EP1644589B9 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum auffangen von frischwasser - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum auffangen von frischwasser Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1644589B9
EP1644589B9 EP04767334A EP04767334A EP1644589B9 EP 1644589 B9 EP1644589 B9 EP 1644589B9 EP 04767334 A EP04767334 A EP 04767334A EP 04767334 A EP04767334 A EP 04767334A EP 1644589 B9 EP1644589 B9 EP 1644589B9
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Prior art keywords
duct
tank
fresh water
water
spring
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EP04767334A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1644589B1 (de
EP1644589A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Becker
Thierry Carlin
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NYMPHEA ENVIRONNEMENT
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Nymphea Water
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/06—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from underground

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of capturing fresh water from an underwater freshwater source.
  • the present invention also relates to a freshwater collection device and a process for placing a freshwater collection device at the bottom of the sea. These freshwater springs are resurgences of freshwater underwater at the bottom of the sea.
  • a reservoir structure with concavity directed downwards covering the source of fresh water, and in which the fresh water is trapped in the upper part thanks to its lower density than that of seawater.
  • This structure is open at its base to allow the evacuation of sea water and / or filling with fresh water.
  • the catchment method and device must make it possible to avoid the mixing of fresh and sea water, so that pure fresh water is collected.
  • the hydraulic pressure at the flow orifice of the freshwater source is related to the height of the wafer above said orifice, c that is to say at the depth of the orifice at the rate of 1 bar per ten meters of depth. This hydraulic pressure is independent of the natural flow rate of the source.
  • FR 2 701 974 are specially adapted for freshwater catchment along the coasts and can not be used for offshore sources at the bottom of the sea and far away from the coast. In any case, these methods and devices of capture do not make it possible to avoid the mixture of the sea salt water and the fresh water during its capture.
  • the open base of the tank is moored at the bottom of the sea at a distance from the bottom, thus facilitating the installation of the device in case of crowded environment of the seabed such as rocks or rugged terrain. Under these conditions, however, it is not practical in practice to avoid the mixing of sea water and fresh water inside the tank.
  • the open base of the tank conforms to the seabed in a sealed manner, so as to avoid the mixing of seawater and freshwater after the initial emptying phase of the tank initially filled with seawater
  • non-return valves allowing the evacuation of the water in case of increase of the flow rate of the source, thus avoiding causing excessive hydraulic overpressure at the level of the source.
  • the increases in flow are such that one is obliged to provide a very large number of valves.
  • these valves are relatively fragile mechanical devices, calibrated for a given flow, and which further increase the cost of the device. These methods and capture devices are therefore not satisfactory both economically and technically.
  • the catchment device is not easy to install when the seabed, near the source, is uneven because, in this case, it is difficult to ensure the seal between the seabed and the sea. the open base of the reservoir which represents a relatively large diameter.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide freshwater collection methods and devices which are simple and inexpensive to produce and install, which operate in a technically reliable manner over time and which combine the advantages of absence of mixing. sea water and fresh water and no risk of excessive hydraulic overpressure at the source, so as to avoid causing irremediable damage in the natural duct, and which do not require a contribution d energy, especially by pumping.
  • the present invention provides a method for capturing fresh water from an underwater freshwater source at the seabed according to claim 1.
  • the fresh water is harvested at the end of said second conduit at a rate corresponding to the average flow rate of said freshwater source.
  • the height H and the dimensions of the first duct are therefore determined as a function of ⁇ PS.
  • said length 1 is greater than or equal to H.
  • the tolerated hydraulic overpressure ( ⁇ PS) at the source is less than or equal to 0.1 bar (10 4 Pa).
  • the present invention provides a freshwater capture device from an underwater freshwater source for a process according to claim 5.
  • the present invention also provides a process for placing a freshwater catching device in the seabed according to claim 15.
  • the methods and the device for capturing fresh water according to the invention are advantageous for several reasons.
