EP1634684B1 - Method for attaching building components to walls or ceilings, construction element obtained by this method and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

A process for fixing large components to ceilings and/or walls comprises selecting a planar component surface, applying and fixing an anchoring member in a surface opening so the anchor protrudes, and locating the components on shuttering, and applying pourable material to the surface. After the material has hardened a firm connection between the component and the material is formed. Seams between the components are sealed before the pourable material is applied.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for fixing components to ceilings and / or walls as well as to a building produced by such a method and its use.

1. a) Herstellen oder Auswählen einer näherungsweise ebenen Oberfläche jedes der Bauelemente,
2. b) Einbringen und Fixieren mindestens je eines Ankers in mindestens je einer Öffnung der ebenen Oberfläche der Bauelemente in der Weise, dass jeweils ein Teil der Anker aus der ebenen Oberfläche hervorragt, und
3. c) Aufbringen einer den tragenden Teil einer Wand oder Decke bildenden Gußmaße auf die unebenen Oberflächen, wobei die hervorstehenden Teile in die Gußmaße eingebettet werden und nach dem Aushärten der Gußmaße einen festen Verbund der Bauelemente mit der ausgehärteten Gußmaße bilden.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of attaching solid blocks in blocks and / or walls with the following features:

1. a) producing or selecting an approximately flat surface of each of the components,
2. b) introducing and fixing at least one anchor each in at least one opening of the planar surface of the components in such a way that in each case a part of the anchor protrudes from the planar surface, and
3. c) applying a casting measures forming the supporting part of a wall or ceiling on the uneven surfaces, wherein the protruding parts are embedded in the Gußmaße and form a solid composite of the components with the cured Gußmaße after curing of the Gußmaße.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a building, with at least one wall and / or ceiling, which is covered by fixed to a supporting part of the wall or ceiling components, which are generally uneven, but at least have a flat side, wherein the wall or ceiling is made by a corresponding method.

Such a method and corresponding wall elements are known from the DE 36 02 537 , This describes a multilayer, panel-shaped prefabricated Bauel element, especially for facades, with a back-bearing concrete layer and a front visible outer layer, which consists of natural stone. Here natural stone slabs are provided with anchors and a thermal barrier coating and then a concrete layer is poured, the anchors penetrate into the concrete layer.

The DE 102 52 394 A1 describes a method for blending wall structures and a corresponding plate. Here, slices of natural stone are placed on a thin sand bed in a form whose irregular outer contour corresponds to the later plate shape. On the back of the stone slabs then a binder layer is applied, which may for example consist of mortar or a plastic foam. The panels so veneered are used as prefabricated components. However, these components are not load-bearing walls or ceilings and are also unsuitable for veneering with solid blocks, since only disc-shaped facing elements have such a favorable ratio of weight and shape with respect to held in the binder surface that they are safe only by the binder being held.

From the FR 2845 402 A1 is a method for producing so-called washed concrete slabs known. For this purpose, pebbles are applied to a sand bed and then a concrete layer is poured onto the pebbles, which connects with the pebbles. In this way, plates are formed, which are suitable as floor or wall coverings and their surfaces are formed by pebbles embedded in a concrete layer.

In many structures, it is desirable to cover walls or ceilings with components that generally have a non-structural function for the structure but perform other functions. For example, it has long been known to disguise ceilings with acoustic components (sound absorbers) or suspended structures. Ceilings and, above all, walls are often covered with decorative elements, such as wainscoting, or an outer thin layer of bricks, clay bricks or natural stones. This applies both to interiors and to external facades, with external facades also being clad with other structural elements, such as stone, metal, plastic or glass plates, which are fastened to the exterior walls of a building with the aid of suitable fastening constructions.

Other structures, such as those built in water parks, amusement parks, etc., sometimes form natural environments, such as the interior of a cave, with, usually a load-bearing outer structure is built in a conventional design and then appropriate panels are attached, which simulate the natural environment such as a cave, a mine tunnel or the like. In some areas, there is a trend to produce not only artificially manufactured cladding elements made of plastic or other building materials, be it wood, concrete or metal, for corresponding linings of rooms, but instead to use components that actually come from a corresponding natural environment So for example real natural stones or crystals.

