EP1645835A1 - Full caliber projectile - Google Patents

Abstract

A full calibre projectile comprises a sleeve, a ballistic tip, a sleeve guide band, and a propellant charge. The guide band (3) is 35-45% of the projectile length. The projectile is integrated telescopically in a propellant moulding (14), and the moulding has an inner diameter d1, and a smaller diameter d2 over the sleeve region. The sleeve (1) is tubular and forms splitters.

Description

The invention relates to a full-caliber projectile with a projectile casing, a ballistic hood, arranged on the projectile casing guide tape and a propellant charge.

It is known that projectile active bodies of tungsten heavy metal construction splitter are enclosed by a projectile casing or projectile hood. These "packaging elements", also called parasitic or Balastmasse, do not contribute to the effect in the target. On the contrary, they hinder the bullet decomposition on impact at the target and thus the splitting and / or propagation considerably depending on the target distance. The ratio of parasitic to active body mass is all the less favorable, the larger the caliber is or relatively low overall mass for the caliber. Executed full caliber bullets in the range 25 mm to 30 mm generally have an active body mass fraction of ≤ 70%.

From DE 33 01 381 C2 a Vollkalibergeschoss is known in which it is necessary to produce the splintering performance due to a ductile Wolframgeschosshülle by a weight-increasing explosives filling.

Furthermore, it is known, for example, in a training projectile made of steel on the projectile tail a sealing lip - also called Opturator - same caliber in a propellant charge molding (TLFK) to order. This sealing and swirl transmission element must remain closed within the propellant charge molding in order not to injure it and accordingly may only open at a certain gas pressure in the pipe. The sealing and twist transmission thus begins very late, that is, the projectile free flight is greater than the projectile length.

• Die gasdruckabhängige Dichtfunktion ist problematisch bei temperaturabhängigen Druckverläufen des Treibladungsformkörpers,
• der späte, erst im Rohr einsetzende Abdichtungsbeginn ermöglicht Gasschlupf und damit Leistungsverlust und Gasdruckstreuungen,
• eine höhere Geschossgeschwindigkeit (höhere Leistenkräfte) zu Beginn der Drallaufnahme verlangt unter Umständen eine verstärkte Dichtlippe, was der Dichtfunktion abträglich sein kann,
• aussenballistisch wirkt sich eine geöffnete Dichtlippe durch einen höheren cw-Wert immer nachteilig aus,
• radial unterschiedlich deformierte Dichtlippen können sich negativ auf die Präzision und somit auf die Schussleistung auswirken.

The disadvantages of such a seal and swirl transmission element are obvious:

• The gas pressure-dependent sealing function is problematic in the case of temperature-dependent pressure profiles of the propellant shaped article,
• the late start of the seal, which begins in the pipe, allows gas slippage and therefore loss of power and gas pressure variations,
• a higher projectile velocity (higher ingot forces) at the beginning of spin reception may require a reinforced sealing lip, which may be detrimental to the sealing function,
• Outside ballistic, an open sealing lip always has a negative effect due to a higher cw value.
• radially differently deformed sealing lips can have a negative effect on the precision and thus on the shooting performance.

The object of the invention is to provide a full-caliber bullet, which is preferably integrated with increasing the sealing effect and firing performance in a propellant charge molding and increases the effective mass fraction of the total floor mass.

This problem is solved by the features specified in claim 1. The subclaims specify further refinements and developments of the invention.

In order to achieve a quick and secure sealing of the tube cross-section and early guidance and swirl reception of the projectile during firing at the firing process converting (burning) and thus its projectile leadership losing propellant charge body, the arrangement of the sealing and swirl transmission element according to the invention at the end of the ballistic tip , At the end of the first third of the projectile length, provided in the transition to the tubular projectile body.

As a result, a gas pressure-dependent sealing and swirl transfer function is also avoided. The propellant charge molding is adapted in the region of the projectile nose and the seal and swirl transmission element in the inner diameter of the seal and swirl transmission element, whereas the remaining projectile body is guided with caliber diameter in the propellant charge molding tube.