  • the method and device according to the invention make it possible to capture the fresh water with a flow rate of freshwater uptake that is substantially constant, without the risk of excessive overpressure and thus avoiding any hydrogeological disturbance of the source that may result therefrom, and this, in the absence of mechanical means (s) flow control inside said first and second conduits such as evacuation check valves, especially at the junction of said first and second ducts or at the tank level.
  • the method and device according to the invention make it possible to regulate the flow taken from the source and the hydraulic load from the source to its output, regardless of its natural flow, avoiding the risk of intrusion of salt water into the delivery pipe ashore through said second pipe in case of excessive pumping, and this by means of regulation based on a principle hydraulic and non-mechanical and therefore in the absence of the implementation of additional mechanical control means.
  • the adjustment of the height H of the interface has a direct influence on the flow passing through said second duct t 2 , as well as on the value of the overpressure generated on the source.
  • the pressure drops P 1 in said first pipe t 1 are related to the geometry and, of course, to the state of the surface of the constituent material of the inner wall of said ducts, as well as to the speed of the water flowing in said first pipe.
  • the H value remains constant. However, in the event of accidental removal greater than the natural flow rate of the source, the level of fresh water in the upper part of said first conduit will drop and pass under the lower end of said second conduit t 2 , which will have the effect of bring air into said second conduit t 2 3 and not salt water because the system is momentarily defused.
  • said tank is lowered to the bottom of the sea, empty of air and thus filled with seawater, and when it is positioned above the upper end of said first conduit t 1 , it injects the air inside the tank and it is the amount of air injected into said tank that adjusts the height H.
  • the tightness at the lower end of said first conduit is obtained by ensuring that the perimeter of the conduit matches the contour of the relief of the seabed at the source.
  • Said first duct may be moored at the bottom of the sea by ballast or a peripheral ring at the bottom.
  • the first pipe t 1 extends over a height of water preferably greater than the altitude of the relief of the seabed, in the immediate vicinity of the source and / or obstacles and congestion, natural or not , such as mainly rocks.
  • the open base of the tank can thus be moored to the bottom of the sea and / or said first pipe, cleared at a distance above the source and, in particular, above said relief and / or objects, natural or not , in the area of the source.
  • a freshwater catchment system was designed to harvest fresh water from the so-called "Mortola” spring in Italy between Menton and Ventimiglia.
  • This source has an average fresh water flow of 100 1 / s.
  • Hydrogeologists have determined that the maximum permissible hydraulic overpressure for this source is 0.1 bar.
  • This source is located at a depth of 36 m and its orifice comes out at the foot of boulders from a height of 5 m. It is located 800 m from the coast.
  • first conduit t 1 2 with a total height of 7 m, having a tubular running portion with circular section with a diameter of 0.4 m.
  • Said first conduit t 1 2 is terminated at its lower end 2 1 by a downwardly flared funnel and whose lower end forms a circle 1.3 m in diameter, so as to come to surround said source in view of the geometry of the outlet orifice of said source.
  • This first lower funnel 2 1 consists of a rigid sheet, plastic or metal, surrounding the circular end of the running portion of said first conduit t 1 2 at its lower end.
  • Said lower funnel 21 represents a height of 4 m.
  • Said first conduit t 1 2 comprises, in its upper part, a second funnel 2 2 of small and large bases with circular sections, also made by winding a metal sheet or thermoformed plastic, surrounding the upper end portion of said first leads.
  • This flared upward shape of the upper part of said first duct aims to facilitate the discharge of the excess flow of fresh water from the source inside the tank 4.
  • the open bottom base of the first funnel 2 1 is integral with a base 8 resting at the bottom of the sea and surrounding the source. It may also be surrounded by a roll of sand or concrete or other circumferential ballast ensuring sealing with the seabed.
  • the current portion of said first pipe t 1 2 may consist of a flexible or rigid pipe. It is arranged vertically above said source.
  • Said tank 4 consists of a rigid upper envelope 4 1 traversed at its center by a second conduit t 2 3, preferably rigid, with a diameter of 0.4 m.
  • the rigid casing constitutive of the upper portion of said container 4 forms a hemispherical cap 4 1 of diameter 1.8 m and extended at its base by a frustoconical surface hereinafter referred cone 4 2 2 m height surrounding said first conduit . It is the open base of said cone 4 2 which lets out the excess fresh water in case of flood of the source.
