EP1031007B1 - Low-calibre shot gun bullet, especially for shot guns with a partially or fully distended barrel - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a sub-caliber shotgun barrel, especially for shotguns with partial or whole drawn barrel, which is received by a sabot.

Sub-caliber shotgun barrels with sabot, also sabot are mentioned, in particular with shotguns, in whole or in part drawn barrel because of better shot accuracy and larger target energy more and more preferred. Examples of such Storeys can be found in OS 24 44 181 and 17 03 119. After leaving the shotgun barrel, the sabot and Projectile, which then continues on its own to the target, while the sabot falls to the ground after a short flight. at the solution disclosed in OS 24 44 181 is the floor integrally formed.

A rifle projectile is described in US Pat. No. 2,324,346. which is fixed in a neck piece of a cartridge case. As usual, the cartridge case contains one primer and one Propellant charge. The projectile is penetrating lengthways Provide small diameter hole, which a needle-like stamp. This stamp has an aerodynamic Pointed and a head at the other end. Im labored Condition, the stamp does not protrude from the floor at the front out, d. that is, its tip is inside the hole, while his head is out of the floor in the propellant space protrudes. When the bullet is fired, the stamp is removed the propellant gases acting on his head are pushed into the floor, so that his head in a corresponding receptacle at the rear of the projectile and its tip in front of the projectile emerges, which, together with the storey arch, is aerodynamic Storey top forms. This is supposed to improve flight behavior of the projectile are improved. This floor structure is neither suitable, a buffering of the gas pressure peak after ignition of the Propellant charge to achieve a target ballistic mushrooming, as is desired for shotgun barrels.

FR-A-2 602 042 discloses a sub-caliber, arrow stabilized Shotgun barrel, which is housed in a sabot is. Such arrow-stabilized projectiles must have one have a certain length, the lighter wing stabilizer on End of the heavier projectile body is arranged. To this required To be able to achieve length, the stabilizing wings protrude usually in those filled with the propellant Cartridge space inside. After igniting the propellant charge the wings are often damaged, which negatively affects flight behavior of the projectile. This can cause this disadvantage be met that the projectile protrudes from the front of the cartridge leaves. However, such a construction is not suitable for automatic weapons. The one disclosed in FR-A-2 602 042

Further advantageous embodiments of this invention result itself from the subclaims.

At the beginning of the shot development, the one building up drifts Gas pressure the bullet core in the bullet jacket up to a stop forward and thus represents the final shape of the projectile ago. With the appropriate choice of materials, Projectile core and the projectile jacket the center of mass to the rear misplaces what when firing from shotguns with whole or partial drawn barrel guarantees good shot precision.

In the case of shotgun barrels, it is common to consider the relatively progressive propellant powder used deformable To use intermediate means between the actual Storey and the propellant charge are arranged and at the onset Gas pressure development can be compressed, causing the combustion chamber enlarged and thus the gas pressure peak reduced becomes. By moving the core together with the Sabot relative to that due to its inertia initially the projectile jacket remains in the projectile according to the invention achieved the same effect. So, when laboratorying, each according to the existing shell space, these storeys together with buffering or use non-buffering intermediate agents.

After making the final bullet shape must be guaranteed be that the dynamic pressure acting on the projectile trajectory does not push the core back. That can be taken for granted by setting an appropriate fit between the shell and the core are realized, so that the projectile core is in the projectile jacket at the end of its displacement is jammed. This clamping effect can, for example by knurling the core of the projectile, which is at a shot development more or less strongly in the inner wall of the bullet jacket "cracks".

Projectile this problem is solved in that the wing stabilizer in the labored state of the projectile on the projectile body is postponed, which leads to a reduction in length. After firing the shot and leaving the barrel first the sabot from the floor. Then shifts the wing stabilizer due to its greater air resistance on the projectile body to the rear, making the required Length of the projectile is made. A target ballistic In this solution, mushrooming is caused by the shape of the projectile body head only partially achieved and for buffering the Gas pressure peak after triggering the propellant charge are not precautions met.

The object of the present invention is a further, sub-caliber To provide shotgun barrel.

