EP2140992A2 - Manufacturing construction elements, especially wall or facade elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves filling an intermediate space (40) between a visible-sided three dimensional arrangement and a rear-sided material structure (12) with a filling material i.e. self-compacting concrete. The structure is permanently connected with the arrangement by the material. Parts such as element, clinker brick (5), facade element and structure element, of the three dimensional arrangement are held over the structure in a desired position and direction. A structural element is formed from the material structure, the filling material in the space and from the parts of the arrangement. An independent claim is also included for a structural element e.g. wall element and facade element, manufactured as a composite material-finished part for mounting at or in a building, comprising a material structure.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing components, in particular of wall or facade elements, as a composite material precast elements for mounting on site or in a building. The invention further relates to components of this kind, which can be produced in particular according to the manufacturing method.

In particular, for the renovation of historic building facades, for the reconstruction of historic buildings or parts of such buildings, but also in the construction of new buildings using molds of the facades and walls according to historical templates, the desire is on the one hand for a true to original realization of the desired form elements. On the other hand, buildings should or must comply with the current standards that apply to the construction, reconstruction and renovation of buildings. For example, When designing the façade, not only the external form must be taken into consideration, but also the statics and the frequently applicable regulations with regard to heat and sound insulation as well as fire protection and summer thermal insulation of the building.

Another aspect in the design of walls and facades after historical models are the high costs for the production of the forms. In addition, modern load-bearing structures (e.g., reinforced concrete skeletons) of modern buildings are not always designed to carry massive and heavy natural stone (e.g., sculptural) moldings anywhere.

Façades designed according to historical models often contain the mentioned natural stone moldings. As an alternative to natural stone, however, any other suitable material (in particular concrete) can also be used to reproduce the historical form. In addition, historic facades often contain clinkered surfaces and / or plastered surfaces in addition to several natural stone moldings.

From the prior art are known facade elements that are manufactured as prefabricated parts for installation on buildings. For example, it is off US 4,223,502 Such a facade element known, which consists of a plurality of thin plates of selected Stone material, such as granite or marble, is formed, wherein the plates are connected to each other on the back of anchors and glass reinforced concrete. Here, the stone slabs are first arranged with the visible side down in a mold, then the anchors are mounted in the back of the plates and then both the plates and the anchors are coated with the glass fiber reinforced concrete. The curing of the mixture can take place within or without a supporting form. Optionally, an insulating layer can subsequently be applied to the rear side, for example by being sprayed on or fastened by a plurality of glued-on pins with the aid of fastening means.

A disadvantage of such facade elements and the corresponding manufacturing process are the complex attachment of the insulation and the fact that only plate-shaped, thin natural stone elements can be integrated into the finished part.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and a device of the type mentioned, which make it possible, on a visible side of the device, e.g. the façade outside forms, any, also e.g. to attach projecting moldings, e.g. designed according to historical models.

It is proposed to arrange parts of a three-dimensional arrangement, which are to form a visible side of the component, at a distance above a material structure which is to form a rear side of the component, so that a gap is formed between the visible three-dimensional arrangement and the rear material structure. Since the parts of the three-dimensional arrangement for the visible side are arranged above the rear material structure, arbitrarily shaped parts can be used for the visible-side three-dimensional arrangement. In particular, elaborately designed three-dimensional shapes such as ornaments and sculptures based on historical models, but also clinker bricks or plastered wall elements can be used as parts of the three-dimensional arrangement.

The gap between the three-dimensional arrangement on the visible side and the rear material structure is filled with a filling material, so that the Filler permanently bonds the back material structure to the parts of the visual three-dimensional array and keeps the parts of the visual three-dimensional array in the desired position and orientation. Thus, a composite component is formed at least from the rear side material structure, the filling material and the parts of the visible three-dimensional arrangement. The rear-side material structure may be, for example, one or more elements of heat-insulating and / or sound-insulating material. Alternatively or additionally, the rear-side material structure, in particular on the side facing the three-dimensional arrangement, can have one or more load-distributing plates which absorbs or absorbs at least the weight force exerted on the rear-side material structure by the filling material during and after filling of the filling material into the intermediate space and effects a distribution of this load on the substrate or the elements of the material structure underneath, for example, is suitable as a load-distributing plate, a plasterboard or calcium silicate plate.

