flow does not flow through the gap in a straight line, but rather, for example, in a zigzag or meandering manner. This reduces the formation of dead zones.
- the flow guiding structures can be made of an alkali-resistant material, in particular an alkali-resistant metal or plastic.
- nickel or PTFE can be used as the material.
- the number of flow guide structures and the number and cross-sectional area of the openings are chosen so that the flow rate of the electrolyte is lower than in free fall.
- the openings have a diameter of 1 mm, for example.
- 6 flow guide structures with 127 openings with a diameter of 0.5 mm could also be used.
- the preferred volume flow of the electrolyte in the gap (with a width of the gap of, for example, 3 mm) is 100 to 300 1 / h.
- the volume flow is preferably a maximum of 500 1 / h.
- the flow rate is preferably a maximum of 1 cm / s.
- the advantage of flow guide structures over the porous layers known from the prior art lies in the improved removal of gas bubbles which enter the gap through the gas diffusion electrode. Furthermore, the electrolyte is pumped through the gap between the gas diffusion electrode and the ion exchange membrane, whereby this gap is completely filled with electrolyte. Porous structures which the electrolyte passes through in free fall according to the prior art are usually not completely filled with electrolyte, which is noticeable by a higher electrolysis voltage.
- the electrochemical cell according to the invention can be used for different electrolysis processes in which at least one electrode is a gas diffusion electrode.
- the gas diffusion electrode preferably functions as a cathode, particularly preferably as an oxygen consumable cathode, the gas supplied to the electrochemical cell being an oxygen-containing gas, for example air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen itself.
- the cell of the invention for the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of an alkali halide •, in particular of sodium chloride is preferably used.
- the gas diffusion electrode is constructed, for example, as follows: the gas diffusion electrode consists at least of an electrically conductive carrier and an electrochemically active coating.
- the electrically conductive carrier is preferably a mesh, woven fabric, braid, knitted fabric, fleece or foam made of metal, in particular made of nickel, silver or silver-plated nickel.
- the electrochemically active coating preferably consists of at least one catalyst, e.g. Silver (I) oxide, and a binder, e.g. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- the electrochemically active coating can be constructed from one or more layers.
- a gas diffusion layer for example made of a mixture of carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene, can be provided, which is applied to the carrier.
- Electrodes made of titanium can be used as anode, e.g. are coated with ruthenium-iridium oxides or ruthenium oxide.
- a commercially available membrane e.g. from DuPont,
- the electrolysis cell according to the invention which is suitable for the electrolysis of an aqueous sodium chloride solution, has a gap between the gas diffusion electrode and the ion exchange membrane with a width of the order of 3 mm.
- the flow guide structures are preferably made of thin plates made of PTFE or PVDF and have a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm
- the electrolyte inlet is a channel, for example a tube, which extends over the entire length of the gas diffusion electrode.
- the electrolyte feed can be used to feed the electrolyte evenly over the entire length from above into the gap between the gas diffusion electrode and the ion exchange membrane.
- the feed can also take place only in one area, for example in the upper area of one of the two ends of the gas diffusion electrode.
- the flow guide structures which are inclined in an axis perpendicular to the gas diffusion electrode or to the ion exchange membrane, can be used to achieve a uniform distribution of the electrolyte over the entire length of the gap.
- Another object of the invention is a method for the electrolysis of an aqueous alkali halide solution in an electrochemical cell, at least consisting of an anode half cell with an anode, a cathode half cell with a cathode and an ion exchange membrane arranged between anode half cell and cathode half cell, the anode and / or the cathode is a gas diffusion electrode and between the
- Gas diffusion electrode and the ion exchange membrane a gap is arranged and the half cell with a gas diffusion electrode has an electrolyte inlet and an electrolyte outlet and a gas inlet and a gas outlet, characterized in that the electrolyte flows by means of a pump in the gap from top to bottom, the gap being completely with Electrolyte is filled.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section of a first embodiment of the electrochemical cell according to the invention without flow guide structures in the gap between the gas diffusion electrode and the ion exchange membrane
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section of a second embodiment of the electrochemical cell according to the invention with flow guide structures in the gap between the gas diffusion electrode and the ion exchange membrane
- FIG. 1 shows an electrochemical cell 1 according to the invention, which is constructed from an anode half cell 2 with an anode 21 and a cathode half cell 3 with a gas diffusion electrode 31 as the cathode.