The present invention is particularly directed to structures and methods for their manufacture, in which walls or ceilings are covered with natural components, in particular with solid blocks of natural building material, of course, also structures manufactured and appropriate methods can be applied when blocks of artificial material , For example, in special form or with special surface appearance poured concrete blocks or the like, be used as cladding elements. In particular, the present invention is concerned with the manufacture of a building which is to be used as a sauna or wellness room, the interior walls and ceilings of the walls of a salt tunnel, in particular a salt mine tunnel with large blocks of crystalline salt are modeled, with natural blocks of salt crystals as a wall and or ceiling cladding.

The manufacture of wall and ceiling coverings with blocks of natural building material, e.g. Natural stones or salt crystal blocks is relatively difficult in terms of their secure attachment to a wall and in particular to a ceiling. In order to achieve the most natural appearance and, for example, the indoor climate is also determined decisively by these wall and ceiling coverings, the blocks should be relatively massive, e.g. with volumes of several liters per component, and are therefore relatively heavy. Furthermore, blocks of natural material are generally uneven in shape, even if in the extraction of these materials in quarries or mine tunnels already roughly cuboid blocks are broken out.

It is often essential for the room climate as well as for the appearance that the panel creates as natural a surface as possible which is not affected by artificial accessories, which therefore does not reveal any mounting and fastening elements, nor any grout, which may possibly hold them together or sealing several blocks could be used.

Conventional panels are usually fastened with a support structure (see, for example, glass facades) also visible from the paneled side, or they are doweled with screws or nailed or glued to walls or ceilings, for example, if they are light in weight and easy to adhere are. For natural stones and salt crystal blocks and also for other heavier components such processes are largely eliminated.

The present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a building and a method for its production, which has at least partially covered with components ceilings or walls whose visible side can be very irregular and no aids to recognize the attachment of the components while still allowing the attachment of solid and difficult to be fastened components.

With regard to the method for attaching corresponding components to ceilings and / or walls, the object underlying the invention is achieved by the characterizing part of claim 1. Claim 15 relates to a with such

Process manufactured construction and claim 24 its use. According to the invention, therefore, the cladding is produced simultaneously with supporting structures of the structure, in particular the ceiling of a building. In this case, the production of a substantially flat surface on each of the components is not a particularly critical feature, but rather is merely to produce a substantially closed surface on the wall and in particular a ceiling facing surface of the components in total by a plurality of mosaic-like arranged components to be able to adapt a casting over a large area and tight and can be easily sealed if necessary before applying a casting. Otherwise, there would be a risk that the casting material would pass through joints necessarily formed between the components and then interfere with the appearance of the lining formed by the latter on the outside of the components.

Each of the components is then provided with at least one armature which protrudes from the (approximately) planar surface of the component. These are each provided with at least one, preferably in each case with at least two anchors components according to the invention arranged on or on a formwork in such a way that their flat surfaces, from which the anchors protrude, form a common surface substantially, the wall or Ceiling area corresponds and which need not necessarily be flat, but may for example also be curved, but in general has no strong surface structure with undercuts or the like.

The arrangement of the components in a common plane, since the components are in the form of irregularly shaped blocks, the invention provides that initially on a formwork a sand bed is applied, in which the blocks are each embedded so deep that their upper, approximately planar surfaces substantially form a common flat surface or a curved surface, the curvature of the formwork or the curvature of a desired ceiling or wall shape corresponds. It is understood that in such a case buckling only as far as possible, as a corresponding sand bed holds on the formwork. Possibly, however, the sand can also be provided with a binder in order to be able to emulate more pronounced curvatures or inclinations of a surface according to this method with the blocks. For very regularly shaped blocks, of course, you need only a thin sand bed, while in very irregular and especially unevenly thick blocks and the sand bed must be correspondingly thick to compensate for the different depths of embedding different thicknesses of the blocks so that they on their back, where they are connected to the load-bearing ceiling or wall, form an approximately smooth or even surface.

