EP1636485B1 - Injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, especially direct injection diesel engines - Google Patents

Injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, especially direct injection diesel engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1636485B1
EP1636485B1 EP04726421A EP04726421A EP1636485B1 EP 1636485 B1 EP1636485 B1 EP 1636485B1 EP 04726421 A EP04726421 A EP 04726421A EP 04726421 A EP04726421 A EP 04726421A EP 1636485 B1 EP1636485 B1 EP 1636485B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
nozzle needle
intensifier piston
injector
space
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP04726421A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1636485A1 (en
Inventor
Sebastian Kanne
Godehard Nentwig
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/21—Fuel-injection apparatus with piezoelectric or magnetostrictive elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F02M2200/704—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with actuator and actuated element moving in different directions, e.g. in opposite directions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injector according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • An injector for fuel injection systems with a directly controlled nozzle needle and with a pulling actuator for opening the nozzle needle is made EP 1174 615 A2 known.
  • the nozzle needle is designed with a nozzle needle piston, which is guided in a sleeve-shaped booster piston.
  • the sleeve-shaped booster piston includes a control chamber to which the nozzle needle piston is exposed.
  • To open the nozzle needle of the booster piston performs a pulling movement, so that increases the volume of the control chamber, whereby the force acting in the opening direction of the nozzle needle opening force exceeds the force acting in the control chamber on the nozzle needle piston closing force. This lifts the nozzle needle off the nozzle needle seat and injects fuel.
  • the injector has a nozzle needle piston with two piston sections, wherein one piston section is exposed to the high pressure of the fuel supply line and the other piston section is separated from the high pressure hydraulic chamber as a control chamber. On the separated from the high pressure control chamber and the associated with the piezoelectric actuator booster piston acts. If the pressure is increased by actuating the piezo actuator and the booster piston in the control chamber, this acts on the opening direction acting piston surface of the nozzle needle piston and the nozzle needle is lifted from the nozzle needle seat, so that fuel is injected.
  • An injector for fuel injection systems with a directly controlled nozzle needle and with a pushing actuator for opening the nozzle needle is still off DE 43 060 73 C1 known.
  • the nozzle needle is surrounded by a nozzle needle pressure chamber which is connected to a fuel supply.
  • a translation device with a booster piston and a nozzle needle piston is arranged in a piston-in-piston system.
  • the nozzle needle piston here also has a piston surface which acts in the opening direction of the nozzle needle and is exposed to the hydraulic chamber. If the pressure is increased by actuating the actuator and the booster piston in the hydraulic chamber, this acts on the piston surface of the nozzle needle piston acting in the opening direction and the nozzle needle is lifted off the nozzle needle seat, so that fuel is injected.
  • Another injector with a directly controlled nozzle needle is also off DE 195 19 191 C2 known.
  • the subject matter of this document sitting piezoelectric actuator and booster piston at the upper end of the injector body and the power transmission to the arranged at the lower end of the injector nozzle needle via a long plunger.
  • the plunger is in hydraulic communication with the fuel inlet.
  • Piezo actuator and booster piston are separated from the fuel inlet.
  • An incorporated into the injector pressure channel leads to the nozzle exit.
  • an annular space surrounding the plunger in the lower region is provided, from which a fuel return duct emerges.
  • the fuel return passage is hydraulically connected to an interior of the booster piston extending above the ram.
  • a trained under the booster piston control chamber is fed by the fuel inlet via a plunger surrounding the injector body leakage gap.
  • JP 11 200 981 A known injector for fuel injection systems with a directly controlled nozzle needle booster piston and nozzle needle are arranged spatially separated from each other.
  • a significant advantage of the invention lies in the direct control of the nozzle needle by the piezoelectric actuator.
  • the speed of the nozzle needle movement can be adjusted via the voltage curve of the piezo actuator.
  • For a dosage of particularly small pre-injection amounts and a partial stroke can be specified.
  • Another advantage of the injector according to the invention is also to be seen in the fact that this manages without a fuel return.
  • the recess 11 denotes a cylindrical injector body with a continuous, on the predominant part of its longitudinal extent cylindrical recess 11. At its upper end, the recess 11 first has a conically tapered portion 12, which in a right angle bent, finally outwardly opening section 13, the fourteenth passes.
  • a likewise cylindrical piezoactuator 16 of relatively large longitudinal extension is arranged, whose diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the recess section 15. This results in an annular space 17 between the outer wall of the piezoactuator 16 and the inner wall of the injector body 10
  • the conical section 12 of the axial recess 11 is used for one.
  • fluid-permeable spacers can be provided in the annular space 17 at certain axial distances as required (not shown).
  • the upper, angled portion 13, 14 of the recess 11 acts as a cable bushing for the power supply of the piezoelectric actuator 16th
  • a fuel supply 18 e.g. High-pressure connection of a common rail system, provided, which is connected via a pressure channel 19 with the annular space 17 in hydraulic communication.
  • a nozzle body 20 connects, which receives a nozzle needle 21.
  • the nozzle body 20 is attached by means of a union nut (clamping nut) 22 on the injector body 10, such that it comes with a rear end face 23 sealingly abutting a lower end face 24 of the injector body 10.
  • the nozzle body 20 has an upwardly open, multi-stepped interior 25, which forms a bottom opening into two nozzle outlet holes 26, 27 conical valve seat 28.
