EP1649320A1 - Film electrocommandable a proprietes optiques et/ou energetiques variables - Google Patents
Film electrocommandable a proprietes optiques et/ou energetiques variablesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1649320A1 EP1649320A1 EP04767671A EP04767671A EP1649320A1 EP 1649320 A1 EP1649320 A1 EP 1649320A1 EP 04767671 A EP04767671 A EP 04767671A EP 04767671 A EP04767671 A EP 04767671A EP 1649320 A1 EP1649320 A1 EP 1649320A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- film
- polymerization
- derivatives
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polyoxyethylenes Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- JKJWYKGYGWOAHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) carbonate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)OCC=C JKJWYKGYGWOAHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical class N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001427 mPEG Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 33
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- YMMGRPLNZPTZBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[2,3-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=C1C=CS2 YMMGRPLNZPTZBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011417 postcuring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chelidonic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BFRQLVKJMZSDCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[10-(2-hydroxypropyl)phenazin-5-yl]propan-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CC(O)C)C3=CC=CC=C3N(CC(C)O)C2=C1 BFRQLVKJMZSDCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDDDRVNOHLVEED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohexyl-3-[1-[[1-(cyclohexylcarbamoylamino)cyclohexyl]diazenyl]cyclohexyl]urea Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(N=NC1(CCCCC1)NC(=O)NC1CCCCC1)NC(=O)NC1CCCCC1 CDDDRVNOHLVEED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVURTNNWJAPOML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,10-dihydrophenazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 IVURTNNWJAPOML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Divinylene sulfide Natural products C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005530 alkylenedioxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DUDCYUDPBRJVLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyethane methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOCC.COC(=O)C(C)=C DUDCYUDPBRJVLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005570 flexible polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- WHRAZOIDGKIQEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Fe+2].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1.CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 WHRAZOIDGKIQEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002988 phenazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012994 photoredox catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001088 polycarbazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012985 polymerization agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F1/1523—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material
- G02F1/1525—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material characterised by a particular ion transporting layer, e.g. electrolyte
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F1/1516—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising organic material
- G02F1/15165—Polymers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F2001/15145—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material the electrochromic layer comprises a mixture of anodic and cathodic compounds
Definitions
- the invention relates to electrocontrollable devices with variable optical and / or energetic properties. It is more particularly interested in devices using electrochromic systems, operating in transmission or in reflection. Examples of electrochromic systems are described in US Patents 5,239,406 and EP-612,826.
- the electrochromic systems have been widely studied. They generally comprise, in known manner, two layers of electrochromic materials separated by an electrolyte and surrounded by two electrodes. Each of the electrochromic layers, under the effect of an electrical supply, can reversibly insert charges, the modification of their degree of oxidation following these insertions / disinsertions leading to a modification in their optical and / or thermal properties (for example , for tungsten oxide, a change from a blue color to a colorless appearance).
- electrochromic systems into three categories: - that in which the electrolyte is in the form of a polymer or a gel; for example a proton-conducting polymer like those described in patents EP-253,713 or EP-670,346, or a lithium ion-conducting polymer like those described in patents EP-382,623, EP-518,754 and EP- 532,408; the other layers of the system generally being of mineral nature,
- the electrochromic system comprises a stack of functional layers which essentially comprises two layers of electrochromic material separated by a layer of electrolyte and framed by two conductive layers.
- the various layers forming this functional stack are deposited on glass substrates or integrated within these substrates by various techniques known to those skilled in the art (CVD, sol / gel technique, magnetron, spin-coating, etc.) , which however all need to be implemented according to very strict operating methods in order to preserve the optimal properties of the stack.
- the present invention therefore aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing an electrocontrollable device with optical / energetic properties of transmission or variable reflection which facilitates its integration within substrates.
- the subject of the invention is therefore an electrocontrollable device with variable optical / energy properties of transmission or reflection, characterized in that it is shaped into a self-supporting film, said film being formed from a mixture of at least a first element adapted to provide an electrochromic functionality to the mixture, and at least a second element adapted to provide an electrolyte functionality for transporting ionic charges within said mixture.
