Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
  • C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
  • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
  • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
  • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
  • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
  • C04B41/5076—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with masses bonded by inorganic cements
  • C04B41/5089—Silica sols, alkyl, ammonium or alkali metal silicate cements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
  • C09D1/06—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances cement
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
  • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
  • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a fire protection device for the protection of walls or structures, or the production of a protective enclosure .
• This fire protection device is particularly well suited to the protection of partitions, for example of walls of buildings requiring special thermal protection, or also to the protection of the roof of road or rail tunnels.
• This device can also be used for the protection of metal beams used, in particular, in the field of construction.
• This device can finally be used for the realization of gutters forming cable trays, or cabins for the protection of people or equipment.
• the materials used in the building sector have different thermal insulation properties, which are generally measured using the conductivity coefficient ⁇ . Concrete therefore has a coefficient ⁇ of 1.4 watt.m "1. ° C " 1 .
• Cement mortar has a coefficient ⁇ of 1.2, plaster a coefficient ⁇ of 0.40 and wood a coefficient ⁇ of 0.35.
• Polystyrene has a coefficient ⁇ of 0.05.
• polystyrene is not stable above 200 ° C and gives off toxic vapors when consumed.
• Plaster has an interesting insulation coefficient.
• it has poor resistance to humidity and when subjected to fire, it releases the water it contains, which ensures a fire retardance by vaporization.
• a partition made of plaster or the plaster covering of a partition no longer holds.
• fire protection devices comprising an insulating coating, covering the structure to be protected, itself covered by a surface coating forming, under the action of a rise in temperature, an intumescent material, improving the insulation. thermal.
• a fire protection device limits the conduction of heat between the face of the structure subjected to a rise in temperature, for example due to a fire, and the other face of the structure.
• Document FR 2 813 882 relates to a fire protection device for the protection of walls or structures comprising a coating based on cement, chalk, silica, hollow insulating materials and at least one element improving the resistance to humidity, and on the other hand a surface hardener consisting of a transparent aqueous solution of mineral salts in basic medium.
• the protection provided by this device is only effective with respect to thermal conduction, by delaying the elevation of the structure which it equips. However, the temperature gradually increases, which ultimately results in destruction of the protection device, and a lack of protection of the structure.
• The> ( technical problem underlying the invention is the realization '.i of a fire stop device which, in the absence of fire or rise in temperature, resists humidity and corrosion due to various agents: chemical, which resists a rapid rise in temperature and which stabilizes the surface temperature of the wall or structure to be protected, when the temperature increases on the side of the device.
• the device can withstand a rapid rise in temperature, for example a rise in temperature of between 1,200 and 1,400 ° C, in three minutes, as can happen in the case of a hydrocarbon fire
• the fire stop device which it relates to, comprises an insulating composition intended to cover the structure to be protected or to delimit a protective enclosure, covered by a surface coating comprising a mixture of potassium and lithium silicates and fine aluminum particles
• the surface coating does not change.
• the aluminum particles it contains behaves like a mirror and reflects about 50% of the heat received by radiation. It should be noted that in this temperature range, the radiation is mainly in the infrared range.
• the thickness of the composition must therefore be adjusted as a function of the desired equilibrium temperature, which varies according to the nature of the structure: concrete, steel, or the materials to be protected.
• the device according to the invention provides protection of a structure against a rise in temperature by limiting the transmission of heat by radiation, by convection and by conduction.
• the aluminum particles have the form of lamellae. It is advantageous for the aluminum particles to be in the form of strips, to ensure continuity of the covering of the coating, in the manner of flaking.
• the aluminum strips have a thickness of the order of 0.2 ⁇ m and an average dimension (length and width) of between 10 and 15 ⁇ m, preferably 13 ⁇ m.
• the aluminum constituting the particles is stabilized aluminum, to resist basic pH.
• the surface coating comprises approximately
• the surface coating comprises a suspending agent, ensuring the stability of the solution during spraying onto the insulating composition.
• This suspending agent aims to ensure stability of the solution because, in its absence, rapid settling of the aluminum particles would occur.
• the thickness of the coating layer is less than or equal to 1 mm. It should be noted that it is not necessary for the coating layer to be thick, the important thing being that it adheres perfectly to the insulating composition, remains stable at high temperatures between 1,000 and 1,500 ° C, and acts as a mirror to reflect a significant part of the heat flux.
• the coating layer is deposited on an insulating composition which comprises the following elements: gray cement, chalk, silica, hollow insulating materials, and agent improving the resistance to humidity.
• the insulating composition comprises a hydraulic binder comprising the following elements: sulfoaluminous clinker, ground gypsum, lithium carbonate, borax or trisodium citrate.
• the hydraulic binder has the following composition: - sulfo-aluminous clinker: 75% - ground gypsum: 25% - lithium carbonate: 0.5 to 1% o - borax or trisodium citrate: 2 to 5% o
• This hydraulic binder can be used in combination with gray cement or as a replacement for all or part of it.
• the insulating composition comprises on the one hand, a mixture in substantially equal parts of gray cement and of the hydraulic binder constituted by the following elements: clinker sulfo-aluminous, ground gypsum, lithium carbonate, borax or trisodium citrate and on the other hand, the following elements: chalk, silica, hollow insulating materials and agent improving resistance to humidity.