Self-compacting concrete is preferably used as filling material for filling the intermediate space. Self-compacting concrete is understood to mean concrete which vents only under the influence of gravity. It is therefore also called self-ventilating concrete. Such concrete is z. For example, in the publication "Self-compacting concrete - another development step of the 5-component system concrete" by Horst Grube and Jörg Rickert, concrete technical reports, published on the Internet at "http://www.vdz-online.de/fileadmin/gruppen / vdz / 3LiteraturRecherche / Betontechnische_Berichte / 039-048_SVB_5Stoff.pdf "(access date: June 26, 2008).

However, other materials are also suitable for the filling material, eg conventional concrete, plastic, in particular synthetic resin, concrete with plastic impact substances, in particular synthetic resin, and / or other materials suitable for joining the three-dimensional arrangement and the material structure. In particular, when using any concrete as a filler material a reinforcement may be present, for example of steel, glass fibers, steel fibers and / or plastic fibers.

Because of the generally different materials from which the device is formed, the device may also be referred to as a hybrid device.

In particular, the parts of the three-dimensional arrangement can be made of any solid, permanently dimensionally stable material, e.g. made of clay, ceramics, natural stone, artificial stone, concrete, glass.

In particular, shaped pieces in different sizes and / or of different materials can be part of the three-dimensional arrangement on the visible side. In this case, the shaped pieces can be incorporated into different materials and differently structured surfaces formed by different materials from other parts of the three-dimensional arrangement.

It is an advantage of the present invention that the components can be manufactured in such a way that, given any configuration of the three-dimensional arrangement on the visible side, they nevertheless satisfy the respective general technical structural-physical requirements with regard to statics, heat protection, sound insulation and / or fire protection. In particular, the components may be self-supporting and / or even designed so that they fulfill a supporting function for other parts of the building. The components can be designed as required for the interior or the exterior (in particular facade) of a building. In particular, when used as a facade element, the device can be hung on the outside of a supporting structure of the building. In all cases, in particular when used as a facade element and as an inner wall element, the back can be configured as a building wall for the interior. For example, the surface of the component can be formed on the rear side by a plate-shaped element (such as, calcium silicate, plasterboard, natural stone slabs), which can also carry any paint.
Furthermore, it is possible to provide the finished part before its delivery to the building with additional elements that are needed for the structure. These include, for example, electric lines, water pipes, other lines (eg for gaseous media such as compressed air), built-in parts that are to be installed in walls of buildings (eg cabinets for building services) and / or steel plates or other Metal plates (eg to reinforce the device and / or as a shield against electromagnetic fields). In particular, molded parts, such as stucco, can also be attached to the rear side.

It is a further advantage of the invention that the three-dimensional arrangement can be produced on the visible side in an automated manner already in the factory in which the components are manufactured. For example, in order to produce a visible side according to historical models, a historical facade can be detected with optical means (eg by scanning) with respect to its three-dimensional shape, for example. Alternatively, especially when the historic façade no longer exists, it can be planned, for example on the basis of photographs, how the visual page should be designed. In both cases it is preferred that computer files are created as a result of the planning or optical detection, which contains the information about the form to be produced on the visible side and optionally also the information about the materials to be used for this purpose. For example, it is easily possible in this way to disassemble the facade to be produced in parts, which are realized by a respective component. With these respective data related to a component, the visible side of the respective component can then be computer-controlled, for example produced using robots or other numerically controlled machines. Subsequently, the three-dimensional arrangement for the component can be assembled, positioned and aligned from the parts thus produced, in order then to connect them to the material structure at the rear side of the component via the filling material. The advantage of using computer files containing the information about the three-dimensional form on the visible side is that databases can be created which contain possible shapes, eg sorted by style epochs and / or by motifs. Further information, eg about the building, which forms the template for the form to be produced on the visible side, about the control of the method for producing the molded parts for the visible side (eg
Control parameters for a milling machine) and / or method steps in the production of other parts of the three-dimensional arrangement or the production of the arrangement of the various parts may also be stored in the computer file associated with the device to be manufactured.