- the mixture constitutes a single matrix which is obtained by successive polymerization of the first and second elements initially included in the mixture, the mixture constitutes a single matrix which is obtained by simultaneous polymerization of the first and second elements initially included in the mixture, - the mixture constitutes a single matrix which is obtained by polymerization of the first and second elements successively included,
- the first element is a conductive polymer, the first element is a polymer based on 3, 4 alkylene dioxy - thiophene or - pyrrole or one of its derivatives, the first element is a polymer based on carbazole or one of its derivatives, the first element is a polyaniline-based polymer or one of its derivatives, - the first element is a mixture of at least two electrochromic materials, at least one having an anodic coloring, the other having a cathodic coloring, the cathodic coloring material is a bipyr
- the third element is based on diallyl carbonate of diethylene glycol or one of its derivatives or po! y (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate ...
- the film constitutes an interpenetrated network of polymers with at least two components
- the film constitutes a semi-interpenetrated network of polymers with at least two components
- it has a composition gradient of the first element located according to a characteristic dimension of the film, - it also comprises at least one carrier substrate, said device being disposed between two current leads, respectively lower and upper ("lower” corresponding to the current supply closest to the subst carrier rat, as opposed to the “upper” current supply which is the farthest from said substrate)
- it relates to an electrochromic system developed from at least one electrochromic device or viologene as previously described.
- the second element is mixed with possibly the third element in the presence of at at least one polymerization initiating agent, - the second element is polymerized by thermal activation of the mixture and the thermal activation of the mixture is continued in order to obtain the polymerization of the third element - the second and the third element are polymerized or copolymerized in one step by thermal activation of the mixture - the first element is added to the mixture of second and third elements, the first element is polymerized by soaking the mixture with the aid of a polymerization initiating agent, the mixture is rinsed .
- the first element is incorporated initially into the monomer mixture of the second and third element.
- the first element is polymerized by soaking the mixture using a polymerization initiating agent, the mixture is rinsed, L the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawing in which: the single figure is a schematic view of an electrically controllable device according to the invention, produced according to a first embodiment,
- certain elements can be represented at larger or smaller dimensions than in reality, and this in order to facilitate the understanding of the figures.
- the single figure represents a glass 1 provided with a lower conductive layer 2, an active stack 3, surmounted by an upper conductive layer 4, a first network of conductive wires 5 or an equivalent device making it possible to bringing electric current above the upper conductive layer, a second network of conductive wires 6 or an equivalent device making it possible to bring electric current below the lower conductive layer 2.
- the current leads are either conductive wires if the electrochromic active layer is sufficiently conductive, either a network of wires running over or within a layer forming the electrode, this electrode being metallic or of the TCO type (Transparent
- the conducting wires 5, 6 are metallic wires, for example made of tungsten, optionally covered with carbon or a metallic oxide, with a diameter between 10 and 100 ⁇ m and preferably between 20 and
- the lower conductive layer 2 is a bilayer consisting of a first SiOC layer of 50 nm surmounted by a second layer of SnO 2 : F of 400 nm (two layers preferably deposited successively by CVD on the float glass before cutting).
- it may be a bilayer consisting of a first layer based on SiO 2 doped or not (in particular doped with aluminum or boron) of about 20 nm surmounted by a second layer of ITO of around 100 at 350 nm (two layers preferably deposited successively, under vacuum, by cathode sputtering assisted by magnetic field and reactive in the presence of oxygen, optionally hot).
- the upper conductive layer is produced in a similar manner to the lower conductive layer 2.
- the active stack 3 shown in the single figure is generally formed into a self-supporting film.
- a film is said to be “self-supporting” when, by its mechanical properties, it acquires a cohesion which makes it manipulable and retains its shape and dimensions, which makes it easily manipulable, transportable, assemblable. These properties are obtained without the presence of reinforcing substrate.
- This film is obtained from the mixture of at least two elements: a first suitable for providing an electrochromic functionality and a second suitable for providing a functionality for transporting ionic charges. According to a first embodiment, the mixture is obtained by successive polymerization of the first and second elements successively included, the first element being polymerized after the second.
- the mixture is obtained by successive polymerization of a mixture of the first and second elements initially included, the first element being polymerized after the second
- the first element is chosen from conductive polymers , and more particularly among those based on 3, 4-alkylene-dioxythiophene or one of its derivatives such as for example poly (3,
- PEDT 4-ethylene-dioxythiophene
- PEGDM poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate
- AIBN azo-bis-isobutyronitrile
- a heat treatment at 50 ° C followed by post curing at 80 ° C allows the polymerization / crosslinking of the methacrylate functions.