Preferably, the surface roughness of the planar surfaces of the individual elements is less than 1 cm, more preferably still less than 5 mm and in particular less than 2 mm, e.g. B. 1 mm. The surface roughness of the surface formed by the tiled components, apart from the joints between the components, should be less than 2 cm, preferably less than 1 cm and in particular less than 5 mm. The surface roughness can be defined as the root of the mean square deviation of the height and depth of any structures from a mean value.

Subsequently, a casting compound is applied to the flat surfaces of the components, wherein the protruding parts of the anchor necessarily be embedded in the casting compound and produce a solid composite of the components with the cured casting compound after curing of the casting, wherein the cured casting the actual supporting part of a Wall or ceiling forms.

If the casting compound is very viscous and at the same time the components can be arranged like a mosaic with very narrow, almost vanishing joints, a further seal before applying the casting compound is not required. In general, however, it should be in the manufacture of structures, especially when used as a casting concrete, which may also be relatively liquid or from the liquid ingredients such as water or concrete milk leak may be required, the spaces between the components before the Applying the casting compound to seal. This, of course, is greatly simplified if the components are arranged on their later not visible in the building back substantially planar components and in a common plane or common surface. A plastic to viscous grout can then be introduced into the intermediate spaces from this flat side of the components, in each case only up to a depth which corresponds to less than one third to one tenth of the thickness of the components, for example 2-5 cm, so that the sealing or grout is not visible from the opposite side and the grout is intended only to prevent penetration of the casting material through the joints.

However, a variant of the method according to the invention is particularly preferred in which the sealing of the intermediate spaces or joints between the individual components takes place by placing a common cover foil. This cover film covers the entire surface of the mosaic folded components (on the later invisible back) and thus automatically also all gaps and joints between adjacent components and is pierced only in the region of outstanding from the flat surfaces of the components anchor.

Even when using such a cover it is of course advantageous if the surface formed by the mosaic-like components is substantially flat or smooth and has no pronounced projections or depressions and in particular no higher levels between adjacent components. Smaller surface structures in the millimeter range and even small steps at the junctions between adjacent components of less than 5 mm in height are readily tolerated because they can be easily compensated by the film. However, if such a cover film were stretched over it for example over several centimeters upwardly protruding projections and correspondingly high steps, then it could be applied during the application of a heavy casting compound, such as e.g. Concrete, easily come to a rupture of the film at these points, which is better avoided by a flat surface as possible.

At the piercing points of the anchor, the film can be additionally sealed. For example, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the anchors are provided in the form of threaded bolts. Such bolts require a matching round hole, which can be made suitable when laying the film on the components, ie initially only on the anchors, over each anchor. Eventually, the anchors can also simply be pushed through the film. The anchors or bolts could also be provided with a corresponding sharp-edged (circular) end which acts like a punching iron. For example, when using such or similar anchors, a washer could first be slid onto the anchor before the film pierced by the anchor is placed over it, and finally another washer could be slid onto the anchor from above and placed on the film and tightened by a nut with the two washers pinching the film in between. In addition, some silicone sealant could be added to the film or between the washers, which pushes when squeezing the washers in all spaces between anchor and foil, thus ensuring a secure seal.

The anchor, which, as already mentioned, preferably in the form of bolts, are suitably fastened with dowels in the respective component, wherein it is expedient for some building materials and in particular for salt crystals when the dowels are glued into corresponding pre-drilled holes.

If the sealing method is used by means of a film, then it has furthermore proven to be expedient if, after the application and sealing of the film, first a thin layer of screed is applied to the film which now seals and covers the surfaces of the components. This screed layer provides a smooth and smooth adaptation of the film to the surface formed by the components and at the same time forms a protective layer for the film against the subsequently applied concrete.

It is understood that the screed layer, e.g. can be up to 2 cm thick, in any case must be so thin that the protruding from the elements anchor in any case still sufficiently far penetrate through the screed layer to produce the solid bond with the applied thereon casting compound, in particular a reinforced concrete can. Appropriately, appropriate reinforcing bars and reinforcing materials are mounted or placed on the screed layer before applying the casting compound or the concrete. Again, the screed serves to protect the sealing film, which could otherwise be easily damaged by the application of the reinforcing iron. Particularly preferred is an embodiment in which at least part of the reinforcing iron is firmly connected to the anchors. In a preferred variant of the present invention, this is done by eyelets, which have threaded lugs, are screwed onto the anchor provided in the form of bolts and thereafter rebars are inserted through these eyelets. If the reinforcements are placed over the screed layer and as possible each anchor is firmly connected to any reinforcing iron, which can be done for example by hooking hooks in the eyes of the anchor, concrete is preferably applied as a casting compound on the screed layer.