The component produced in particular according to the method described in this description has a three-dimensional arrangement of a plurality of parts which are to form a visible side of the component. It also has a material structure which forms a rear side of the component. A filler disposed between the visible three-dimensional array and the back material structure permanently bonds the back material structure with the parts of the three-dimensional three-dimensional array and holds and carries the parts of the three-dimensional visual system in the desired position and orientation.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the filler material has been introduced into a gap between the face-side three-dimensional assembly and the backside material structure after the face-side assembly and the backside material structure have been positioned in the desired manner relative to each other. In particular with initially liquid or pasty filling materials, but also with crosslinking filling materials, it is apparent to the person skilled in the art that the filling material has entered into a permanent retaining connection both with the parts of the visible three-dimensional arrangement and with the material structure, which inserts it into the intermediate space has been. If the filling material had not been introduced into the intermediate space and it had not unfolded its binding effect there, an additional connection to the parts or to the material structure would be required, for example via an adhesive or an additional layer of the filling material. Compared to such an additional compound, the invention has the advantage that the process for producing the compound is simpler. In addition, the compound produced by the filler material in a single step can be made more homogeneous and therefore more reliable. The risk of cavities and / or separations occurring at an interface between two connecting layers is eliminated. Another advantage is that the relative position and relative orientation of the material structure on the back side and the parts of the three-dimensional arrangement on the visible side (ie on the front side) can be adjusted precisely and after filling and curing or crosslinking of the filling material, these relative Position and alignment is maintained exactly. On the other hand, would the material structure or parts of the visible side Arrangement subsequently attached to the filler material, an exact positioning or alignment is at least very difficult to produce.

Based on a structural analysis, e.g. X-ray diffraction analysis can be used to determine if the parts of the face-side assembly were down during fabrication of the component and, therefore, components of the filler material have moved down in joints between the visible portions. Traces or components are thus detectable.

In particular, the three-dimensional arrangement may have at least one part which protrudes from a wall plane which is formed on the visible side by the three-dimensional arrangement. For example, the protruding part can correspond to a historical architectural facade element of a building facade with regard to its form.

In order to position and align the parts of the three-dimensional arrangement relative to the material structure on the rear side, at least a part of the three-dimensional arrangement can be connected to the rear material structure via at least one connecting element before the filling material is introduced into the intermediate space. A corresponding component therefore has a connecting element extending through the filling material, which connects at least part of the three-dimensional arrangement to the rear-side material structure. For example, the connecting element may be made of metal, for example an iron material customary for concrete construction. According to a particular embodiment, the connecting element has a thread and cooperates with the thread another part of the connecting element, so that by a corresponding screwing the length of the connecting element and thus the distance between the part of the three-dimensional arrangement and the rear material structure can be adjusted. In this way an exact positioning and alignment is possible. In this case, the filling material preferably permanently fixes the set state of the connecting element, so that the connecting element also contributes to the fact that the relative position and relative orientation no longer change.

More generally, the connector is configured such that it allows adjustment of its length and thus the distance between the rear material structure and the at least part of the three-dimensional arrangement prior to introduction of the filler material, but not adjustment of the length of the connector in the finished component is more possible because the filling material firmly connects the rear material structure with the three-dimensional arrangement and / or because the filler fixes the connecting element in its set length.

To adjust the length of the connecting element, a thread is not mandatory. For example, For example, the connecting element can be designed so that it has a part in the manner of a telescope, which can be adjusted relative to the other part of the connecting element by pure linear movement.

In particular, when several components are manufactured in the manner according to the invention as finished parts and together form a wall or part of a wall or a facade, an exact positioning of the component to the building should be possible. For this purpose, it is proposed that a measuring point is located on the component at at least one predefined location, the position of which and preferably also its orientation with respect to the component during positioning and alignment of the component on the building can be tracked. This makes it possible to move the component until the at least one measuring point (preferably several measuring points are provided) lies at a predefined position of the building.

Alternatively or additionally, a recess and / or a projection is arranged on the component at a predefined position, preferably on a circumferential edge of the component, which lies between the visible side and the rear side. Preferably, an adjacent component, which is to form an adjacent part of the wall or facade, also has a corresponding projection and / or a corresponding recess at a predefined position of the component. When the components are arranged next to one another on the structure, the at least one projection on the one component engages in the corresponding at least one recess on the adjacent component, so that the relative position of the two adjacent components is reliably achieved in a desired, predetermined manner. The locations on the components on which the recesses or projections are formed can also be referred to as control points, since they enable a precise arrangement of the components. Such control points can not only serve to position two adjacent components in a predetermined manner relative to each other. Rather, it can also be achieved with the aid of one or more control points on a component that the component is precisely positioned and aligned with other parts of the building (eg a load-bearing reinforced concrete structure).