To handle safe to connect the projectile with the combustible propellant charge body and to ensure a uniform and adjustable Geschossausziehwiderstand in the propellant charge body, it is connected to the latter at the rear end of the seal and swirl transmission element (guide band) by means of a thread which is abgescheert at the launching process in the propellant charge molding. The projectile body following the seal and swirl transmission element is cylindrical and with the caliber diameter equal to its end, so that a long and smooth guidance results in the propellant charge body, which is only completed due to the inventively chosen the constructive position of the seal and swirl transmission element when this has reached a secure leadership in the gun barrel.

The projectile casing is designed as a tubular, end ballistic active body and consists of brittle tungsten heavy metal which, in order to achieve a required splintering performance no explosive filling as in ductile tungsten heavy metal is required. By eliminating the explosive filling and possible additional "packaging elements", the parasitic mass fraction of the total storey mass is reduced to 30% to 10% and the effective mass fraction of the projectile on the total storey mass is increased to 70% to 90%.

The ballistic tip and the swirl transmission and sealing element form a unit and are preferably made of fiber-reinforced plastic and non-positively and positively connected to the projectile body through openings in the injection-molding process.

To reduce bounces in case of misses, respectively to increase the splintering performance in the target, the ballistic tip can be hollow and provided with predetermined breaking points.

As a cost-effective embodiment of a training projectile offers the complete ejection of the bullet hollow body in conjunction with the ballistic tip. The introduction of predetermined breaking points is then not possible.

In a further embodiment, the seal and swirl transmission element can also be designed as a separate component.

The projectile body itself is tubular, wherein it is designed as a combat projectile preferably made of brittle tungsten heavy metal and for practice purposes of non or less end ballistisch effective material, for example steel.

The tubular projectile body is closed at its rear end by a Heckstopfen, in which a tracer can be integrated. The Heckstopfen is the battle floor preferably made of a lightweight material to integrate as much effective mass in the projectile body itself and screwed with this, glued or pressed into this.

In the case of a cost-effective execution of a Üb-projectile, the projectile body can form a unit with the rear plug.

In order to use the projectile according to the invention also with a standard cartridge case, a so-called strangulation groove is arranged in the region of the rear end, which allows a frictional connection between the sleeve and projectile. In this case, the sealing and swirl transmission element lying in the first third of the projectile can be integrated into the rear end.

A tracer version is compatible with all mentioned projectile variants.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the figures below.

Fig. 1

ein Geschoss in einem Treibladungsformkörper in einem Längsschnitt;

Fig. 2

ein Gefechtsgeschoss im Längsschnitt;

Fig. 3

eine in der Figur 1 vergrößert dargestellte Einzelheit im Schnitt;

Fig. 4 +5

jeweils Übungsgeschosse im Halbschnitt;

Fig. 6

eine weitere Geschossvariante mit separatem Führungsband im Halbschnitt;

Fig. 7

eine weitere Geschossvariante in Verbindung mit einer Standardhülse im Halbschnitt.

It shows:

Fig. 1

a projectile in a propellant shaped body in a longitudinal section;

Fig. 2

a battle floor in longitudinal section;

Fig. 3

a detail shown enlarged in the figure 1 in section;

Fig. 4 +5

each practice round in half section;

Fig. 6

another projectile variant with a separate guide band in half section;

Fig. 7

Another projectile variant in conjunction with a standard sleeve in half section.

In FIG. 1, a projectile 1 according to the invention is integrated telescopically in a combustible propellant shaped article 14. A trained as a guide band 3 seal and swirl transmission element is 35% to 45% of the projectile length I, starting from the front end 10 of a ballistic tip 2, disposed on the projectile casing 1. The propellant charge molding 14 is formed in the region of the projectile nose 2 to the guide band 3 an inner diameter d ₁ adapted to the guide band and a smaller inner diameter d ₂ corresponding to the caliber diameter in the outer region of the caliber bullet casing 1. The projectile casing 1 is designed as a tubular end ballistic active body and consists of explosive splinter formation in the target at a battle bullet of brittle tungsten heavy metal. Rear side of the projectile is a Anzündtopf 15 with an electric ignition unit 16 is shown schematically within the propellant charge body.

Figures 2 and 3 show the combat projectile according to the invention with the tubular active body 1 of brittle tungsten heavy metal, which also forms the same caliber projectile body. Seen in the direction of flight, preferably a conical Ogivenform 9 having ballistic tip 2 with integrated guide band (seal and swirl transmission element) 3 molded plastic and connected via through holes 4 with the active body 1. At the rear end of the guide strip 3, a threaded connection 5 is shown to the propellant charge body. The hollow ballistic tip 2 is executed with longitudinal break points 8. The rear end of the active body is closed with a rear stopper 7.