After the concrete has hardened, the formwork that initially carried the entire structure can be removed, with the sand in which the structural elements were embedded also falling off the finished construction. Optionally, such a ceiling or wall can then be cleaned with compressed air or a jet of water.

Particularly preferred is a method in which blocks of an at least partially transparent material are used as components. These include, inter alia, salt crystal blocks into consideration, which are more or less transparent depending on the contamination and inclusions and depending on the degree of crystallization.

The inventive method can be used both for the production of ceilings and for the production of walls, wherein the walls can be prepared by the method described above in prefabricated construction and then erect and connect with other wall elements.

Alternatively, however, in particular for the production of walls clad with corresponding components and the stratification of the blocks in the manner of a natural stone wall is possible, but again it should be noted that to avoid the visibility of any mounting or sealing components, a connection of adjacent blocks, preferably by means of a mortar-type two-component adhesive, takes place only in the back third of the components, ie in the later visible side of the components facing away third. This has surprisingly with minerals such. As fine quartz sand, added two-component epoxy resin especially for salt crystal blocks exposed as a particularly suitable bonding material.

Finally, an embodiment of the method according to the invention is particularly preferred in which bores for the admission of light sources are introduced from the rear side of the components or from their planar surface.

This variant is particularly useful if at least partially transparent components are used. For non-transparent components, however, this variant of the method could be useful if the holes are made continuously, so that the open ends of the holes on the visible side of the components could serve as light sources.

In this case, the introduction of optical fibers into such bores is particularly preferred, although, as an alternative, light-emitting diodes could also be introduced into these bores. The Lichtleitfasem or corresponding leads for light emitting diodes could be performed, for example, by thin tubes on the back of the components through a wall or in an area between the components and the supporting part of the wall to the outside and connected there with corresponding primary light sources or power sources.

Even with components that are anchored according to the first method with anchors in a casting material, such as concrete, can be through thin tubes optical fibers or power cables through the casting lead outward, possibly could such cables but also along the joints between the components below be laid on a film and only at one or a few points pierce a wall or ceiling.

It is understood that this provision of lighting elements within the components by introducing holes from the back, in which optical fibers or light emitting diodes are introduced, of the exact manufacture of the panel, as described above, is independent and also to other types of Manufacture of cladded ceilings or walls can be applied.

With respect to a building with load-bearing walls or ceiling elements, the object underlying the invention is achieved in that the wall and / or ceiling is produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 14, so that the approximately flat surfaces of the components are arranged such that they essentially define a common plane or curved surface, wherein on the flat side of the supporting part of the wall or ceiling forming molding compound is applied and wherein in an opening of the planar surfaces of the components introduced and fixed anchors protrude from the flat surface and in the Casting compound are embedded, and so form a solid bond between the cured casting and the components.

A particularly preferred embodiment of a building according to the invention is characterized in that walls and / or a ceiling of the building are each covered to more than 30% with massive salt crystal blocks. In particular, a building is preferred which defines a space over which the entire ceiling and at least the upper third of the walls are substantially completely covered with salt crystal blocks.

In this case, in the preferred embodiment of the building, a part of the blocks have internal light sources, which are introduced by holes made from their back. Such light sources are in the preferred embodiment of the invention, optical fibers which are connected to a remote primary light source, or light-emitting diodes.

The individual blocks of a building according to the invention should cover on average more than 200 cm ² and in particular between about 300 and 600 cm ^{2 of} the wall or ceiling surface. Blocks of this size are on the one hand reasonable to handle and can easily be carried by a person and spent on the spot, but on the other hand, not too small, so as to keep the workload for the production of a wall covering as low as possible.