Control points can be realized, in particular, by integrating a body into the filling material or by fastening the body to a holder on a body, the body having a recess and / or a projection. In the case of a recess, the body z. B. a cavity whose walls are formed by the body and which has an opening on at least one side. The opening in the direction of an outer side of the component may in particular have a circular, rectangular or square cross section. It is preferable that the body is made of a dimensionally stable material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion. As materials for the body are in particular fiber reinforced plastic, ceramic (especially technical ceramics) and / or stainless steel in question.

• Dadurch, dass die Teile der dreidimensionalen Anordnung für die Sichtseite des Bauelements oberhalb von der Materialstruktur an der Rückseite angeordnet werden, ist eine präzise Ausrichtung und Anordnung der Teile für die Sichtseite möglich, wobei die Teile in beliebiger Weise geformt sein können. Insbesondere ist daher eine präzise Kontrolle möglich, ob die Anordnung den Vorgaben und/oder Wünschen des Bauherrn entspricht. Dabei kann sich eine Ebene, die durch die Materialstruktur an der Rückseite oder durch die Teile der dreidimensionalen Anordnung definiert ist, d.h. eine Ebene entlang der vorderseitigen oder der rückseitigen Oberfläche des herzustellenden Bauelements, nicht nur in der Horizontalen ausgerichtet sein, sondern kann auch geneigt sein. Z.B. kann die Neigung bis zu 60° betragen. Vorzugsweise beträgt sie jedoch maximal 45°. Eine Neigung hat den Vorteil, dass das Füllmaterial beim Einfüllen in den Zwischenraum in den am höchsten gelegenen Bereich des Zwischenraums eingefüllt werden kann und sich bis zu den tiefer gelegenen Bereichen des Zwischenraums aufgrund seiner Gewichtskraft bewegt.
• Es können beliebige Materialien für die Gestaltung der sichtseitigen dreidimensionalen Anordnung verwendet werden. Da die Sichtseite oben liegt und daher nach dem Einfüllen des Füllmaterials nicht das Gewicht des Füllmaterials und der Materialstruktur an der Rückseite tragen muss, kommen auch Materialien mit geringer Dichte und/oder Materialen in Frage, die unter Last verformt werden.
• Die Herstellung der Bauelemente kann computergesteuert erfolgen. Daher ist eine automatische Herstellung von Bauelementen möglich. Auch können bereits früher hergestellte Bauelemente wieder reproduziert werden.
• Wegen der Anordnung der Teile der Sichtseite oberhalb der rückseitigen Materialstruktur kann der Abstand zur Materialstruktur an der Rückseite, d.h. die Höhe des Zwischenraums, auf einfache Weise so ausgeführt werden, dass das fertige Bauelement den gewünschten statischen Anforderungen entspricht. Soll z.B. das Bauelement nicht nur selbsttragend sein, sondern auch andere Gebäudeteile tragen, kann eine größere Höhe des Zwischenraums und damit eine größere Dicke der durch das Füllmaterial gebildeten Schicht gewählt werden.
• Die Teile der sichtseitigen dreidimensionalen Anordnung können auf verschiedene Weise über der rückseitigen Materialstruktur positioniert werden und dort gehalten werden. Soll auch zur Gewährleistung der Stabilität des fertigen Bauelements eine Armierung eingesetzt werden, die die Materialstruktur an der Rückseite mit den Teilen an der Sichtseite verbindet, kann diese Armierung zum Halten der Teile an der Sichtseite genutzt werden. Es ist jedoch auch möglich oder kann zusätzlich so verfahren werden, zumindest ein Teil an der Sichtseite von oben, d.h. von außerhalb des Zwischenraums zu halten. Hierzu wird vorzugsweise eine an die Form, Größe und Position der Teile der dreidimensionalen Anordnung anpassbare Haltevorrichtung eingesetzt. Auf ein Ausführungsbeispiel wird noch eingegangen. Z.B. können einzelne Teile der dreidimensionalen Anordnung, z.B. Mauersteine und/oder Klinkersteine, von oben durch eine solche Haltevorrichtung gehalten werden, während der Zwischenraum mit dem Füllmaterial gefüllt wird.