  • the valve seat 28 cooperates with a conical end section 29 of the nozzle needle 21 functioning as a closing body.
  • the nozzle needle 21 has a portion 30 of larger diameter, which is fitted into a cylindrical interior 31 of a sleeve-shaped, downwardly open booster piston 32.
  • the upper end of the booster piston .32 forms a collar 33.
  • a in the annular space 17 - in this case the booster piston 32 surrounding - arranged on the one hand on the end face 23 of the nozzle body 20, on the other hand on the collar 33 of the booster piston 32 supporting the compression coil spring 34 holds the booster piston 32nd with the piezoelectric actuator 16 at the front in contact.
  • a nozzle needle 21 concentrically surrounding cylindrical pressure chamber 37 is formed, which via holes 38, 39 in the nozzle body 20 and between the nozzle body 20 and the clamping nut 22 formed annular space 40 is hydraulically connected to the annular space 17 of the injector body 10.
  • the interior 25 of the nozzle body 20 at the top has a stepped diameter extension 41, in which the booster piston 32 is guided so that a in the extended interior part 41st formed below the booster piston 32 control chamber 42 via a leakage gap 43 (see in particular Fig. 2 ) is in hydraulic communication with the annular space 17 of the injector body 10.
  • a section 44 of the nozzle body interior 25 with a comparatively small diameter serves to guide the nozzle needle 21 within the nozzle body 20.
  • this section 44 is designed so that a leakage gap 45th (see, in particular Fig. 2 ).
  • the control chamber 42 is thus hydraulically connected via the second leakage gap 45 with the cylindrical space 37, which in turn - via the recesses 38 to 40 - from the annular space 17 of the injector 10 is pressurized high.
  • a special feature is further that the above the nozzle needle 21 extending interior 31 of the booster piston 32 is also hydraulically connected to the high pressure-loaded annular space 17 of the injector body 10, via a lateral bore 46 in the booster piston 32nd
  • a (second) helical compression spring 48 is arranged, which exerts on the nozzle needle 21 in the closing direction (arrow 49) directed force.
  • the (second) compression spring 48 so the nozzle needle 21 is kept closed during the pauses between the injections and at rest of the vehicle.
  • Fig. 1 and 2 the closed position of the nozzle needle 21 is shown. In the open position, however, the injection process takes place, whereby from the cylindrical pressure chamber 37 fuel passes through the outlet holes 26, 27 in the (not shown) cylinder combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the trained at the lower end of the booster piston 32 control chamber 42 is used for hydraulic length compensation and as a hydraulic translator for the expansion movement of the piezoelectric actuator 16th
  • the injector described above operates as follows. During the pauses between the individual injection processes, the piezoelectric actuator 16 is de-energized. Now, if the piezoelectric actuator 16 is electrically driven, it expands and moves the booster piston 32 against the force of the two compression springs 34, 48 down (in the direction of arrow 49). In this case, the volume of the control chamber 42 is reduced, and the pressure in the control chamber 42 increases. As a result, an opening force (in the direction of arrow 35) is exerted on the nozzle needle 21. As soon as the opening force exceeds the closing pressure forces and the force of the compression spring 48, the nozzle opens by the nozzle needle 21 assumes the (upper) position shown in the drawing and thus the outlet holes 26, 27 releases. By translating by means of the booster piston 32, the nozzle needle 21 can perform a maximum stroke, which is significantly greater than the expansion stroke of the electrically controlled piezoelectric actuator 16th
  • the longest possible activation duration is determined by the leakage (43, 45, 47) from the control chamber 42.
  • the nozzle needle 21 moves downward (in the direction of arrow 49) until it closes the outlet bores 26, 27 with the lateral surface of its conical tip 29.
  • the electrical control of the piezoelectric actuator 16 is interrupted.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 16 then contracts, and the pressure in the control chamber 42 drops below the rail pressure.
  • the nozzle needle 21 undergoes the necessary closing forces and closes.
  • the compression spring 34 prevents this, that the piezoelectric actuator 16 separates from the booster piston 32. Piezo actuator 16 and booster piston 32 thus remain constantly in the (off Fig. 1 and 2 apparent) non-positive abutment position to each other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Injektor nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an injector according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein Injektor für Kraftstoff-Einspritzsysteme mit einer direkt angesteuerten Düsennadel und mit einem ziehenden Aktor zum Öffnen der Düsennadel gemäß den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 ist aus EP 1174 615 A2 bekannt. Die Düsenadel ist mit einem Düsennadelkolben ausgeführt, der in einem hülsenförmigen Übersetzerkolben geführt ist. Der hülsenförmige Übersetzerkolben schließt einen Steuerraum ein, dem der Düsennadelkolben ausgesetzt ist. Zum Öffnen der Düsennadel führt der Übersetzerkolben eine ziehende Bewegung aus, so dass sich das Volumen des Steuerraums vergrößert, wodurch die in Öffnungsrichtung auf die Düsennadel wirkende Öffnungskraft die im Steuerraum auf den Düsennadelkolben wirkende Schließkraft übersteigt. Dadurch wird die Düsennadel vom Düsennadelsitz abgehoben und Kraftstoff eingespritzt.An injector for fuel injection systems with a directly controlled nozzle needle and with a pulling actuator for opening the nozzle needle according to the features of the preamble of claim 1 is made EP 1174 615 A2 known. The nozzle needle is designed with a nozzle needle piston, which is guided in a sleeve-shaped booster piston. The sleeve-shaped booster piston includes a control chamber to which the nozzle needle piston is exposed. To open the nozzle needle of the booster piston performs a pulling movement, so that increases the volume of the control chamber, whereby the force acting in the opening direction of the nozzle needle opening force exceeds the force acting in the control chamber on the nozzle needle piston closing force. This lifts the nozzle needle off the nozzle needle seat and injects fuel.