Figures 4 and 5 show two variants of practice bullets in half section. The variant shown in Figure 4 is constructed as the combat bullet according to Figure 2, but the projectile body 1 is provided of steel. On the representation of the thread on the integrated guide belt 3 of the ballistic tip 2 was also dispensed as on the predetermined breaking points.

FIG. 5 represents a special case. The projectile body 1 forms a unit together with the rear end 7. The ballistic tip 2 'is molded from the front and simultaneously fills out the cavity formed as a blind hole of the projectile body. However, this extraordinarily economical production variant does not allow predetermined breaking points in the tip. The swirl transmission of the guide strip 3 integrated in the tip 2 'is also effected here, as in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, via passage openings 4 in the projectile body 1.

FIG. 6 shows a FAP projectile (Frangible Armor Piercing) with the tubular active body 1 of the ballistic tip 2 with predetermined breaking points 8, which is injection-connected via through-holes 4 to the active body. The tail plug 7 'with tracer 11 closes the active body at its rear end and at the same time absorbs the swirl transmission and sealing element 6 as a conventional guide band. A strangulation groove 12 in the rear stopper 7 allows the non-positive and positive connection with a standard cartridge case thirteenth

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Projectile, projectile shell, active body

2

ballistic tip

2 '

ballistic tip

3

Guide band, swirl transfer and sealing element

4

Through opening

5

thread

6

Swirl transmission and sealing element

7

Heck plug

7 '

rear end

8th

Along predetermined breaking points

9

Ogivenform

10

The End

11

tracer

12

Würgerille

13

cartridge case

14

Propellant charge moldings

15

Anzündtopf

16

Electric lighter

I

floor length

d ₁

Inner diameter

d ₂

Caliber inner diameter

Claims (14)

Full-caliber projectile with a projectile casing, a ballistic tip, a guide strip arranged on the projectile casing and a propellant charge, characterized by the following features: a) The guide band (3) is 35% to 45% of the projectile length I, starting from the front end of the ballistic tip (2), arranged on the projectile casing (1), b) the projectile is telescopically integrated in a propellant charge molding (14), wherein the propellant charge molding (14) in the area of the projectile nose (2) to the guide band (3) an inner diameter d ₁ adapted to the guide band and in the outer area of the same caliber bullet casing (1) the caliber diameter corresponding smaller inner diameter d ₂ , c) the projectile casing (1) is designed as a tubular end ballistic active body and is effective in the target explosive for fragmentation. Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide band (3) is formed as a swirl transfer and sealing element and preferably consists of fiber-reinforced plastic and with the forward ballistic tip (2) forms a unit and this with the tubular projectile body (1 ) is connected via passage openings (4) in the wall injection-positive and positive fit. Projectile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the swirl transfer and sealing element with the propellant shaped article (14) to achieve a certain Ausziehwiderstandes is positively connected by means of thread (5). Projectile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ballistic tip (2) is hollow and provided with predetermined breaking points. Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the end ballistic active body (1) consists of brittle tungsten heavy metal (WSM). Projectile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the effective mass fraction of the projectile on the total floor mass is 70% to 90% and the parasitic mass fraction to the total floor mass 30% to 10%. Projectile according to Claim 1, characterized in that the projectile casing (1) consists of non-effective or less effective material, preferably steel. Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the ballistic tip (2) made of plastic solid and the cavity of the tubular projectile body (1) is ejected to the rear end. Projectile according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the swirl transmission and sealing element (3) forms a separate component of suitable material and is non-positively connected to the ballistic tip (2). Projectile according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the ballistic tip (2) consists of a lightweight material and with the tubular projectile body (1) is positively and positively connected. Projectile according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the tubular projectile body (1) at the rear end with a rear stopper (7) is gas-tight and non-positively and positively closed. Projectile according to one of Claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the rear stopper (7) forms a unit with the tubular projectile body (1). Projectile according to Claim 11, characterized in that a tracer track (11) is integrated in the rear stopper. Projectile according to Claim 12, characterized in that the rear stopper accommodates the swirl transmission and sealing element and has a sting groove (12) for frictional connection to a cartridge case (13).

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