In addition to the possibility of precise positioning of the components according to the invention, the following may be mentioned as an advantage of the invention:

• By arranging the parts of the three-dimensional arrangement for the visible side of the component above the material structure on the rear side, precise alignment and arrangement of the parts for the visible side is possible, wherein the parts can be shaped in any desired manner. In particular, therefore, a precise control is possible, whether the arrangement corresponds to the specifications and / or wishes of the client. In this case, a plane which is defined by the material structure at the back or by the parts of the three-dimensional arrangement, ie a plane along the front or the back surface of the component to be produced, not only in can be oriented horizontally, but can also be inclined. For example, the inclination can be up to 60 °. Preferably, however, it is at most 45 °. An inclination has the advantage that the filling material can be filled in the intermediate space in the highest area of the gap when filling and moves to the lower areas of the gap due to its weight.
• Any materials may be used for the design of the visible three-dimensional arrangement. Since the viewing side is on top and therefore does not have to carry the weight of the filling material and the material structure on the back after filling the filler, also low-density materials and / or materials are under load, which are deformed under load.
• The production of the components can be computer controlled. Therefore, an automatic production of components is possible. Also previously manufactured devices can be reproduced again.
• Because of the arrangement of the parts of the visible side above the rear material structure, the distance to the material structure at the back, ie the height of the gap, can be carried out in a simple manner so that the finished component meets the desired static requirements. If, for example, the component is not only to be self-supporting, but also to carry other parts of the building, a greater height of the intermediate space and thus a greater thickness of the layer formed by the filling material can be selected.
• The parts of the visible three-dimensional arrangement can be positioned and held over the rear material structure in various ways. If a reinforcement is also used to ensure the stability of the finished component, which connects the material structure on the back with the parts on the visible side, this reinforcement can be used to hold the parts on the visible side. However, it is also possible or can be additionally moved to keep at least a part on the visible side from above, ie from outside the gap. This is preferably done a customizable to the shape, size and position of the parts of the three-dimensional arrangement holding device used. An embodiment will be discussed. For example, individual parts of the three-dimensional arrangement, eg bricks and / or clinker bricks, can be held from above by such a holding device, while the intermediate space is filled with the filling material.

Fig. 1

eine dreidimensionale Ansicht auf ein Bauelement,

Fig. 2

eine Mehrzahl von Teilen der sichtseitigen dreidimensionalen Anordnung, hier baugleiche Teile, die von einer Haltevorrichtung gehalten werden, um einen darunter liegenden Zwischenraum mit dem Füllmaterial zu füllen,

Fig. 3

ein Bauelement bei seiner Herstellung, während das Füllmaterial in den Zwischenraum eingefüllt wird, und

Fig. 4

einen Schnitt durch ein Bauelement, das als Teil einer Fassade eines Gebäudes mit anderen Gebäudeteilen verbunden ist.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The individual figures of the drawing show:

Fig. 1

a three-dimensional view of a component,

Fig. 2

a plurality of parts of the visible three-dimensional arrangement, here identical parts, which are held by a holding device to fill an underlying gap with the filling material,

Fig. 3

a component in its manufacture, while the filling material is filled in the intermediate space, and

Fig. 4

a section through a component that is connected as part of a facade of a building with other parts of the building.

Fig. 1 shows a component in three-dimensional view, with pointing to the right front a visible side S of the component 1 can be seen. The back R is accordingly left in the back in the illustration. The visible side S is formed by a large number of individual parts and building materials. To name a few of the parts, profiled elements 3a-3d are arranged around the window opening 2 like a frame around a window opening 2 extending through the component 1, from the visible side S to the rear side R. The elements 3a-3d are shaped, for example, according to historical models and made of natural stone.

Level wall surfaces around the window opening 2 and around the elements 3 are formed by the material of a facade plaster (eg cement plaster), wherein the Cleaning material, like front left in Fig. 1 is recognizable, is supported by a plurality of clinker bricks 5, preferably clay. These clinker bricks 5 are also part of the three-dimensional arrangement on the visible side S.