Ein weiterer Injektor für Kraftstoff-Einspritzsysteme mit einer direkt angesteuerten Düsennadel und mit einem drückenden Aktor zum Öffnen der Düsennadel ist aus JP 102 88 117 A bekannt. Der Injektor weist einen Düsennadelkolben mit zwei Kolbenabschnitte auf, wobei der eine Kolbenabschnitt dem Hochdruck der Kraftstoffzuleitung und der andere Kolbenabschnitt einer vom Hochdruck getrennten hydraulischen Kammer als Steuerraum ausgesetzt ist. Auf den vom Hochdruck getrennten Steuerraum wirkt auch der mit dem Piezoaktor verbundene Übersetzerkolben ein. Wird der Druck durch Betätigen des Piezoaktors und des Übersetzerkolbens im Steuerraum erhöht, wirkt dieser auf die in Öffnungsrichtung wirkende Kolbenfläche des Düsennadelkolbens und die Düsennadel wird vom Düsennadelsitz abgehoben, so dass Kraftstoff eingespritzt wird.Another injector for fuel injection systems with a directly controlled nozzle needle and with a pushing actuator to open the nozzle needle is off JP 102 88 117 A known. The injector has a nozzle needle piston with two piston sections, wherein one piston section is exposed to the high pressure of the fuel supply line and the other piston section is separated from the high pressure hydraulic chamber as a control chamber. On the separated from the high pressure control chamber and the associated with the piezoelectric actuator booster piston acts. If the pressure is increased by actuating the piezo actuator and the booster piston in the control chamber, this acts on the opening direction acting piston surface of the nozzle needle piston and the nozzle needle is lifted from the nozzle needle seat, so that fuel is injected.

Ein Injektor für Kraftstoff-Einspritzsysteme mit einer direkt angesteuerten Düsennadel und mit einem drückenden Aktor zum Öffnen der Düsennadel ist weiterhin aus DE 43 060 73 C1 bekannt. Hierbei ist die Düsennadel von einem Düsennadeldruckraum umgeben, der mit einer Kraftstoffzuführung verbunden ist. In einer separaten hydraulischen Kammer ist eine Übersetzungseinrichtung mit einem Übersetzerkolben und einem Düsennadelkolben in einem Kolben-in-Kolben-System angeordnet. Der Düssennadelkolbens weist auch hier eine Kolbenfläche auf, die in Öffnungsrichtung der Düsennadel wirkt und der hydraulischen Kammer ausgesetzt ist. Wird der Druck durch Betätigen des Aktors und des Übersetzerkolbens in der hydraulischen Kammer erhöht, wirkt dieser auf die in Öffnungsrichtung wirkende Kolbenfläche des Düsennadelkolbens und die Düsennadel wird vom Düsennadelsitz abgehoben, so dass Kraftstoff eingespritzt wird.An injector for fuel injection systems with a directly controlled nozzle needle and with a pushing actuator for opening the nozzle needle is still off DE 43 060 73 C1 known. Here, the nozzle needle is surrounded by a nozzle needle pressure chamber which is connected to a fuel supply. In a separate hydraulic chamber, a translation device with a booster piston and a nozzle needle piston is arranged in a piston-in-piston system. The nozzle needle piston here also has a piston surface which acts in the opening direction of the nozzle needle and is exposed to the hydraulic chamber. If the pressure is increased by actuating the actuator and the booster piston in the hydraulic chamber, this acts on the piston surface of the nozzle needle piston acting in the opening direction and the nozzle needle is lifted off the nozzle needle seat, so that fuel is injected.

Ein weiterer Injektor mit einer direkt angesteuerten Düsennadel ist auch aus DE 195 19 191 C2 bekannt. Beim Gegenstand dieser Druckschrift sitzen Piezoaktor und Übersetzerkolben am oberen Ende des Injektorkörpers und die Kraftübertragung auf die am unteren Ende des Injektorkörpers angeordnete Düsennadel erfolgt über einen langen Stößel. Der Stößel steht mit dem Kraftstoffzulauf in hydraulischer Verbindung. Piezoaktor und Übersetzerkolben sind vom Kraftstoffzulauf getrennt. Ein in den Injektorkörper eingearbeiteter Druckkanal führt zum Düsenaustritt. Außerdem ist ein den Stößel im unteren Bereich umgebender Ringraum vorgesehen, von dem ein Kraftstoff-Rücklaufkanal ausgeht. Der Kraftstoff-Rücklaufkanal ist mit einem sich oberhalb des Stößels erstreckenden Innenraum des Übersetzerkolbens hydraulisch verbunden. Ein unterhalb des Übersetzerkolbens ausgebildeter Steuerraum wird vom Kraftstoffzulauf über einen den Stößel im Injektorkörper umgebenden Leckspalt gespeist.Another injector with a directly controlled nozzle needle is also off DE 195 19 191 C2 known. The subject matter of this document sitting piezoelectric actuator and booster piston at the upper end of the injector body and the power transmission to the arranged at the lower end of the injector nozzle needle via a long plunger. The plunger is in hydraulic communication with the fuel inlet. Piezo actuator and booster piston are separated from the fuel inlet. An incorporated into the injector pressure channel leads to the nozzle exit. In addition, an annular space surrounding the plunger in the lower region is provided, from which a fuel return duct emerges. The fuel return passage is hydraulically connected to an interior of the booster piston extending above the ram. A trained under the booster piston control chamber is fed by the fuel inlet via a plunger surrounding the injector body leakage gap.