This task is solved by a sub-caliber shotgun barrel, especially for shotguns with partial or whole Drawn barrel with the features of claim 1.

A shotgun barrel designed according to the invention offers diverse possibilities to achieve a target ballistically desired Cross-sectional enlargement, also called mushrooming, of Reach projectile when entering a target medium. So is compressed just by hitting a target at home Bullet core achieved a mushrooming of the shell. A further improvement can be achieved by for the projectile jacket a softer material, e.g. B. copper, as for the storey core is chosen, which consist for example of steel can. To control the mushrooming behavior of the shell can also vary its wall thickness accordingly, or it predetermined kinks can be provided.

Another influence on a cross-sectional enlargement of the projectile can consist in that the inner surface of the shell and corresponding contours to the contour of the projectile core have by the impact and penetration of the target medium in terms of shape and size initiate controlled deformation of the projectile.

Furthermore, it is possible to the bow end of the shell to be open or hidden. The former causes one faster initiation of mushrooming. The hidden opening is delayed the deformation, but due to the better shape value has external ballistic Advantages and a greater depth effect in the target. Depending on the application, one or the other Use execution.

But even in the undeformed state has one according to the invention Projectile compared to the known Sabot projectiles in Diaboloform a 60% larger floor area and can, as far as the impact energy at 100m is concerned, with their measure the strongest laborations. Therefore, one according to the invention cuts Projectile also when judging by that of Taylor developed the KO formula well in comparison.

In an embodiment of the invention, the tip of the projectile head has essentially the shape of a slender cone. This Form is possible because the projectile head in the loaded state for most of it is buried in the shell. When the cartridge is loaded the tip of the projectile head does not protrude over it flanged sleeve mouth of the cartridge in front, so that the cartridges can be safely fired from guns with tube magazines.

In one embodiment of the invention, the projectile head lies at the end of the displacement of the projectile core with its outer circumference on the inner circumference of the shell, that is, the bow side The end face of the projectile is closed, the conical The tip of the projectile head protrudes beyond this end face. Through this training, the projectile has a ballistic favorable Shape. Its ballistic coefficient is now around 100% larger than that of conventional shotgun barrels with flat Head or, at best, hinted, small bullet tip. This means that compared to those projectiles of the same caliber and with roughly equal performance values at the mouth at a shooting distance of approx. 100 m a significantly higher one Impact energy, longer trajectory and less cross wind sensitivity be recorded. That is also an advantage formed by the front face of the shell Sharp edge, which delivers a caliber-sized shot.

The sub-caliber shotgun barrel according to the invention has the advantage over the known, so-called "Sabot" projectiles of the larger caliber (16 mm  in cal. 12) at about the same large ballistic coefficient. It is considered pollutant-free Floor designed. Should be a floor for special requirements from lead, this can be done without major Realize problems. Basically leave a change especially suitable materials and / or application of special processing methods, such as. Hardening of the projectile core when changed Form, the projectile also for special areas of application, such as e.g. the authority area, appear to be suitable.

The shotgun barrel according to the invention is particularly for use in fully or partially drawn shotgun barrels designed. Shooting from smooth shotgun barrels is not recommended. From drawn runs it takes up to 100 m good shot precision, high impact energy and one great willingness to deform. These are requirements that are in more and more recently, because in many countries the use of rifle cartridges when hunting the large danger zone is prohibited.

Fig. 1

ein in einer Patronenhülse laboriertes, unterkalibriges Flintenlaufgeschoß in Schnittdarstellung, mit ungeschnittenem Geschoßkern,

Fig. 2

das Flintenlaufgeschoß gemäß Fig. 1 nach der Schußentwicklung,

Fig. 3

eine Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1 mit einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Flintenlaufgeschosses,

Fig. 4

Das Flintenlaufgeschoß gemäß Fig. 3 nach der Schußentwicklung, und

Fig. 5

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Flintenlaufgeschosses in der Darstellung gemäß Fig. 2 bzw. 4.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments. In the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1

a sub-caliber shotgun barrel in section, with an uncut barrel core, labored in a cartridge case,

Fig. 2

the shotgun barrel according to FIG. 1 after the shot development,

Fig. 3

1 with a further embodiment of a shotgun barrel,

Fig. 4

3 after the shot development, and

Fig. 5

a further embodiment of a shotgun barrel in the representation according to FIGS. 2 and 4.