Above the window opening 2 is located on the visible side of a solid, preferably made of natural stone facade element 7, which was also formed according to historical templates and has a protruding beyond the outer wall plane defined by the plaster projection 7a. Also below the window opening 2 are parts 9 of the visible three-dimensional arrangement, which form on the visible side S a three-dimensional, not running in the plane of the plaster surface shape.

The surface of the component 1 at the rear side R is formed by a layer 12 of heat-insulating material. This layer 12 is located at a distance to the parts 3, 5, 7, 9 at the front of the device 1. This space is filled by a filling material 10, which is preferably a selbstverdichtender concrete. At the level of the structural elements 9 and at the level of the profiled part 7, a horizontal reinforcing element 11 a, 11 b, e.g. made of structural steel.

At the peripheral edge of the component 1, from the edge pieces front left and top in Fig. 1 can be identified, control points (to explain the concept of control points see above) can be formed. In the embodiment of Fig. 1 are two control points on the upwardly facing edge surface of the peripheral edge and are designated by the reference numeral 8. There may be other control points, eg at the in Fig. 1 be formed on the left front side edge piece shown and / or on the side edge piece opposite this lateral edge piece. Fig. 1 shows the device 1 in an orientation, as would be the case on a building facade. About the control points 8, the device can be accurately connected to adjacent facade elements, eg also inventively designed components.

In the following, the production of components according to the invention will now be discussed. Fig. 2 shows in three-dimensional, interrupted representation of a holding device 21, which has a plurality of clamping jaws 22. The jaws 22 serve to parts of the three-dimensional arrangement, here in the exemplary embodiment, the clinker bricks 5 of the device 1 according to Fig. 1 to hold while the filler material is filled in the space between the visible side three-dimensional arrangement and the rear material structure. The jaws 22 are elongated elements which extend in joints between the parts to be held. They are pressed by unspecified means, for example by air pressure, against each other, so as to clamp the parts to be held between them.

In the embodiment shown here, the clamping jaws 22 at their visible outer edges each have a projecting part 24 which forms a through hole through which a single continuous rod 26 extends therethrough to position the clamping jaws 22 with respect to their penetration into the arrangement of the parts to be held , In other words, the eyelets in parts 24 and the rod 26 cause, at least in the in Fig. 2 illustrated embodiment, the clamping pool 22 all the same distance from the in Fig. 2 projecting top side S in the joints between the clinker bricks 5. By a dot-dash line 28 in Fig. 2 the depth level is indicated, up to the (in the Fig. 2 from below), the filling material 10 extends (eg again self-ventilating concrete), after the filling material in the space between the parts 5 of the three-dimensional arrangement and the in Fig. 2 was filled, not shown back material structure was filled. After filling and curing of the filling material 10, the clamping jaws 22 are relieved, so that they no longer clamp the clinker bricks 5 between them, and removed from the joints between the clinker bricks 5 upwards.

Fig. 3 shows a similar device as the device 1 according to Fig. 1 during production. The rear material structure 12, for example, in turn made of a heat-insulating material, is arranged at the bottom, for example on a production table or a mold, which also forms a substantially flat support surface as in a production table and additionally (not in Fig. 3 shown) laterally towering Has walls to prevent leakage of the filling material laterally from the gap.

As right and left in Fig. 3 can be seen, the gap 40 is laterally closed by elements 39a, 39b (eg steel), wherein in the elements 39a, 39b each have a control point 31 a, 31 b is embedded or formed therein. These terminating elements 39 are preferably already arranged in the respective desired position prior to filling the filling material into the intermediate space 40 and are preferably connected both to parts of the three-dimensional arrangement (here a clinker brick 5 or a molded part 37) and also to the rear-side material structure 12. The closure elements 39 also have the function that they prevent leakage of the filling material in places. Therefore, no casting mold is needed at these locations.

Bottom left in Fig. 3 It can be seen that components required for the building can be embedded in the rear material structure, here for example a box 38 for an electrical installation. Right below in Fig. 3 is indicated that subsequently, after the manufacture of the device, on the back of other components can be attached, here with the reference numerals 43, 44, 45 designated plate-shaped objects (eg stone or a layer of plaster), wherein the plates also have projections can, as is the case with the objects 44, 45. It is also possible to provide these articles 43-45 before filling the filling material in the intermediate space 40 as part of the rear material structure, for example to connect firmly with the insulating material 12. However, care must be taken in this case on a suitable support of the rear material structure, which allows projections as in the objects 44, 45.