Bei einem aus JP 11 200 981 A bekannten Injektor für Kraftstoff-Einspritzsysteme mit einer direkt angesteuerten Düsennadel sind Übersetzerkolben und Düsenadel räumlich getrennt voneinander angeordnet.At one off JP 11 200 981 A known injector for fuel injection systems with a directly controlled nozzle needle booster piston and nozzle needle are arranged spatially separated from each other.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Ausgehend von dem im Vorstehenden geschilderten Stand der Technik ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen auch für Common-Rail-Systeme geeigneten Injektor zu schaffen, der vergleichsweise einfach im Aufbau ist, mit einem Minimum an Einzelteilen auskommt und effizient arbeitet.Based on the above-described prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a suitable also for common rail systems injector, which is relatively simple in construction, manages with a minimum of individual parts and works efficiently.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe bei einem Injektor der eingangs bezeichneten Art durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention the object is achieved in an injector of the type described by the features of claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Grundgedankens der Erfindung enthalten die Ansprüche 2 - 4.Advantageous embodiments of the basic concept of the invention include claims 2-4.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung liegt in der direkten Steuerung der Düsennadel durch den Piezoaktor. Die Geschwindigkeit der Düsennadelbewegung kann über den Spannungsverlauf des Piezoaktors eingestellt werden. Für eine Dosierung von besonders kleinen Voreinspritzmengen kann auch ein Teilhub vorgegeben werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Injektors ist auch darin zu sehen, dass dieser ohne einen Kraftstoff-Rücklauf auskommt.A significant advantage of the invention lies in the direct control of the nozzle needle by the piezoelectric actuator. The speed of the nozzle needle movement can be adjusted via the voltage curve of the piezo actuator. For a dosage of particularly small pre-injection amounts and a partial stroke can be specified. Another advantage of the injector according to the invention is also to be seen in the fact that this manages without a fuel return.

Zeichnungdrawing

Die Erfindung ist anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in der Zeichnung veranschaulicht und im Folgenden detailliert beschrieben. Es zeigt jeweils schematisch:

Fig. 1
eine Ausführungsform eines direktgesteuerten Common-Rail-Injektors mit Piezoaktor, im vertikalen Längsschnitt, und
Fig. 2
einen unteren Teilbereich des Injektors nach Fig. 1, in gegenüber Fig. 1 vergrößerter Darstellung.
The invention is illustrated by means of an embodiment in the drawing and described in detail below. It shows schematically in each case:
Fig. 1
an embodiment of a direct-controlled common rail injector with piezoelectric actuator, in vertical longitudinal section, and
Fig. 2
a lower portion of the injector after Fig. 1 , in opposite Fig. 1 enlarged view.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

Es bezeichnet 10 einen zylindrischen Injektorkörper mit einer durchgehenden, auf dem überwiegenden Teil ihrer Längserstreckung zylindrischen Ausnehmung 11. An ihrem oberen Ende besitzt die Ausnehmung 11 zunächst einen sich konisch verjüngenden Abschnitt 12, der in einen rechtwinklig abgebogenen, schließlich nach außen mündenden Abschnitt 13, 14 übergeht. In dem mit 15 bezifferten zylindrischen Abschnitt der Ausnehmung 11 ist ein ebenfalls zylindrischer Piezoaktor 16 vergleichsweise großer Längserstreckung angeordnet, dessen Durchmesser kleiner ist als der Innendurchmesser des Ausnehmungsabschnitts 15. Hierdurch ergibt sich zwischen der Außenwand des Piezoaktors 16 und der Innenwandung des Injektorkörpers 10 ein Ringraum 17. Zur hierzu erforderlichen Zentrierung des Piezoaktors 16 innerhalb des Injektorkörpers 10 dient zum einen der konische Abschnitt 12 der axialen Ausnehmung 11. Zum anderen können bei Bedarf in dem Ringraum 17 in bestimmten axialen Abständen voneinander fluiddurchlässige Distanzscheiben vorgesehen sein (nicht gezeigt).It denotes a cylindrical injector body with a continuous, on the predominant part of its longitudinal extent cylindrical recess 11. At its upper end, the recess 11 first has a conically tapered portion 12, which in a right angle bent, finally outwardly opening section 13, the fourteenth passes. In the cylindrical portion of the recess 11, which is numbered 15, a likewise cylindrical piezoactuator 16 of relatively large longitudinal extension is arranged, whose diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the recess section 15. This results in an annular space 17 between the outer wall of the piezoactuator 16 and the inner wall of the injector body 10 For the purpose of centering the piezoactuator 16 within the injector body 10, the conical section 12 of the axial recess 11 is used for one. On the other hand, fluid-permeable spacers can be provided in the annular space 17 at certain axial distances as required (not shown).