Preferably, the width of the blocks is at least about 15, their height at least about 10 and also their depth at least about 10 cm, the maximum dimensions for width, height and depth are preferably 35, 25 and 25 cm, but deviations from these dimensions readily permissible and possible, and the dimensions are based essentially on practical aspects such as handling and processing costs. In this sense, dimensions in the range of the maximum and minimum dimensions given above are currently considered optimal. Conveniently, the blocks, especially if they are natural stone or salt blocks, are so carved and mosaic-like along their circumference that the gap area remaining between the blocks is less than 10% and preferably less than 5% of the total area covered by the blocks , In this way, one can ensure an overall picture of the wall cladding, which, for example, is very close to the wall of a corresponding salt mine tunnel.

As already mentioned, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the anchors introduced into the blocks are designed as threaded bolts and, moreover, according to a preferred variant, are provided with anchoring lugs, which are screwed onto the threaded bolts via a corresponding threaded lug. Furthermore extend through these anchoring eyelets in the preferred embodiment of the invention reinforcing iron of the casting or attached to the reinforcing iron hook parts.

In the particularly preferred variant of a building according to the present invention, this is designed as a spa and / or sauna room.

It has been found that, in particular, a sauna room lined with large and voluminous salt crystals provides the user with an extremely pleasant climate, and has very good moisture and heat regulation properties. Also, the air of such a room is enriched in a special way with volatile components of the salt crystals and ionized to a certain extent, which is generally regarded as health-promoting.

Figur 1

einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße, mit Salzkristallen verkleidete Decke,

Figur 2

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus Figur 1,

Figur 3

einen schematischen Querschnitt ähnlich Figur 1, jedoch mit dem zusätzlich darunter angeordneten Sandbett auf einer Schalung und

Figur 4

Eine aus Salzkristallblöcken gemauerte Wandverkleidung.

Further advantages, features and possible applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment and the associated figures. Show it:

FIG. 1

a schematic cross section through a salt-clad ceiling according to the invention,

FIG. 2

an enlarged section FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3

similar to a schematic cross section FIG. 1 , but with the additionally arranged underneath sand bed on a formwork and

FIG. 4

A wall cladding made of salt crystal blocks.

One recognizes in FIG. 1 a total of 20 designated concrete ceiling, which consists of a salted with salt crystals 1 concrete layer 3, which by FIG. 1 Reinforcing irons not shown (see 12 in Fig. 2 ) is reinforced. Immediately below the concrete layer is a screed layer 5, including a sealing film 4, and in the lowest level, which is visible from the underlying space under the ceiling 20, you can see blocks of salt crystals 1, which cover the underside of the ceiling 20 and cover completely. Furthermore, anchors 2 are shown, which extend from bores in the salt crystal blocks 1 into the concrete layer 3 into it. By way of example, only some of the anchors are shown with additional threaded anchoring rings 6 through which preferably reinforcing bars 12 extend, as in the enlargement according to FIG FIG. 2 is shown in more detail.

How to get in FIG. 2 more precisely, the salt crystal block 1 shown there has a substantially flat top surface 13 and otherwise slightly irregular shaped surfaces, the side surfaces are still slightly hewn, so that the blocks fit together a good mosaic, while the bottom is shaped very irregular and the state reflected salt salt from a salt mine, so that the wall or ceiling is very close to the appearance of walls or ceilings of a salt mine tunnel.

Overall, the illustrated salt crystal 1 has approximately the shape of a cuboid, although it may of course also have a pentagonal or hexagonal or irregular plan, which fits into a given or resulting from the assembly of multiple blocks mosaic structure.

This cuboid has two introduced into its upper flat surface 13 mounting holes 11, in each of which a dowel 10 is glued.

In the dowels 10 each anchor bolt 2 is screwed with a corresponding external thread. The anchoring bolt 2 is preferably a bolt with a continuous external thread.

It is understood, however, that the figures are merely schematic representations and under no circumstances should reproduce the proportions to scale. As a rule, the bores 11 are substantially smaller in relation to the entire salt crystal block 1 and are therefore shown larger here in order to better recognize details.

Immediately on the flat surface 13 of the salt crystal blocks 1 is a film 4, which is pierced by the threaded bolt 2.