• the insulating composition comprises the following elements: sulfoaluminous clinker, ground gypsum, lithium carbonate, borax or trisodium citrate, chalk, silica, hollow insulating materials and agent improving the resistance to humidity.
• the use of the hydraulic binder previously defined makes it possible to benefit, in the case of an implementation in the form of a plaster, of a time of use of one hour , fully cured after about two hours, without cracking since the shrinkage is very low.
• this binder improves the water retention which promotes the fire resistance of the composition.
• This coating contains at least one element of rheology and adhesiveness, which can be constituted by cellulose ether.
• Gray cement acts as a hydraulic binder and has good resistance to humidity.
• Chalk constitutes a decarboxylation agent, allowing the formation of CO 2 during a rise in temperature.
• the silica ensures the hardness of the insulating composition as well as its resistance to high temperature.
• the insulating composition contains hollow insulating materials constituted by a mixture of glass microspheres (noblite), with a diameter of the order of 50 to 60 ⁇ , and spheres of expanded baked silica (perlite) of a diameter of the order of 500 to 600 ⁇ .
• These hollow insulating materials lighten the product while allowing air to be retained. These materials make it possible to load the product without using fibers, which promotes the conditions for smoothing the coating.
• the insulating composition contains an element improving its intrinsic resistance and its resistance to humidity, consisting of a siliconate fixed on a porous filler, such as silica.
• the plaster has 988 parts by weight of the following composition: - gray cement and / or hydraulic binder 450 - chalk 50 - silica 350 - hollow materials 80 - expanded baked silica 30 - siliconate 25 - cellulose ether 3
• the composition is used in the form of a coating, it is in the form of a powder having an apparent density of 0.7 kg.l "1. This powder is mixed with water to obtain a density of 1, 1 kg.l '1.
• the Ph of the paste is of the order of 13.
• the intrinsic resistance to tearing of the dry plaster is approximately 5 bars.
• the plaster is applied to the support whose protection is to be carried out
• the thickness of the layer of insulating coating varies and can be of the order of 1.5 cm for a structure in steel, and go up to 5 cm for a structure concrete such as a tunnel vault.
• the coating layer comprising a mixture of potassium silicate and fine aluminum particles is sprayed onto the coating.
• this device is made from elements molded from the insulating composition produced with the hydraulic binder defined above, without gray cement.
• the molded elements consist of sections of troughs and sections of lids, the ends of which have complementary interlocking profiles with a view to obtaining a continuous gutter whose wall thickness is constant.
• Figure 1 represents curves of evolution of the temperature
• Figure 2 is a perspective view of a gutter
• Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of several parts of this channel
• Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of this channel, along line IV-IV of Figure 2.
• Figure 1 shows five curves indicating the evolution of the temperature as a function of time on the side of the structure to be protected, in the case of five protection devices whose coating thicknesses vary from 1 to 5 cm, the curves being considered from top to bottom.
• the coating which was used is that described above.
• the heating temperature is between 1,000 and 1,100 ° C with a rise in accordance with the "increased hydrocarbon fire" rule, except in the case of the lower curve (dotted line), for which the heating temperature rises to 1380 ° C. It is interesting to note that in all cases, a temperature stabilization is obtained.
• the line indicated in phantom at 250 ° C on the graph corresponds to the temperature not to be exceeded at the level of a concrete structure. It is clear from these curves that the desired equilibrium temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the coating layer.
• Figures 2 to 4 show a channel, made from prefabricated elements obtained by molding the insulating composition in which the hydraulic binder does not contain gray cement.
• a channel 2 is made from sections 3 of the trunking and sections 4 of the cover.
• Each trunking section comprises, at one of its ends, and over substantially half of its thickness, a part 5 in the shape of a tenon, intended to penetrate into a complementary recess 6 formed in the end of the adjacent trunking section.
• the cover sections 4 have a central part 7 intended to engage the chute, the central part having a thickness equal to the thickness of the walls of the chute, in order to maintain a constant thickness of material over all the periphery of the gutter.
• the ends of the cover sections also have recesses 8 in the thickness direction, in order to allow an interlocking of the ends of two cover sections, to ensure a constant thickness of the cover.
• the molded elements can also be constituted by tiles, the edges of which have recesses allowing their assembly to neighboring tiles, these tiles being able to be used for the construction of a protective volume intended, for example for individuals, in tunnels, or for equipment to be protected against temperature rise, especially in the event of fire.
• the glue used for assembling the prefabricated elements can consist of the binder itself, which does not contain a plasticizer.
• the invention brings a great improvement to the existing technique, by providing a fire protection device, of simple structure, ensuring very effective protection of the structure, not only by limiting the thermal conduction through the device, but also and above all by reflecting light and heat, this reflection possibly affecting around 80% of the heat flux developed by a heat source such as a fire.
• the invention is not limited to the sole composition of the fire protection device, described above by way of example, it also on the contrary embraces all variants.
• the surface coating could be deposited on another insulating coating, without departing from the scope of the invention.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)

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• 2003
  • 2003-07-09 FR FR0308406A patent/FR2857393B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2004
  • 2004-07-07 EP EP04767604A patent/EP1644461A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-07-07 US US10/564,415 patent/US20070266654A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-07-07 WO PCT/FR2004/001769 patent/WO2005005574A2/fr not_active Ceased

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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