  • the base of the cone 4 2 is moored by mooring means 7 1 to said first conduit t 1 2, so that the base of said cone is located at a height of 5 m from the seabed.
  • the presence of the cone 4 2 is optional. It is possible to moor the base of the cap 4 1 directly to said first conduit.
  • the portion of said second conduit t 2 3 located inside said reservoir 4 has a length of 1 m.
  • the height H between the air-water interface 6 inside the reservoir 4 and the air-water interface at the upper end of said upper funnel 2 2 of said first conduit t 1 2 is 0.2 m.
  • the lower end 3 1 of said second conduit t 2 3 comprises at its periphery gussets or webs 9 which serve as reinforcements and centering of said lower end of the second conduit inside said funnel 2 1 at the upper end of said first leads.
  • a flowmeter 10 has been represented at approximately halfway up the said first duct. It is the characteristics of this flowmeter 10 which have justified the use of a portion of said first duct t 1 2 which is narrower at this level for adapt it to the flowmeter 10 that was available.
  • reinforcement elements 7 1 have also been fitted, which also serve as bolting anchors on a base 8 sealingly surrounding the orifice of the source 1.
  • the flow rate passing through said pipe t 2 by the path C 2 remains about the average flow of 100 1 / s, while the flow rate of the fresh water passing through the path C 1 in the annular space between the lower end of said second pipe t 2 and the upper end of said first pipe t 1 , is 400 l / s maximum in general.
  • the fresh water overflows from the upper end of said first conduit t 1 2 and flows into the air along the outer wall of said first upper funnel 2 1 and then arrives in the salt water, which has the effect of hunting, by the lower part of the tank, a quantity of fresh water so that the volume of compressed air 5 contained in the tank 4 remains constant and the height H.
  • the fresh water passes into said second conduit t 2 3 flowing at the average flow rate of the source of 100 l / s in view of the dimensioning of said first pipe and the determination of the value H d on the one hand, and the fact that the maximum hydraulic overpressure tolerated by the source is 0.1 bar.
  • H mass volume of fresh water
  • the "resistance" encountered by the fresh water to flow through the pipe t 2 is equal to the pressure losses generated by its flow in said pipe t 2, but is calculated in a conventional manner as a function of diameter, the length of said pipe t 2 and the flow rate.
  • the rigid envelope 4 1 and the cone 4 2 constituting said reservoir 4 may be made of a plastic material, a composite material or steel.
  • This freshwater collection system can operate, as mentioned above, without a pump since the fresh water, due to its lower density than seawater, naturally rises to the surface.
  • the altitude level at which said second conduit t 2 3 emerges must be sufficiently below sea level to at least compensate the pressure drops in the pipe t 2 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zum Auffangen von Süßwasser aus einer unterseeischen Süßwasserquelle (1) am Meeresgrund, bei dem das Süßwasser in einer ersten Leitung (2) gesammelt wird, deren unteres Ende (21) gegenüber der Quelle angeordnet ist und wenigstens einen Teil der Öffnung der Quelle, vorzugsweise die gesamte Öffnung der Quelle dicht umschließt, das Süßwasser in einer Menge kleiner oder gleich einer vorgegebenen Menge in eine zweite Leitung (3) gefördert wird, deren Durchmesser kleiner als derjenige der ersten Leitung ist, wobei das obere Ende (32) der zweiten Leitung an der Oberfläche ausmündet, und wenn die Menge der Quelle die vorgegebene Menge überschreitet, man den Mengenüberschuß der Quelle von dem oberen Ende (22) der ersten Leitung aus in einen Luft enthaltenden Behälter (4) mit geöffneter Unterseite überlaufen läßt, wobei der Behälter die enthaltene Luft oberhalb einer in dem Behälter befindlichen Wasser-Luft-Schnittstelle (6) einschließt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich das untere Ende (31) der zweiten Leitung (3) innerhalb des oberen Teils der ersten Leitung erstreckt und daß sich das obere Ende (22) der ersten Leitung oberhalb der Ebene der Wasser-Luft-Schnittstelle (6) in dem Behälter befindet.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Süßwasser am Ende der zweiten Leitung in einer der durchschnittlichen Menge der Süßwasserquelle (1) entsprechenden Menge gefördert wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Länge (1) der zweiten Leitung innerhalb der ersten Leitung größer als die oder gleich der Höhe (H) des oberen Endes (22) der ersten Leitung oberhalb der Ebene der Wasser-Luft-Schnittstelle (6) in dem Behälter ist.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe (H) und die erste Leitung (2) derart sind, daß: ρ 1 × g × H + G + P 1 ≤ ΔPS
    Figure imgb0011
    • ρ1 = volumenbezogene Masse des Süßwassers,
    • g = 9,81 m/s2,
    • P1 = Druckverlust in der ersten Leitung bis zum unteren Ende der zweiten Leitung, wenn das Süßwasser in der vorgegebenen Menge, insbesondere durchschnittlichen Strömungsmenge der Quelle fließt,