- the film is then immersed in a solution of pure ethylene dioxy-thiophene (EDT) or an organic solution containing EDT to allow the incorporation of the monomer into the film.
- EDT ethylene dioxy-thiophene
- variable immersion time will control the amount of EDT incorporated.
- the film is then immersed in a solution containing an oxidant (FeCI 3 for example).
- the amount of PEDT in the network is adapted as a function of the time of immersion of the film in the oxidizing solution.
- the EDT monomer (sold by the company STARK of the Bayer Group) is incorporated into the mixture of PEGDM and AIBN. During crosslinking of the matrix, the EDT monomer is trapped in the three-dimensional material. Its subsequent polymerization takes place as in the previous case by immersion in an oxidizing solution.
- this polymer is based on carbazole or one of its derivatives formed by chemical polymerization.
- polycarbazoles N-substituted by alkyl or oligo (oxyethylene) chains obtained by chemical oxidative synthesis can be used.
- a macromer with oxyethylene groups containing pendant carbazoles or thiophenes allowing chemical crosslinking is also possible.
- the conductive polymer constituting the first element it is particularly stable, in particular to UV, and functions by insertion-disinsertion of cations (Na + , Li + , Ca 2+ , Ba 2+ ...), or alternatively d 'H + ions or anions (CF 3 SO 3 " , BF 4 “ , PF 6 “ , CIO 4 “ , Cl “ , TFSI, SCN “ ”), these ions being optionally incorporated in the form of molten salts.
- the first element is not based on conductive polymer, but based on a mixture of organic molecules, namely a mixture of at least two electrochromic materials, at least one having an anodic coloring (based on 5, 10-phenazine or one of its derivatives, the other at least having a cathodic coloring (a bipyridine salt).
- the phenazine derivatives used as organic molecules with anodic coloring can be 5,10 dialkyl 5,10 dihydrophenazine or 5,10-bis (2-hydroxypropyl) -5,10-dihydrophenazine or 5,10-dimethoxymethy!
- the second element which is associated in the matrix of the film with the first element and which plays the role of electrolyte is also a polymer. It is chosen among polyoxyalkylenes, and more particularly still, it is based on polyoxyethylene (POE) or one of its derivatives.
- POE polyoxyethylene
- An example of such a polymer can be produced from poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate or (PEGDM) or poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate or from a poly (urethane) or poly (ester) network based on poly (oxyethylene). .
- PEGDM poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate
- PEGM poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate
- EDOT ethylenedioxythiophene
- AIBN azo-bis-isobutyronitrile
- a heat treatment at 50 ° C followed by a postcuring at 80 ° C allows the polymerization / crosslinking of the methacrylate functions.
- a three-dimensional material is formed in which the EDOT monomer is trapped.
- the film is then immersed in a solution containing the oxidant (FeCI 3 for example, sold by the company Acros).
- the amount of PEDOT in the network depends on the time of immersion of the film in the oxidizing solution.
- mixtures of PEGDM and PEGM ranging from 90/10 to 10/90 by mass can be produced to modulate the mechanical and ionic conduction properties.
- DMA Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
- the tangent temperature ⁇ of the various PEGDM / PEGM matrices is given below as a function of the molar mass of PEGDM (M ⁇ 875 and 550 g / mol) and the mass proportion of PEGDM and PEGM (x / y) initially introduced is shown in the following table.
- this third element is a polymer chosen from polycarbonates, or more particularly still those based on diallyl carbonate of diethylene glycol (CR39) or one of its derivatives or else monomers based on methacrylate such than poly (ethylene glycol) methy! ether methacrylate or methyl methacrylate.
- PEGDM poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate
- PEGM poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate
- EDOT ethylenedioxythiophene
- AIBN azo-bis-isobutyronitrile
- Aldrich a polymerization initiating agent
- 1, 1'-azobis cyclohexanecarbonile
- a heat treatment at 55 ° C, then at 80 ° C, and finally at 100 ° C followed by a postcuring at 120 ° C allows the polymerization / crosslinking of the allyl and methacrylate functions.
- the subsequent polymerization is carried out as in the previous case, by immersion in an oxidizing solution.