- the two half cells 2, 3 are separated from one another by an ion exchange membrane 4.
- the gas diffusion electrode 31 is separated from the ion exchange membrane 4 by a gap 32.
- Seals 39 seal the half cell 3 from the outside.
- the cathode half-cell 3 has an electrolyte inlet 33 and an electrolyte outlet 34 as well as a gas inlet 35 and a gas outlet 36.
- the electrolyte inlet 33 is tightly connected to the gap 32.
- the electrolyte is supplied to the half cell 3 via the electrolyte inlet 33 and flows downward in the gap 32 before it is removed from the half cell 3 via the electrolyte outlet 34.
- the gap 32 is completely filled with electrolyte during operation of the electrolysis cell 1.
- Gas is supplied to the gas space 37 of the half cell 3 via the gas inlet 35, flows upward in the gas space 37 and is discharged from the half cell 3 via the gas outlet 36.
- the tight connection of the electrolyte inlet 33 with the gap 32 allows the electrolyte to be conveyed through the gap 32 with the aid of a pump and thus a desired volume flow or a desired flow adjust the speed of the electrolyte in the gap 32.
- the tight connection must prevent gas from flowing out of the gas space 37 into the gap 32.
- the electrolyte inlet 33 is completely filled.
- the equalizing opening 38 is to be dimensioned such that a very low volume flow of the electrolyte flows out into the gas space 37 via the opening 38.
- the volume flow through the opening 38 into the rear space is preferably less than 5% of the total volume flow.
- the compensating opening 38 allows gas to escape, which is released in small quantities during operation of the electrolytic cell 1
- Gas space 37 enters the gap 32 through the gas diffusion electrode 31 and in the form of
- the electrolytic cell 1 in FIG. 2 has flow-guiding structures 51, 52, 53, 54 in the gap 32 in addition to the tight connection of the electrolyte inlet 33 to the gap 32.
- the flow guide structures 51, 52, 53, 54 reduce the flow rate of the electrolyte in the gap 32 compared to the flow rate that the electrolyte would assume in free fall.
- the flow guide structures 5b 52, 53, 54 consist of thin plates with openings 56 which allow the electrolyte to pass through. In the illustrated embodiments, they are clamped between the ion exchange membrane 4 and the gas diffusion electrode 31.
- the flow guide structures 51 are substantially horizontal in the gap 32, i.e. arranged transversely to the flow direction of the electrolyte.
- the flow guide structures 53 can be inclined, i.e. at an angle to the direction of flow, e.g. in the direction of the ion exchange membrane 4.
- the flow guide structures 53 are V-shaped.
- the flow guide structures 54 are curved downward.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10333853A DE10333853A1 (de) | 2003-07-24 | 2003-07-24 | Elektrochemische Zelle |
| PCT/EP2004/007713 WO2005012595A1 (de) | 2003-07-24 | 2004-07-13 | Elektrochemische zelle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1651799A1 true EP1651799A1 (de) | 2006-05-03 |
| EP1651799B1 EP1651799B1 (de) | 2015-05-27 |
Family
ID=34088814
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04740955.2A Expired - Lifetime EP1651799B1 (de) | 2003-07-24 | 2004-07-13 | Elektrochemische zelle |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20050029116A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1651799B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP4680901B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN100549239C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10333853A1 (de) |
| TW (1) | TWI351447B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2005012595A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI20060726A1 (it) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-13 | De Nora Elettrodi S P A | Elettrodo a diffusione gassosa per celle a percolazione di elettrolita |
| JP4198726B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-06 | 2008-12-17 | クロリンエンジニアズ株式会社 | イオン交換膜電解槽 |
| DE102008011473A1 (de) * | 2008-02-27 | 2009-09-03 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polycarbonat |