In order to seal the puncture points of the film 4 as well as possible in the region of the individual threaded bolts 2, a first washer 7 is first slid below the film 4 on all threaded bolts 2, which first comprises a threaded bolt 2, then the film is above it attached and finally a second washer is slid over the bolts 2 and placed on the film 4, so that the film is bordered in the region of each threaded bolt 2 of two washers. In addition, even before the application of the second sealing disc silicone sealant is sprayed around each individual threaded bolt 2 around the film, so that when placing the upper washer 7, the sealing silicone compound 9 well into the gap between the threaded bolt and the film 4 and the washers. 7 pushes. The upper washer 7 is finally tightened or countered by a screwed onto the threaded bolt 8 nut 8.

Above the film 4 is still a screed layer 5, in FIG. 1 hatched and the in FIG. 2 is indicated only by a dashed line upper boundary line 5. As can be seen, the screed layer completely covers the film, the washers and the clamping nuts 8 and forms a flat and dense protective layer for the film 4 around the bolts 2.

After applying the screed layer 5 additional anchoring rings 6, which have an extension piece with a matching internal thread, screwed onto the threaded bolt 2. Then, reinforcing bars for the concrete layer to be applied to the screed layer 5 are placed above the screed layer 5, whereby a part of the reinforcing bars 12 extends through the anchoring loops 6. It is understood that preferably all threaded bolts 2 are provided with corresponding anchoring eyelets 6 and that also extends through all anchoring eyelets 6 each a reinforcing bar 12 or a hook is passed through the eyelets 6, on the other hand is attached to one of the reinforcing bars or with a further hook end embraces a reinforcing iron. After the reinforcing bars (including the armor not engaging in the anchoring loops) are correspondingly arranged, a concrete layer 3 is poured onto the screed layer 5, the foil being protected by the screed layer 5 against the action of coarse-grained concrete components.

The arrangement of the salt crystal blocks 1 in the in FIG. 1 recognizable manner takes place before applying the film, the screed layer and the concrete layer in a sand bed, which was applied to a slab formwork. This is in FIG. 3 shown in more detail. In the order of manufacture, therefore, first the slab formwork 14 is prepared and then a thick sand bed 16 is applied to the slab formwork.

The individual salt crystal blocks 1 are prepared in such a way that first their substantially planar surface 13 is prepared, for example by sawing larger blocks, and that subsequently introduced the holes 11, the dowels are inserted or glued and the threaded bolt 2 in the holes 11th or the dowels 10 are screwed in, wherein the screwing in of the bolts preferably takes place before the curing of the dowel adhesive. Then the individual salt crystal blocks 1 placed in the sand bed 16 and embedded so deep that they define as possible with adjacent salt crystal blocks a common, planar surface. The side surfaces of the individual salt crystal blocks are expediently cut so that only very narrow joints 17 remain between the individual blocks 1. Again, it should be noted that the proportions in FIG. 1 not necessarily in accordance with the actual conditions and that the salt crystal blocks 1 in relation to their width can also be much thicker, the joints are generally narrower in relation to the size of the salt crystal blocks and the salt crystal blocks otherwise well divergent from each other forms, ie are not necessarily cuboid but, apart from the irregular surface structure, generally have the basic shape of any parallelepiped.

If desired, for the corresponding hemming of the individual salt crystal blocks 1, these blocks are initially also placed on a separate sand bed and according to their floor plan form mosaic so that the entire cross-sectional area of the joints 17 remains as small as possible and the joint width is kept relatively low everywhere. The individual crystal blocks can then be correspondingly numbered transferred to the actual formwork, to then be arranged there in the same way in the sand bed 16.

Subsequently, the first, lower washers 7 are pushed onto the threaded bolt 2 and then the film 4 is applied, wherein it is pierced by the threaded bolt 2. It may be expedient if the upper edge of the threaded bolt 2 is deliberately sharp-edged to punch at the location of the threaded bolt 2 each matching holes in the film 4. Thereafter, as already mentioned, a thin silicone strand is applied around the bolt on the film, the second washer 7 is placed and tightened by the nut 8. Thereafter, the screed layer 5 can be applied, optionally also before the anchoring rings 6 can be screwed onto the bolt 2. Then, as already mentioned, the application of the reinforcing bars 12 and the casting of the concrete layer 3. When the concrete 3 has cured sufficiently, the formwork 14 can be removed together with the sand bed 16 thereon and then optionally the now exposed bottom of the salt crystal blocks including the joints 17 between them with compressed air or cleaned with a jet of water.