Der obere, abgewinkelte Abschnitt 13, 14 der Ausnehmung 11 fungiert als Kabeldurchführung für die Stromversorgung des Piezoaktors 16.The upper, angled portion 13, 14 of the recess 11 acts as a cable bushing for the power supply of the piezoelectric actuator 16th

Am oberen Ende des Injektorkörpers 10 ist eine Kraftstoffzuführung 18, z.B. Hochdruckanschluss eines Common-Rail-Systems, vorgesehen, die über einen Druckkanal 19 mit dem Ringraum 17 in hydraulischer Verbindung steht.At the upper end of the injector body 10 is a fuel supply 18, e.g. High-pressure connection of a common rail system, provided, which is connected via a pressure channel 19 with the annular space 17 in hydraulic communication.

An das untere Ende des Injektorkörpers 10 und koaxial zu diesem schließt sich ein Düsenkörper 20 an, der eine Düsennadel 21 aufnimmt. Der Düsenkörper 20 ist mittels einer Überwurfmutter (Spannmutter) 22 an dem Injektorkörper 10 befestigt, derart, dass er mit einer rückseitigen Stirnfläche 23 an einer unteren Stirnfläche 24 des Injektorkörpers 10 dichtend zur Anlage kommt.At the lower end of the injector body 10 and coaxial with this, a nozzle body 20 connects, which receives a nozzle needle 21. The nozzle body 20 is attached by means of a union nut (clamping nut) 22 on the injector body 10, such that it comes with a rear end face 23 sealingly abutting a lower end face 24 of the injector body 10.

Zur Aufnahme der Düsennadel 21 besitzt der Düsenkörper 20 einen nach oben hin offenen, mehrfach abgestuften Innenraum 25, der unten einen in zwei Düsen-Austrittsbohrungen 26, 27 ausmündenden konischen Ventilsitz 28 bildet. Der Ventilsitz 28 wirkt mit einem als Schließkörper fungierenden konischen Endabschnitt 29 der Düsennadel 21 zusammen.To accommodate the nozzle needle 21, the nozzle body 20 has an upwardly open, multi-stepped interior 25, which forms a bottom opening into two nozzle outlet holes 26, 27 conical valve seat 28. The valve seat 28 cooperates with a conical end section 29 of the nozzle needle 21 functioning as a closing body.

An ihrem oberen Ende besitzt die Düsennadel 21 einen Abschnitt 30 größeren Durchmessers, der in einen zylindrischen Innenraum 31 eines hülsenförmigen, nach unten offenen Übersetzerkolbens 32 eingepasst ist. Den oberen Abschluss des Übersetzerkolbens .32 bildet ein Bund 33. Eine in dem Ringraum 17 - hierbei den Übersetzerkolben 32 umschließend - angeordnete, sich einerseits an der Stirnfläche 23 des Düsenkörpers 20, andererseits am Bund 33 des Übersetzerkolbens 32 abstützende Schraubendruckfeder 34 hält den Übersetzerkolben 32 mit dem Piezoaktor 16 stirnseitig in Anlage. Durch den von der Druckfeder 34 über den Übersetzerkolben 32 auf den Piezoaktor 16 in Pfeilrichtung 35 wirkenden Druck wird der Piezoaktor 16 an seiner Oberseite 36 gegen den Injektorkörper 10 abgedichtet, und der elektrische Anschluss (nicht gezeigt) kann somit durch die abgewinkelten Bohrungen 13, 14 aus dem Injektorkörper 10 herausgeführt werden.At its upper end, the nozzle needle 21 has a portion 30 of larger diameter, which is fitted into a cylindrical interior 31 of a sleeve-shaped, downwardly open booster piston 32. The upper end of the booster piston .32 forms a collar 33. A in the annular space 17 - in this case the booster piston 32 surrounding - arranged on the one hand on the end face 23 of the nozzle body 20, on the other hand on the collar 33 of the booster piston 32 supporting the compression coil spring 34 holds the booster piston 32nd with the piezoelectric actuator 16 at the front in contact. By acting from the compression spring 34 via the booster piston 32 to the piezoelectric actuator 16 in the direction of arrow 35 pressure of the piezoelectric actuator 16 is sealed at its upper side 36 against the injector body 10, and the electrical connection (not shown) can thus by the angled holes 13, 14th be led out of the injector body 10.

Wie die Zeichnung des Weiteren zeigt, ist im unteren Teil des Düsenkörpers 20 - als Bestandteil des Düsenkörper-Innenraumes 25 - ein die Düsennadel 21 konzentrisch umgebender zylindrischer Druckraum 37 ausgebildet, der über Bohrungen 38, 39 im Düsenkörper 20 und einen zwischen dem Düsenkörper 20 und der Spannmutter 22 ausgebildeten Ringraum 40 mit dem Ringraum 17 des Injektorkörpers 10 hydraulisch verbunden ist.As the drawing further shows, in the lower part of the nozzle body 20 - as part of the nozzle body interior 25 - a nozzle needle 21 concentrically surrounding cylindrical pressure chamber 37 is formed, which via holes 38, 39 in the nozzle body 20 and between the nozzle body 20 and the clamping nut 22 formed annular space 40 is hydraulically connected to the annular space 17 of the injector body 10.