The shotgun barrel 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 consists of a cylindrical shell 2 made of copper and a slidably arranged storey core 3. This storey core 3 consists of a projectile shaft 8 and a projectile head 3.1, the projectile head 3.1 being a slender cone tip 4, a cylindrical section 5 and a rear, frustoconical Section 6 has. To record and manage the Projectile core 3, the projectile jacket 2 has a continuous, stepped Longitudinal bore 7. In its front, cylindrical section 7.1 is the projectile head 3.1 with its cylindrical Section 5 led, with appropriate play on the wall of the bore section 7.1 is present. The rear side is in the longitudinal bore 7, a conical transition 7.2 is provided, which is frustoconical Section 6 of the projectile head 3.1 form-fitting receives. The longitudinal bore 7 then goes to the conical Transition 7.2 reduced in a cylindrical section 7.3 Diameter above which a cylindrical section 7.4 with an enlarged diameter. The bullet head 3.1 is made of light metal or plastic.

The storey core 3 is in addition to its leadership in the section 7.1 of the shell 2 through a floor 8 with one attached to it or formed in one piece with it Bottom plate 9 guided and held. The storey shaft 8 and the Base plate 9 are made of steel or another material appropriate strength. It has a rear section 8.1 larger and a front section 8.2 smaller diameter.

In the end section 7.4 of the longitudinal bore 7 is a clamping disc 10 made of plastic with a central hole, through which the section 8.2 of the storey shaft 8 for mounting the Shotgun barrel 1 is passed through in a suitable manner Way to be connected to the projectile head 3.1. In this State (see FIG. 1), the paragraph lies between the sections 8. and 8.2 of the projectile shaft 8 on the clamping disk 10. By doing The above-described, assembled state becomes the shotgun barrel 1 inserted into a sabot 11 and together with this loaded into a cartridge case 12. The sabot 11 has one Bottom 11.1, of which, spread over its circumference, four fingers 11.2, which are separated by narrow longitudinal gaps 11.4 are separated. The fingers 11.2 enclose the circumference of the shell 2 and the base plate 9, which on the floor 11.1 of the sabot 11 sits. Furthermore, they embrace theirs claw-shaped, front ends 11.3 the bow end face 2.1 of the projectile shell 2 and thus fix it axially. The The sabot 11 is in turn flared 12.1 on the mouth the cartridge case 12 axially fixed. Fig. 1 shows the above Laboratory of the shotgun barrel 1 described above. This shows that the projectile head 3.1 in the loaded state is largely sunk in the shell 2 and not from the Cartridge case 12 protrudes. 1 is not shown firing pin end of the cartridge with propellant charge and Primer.

When the cartridge shown in Fig. 1 is fired, accelerates the one developing at the beginning of the shot development Gas pressure the sabot 11. This will flare the 12.1 Cartridge case 12 torn open, and the sabot 11 emerges from the Cartridge 14 in the shotgun barrel 13. Moved at the same time the storey core consisting of storey head 3.1 and storey shaft 8 3 forward while the projectile jacket 2 due to its Mass inertia initially remains in its rest position. there punched through the storey shaft 8 with its relatively sharp-edged Paragraph the clamping disc 10 and is subsequently through this clamped when the bottom plate 9 to the rear End face 2.2 of the shell 2 strikes. This is the final shape of the shotgun barrel 1 manufactured. This Shape is apparent from Fig. 2, which the shotgun barrel 1 at sabot 11 already dropped shows.

The distance a between the front end face 9.1 of the base plate 9 and the rear end face 2.2 of the shell 2 is equal to the distance b between the front end face 2.1 of the shell 2 and the base 4.1 of the cone tip 4 (see Fig. 1). This ensures that the projectile head 3.1 after the shot development with its cone tip 4 completely emerges from the projectile jacket 2. simultaneously then forms the base 4.1 of the cone tip 4, front end face 2.1 of the shell 2 at good ballistic shape of the shotgun barrel 1 a caliber-sized Sharp edge.