- the amount of PEDOT in the network is adapted as a function of the time of immersion of the film in this oxidizing solution.
- the mixture of the first, second, and possibly third elements, shaped into a self-supporting film, is then positioned between at least two substrates, each of their faces facing the self-supported film being covered with the lower and upper conductive layers 2, 4, and possibly incorporating the current leads, this assembly then conforming an electrically controllable device with variable optical and / or energy properties.
- said film Prior to assembly of the film within the two substrates, said film was impregnated with Li + salt or other cations among those already listed and possibly with a plasticizing agent. This impregnation can be carried out during the stages of preparation of the film, by incorporating into the mixture of monomers of the three elements the Li + salt in the case where it is insoluble in the solvents for washing and polymerizing the monomer.
- the matrix forms either a network or an interpenetrating network of polymers.
- the principle is to polymerize and / or crosslink mixtures (of monomers or prepolymers) of the second and third elements containing functions whose modes or conditions of polymerization or crosslinking are either identical or different.
- the matrix is a network
- the matrix is an interpenetrating network.
- the presence of the third element is not essential.
- the matrix is also a network.
- the first element providing the electrochromic functionality is introduced either directly into the initial mixture of the second and third elements, or by impregnation of the network consisting of the second and third elements.
- the presence of the third element is not essential.
- the chemical polymerization of the first element within the interpenetrated networks thus formed is obtained by soaking in a solution containing at least one agent for polymerizing the first element (FeCI 3 for example). Depending on the polymerization solvent, the soaking time, the initial concentrations of the conjugated monomer and the thickness of the film, homogeneous or gradient networks can be obtained.
- the three monomers forming the first, second and third elements are mixed initially as follows:
- a first network is formed from a mixture of the monomers of the second and third element (in our case, poly ( ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDM) with diallyl carbonate of diethylene glycol (CR39) in the presence of a mixture of polymerization initiating agents (AIBN and POB).
- the polymerization of POE is carried out at 40 ° C.
- the polymerization of the (PC) from (CR39) is carried out at 80 ° C.
- the film formed then undergoes baking at 100 ° C. At this stage, the first interpenetrated network is obtained.
- the polymerization of the first element (that which provides electrochromic functionality) within the first network is obtained by soaking the previous first network in an oxidizing solution (FeCI 3 ...,) the excess of the monomers of the first element which have not reacted t removed by washing said network obtained after soaking in a methanol solution.
- a functional system of two homogeneous self-supporting films, as previously described (POE / PC / PEDT) framing a self-supported film based on the second and third element (POE / PC) framing a self-supported film based on the second and third element (POE / PC)
- This assembly is represented in the table below and has optical characteristics (Tl for example) comparable to those obtained for electrochromic systems known from the prior art (namely obtained by electrodeposition techniques.
- obtaining the network takes up the main steps of the method for obtaining the previous network.
- the first network formed of the second and third elements is obtained in a similar manner except as regards the presence of the first element. This is not present initially in the mixture with the other two.
- the first network (POE / PC) in a polymerized form is dipped in a monomer solution based on the first pure element (in our example, it is recalled that the first element is in particular based on EDT). After swelling of the POE / PC network matrix by EDT, the polymerization is obtained by soaking the first swollen network in an oxidizing solution (FeCI3, Iron Tosylate, etc.).
- the network obtained is gradient.
- the amount of PEDT is greater on the surface than in the center of the film.
- the formation of the conductive polymer gradient in the insulating matrix can be followed by the change in ratio of the ohmic resistance at the surface of the film with respect to the thickness resistance. By following the evolution of this ratio as a function of the immersion time for different solvents, one can observe the influence of the nature of the solvent and of the matrix on the polymerization kinetics.
- the electrically controllable device integrating a self-supporting gradient film between two glass substrates provided at their respective faces opposite the film with the active layers (and any current leads) makes it possible to obtain contrasts greater than 3 between an oxidized and reduced state.
- said film prior to assembly of the film within the two substrates, said film was impregnated with Li + salt or another cation and optionally with a plasticizing agent. This impregnation can be carried out during the stages of preparation of the film, by incorporating into the mixture of monomers of the three elements the salt of Li + or another cation.