Eine weitere Besonderheit besteht darin, dass der Innenraum 25 des Düsenkörpers 20 oben eine abgestufte Durchmessererweiterung 41 aufweist, in der der Übersetzerkolben 32 so geführt ist, dass ein in dem erweiterten Innenraumteil 41 unterhalb des Übersetzerkolbens 32 ausgebildeter Steuerraum 42 über einen Leckspalt 43 (siehe insbesondere Fig. 2) mit dem Ringraum 17 des Injektorkörpers 10 in hydraulischer Verbindung steht. Ein Abschnitt 44 des Düsenkörper-Innenraumes 25 mit vergleichsweise kleinem Durchmesser dient zur Führung der Düsennadel 21 innerhalb des Düsenkörpers 20. Auch dieser Abschnitt 44 ist so konzipiert, dass sich ein Leckspalt 45. (siehe insbesondere Fig. 2) ergibt. Der Steuerraum 42 ist somit über den zweiten Leckspalt 45 mit dem zylindrischen Raum 37 hydraulisch verbunden, der seinerseits - über die Ausnehmungen 38 bis 40 - vom Ringraum 17 des Injektorkörpers 10 her hochdruckbeaufschlagt ist.Another special feature is that the interior 25 of the nozzle body 20 at the top has a stepped diameter extension 41, in which the booster piston 32 is guided so that a in the extended interior part 41st formed below the booster piston 32 control chamber 42 via a leakage gap 43 (see in particular Fig. 2 ) is in hydraulic communication with the annular space 17 of the injector body 10. A section 44 of the nozzle body interior 25 with a comparatively small diameter serves to guide the nozzle needle 21 within the nozzle body 20. Also, this section 44 is designed so that a leakage gap 45th (see, in particular Fig. 2 ). The control chamber 42 is thus hydraulically connected via the second leakage gap 45 with the cylindrical space 37, which in turn - via the recesses 38 to 40 - from the annular space 17 of the injector 10 is pressurized high.

Eine Besonderheit liegt des Weiteren darin, dass der sich oberhalb der Düsennadel 21 erstreckende Innenraum 31 des Übersetzerkolbens 32 ebenfalls mit dem hochdruckbeaufschlagten Ringraum 17 des Injektorkörpers 10 hydraulisch verbunden ist, und zwar über eine seitliche Bohrung 46 im Übersetzerkolben 32.A special feature is further that the above the nozzle needle 21 extending interior 31 of the booster piston 32 is also hydraulically connected to the high pressure-loaded annular space 17 of the injector body 10, via a lateral bore 46 in the booster piston 32nd

Der obere (verdickte) Abschnitt 30 der Düsennadel 21 ist nun so im Übersetzerkolben 32 geführt, dass sich ein (weiterer) Leckspalt 47 (siehe Fig. 2) ergibt. Auch über diesen (dritten) Leckspalt 47 ist somit eine hydraulische Verbindung zwischen dem Steuerraum 42 und dem hochdruckbeaufschlagten Ringraum 17 des Injektorkörpers 10 hergestellt.The upper (thickened) portion 30 of the nozzle needle 21 is now guided in the booster piston 32 that a (further) leakage gap 47 (see Fig. 2 ). A hydraulic connection between the control chamber 42 and the high-pressure-loaded annulus 17 of the injector body 10 is thus also produced via this (third) leakage gap 47.

Eine weitere Besonderheit besteht darin, dass in dem Innenraum 31 des Übersetzerkolbens 32 eine (zweite) Schraubendruckfeder 48 angeordnet ist, die auf die Düsennadel 21 eine in Schließrichtung (Pfeil 49) gerichtete Kraft ausübt. Durch die (zweite) Druckfeder 48 wird also die Düsennadel 21 während der Pausen zwischen den Einspritzvorgängen und bei stillstand des Fahrzeugs geschlossen gehalten. In Fig. 1 und 2 ist die Schließstellung der Düsennadel 21 gezeigt. In der Öffnungsstellung hingegen findet der Einspritzvorgang statt, wobei aus dem zylindrischen Druckraum 37 Kraftstoff durch die Austrittsbohrungen 26, 27 in den (nicht dargestellten) Zylinderbrennraum der Brennkraftmaschine gelangt.Another special feature is that in the interior 31 of the booster piston 32, a (second) helical compression spring 48 is arranged, which exerts on the nozzle needle 21 in the closing direction (arrow 49) directed force. By the (second) compression spring 48 so the nozzle needle 21 is kept closed during the pauses between the injections and at rest of the vehicle. In Fig. 1 and 2 the closed position of the nozzle needle 21 is shown. In the open position, however, the injection process takes place, whereby from the cylindrical pressure chamber 37 fuel passes through the outlet holes 26, 27 in the (not shown) cylinder combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.