In FIG. 2 In addition, a bore 18 in the crystal block 1 is shown, with corresponding holes 18 are provided at least in part of the crystals, preferably in all crystals. Projecting into the bore 18 can be seen a schematically indicated optical fiber 19, which can be passed through the film 4 via a hose, not shown. For the implementation of the optical fiber 19, however, threaded sleeves could be used, which could be used and sealed like the bolts 2, but are hollow to to be able to pass a corresponding optical fiber 19. Instead of the optical fiber 19 and a light-emitting diode could be arranged in the bore 18.

Optionally, the anchoring bolts 2 may be formed as hollow shafts with a central bore, with the lower end face of the dowel 10 would have to be removed. In this case, hoses for the passage of glass fibers or power supplies for light emitting diodes could be pushed through the hollow anchoring shafts 2 to the top of the holes 11, in which case, however, these feedthrough hoses would have to be sealed against corresponding screw sleeves 2.

A masonry wall cladding of salt crystal blocks is in section in FIG. 4 shown.

In FIG. 4 you can see the cross section of a brick wall of salt crystal blocks 1. On the left side of the FIG. 4 one sees first hatched a load-bearing wall 21 made of concrete or bricks or the like. The salt crystal blocks 1 are trimmed so that they have somewhere in the middle or near their outer, visible area contact with each other and rest on each other, while the rear, the supporting wall 21 facing portion of the Joints 17 is filled with a mortar-like two-component adhesive, which also produces an adhesive bond of the blocks 1 with the supporting wall 21. Each of the blocks still has a bore 18 with an inserted optical fiber 19, wherein the optical fibers 19 are passed together by means of hoses together between the supporting wall 21 and the veneer layer of the blocks 1 and at a common or a few points out through the Wall 21 can be passed. Accordingly, a light source is located away from the salt crystal blocks 1 and illuminates a whole bundle of optical fibers which individually extend into and illuminate the various salt crystal blocks 1 from inside, so that the substantially transparent salt crystal blocks represent lighting elements and the wall as a whole acts as a luminous wall , This brings out the aesthetic effect of the individual salt crystal blocks particularly well.

It is understood that in connection with the Figures 1-3 illustrated embodiment, the optical fibers and corresponding power cables could be performed in a similar manner by hoses within the screed layer 5 or along the joints near the film 4 and at a few points from there to the outside, if this appears simpler in the context of the concrete production of a ceiling or wall ,

For the purposes of the original disclosure, it is to be understood that all features as embodied in the present specification, drawings and claims are intended to be a matter of particular character Persons skilled in the art, even if they have been described concretely only in connection with certain further features, can be combined individually or in any combination with other features or feature groups disclosed herein, unless this has been expressly excluded or technical circumstances make such combinations impossible or pointless , On the comprehensive, explicit representation of all conceivable combinations of features is omitted here only for the sake of brevity and readability of the description.

Claims (24)

1. A method of fastening solid components (1) in the form of blocks (1) to ceilings (3) and/or walls (3) comprising the following features:

   a) producing or selecting an approximately flat surface (13) on each of the components,

   b) introducing and fixing at least one respective anchor (2) in at least one respective opening (11) in the flat surface (13) of the components (1) in such a way that a respective part of the anchors (2) projects out of the flat surface (13),

   c) applying a pouring material (3) forming the load-bearing part of a wall (3) or ceiling (3) to the flat surfaces (13), wherein the projecting parts of the anchors (2) are embedded in the pouring material (3) and after hardening of the pouring material (3) form a fixed bond of the components (1) to the hardened pouring material (3), characterised by