- a single film can be used industrially to insert the electrochromic functions in the envisaged applications (described below) - interpenetration of the two species of polymers (the electrochromic polymer and the electrolyte polymer) with a conductive polymer gradient in the matrix generates external layers creating de facto contact surfaces with the electrodes (anode and cathode) without presenting the disadvantages (delamination) - the electrochromic material is partially protected from the outside thereby increasing the life of the electrically controllable device
- the two glasses forming the substrates of the electrically controllable device described above are made of clear glass flat, standard, silica-soda-lime about 2 mm thick each.
- the invention applies in the same way to curved and / or toughened glasses.
- at least one of the glasses can be tinted in the mass, in particular tinted blue or green, gray, bronze or brown.
- the substrates used in the invention can also be based on polymer (PMMA, PET, PC ).
- the substrates can have very varied geometric shapes: they can be squares or rectangles, but also any polygon or profile at least partially curved, defined by rounded or wavy contours (round, oval, "waves", etc.).
- At least one of the two glasses can be covered with a coating comprising another functionality (this other functionality being able for example to be an anti-solar stack, an anti-fouling stack or the like).
- a coating comprising another functionality (this other functionality being able for example to be an anti-solar stack, an anti-fouling stack or the like).
- an anti-solar stack it can be a stack of thin layers deposited by sputtering and comprising at least one silver layer. It is thus possible to have combinations of the type -glass / electrochromic system / anti-solar layers / glass.
- thermoplastic can be chosen from PVB, PU.EVA
- the sunscreen coating can also be deposited not on one of the glasses, but on a sheet of flexible polymer of the PET type (polyethylene terephthalate) .
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- EP 826 641, EP 844 219, EP 847 965, WO99 / 45415, EP 1 010 677 can also be integrated within a tri-glass "substrate", the latter being advantageously used during the development of glazings which comply with safety requirements.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0308647A FR2857759B1 (fr) | 2003-07-16 | 2003-07-16 | Film electrocommandable a proprietes optiques et/ou energetiques variables |
| PCT/FR2004/001841 WO2005008326A1 (fr) | 2003-07-16 | 2004-07-13 | Film electrocommandable a proprietes optiques et/ou energetiques variables |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1649320A1 true EP1649320A1 (fr) | 2006-04-26 |
Family
ID=33548159
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04767671A Withdrawn EP1649320A1 (fr) | 2003-07-16 | 2004-07-13 | Film electrocommandable a proprietes optiques et/ou energetiques variables |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070041074A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1649320A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2007529025A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20060065630A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1823297A (fr) |
| AR (1) | AR047555A1 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0412642A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2857759B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MXPA06000602A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2005008326A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2910137B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-18 | 2009-03-20 | Saint Gobain | Materiau electrolyte de dispositif electrocommandable, son procede de fabrication, dispositif electrocommandable le comprenant et procede de fabrication dudit dispositif |
| FR2910138B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-18 | 2009-08-21 | Saint Gobain | Materiau electrolyte de dispositif electrocommandable, son procede de fabrication, dispositif electrocommandable le comprenant et procede de fabrication dudit dispositif |
| FR2917849B1 (fr) * | 2007-06-25 | 2009-09-25 | Saint Gobain | Materiau semi-electroactif renfermant des composes organiques a activite redox positive ou negative, procede et kit de fabrication de ce materiau, dispositif electrocommandable et vitrages utilisant un tel materiau |
| FR2917848B1 (fr) * | 2007-06-25 | 2009-09-25 | Saint Gobain | Materiau electroactif renfermant des composes organiques a activites redox respectivement positive et negative, procede et kit de fabrication de ce materiau, dispositif electrocommandable et vitrages utlisant un tel materiau |
| KR101458207B1 (ko) * | 2007-11-20 | 2014-11-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전기변색 물질 및 이를 이용한 전기변색 소자 |
| EP2123731A1 (fr) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-11-25 | SMR PATENTS S.à.r.l. | Processus de production de substrats électrochimiques et articles électrochimiques ainsi fabriqués |
| ES2576754T3 (es) * | 2008-11-20 | 2016-07-11 | Université de Cergy-Pontoise | Redes interpenetradas de polímeros con emisividad ajustable |