| DE102009004031A1 (de) * | 2009-01-08 | 2010-07-15 | Bayer Technology Services Gmbh | Strukturierte Gasdiffusionselektrode für Elektrolysezellen |
| US8266736B2 (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2012-09-18 | Watkins Manufacturing Corporation | Drop-in chlorinator for portable spas |
| US8273254B2 (en) | 2010-04-19 | 2012-09-25 | Watkins Manufacturing Corporation | Spa water sanitizing system |
| US9478803B2 (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2016-10-25 | Primus Power Corporation | Electrolyte flow configuration for a metal-halogen flow battery |
| GB2539478B (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2017-11-22 | Siemens Ag | Electrochemical cell and process |
| JP6898939B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-17 | 2021-07-07 | エイチピーナウ エーピーエス | 液体環境中の気相反応物用の電気化学セル |
| JP2019510885A (ja) | 2016-04-07 | 2019-04-18 | コベストロ、ドイチュラント、アクチエンゲゼルシャフトCovestro Deutschland Ag | クロルアルカリ電気分解用の二機能性電極および電気分解デバイス |
| US11407661B2 (en) | 2017-07-17 | 2022-08-09 | Watkins Manufacturing Corporation | Chlorine generator system |
| EP3805429A1 (de) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-04-14 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Verfahren und elektrolysevorrichtung zur herstellung von chlor, kohlenmonoxid und gegebenenfalls wasserstoff |
| US11444304B1 (en) | 2021-06-01 | 2022-09-13 | Verdagy, Inc. | Anode and/or cathode pan assemblies in an electrochemical cell, and methods to use and manufacture thereof |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2749861B2 (ja) * | 1989-03-23 | 1998-05-13 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | ガス拡散電極 |
| DE4306889C1 (de) * | 1993-03-05 | 1994-08-18 | Heraeus Elektrochemie | Elektrodenanordnung für gasbildende elektrolytische Prozesse in Membran-Zellen und deren Verwendung |
| DE19646950A1 (de) * | 1996-11-13 | 1998-05-14 | Bayer Ag | Elektrochemische Gasdiffusionshalbzelle |
| JP3553775B2 (ja) * | 1997-10-16 | 2004-08-11 | ペルメレック電極株式会社 | ガス拡散電極を使用する電解槽 |
| EP1033419B1 (de) * | 1998-08-25 | 2006-01-11 | Toagosei Co., Ltd. | Elektrolytische sodazelle mit gasdiffusionselektrode |
| JP3086853B2 (ja) * | 1999-02-25 | 2000-09-11 | 長一 古屋 | 電解槽 |
| IT1317753B1 (it) * | 2000-02-02 | 2003-07-15 | Nora S P A Ora De Nora Impiant | Cella di elettrolisi con elettrodo a diffusione di gas. |
| JP2001300537A (ja) * | 2000-04-25 | 2001-10-30 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 水浄化装置 |
| JP2002275670A (ja) * | 2001-03-13 | 2002-09-25 | Association For The Progress Of New Chemistry | イオン交換膜電解槽および電解方法 |
| ITMI20012379A1 (it) * | 2001-11-12 | 2003-05-12 | Uhdenora Technologies Srl | Cella di elettrolisi con elettrodi a diffusione di gas |
| DE10249508A1 (de) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-05-06 | Uhde Gmbh | Elektrolysezelle mit Innenrinne |
-
2003
- 2003-07-24 DE DE10333853A patent/DE10333853A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-07-13 WO PCT/EP2004/007713 patent/WO2005012595A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-07-13 CN CNB2004800214734A patent/CN100549239C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-13 EP EP04740955.2A patent/EP1651799B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-13 JP JP2006520729A patent/JP4680901B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-23 TW TW093121980A patent/TWI351447B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-07-23 US US10/897,430 patent/US20050029116A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2010
- 2010-12-01 US US12/957,805 patent/US20110073491A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2005012595A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1651799B1 (de) | 2015-05-27 |
| US20050029116A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
| JP4680901B2 (ja) | 2011-05-11 |
| HK1097885A1 (zh) | 2007-07-06 |
| CN100549239C (zh) | 2009-10-14 |
| CN1829825A (zh) | 2006-09-06 |
| DE10333853A1 (de) | 2005-02-24 |
| JP2006528730A (ja) | 2006-12-21 |
| WO2005012595A1 (de) | 2005-02-10 |
| US20110073491A1 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
| TW200519233A (en) | 2005-06-16 |
| TWI351447B (en) | 2011-11-01 |
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