Der am unteren Ende des Übersetzerkolbens 32 ausgebildete Steuerraum 42 dient zum hydraulischen Längenausgleich und als hydraulischer Übersetzer für die Dehnungsbewegung des Piezoaktors 16.The trained at the lower end of the booster piston 32 control chamber 42 is used for hydraulic length compensation and as a hydraulic translator for the expansion movement of the piezoelectric actuator 16th

Der Transport des Kraftstoffs vom Injektorkörper 10 bis zu den Düsenaustrittsbohrungen erfolgt über die (vergleichsweise kurze) Ausnehmung 38 (oder mehrere derartige Ausnehmungen) durch den Düsenkörper 20, die den Injektorkörper 10 mit dem Ringraum 40 zwischen Spannmutter 22 und Düsenkörper 20 verbindet. Von dem Ringraum 40 aus wird der Kraftstoff durch die weitere (vergleichsweise kurze) Bohrung 39 (oder mehrere derartige Bohrungen) zu den Düsen-Austrittsbohrungen 26, 27 geleitet.The transport of the fuel from the injector body 10 to the nozzle outlet bores via the (relatively short) recess 38 (or more such recesses) through the nozzle body 20, which connects the injector body 10 with the annulus 40 between the clamping nut 22 and nozzle body 20. From the annular space 40, the fuel is passed through the further (comparatively short) bore 39 (or a plurality of such bores) to the nozzle outlet bores 26, 27.

Der im Vorstehenden beschriebene Injektor arbeitet wie folgt. Während der Pausen zwischen den einzelnen Einspritzvorgängen ist der Piezoaktor 16 unbestromt. Wird nun der Piezoaktor 16 elektrisch angesteuert, so dehnt er sich aus und bewegt den Übersetzerkolben 32 gegen die Kraft der beiden Druckfedern 34, 48 nach unten (in Pfeilrichtung 49). Hierbei wird das Volumen des Steuerraumes 42 verkleinert, und der Druck im Steuerraum 42 steigt. Dadurch wird auf die Düsennadel 21 eine öffnende Kraft (in Pfeilrichtung 35) ausgeübt. Sobald die öffnende Kraft die schließenden Druckkräfte und die Kraft der Druckfeder 48 übersteigt, öffnet die Düse, indem die Düsennadel 21 die aus der Zeichnung ersichtliche (obere) Stellung einnimmt und damit die Austrittsbohrungen 26, 27 freigibt. Durch die Wegübersetzung mittels des Übersetzerkolbens 32 kann die Düsennadel 21 einen maximalen Hub ausführen, der deutlich größer ist als der Dehnungshub des elektrisch angesteuerten Piezoaktors 16.The injector described above operates as follows. During the pauses between the individual injection processes, the piezoelectric actuator 16 is de-energized. Now, if the piezoelectric actuator 16 is electrically driven, it expands and moves the booster piston 32 against the force of the two compression springs 34, 48 down (in the direction of arrow 49). In this case, the volume of the control chamber 42 is reduced, and the pressure in the control chamber 42 increases. As a result, an opening force (in the direction of arrow 35) is exerted on the nozzle needle 21. As soon as the opening force exceeds the closing pressure forces and the force of the compression spring 48, the nozzle opens by the nozzle needle 21 assumes the (upper) position shown in the drawing and thus the outlet holes 26, 27 releases. By translating by means of the booster piston 32, the nozzle needle 21 can perform a maximum stroke, which is significantly greater than the expansion stroke of the electrically controlled piezoelectric actuator 16th

Sobald die Düsennadel 21 den Hubbereich der Sitzdrosselung verlassen hat (siehe Fig. 1 und 2), tritt ein Ausgleich der auf sie wirkenden Druckkräfte ein. Der Piezoaktor 16 muss dann über den Übersetzerkolben 32 den Druck im Steuerraum 42 nur noch soweit über dem am Druckanschluss 18 herrschenden Hochdruck (Raildruck) halten, dass der Widerstand der Druckfeder 48 überwunden wird.Once the nozzle needle 21 has left the stroke range of seat throttling (see Fig. 1 and 2 ), a balance of the compressive forces acting on them occurs. The piezoelectric actuator 16 then has to hold the pressure in the control chamber 42 only so far above the pressure prevailing at the pressure port 18 high pressure (rail pressure) via the booster piston 32, that the resistance of the compression spring 48 is overcome.

Die längstmögliche Ansteuerdauer wird durch die Leckage (43, 45, 47) aus dem Steuerraum 42 bestimmt.The longest possible activation duration is determined by the leakage (43, 45, 47) from the control chamber 42.

Sinkt der Druck im Steuerraum 42 auf den Raildruck ab, so führt die Düsennadel 21 eine Bewegung nach unten (in Pfeilrichtung 49) aus bis sie mit der Mantelfläche ihrer konischen Spitze 29 die Austrittsbohrungen 26, 27 verschließt. Zum Schließen der Düsennadel 21 wird die elektrische Ansteuerung des Piezoaktors 16 unterbrochen. Der Piezoaktor 16 zieht sich daraufhin zusammen, und der Druck im Steuerraum 42 sinkt unter den Raildruck. Dadurch erfährt die Düsennadel 21 die erforderlichen schließenden Kräfte und schließt.If the pressure in the control chamber 42 drops to the rail pressure, the nozzle needle 21 moves downward (in the direction of arrow 49) until it closes the outlet bores 26, 27 with the lateral surface of its conical tip 29. To close the nozzle needle 21, the electrical control of the piezoelectric actuator 16 is interrupted. The piezoelectric actuator 16 then contracts, and the pressure in the control chamber 42 drops below the rail pressure. As a result, the nozzle needle 21 undergoes the necessary closing forces and closes.