| US9664974B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2017-05-30 | View, Inc. | Fabrication of low defectivity electrochromic devices |
| EP2545410A1 (fr) | 2010-03-12 | 2013-01-16 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Dispositif électrochromique pouvant contrôler un rayonnement visible et un rayonnement infrarouge |
| FR2996804B1 (fr) * | 2012-10-12 | 2016-03-18 | Thales Sa | Surface radiative |
| WO2014105814A1 (fr) | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-03 | E-Vision Smart Optics Inc. | Électrode bicouche pour une lentille électro-optique à cristaux liquides |
| US10761393B2 (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2020-09-01 | E-Vision, Llc | Electro-chromic devices including solid or quasi-solid electrolyte layers and methods of making the same |
| JP2014202858A (ja) * | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-27 | パナソニック株式会社 | 調光装置 |
| ES2981413T3 (es) | 2013-07-25 | 2024-10-08 | E Vision Llc | Métodos para fabricar películas electrocrómicas |
| CN107302665B (zh) * | 2017-08-18 | 2020-07-24 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | 一种摄像装置、光圈调节方法和电子设备 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3844636A (en) * | 1972-12-13 | 1974-10-29 | American Cyanamid Co | Electrochromic mirror |
| US5253100A (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1993-10-12 | The Board Of Governors For Higher Education, State Of Rhode Island And Providence Plantations | Solid electrolytes for conducting polymer-based color switchable windows and electronic display services |
| US4923289A (en) * | 1988-10-05 | 1990-05-08 | Ford Motor Company | Electrochromic devices having a gradient of color intensities |
| US5327281A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1994-07-05 | Eic Laboratories | Solid polymeric electrolytes for electrochromic devices having reduced acidity and high anodic stability |
| US5910854A (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1999-06-08 | Donnelly Corporation | Electrochromic polymeric solid films, manufacturing electrochromic devices using such solid films, and processes for making such solid films and devices |
| FR2753545B1 (fr) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-10-16 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Dispositif electrochimique |
| US6665107B2 (en) * | 1997-04-02 | 2003-12-16 | Gentex Corporation | Electrochromic device having an electrically conductive seal |
| JPH11183938A (ja) * | 1997-12-19 | 1999-07-09 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp | エレクトロクロミック素子 |
| JP2000154254A (ja) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-06-06 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | リチウム2次電池用ゲル状電解質 |
| US6249369B1 (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-06-19 | Gentex Corporation | Coupled electrochromic compounds with photostable dication oxidation states |
| JP2002082360A (ja) * | 2000-09-11 | 2002-03-22 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 光書き込み型記録材料 |
| WO2003012908A2 (fr) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-02-13 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Structures d'accumulateur, structures auto-organisatrices et procedes correspondants |
| US6791738B2 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2004-09-14 | University Of Florida | Electrochromic polymers and polymer electrochromic devices |
| FR2840078B1 (fr) * | 2002-05-22 | 2004-08-13 | Saint Gobain | Dispositif electrocommandable a proprietes optiques et/ou energetiques variables |
| US7471437B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2008-12-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Electrochromic materials and devices |
-
2003
- 2003-07-16 FR FR0308647A patent/FR2857759B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-07-13 WO PCT/FR2004/001841 patent/WO2005008326A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2004-07-13 CN CNA2004800204569A patent/CN1823297A/zh active Pending
- 2004-07-13 US US10/564,195 patent/US20070041074A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-13 KR KR1020067000921A patent/KR20060065630A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2004-07-13 MX MXPA06000602A patent/MXPA06000602A/es unknown
- 2004-07-13 EP EP04767671A patent/EP1649320A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-07-13 JP JP2006519956A patent/JP2007529025A/ja active Pending
- 2004-07-13 BR BRPI0412642-4A patent/BRPI0412642A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-07-16 AR ARP040102513A patent/AR047555A1/es active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2005008326A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1823297A (zh) | 2006-08-23 |
| US20070041074A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
| FR2857759A1 (fr) | 2005-01-21 |
| MXPA06000602A (es) | 2006-04-11 |
| FR2857759B1 (fr) | 2005-12-23 |
| WO2005008326A1 (fr) | 2005-01-27 |
| BRPI0412642A (pt) | 2006-09-26 |
| JP2007529025A (ja) | 2007-10-18 |
| KR20060065630A (ko) | 2006-06-14 |
| AR047555A1 (es) | 2006-01-25 |
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