The three-dimensional arrangement consists in the embodiment of Fig. 3 from three-dimensionally shaped parts 33, 36, 37, which are formed, for example, according to historical models, as well as substantially cuboidal elements 5, 32. Also, to form a substantially flat surface, for example, is formed on the outside of the visible side of a cleaning material 4, a plate-shaped object or material region 49 may be provided, which closes the gap between the parts 36, 37 in the embodiment.

After the parts of the three-dimensional array have been positioned and aligned on the visible side in the predetermined manner, so that they form the gap 40 to the rear material structure 12, in the gap 40, the filler material is introduced. For this purpose, the intermediate space has at least one filling opening laterally at the peripheral edge of the overall arrangement and / or between the parts of the visible three-dimensional arrangement, through which the filling material is introduced into the intermediate space 40. Preferably, in turn, either at the laterally peripheral edge, but preferably between the parts of the visible three-dimensional arrangement, vent openings are provided, can escape through the air from the gap 40, when the filler material is filled.

After filling the filling material into the intermediate space 40, it is waited until the filling material has achieved its binding effect, e.g. until it has cured, set, and / or has formed crosslinking structures in the filler material. Thereafter, any holding devices that are not part of the component and / or molds may be removed. The finished component can now be used as a finished part for use in a building.

This in Fig. 4 shown component is already mounted as part of a building to other parts of the building 65, for example via an armature 63 and other means.

The representation in Fig. 4 is to be understood schematically and does not correspond to the orientation of the device as a facade element to the building. The top in Fig. 4 represented visible side is located on the building rather on the outside of a facade, ie the representation according to Fig. 4 is drawn rotated by 90 °.

There are in Fig. 4 partly the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 used. The elements and parts designated by the same reference numerals correspond to the parts and elements in FIG Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 or are the same with these. The following is on the peculiarities of the arrangement or the component in Fig. 4 received. Top in Fig. 4 is a cuboid block 54 drawn. However, this is a block of raw material from which part 55 is formed which is approximately in the middle of the arrangement of parts on the visible side is shown. On the right next to the part 55, a likewise elaborately formed part 53 can be seen. Left of the part 55 several clinker bricks 5 are again arranged. In particular, the part 55, but also the part 53 are connected by means of length-adjustable connecting elements 57 with the rear material structure 61, 12. It is compared to the embodiment of Fig. 1 in addition to the layer of heat-insulating material 12, a load-distributing plate 61 is provided, wherein the layer 12 and load-distributing plate 61 are both parts of the rear-side material structure. For example, the plate 61 is bonded to the heat-insulating material 12. The load-distributing plate 61 has the function of distributing the loading forces exerted from above, in particular the parts 52, 55, but also of the filled filler uniformly over the surface of the rear material structure, so that the layer of insulating material 12 is not pressed in places. In addition, the load-distributing plate 61 preferably has the function of supporting the heat-insulating material 12. The material structure with the load-distributing plate 61 can also be used in other embodiments of a component.

The length-adjustable connecting elements 57 are preferably attached to them formed feet 69 on the load-distributing plate 61, for example, glued or screwed. In the embodiment shown here, the length-adjustable connecting elements 57 have in their foot 69 an internal thread into which a rod-shaped element 71, which extends from the foot 69 to the bearing and to be positioned part 53, 55, with one on the rod-shaped element 71 trained external thread is screwed. For example, by rotating the foot 69, the rod-shaped member 71 can be moved up or down so that the overall length of the connecting member changes and the part 53, 55 carried by the connecting member or members 57 is positioned at a corresponding distance from the load-distributing plate 61 becomes. After the lengths of the links 57 have been adjusted, the feet 69 of the links 57 (if desired) may be fixed to the load distributing plate 61 (or, in alternative embodiments, to other parts of the backside material structure) (eg, by a locknut 73), so that the set Position and orientation of parts is secured on the visible side. Now, the filling material can be filled in the intermediate space 60.