   d) before step (c) arranging the components (1) at or on a shuttering (14) to which a thick bed of sand (16) is applied, into which the blocks (1) are respectively embedded with the flat side (13) with the anchor (2) upwardly to such a depth that their flat surfaces (13) define substantially a common flat or curved surface.
2. A method according to claim 1 characterised in that the components (1) are arranged in the form of a substantially area-covering mosaic.
3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that joins (17) remaining between the components (1) are sealed off before application of a pouring material (3).
4. A method according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterised in that applied to the flat surfaces (13) of the components is a common covering film (4) which is pierced only by the parts of the anchors (2), that project out of the flat surfaces (13) of the components (1).
5. A method according to claim 4 characterised in that the piercing points of the film (4) in the region of the anchors (2) are respectively sealed off separately against the pouring material (3) from passing therethrough.
6. A method according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the anchors (2) are fixed in the component (1) with dowels (10) glued in the blocks (1).
7. A method according to claim 4 or one of the claims appended to claim 4 characterised in that firstly a thin screed layer (5) is applied to the film (4), the thickness thereof being markedly less than the length of the anchor portions (2) protruding out of the flat surfaces (13) of the components (1).
8. A method according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterised in that concrete is used as the pouring material (3), the concrete being reinforced with reinforcing iron members (12).
9. A method according to claim 8 characterised in that prior to application of the pouring material (3) the reinforcing iron members (12) are connected in positively locking relationship to the anchors (2) of the components (1).
10. A method according to one of claims 1 to 9 characterised in that blocks (1) of an at least partially transparent material are used as the component (1).
11. A method according to claim 10 characterised in that salt crystal blocks (1) are used as the component (1).
12. A method according to one of claims 1 to 11 characterised in that the blocks (1) are laid one upon the other in the manner of a natural stone wall and are joined together by a two-component adhesive which is mortar-like after mixing with mineral substances, in particular a two-component epoxy resin.
13. A method according to claim 12 characterised in that the mortar-like two-component adhesive is applied to and between the components (1) only in the region of an invisible rear wall (13) of the wall formed by the components (1).
14. A method according to one of claims 1 to 13 characterised in that bores (18) for receiving light sources (19) are produced in the rear side of the components (1).
15. A building comprising at least a wall (3) and/or ceiling (3) clad by components (1) which are fastened to a load-bearing part of the wall (3) or ceiling (3) and which are generally uneven but have at least one flat side, characterised in that the wall and/or ceiling is produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 14 so that the approximately flat surfaces (13) of the components (1) are so arranged that they define substantially a common flat or curved surface, wherein a pouring material forming the load-bearing part of the wall or ceiling is applied on the flat side and wherein anchors which are introduced into and fixed in an opening in the flat surfaces of the components protrude from the flat surface (13) and are embedded in the pouring material and thus form a fixed bond between the hardened pouring material and the components.
16. A building according to claim 15 characterised in that the wall (3) and/or the ceiling (3) of the building are respectively covered to more than 30% with solid salt crystal blocks (1).
17. A building according to claim 13 characterised in that the ceiling (3) and at least the upper third of the walls (3) are respectively substantially completely covered with salt crystal blocks (1).
18. A building according to claim 15 in which blocks (1) of an at least partially transparent material are used as the components (1), characterised in that at least a part of the components (1) are lit from behind or by light sources (19) introduced from the rear side (13) thereof into bores (18).
19. A building according to one of claims 15 to 18 characterised in that the components (1) on average respectively cover more than 200 cm² and in particular between 300 and 600 cm² of a wall or ceiling surface (3).
20. A building according to one of claims 15 to 19 characterised in that the components (1) are hewn along their periphery and assembled mosaic-like such that the join area remaining between the components (1) is less than 10% and preferably less than 5% of the area totally covered by the components (1).
21. A building according to one of claims 15 to 20 characterised in that the anchors (2) are in the form of threaded bolts.
22. A building according to claim 21 characterised in that anchoring eyes (6) provided with a suitable screwthread are screwed on to at least some of the anchors (2).
23. A building according to claim 22 characterised in that reinforcing iron members (12) of the pouring material (3) or hook portions fastened to the reinforcing iron members (12) extend through the anchoring eyes (6).
24. Use of a building according to one of claims 15 to 23 as a wellness and/or sauna room.

Images