Die Druckfeder 34 verhindert hierbei, dass sich der Piezoaktor 16 vom Übersetzerkolben 32 trennt. Piezoaktor 16 und Übersetzerkolben 32 bleiben also ständig in der (aus Fig. 1 und 2 ersichtlichen) kraftschlüssigen Anlageposition aneinander.The compression spring 34 prevents this, that the piezoelectric actuator 16 separates from the booster piston 32. Piezo actuator 16 and booster piston 32 thus remain constantly in the (off Fig. 1 and 2 apparent) non-positive abutment position to each other.

Claims (4)

  1. Injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, in particular of direct-injection diesel engines, with a piezoactuator which is arranged in an injector body (10) and which via first spring means (34) is held in bearing contact, on the one hand, with the injector body (10) and, on the other hand, with a sleeve-like intensifier piston (32), with a nozzle body (20) which is connected to the injector body (10) and has at least one nozzle outlet orifice (26, 27) and in which a stepped nozzle needle (21) is guided axially displaceably, with second spring means (48) which are arranged within the intensifier piston (32) and which, together with the fuel pressure acting on the nozzle needle (21) on the rear side, hold the nozzle needle (21) in the closing position, and with a control space (42) which is formed at the nozzle needle-side end of the intensifier piston (32) and which is connected via at least one leakage gap (43, 45, 47) to a fuel feed (18) which is under high pressure, the nozzle needle (21) being acted upon in the opening direction (35) by the fuel located in the control space (42), the intensifier piston (32) actuated by the piezoactuator (16) being spatially assigned directly to the nozzle needle (21), in such a way that the nozzle needle (21) is fitted with a rear region (30), which has a larger diameter than a nozzle outlet-side region of the nozzle needle (21), in an inner space (31) of the intensifier piston (32), an annular space (17) being provided, which is directly connected hydraulically to the fuel feed (18) which is under high pressure, which annular space extends into the region of the intensifier piston (32) axially adjacent to the piezoactuator (16), the inner space (31) of the intensifier piston (32) being connected hydraulically to the annular space (17) and consequently to the fuel feed (18), the nozzle body (20) being fastened to the injector body (10) by means of a union nut (22), and the piezoactuator (16) being centred in an axial cylindrical recess (15) of the injector body (10) in such a way as to give rise to the annular space (17) between the outer wall of the piezoactuator (16) and the inner wall of the cylindrical recess (15) of the injector body (10), characterized in that the intensifier piston (32) is guided in the nozzle body (20), thereby forming a leakage gap (43), in such a way that a hydraulic connection is made between the annular space (17) which is under high pressure and the control space (42), and in that, between the outer wall of the nozzle body (20) and the inner wall of the union nut (22), a cylindrical gap (40) is formed, which is connected hydraulically via recesses (38, 39) incorporated into the nozzle body (20), on the one hand, to the annular space (17) and, on the other hand, to a cylindrical pressure space (37) concentrically surrounding the nozzle needle (21) in the nozzle outlet-side region of the nozzle body (20).
  2. Injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in that region of the annular space (17) which is assigned to the intensifier piston (32), a compression spring (34) is arranged which concentrically surrounds the intensifier piston (32) and which is supported on the piezoactuator side against a collar (33) of the intensifier piston (32) and on the nozzle-outlet side against a rear end face (23) of the nozzle body (20), in such a way that the piezoactuator (16) and intensifier piston (32) are held non-positively in bearing contact.
  3. Injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle needle (21) is guided in the inner space (31) of the intensifier piston (32), thereby forming a cylindrical leakage gap (47), in such a way that a hydraulic connection is made between the inner space (31), under high pressure, of the intensifier piston (32) and the control space (42).
  4. Injector according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the nozzle body (20), on the rear side of the cylindrical pressure space (37), a portion (44) is formed, in which the nozzle needle (21) is guided, thereby forming a leakage gap (45), in such a way that a hydraulic connection is made between the cylindrical pressure space (37) which is under high pressure and the control space (42).
EP04726421A 2003-06-11 2004-04-08 Injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, especially direct injection diesel engines Expired - Lifetime EP1636485B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10326259A DE10326259A1 (en) 2003-06-11 2003-06-11 Injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, in particular direct injection diesel engines
PCT/DE2004/000738 WO2004111434A1 (en) 2003-06-11 2004-04-08 Injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, especially direct injection diesel engines

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EP1636485A1 EP1636485A1 (en) 2006-03-22
EP1636485B1 true EP1636485B1 (en) 2009-01-14

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US (1) US7431220B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1636485B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2006510850A (en)
KR (1) KR20060021357A (en)
CN (1) CN100432420C (en)
DE (2) DE10326259A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004111434A1 (en)

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CN1806116A (en) 2006-07-19
DE502004008875D1 (en) 2009-03-05
DE10326259A1 (en) 2005-01-05
WO2004111434A1 (en) 2004-12-23
CN100432420C (en) 2008-11-12
US7431220B2 (en) 2008-10-07
EP1636485A1 (en) 2006-03-22
KR20060021357A (en) 2006-03-07
US20060255184A1 (en) 2006-11-16
JP2006510850A (en) 2006-03-30

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