    • ΔPS = seitens der Süßwasserquelle tolerierbarer hydraulischer Grenzüberdruck. Es handelt sich um einen bekannten oder für jede Quelle festlegbaren Wert, wobei ΔPS vorzugsweise kleiner oder gleich 104 Pa ist.
    • G = Verstärkung des hydrostatischen Auftriebs, die mit dem Phänomen des Ersetzens des Gewichts der Meerwassersäule durch das Gewicht der Süßwassersäule in der ersten Leitung verbunden ist.
  5. Vorrichtung zum Auffangen von Süßwasser aus einer unterseeischen Süßwasserquelle (1) für ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, die folgendes umfaßt:
    - eine erste Leitung (2), die gegenüber der Quelle (1) angeordnet ist, wobei ihr unteres Ende (21) die Quelle ganz oder teilweise dicht umschließt und der Durchmesser ihres unteren Endes (21) diesem ermöglicht, die Quelle ganz oder teilweise zu bedecken, und
    - eine zweite Leitung (3), wobei der Durchmesser ihres unteren Teils (31) kleiner ist als der des oberen Teils (22) der ersten Leitung (2), sowie
    - einen Behälter (4) mit geöffneter Unterseite, welcher geeignet ist, mit der zweiten Leitung (3) zusammenzuwirken, das obere Ende (22) der ersten Leitung (2) ist von dem Behälter (4) bedeckt und mündet in diesen über seine geöffnete Unterseite, wobei die massive Wand des Behälters dicht ist, so daß Luft zwischen der genannten Wand des Behälters und dem Wasserspiegel innerhalb des Behälters eingeschlossen werden kann, und auf diese Weise eine Wasser-Luft-Schnittstelle (6) erhalten wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das untere Ende (31) der zweiten Leitung (3) in den oberen Teil der ersten Leitung (2) eingetaucht ist und das obere Ende der ersten Leitung (2) oberhalb der Ebene der Wasser-Luft-Schnittstelle (6) in dem Behälter (4) gelegen ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie erste Mittel (71) zum Verankern der ersten Leitung am Meeresgrund und/oder an einem auf dem Meeresgrund aufliegenden Sockel (8) aufweist sowie zweite Mittel (72) zum Verankern der zweiten Leitung und/oder des Behälters, die bzw. der somit am Meeresgrund und/oder an der ersten Leitung festgemacht ist (sind).
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Behälter (4) mit der zweiten Leitung fest verbunden ist und diese dicht umschließt.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Behälter (4) einen Mantel (41) aufweist, der von der zweiten Leitung (3) auf dichte Weise durchgriffen ist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mantel (41) in seinem oberen Teil die Form einer im wesentlichen halbkugelförmigen Kappe oder einer Glocke aufweist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Mittel zum Einspritzen von Druckluft in den Behälter umfaßt.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der obere Teil der ersten Leitung (2), welcher den unteren Teil der zweiten Leitung (3) umgibt, in Form eines Trichters (22) erweitert ist, dessen kleine Basis unten liegt.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchmesser der ersten Leitung im Bereich des unteren Endes der zweiten Leitung derart ist, daß die Ringfläche zwischen den zwei Leitungen, nämlich der ersten und der zweiten, in diesem Bereich größer als die oder gleich der Fläche des Querschnitts der ersten Leitung ist.
  13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Leitung direkt an die Oberfläche nach oben verläuft, vorzugsweise im wesentlichen vertikal, und das Süßwasser an der Oberfläche gewonnen und vorzugsweise mittels eines Schiffes an Land transportiert wird.
  14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Leitung (3) wieder hinabsinken und auf dem Meeresgrund aufliegen kann, um wieder zur Küste zu gelangen, und so das Wasser zur Küste zu befördern, vorzugsweise dadurch, daß sie an Land in einer Höhe unter dem Meeresspiegel ausmündet.
  15. Verfahren zum Anbringen einer Süßwasserauffangvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 14 am Meeresgrund, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die folgenden Schritte durchgeführt werden, bei denen:
    1) die erste Leitung (2) oberhalb der unterseeischen Süßwasserquelle (1) angebracht wird und die erste Leitung am Meeresgrund verankert wird (71), derart, daß das untere Ende der ersten Leitung die gesamte Süßwasserquelle oder einen Teil derer dicht umschließt, und
    2) die zweite Leitung und der Behälter (4) auf den Meeresgrund hinabgelassen werden, die am Meeresgrund und/oder an der ersten Leitung (2) festgemacht werden (72), derart, daß das untere Ende der zweiten Leitung (3) innerhalb des oberen Teils (22) der ersten Leitung (2) enthalten ist, und
    3) Luft in den Behälter (4) eingespritzt wird, um eine Wasser-Luft-Schnittstelle (6) unterhalb des oberen Endes der ersten Leitung zu erhalten, so daß sich das obere Ende der ersten Leitung in einer Höhe (H) von der Wasser-Luft-Schnittstelle (6) in dem Behälter befindet.
EP04767334A 2003-07-08 2004-06-11 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum auffangen von frischwasser Expired - Lifetime EP1644589B9 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CY20091100155T CY1108760T1 (el) 2003-07-08 2009-02-11 Μεθοδος και διαταξη συλλογης γλυκου υδατος