Another exemplary embodiment is shown in FIGS shown for a shotgun barrel 1. Same or equivalent Components have the same reference numerals in these figures as in the previous embodiment of the invention.

The shotgun barrel 1 shown also consists of a bullet jacket 2 made of copper, in which a bullet core 3 axially is slidably arranged. It is in a cartridge case 12 with labored a sabot 11. Because the arrangement of the shotgun barrel 1 in the sabot 11 and in the cartridge case 12 completely is identical to the arrangement according to FIG. 1, repetitions to avoid on the related, above Executions referenced.

The storey core 3 is made up of one floor from a storey head 3.1 and a projectile shaft 8 together, the projectile head 3.1 one after the other and starting from the beginning a slim tip 4 in Shape of a truncated cone, a cylindrical section 5 and has a frusto-conical section 6. On the frustoconical section 6 closes the projectile shaft 8 on. This consists of a section 6 of the Projectile head 3.1 adjacent, frustoconical transition part 8.3, which merges into a cylindrical section 8.4. At the The end of this cylindrical section 8.4 is in one piece with this a bottom plate 9 is formed. The cylindrical section 8.4 is provided with a knurling 15.

The projectile jacket 2 has a through hole 7 which rear of a cylindrical section 7.3 and bow from a flared conical section 7.4 consists. In this section 7.4 is the wall thickness of the shell 2 steadily decreased. It has its weakest point which represents a predetermined kink at the transition to a right angle inwardly bent collar 16 which has an opening 17 the diameter of the cylindrical section 7.3 of the through hole 7 releases.

The projectile core 3 is supported in the state of charge (Fig. 3) the cylindrical section 5 of the projectile head 3.1 and the upper End of the cylindrical section 8.4 of the projectile shaft 8 the inner wall of the cylindrical section 7.3 of the through hole 7 and is thereby fixed radially in the shell 2. Its axial fixing in the shell 2 takes place in the state of charge in that a short section of the knurling 15 of the Projectile shaft 8 in the through hole 7 of the projectile jacket 1 is depressed, as shown in Fig. 3. This makes a bullet jacket 2 and storey core 3 fixed against each other, which is reproducible Conditions for the processing of the shotgun barrel 1 brings.

In the case of a shot development, they play together with the above Embodiments explained processes from. The only difference consists in the fact that no holding disc 10 is provided here is, but that the knurling 15 of the projectile shaft 8 completely into the inner wall of the cylindrical section 7.3 insert the through hole 7 of the projectile shell 2, whereby a very firm bond between the storey core 3 and the shell 2 is made.

At the end of the shot development, the shotgun barrel 1 has the 4, final shape shown, the sabot 11th is already dropped. From this representation it can be seen that the Projectile jacket 2 is closed on the bow side, since the cylindrical Section 5 of the projectile head 3.1, the opening 17 of the collar 16 completely filled out. This training and the slim frustoconical Point 4 of the projectile head 3.1 give the shotgun barrel 1 good external ballistic properties.

But also the target ballistic properties of this shotgun barrel 1 are excellent. So it has a great depth effect with very good mushrooming (enlarged cross-section). When hitting a target, the collar 16 kinks at the predetermined kink to the inside, causing the shotgun barrel 1 to be at its bow end face 2.1 opens. When penetrating the As a result, the target medium can be located in the between the walls of the conical section 7.4 of the through hole 7, the frustoconical section 6 of the projectile head 3.1 and the conical transition section 8.3 of the storey shaft 8, press free space. This is favored by the after outside inclined wall of the conical section 7.4, the upper Edge area of the shell 2 turned outwards, i.e., the Floor cross section increases in the desired manner. About that also occurs due to the described mushrooming of the shell 2 the slender top 4 depending on the degree the deformation of the shell 2 seen relative to this in front. This causes in the target medium, supported by the swirl of the Shotgun barrel 1, a straight shot channel, so this shotgun barrel is 1 less than other bullets tends to face or stumble at the target.