It should be pointed out here to a detail: The armature 63 is connected via a holding device with a defined breakpoint 42 on a side member 39 of the device with this. The armature 63 is adjustable at the stopping point 42 with respect to its relative position to the component (eg displaceably held and fixable in a guide). Therefore, an exact, positionally accurate attachment of the device to the building is possible.

Claims (15)

Method for producing structural elements (1), in particular wall or façade elements, as composite material prefabricated parts for on-site assembly on or in a building, wherein: - Parts (3, 5, 7, 9) of a three-dimensional arrangement of one or more materials to form a visible side of the device (1), at a distance above a material structure (12), which form a back of the device (1) should be arranged so that a gap is formed between the visible three-dimensional arrangement and the rear material structure (12), - Parts (3, 5, 7, 9) of the visible three-dimensional arrangement are fixed in a desired position and orientation and - The gap between the view-side three-dimensional arrangement and the rear material structure (12) is filled with a filling material (10), so that the filling material (10) the rear material structure (12) with the parts (3, 5, 7, 9) of the visible side permanently connecting three-dimensional arrangement holding the parts (3, 5, 7, 9) of the visible three-dimensional arrangement in the desired position and orientation and at least from the rear material structure (12), from the filling material (10) in the intermediate space and from the parts (3, 5, 7, 9) of the visible three-dimensional arrangement, the component (1) is formed. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the three-dimensional arrangement comprises at least one part (3, 7, 9) which protrudes from a wall plane which is formed on the visible side by the three-dimensional arrangement and in particular in its shape a historical architectural facade element of a building facade equivalent. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a part (53, 55) of the three-dimensional arrangement is connected via at least one connecting element (57) with the rear material structure (12) before the filling material (60) is introduced into the intermediate space. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein, by changing the length of the connecting element (57), the distance between the rear-side material structure (12, 61) and the at least one part (53, 55) of the three-dimensional arrangement is adjusted before the filling material (60) in the space is introduced. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least at a predefined position (8) at a peripheral edge of the component (1), which extends from the visible side to the back, a recess and / or a projection is arranged. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the space between the face-side three-dimensional array and the backside material structure (12) is filled with self-compacting concrete as the filling material. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein individual parts of the three-dimensional arrangement, in particular bricks and / or clinker bricks (5) are held from above by a holding device (21) while the intermediate space is filled with the filling material. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein on the side facing the rear material structure (12) side of the three-dimensional arrangement, a reinforcement is applied before the filler material is introduced into the intermediate space. Component (1), in particular a wall or facade element and in particular produced according to one of the preceding method claims, as a composite material prefabricated part for on-site assembly on or in a building, the building element comprising: a three-dimensional arrangement of several parts (3, 5, 7, 9) forming a visible side of the component (1), a material structure (12) which forms a back side of the component (1), - A filling material (10), which is arranged between the visible side three-dimensional arrangement and the rear material structure (12), connects the rear material structure (12) with the parts (3, 5, 7, 9) of the visible three-dimensional arrangement permanently and holds and carries the parts (3, 5, 7, 9) of the visible three-dimensional arrangement in the desired position and orientation. Component according to the preceding claim, wherein the three-dimensional arrangement comprises at least one part (3, 7, 9) which protrudes from a wall plane which is formed on the visible side by the three-dimensional arrangement, and in particular a historical architectural facade element of a building facade in its Form corresponds. Component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a part (53, 55) of the three-dimensional arrangement is connected to the rear material structure (12, 61) via at least one connecting element (57) which extends through the filling material (60). Component according to the preceding claim, wherein the connecting element (57) is designed such that, before introducing the filling material (60), an adjustment of its length and thus the distance between the rear material structure (12, 61) and the at least one part (53 , 55) of the three-dimensional arrangement, wherein in the finished component (1) adjustment of the length of the connecting element (57) is no longer possible, since the filling material (60) the rear material structure (12, 61) fixed to the three-dimensional arrangement connects and / or because the filler fixes the connecting element in its set length. Component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least at a predefined position (8) on a peripheral edge of the component (1), which extends from the visible side to the back, a recess and / or a projection is arranged. Component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the filling material is self-compacting concrete. Component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein on the side facing the rear material structure side of the three-dimensional arrangement, a reinforcement (57) is mounted, which extends into the filler material and / or extending through the filler material to the rear material structure.

Images