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0308308A FR2857389B1 (fr) 2003-07-08 2003-07-08 Procede et dispositif de captage d'eau douce
PCT/FR2004/001471 WO2005014941A1 (fr) 2003-07-08 2004-06-11 Procede et dispositif de captage d'eau douce

Publications (3)

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EP1644589A1 EP1644589A1 (de) 2006-04-12
EP1644589B1 EP1644589B1 (de) 2008-11-12
EP1644589B9 true EP1644589B9 (de) 2008-12-31

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EP04767334A Expired - Lifetime EP1644589B9 (de) 2003-07-08 2004-06-11 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum auffangen von frischwasser

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EP (1) EP1644589B9 (de)
AT (1) ATE414200T1 (de)
CY (1) CY1108760T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004017734D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2315693T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2857389B1 (de)
PT (1) PT1644589E (de)
WO (1) WO2005014941A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1911893A1 (de) 2006-10-13 2008-04-16 Joel Fontaine Auffangsystem für Wasserquellen im Meer
FR2926569A1 (fr) * 2008-01-23 2009-07-24 Michel Peril Procede et dispositif de captation d'eau douce sous-marine
EP2245234A2 (de) * 2008-01-23 2010-11-03 Michel Peril Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zapfen von frischem untersee-meerwasser
FR2926570B1 (fr) * 2008-01-23 2010-04-02 Michel Peril Procede et dispositif de captation d'eau douce sous-marine
GR1006748B (el) * 2009-01-02 2010-04-08 Αναργυρος Δημητριου Μανος Συστημα ανυψωσεως γλυκου υδατος απο αναβλυζουσες πηγες εντος του βυθου της θαλασσης με ταυτοχρονη παραγωγη ενεργειας
FR2995932B1 (fr) 2012-09-21 2014-10-31 Nymphea Environnement Procede et dispositif de collecte d'un fluide sous marin leger tel que de l'eau douce ou des hydrocarbures
FR3100807B1 (fr) 2019-09-13 2021-10-08 Ifp Energies Now Procédé et système de dessalement avec une étape d’osmose retardée et une étape d’osmose inverse
FR3136795B1 (fr) 2022-06-16 2024-06-21 Ifp Energies Now Système et procédé de captage d’eau de sources sous-marines et ou côtières avec bassin de débordement

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2701974A1 (fr) 1993-02-26 1994-09-02 Therond Patrick Procédé et dispositif de captage de résurgences sous-marines d'eau douce.
FR2785001B3 (fr) * 1998-10-21 2001-01-12 Hydro Logic Dispositif de captage de resurgences sous-marines d'eau douce
FR2792664A1 (fr) * 1999-04-26 2000-10-27 Eric Gilli Procede et dispositif de captage d'eau douce au niveau d'un exutoire karstique
FR2795109B1 (fr) 1999-06-18 2001-09-07 Geocean Solmarine Procede et dispositif de detection, localisation et captage de source d'eau douce en mer

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ES2315693T3 (es) 2009-04-01
FR2857389B1 (fr) 2005-10-14
EP1644589B1 (de) 2008-11-12
FR2857389A1 (fr) 2005-01-14
WO2005014941A1 (fr) 2005-02-17
ATE414200T1 (de) 2008-11-15
PT1644589E (pt) 2009-02-16
DE602004017734D1 (de) 2008-12-24
CY1108760T1 (el) 2014-04-09
EP1644589A1 (de) 2006-04-12

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