5 is another embodiment of an inventive Shotgun barrel 1 analogous to Figures 2 and 4 shown. On a representation of the laboratory in a cartridge case was dispensed with, since this is completely identical to FIG. 4 is.

In the shotgun barrel 1 shown in Fig. 5 there is only difference to the floor of the above embodiment in that the collar 16 on the bow end face 2.1 was omitted. The shell 2 is here on his Bow side open from the beginning. Because of this training occurs the expansion of the shell 2 in the target without delay on, so it is larger than in the previous embodiment. This target ballistic advantage is bought with a less depth effect and external ballistic disadvantages (air resistance, Trajectory).

Claims (12)

1. A low calibre shotgun bullet, especially for shot guns with a partially or fully distended barrel which is accommodated in a drive cage, having a bullet jacket (2) with an axial bored hole (7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4) into which is fed a bullet core (3) which consists of a bullet head (3.1) with an aerodynamically shaped point, behind which is connected a bullet shank (8) which terminates in a base plate (9), where before the shot is fired the bullet head (3.1) is located substantially within the bullet jacket (2) and the bullet shank (8) protrudes from the rear end of the bullet jacket (2), whilst immediately after the shot is fired the bullet jacket (2) and the bullet core (3) are displaced relative to one another such that the point (4) of the bullet head (3.1) comes out from the bullet jacket, with this movement being limited by the base plate (9) of the bullet shank (8 ) hitting the rear end of the bullet jacket (2), and the ballistically favourable external shape of the bullet achieved is held at least during the flight stage.
2. A low calibre shotgun bullet, in accordance with Claim 1, characterised by the bullet shank (8) having its circumference jammed in the bullet jacket (2) at the end of the displacement of the bullet core (3), and thus the definitive form of the bullet produced is stabilised at least until it hits a target.
3. A low calibre shotgun bullet, in accordance with Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised by the bullet core (3) consisting at least partially of a harder material than the bullet jacket (2).
4. A low calibre shotgun bullet, in accordance with Claim 3, characterised by the bullet core (3) consisting at least partially of steel and the bullet jacket (2) of copper.
5. A low calibre shotgun bullet, in accordance with one of the Claims 3 or 4, characterised by the bullet shank (8) consisting of steel and the bullet head (3.1) of light alloy or plastic.
6. A low calibre shotgun bullet, in accordance with one of the Claims 2 to 5, characterised by the bullet head (3.1) having a point (4) in the shape of a slim cone, and in the loading position being sunk for the greater part in the bullet jacket (2).
7. A low calibre shotgun bullet, in accordance with Claim 6, characterised by the distance (a) between the opposing faces (9.1, 2.2) of the base plate (9) and of the bullet jacket (2) being equal to the immersion depth (b) of the point (4) of the bullet head (3.1) in the bullet jacket (2).
8. A low calibre shotgun bullet, in accordance with one of the forgoing Claims 2 to 7, characterised by the bullet head (3.1) sealing the nose-end face (2.1) of the bullet jacket with its outer circumference at the end of the displacement of the bullet core (3).
9. A low calibre shotgun bullet, in accordance with one of the forgoing Claims 2 to 7, characterised by there being an annular gap, open at the nose-end face, between the inner wall of the bullet jacket (2) and at the outer wall of the bullet head (3.1) at least at the end of (the displacement of the bullet core (3).
10. A low calibre shotgun bullet, in accordance with one of the forgoing claims, characterised by the fact that to control the deformation characteristics of the bullet jacket (2), its material and/or wall thickness varies and/or predetermined buckling points are provided.
11. A low calibre shotgun bullet, in accordance with one of the forgoing claims, characterised by the fact that to control the deformation characteristics of the bullet jacket (2), undercuts are provided in the bullet core (3).
12. A low calibre shotgun bullet, in accordance with one of the forgoing Claims 2 to 11, characterised by the fact that to control the deformation characteristics of the bullet head (3.1), its material and /or design (solid or hollow) is varied.

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