EP1633485A1 - Device for grinding up non-metallic pieces - Google Patents

Device for grinding up non-metallic pieces

Info

Publication number
EP1633485A1
EP1633485A1 EP04741488A EP04741488A EP1633485A1 EP 1633485 A1 EP1633485 A1 EP 1633485A1 EP 04741488 A EP04741488 A EP 04741488A EP 04741488 A EP04741488 A EP 04741488A EP 1633485 A1 EP1633485 A1 EP 1633485A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base
comb
teeth
grinding
electrically
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04741488A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1633485B1 (en
Inventor
Richard Diaz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PL04741488T priority Critical patent/PL1633485T3/en
Publication of EP1633485A1 publication Critical patent/EP1633485A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1633485B1 publication Critical patent/EP1633485B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/148—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers specially adapted for disintegrating plastics, e.g. cinematographic films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/24—Drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/04—Safety devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C2018/168—User safety devices or measures in shredders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C2018/188—Stationary counter-knives; Mountings thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the recycling sector of non-metallic materials. It thus relates to an apparatus for grinding non-metallic parts capable of reducing granules to a piece of plastic material in particular.
  • non-metal part recycling machines comprise a grinding device for generating granules that can be reused to manufacture new parts by injection or extrusion, for example.
  • metal parts can be introduced into the grinding device because serving for example means for securing the parts to be ground on a structure, for example automobile bumpers fixed by metal rivets on the frame.
  • metal parts may on the one hand to damage the teeth of the mill and on the other hand to plug the injection nozzles or extrusion during the subsequent use of the granules.
  • the detection of the metal parts is not carried out inside the grinding devices. This operation is traditionally done upstream of grinding, inside the supply mechanism of the parts to be milled, for example by heavy magnetic means to implement and expensive.
  • the document FR 2,700,278 thus describes a feed system for an apparatus for grinding non-metallic parts.
  • This system is equipped with a device for detecting metal parts by means of a bar arranged longitudinally in the machine and electrically isolated from the frame of the machine. A circuit is then closed when a metal piece is both in contact with the bar and the frame.
  • this detection device does not detect metal parts embedded in the non-metallic material. In addition, it is located upstream of the mill and therefore, it is common that metal parts reach the grinding apparatus, causing significant damage. Similarly, metal parts can be introduced between the two operations, which can damage the mill and clog the injection or extrusion nozzles.
  • the invention aims to remedy this disadvantage in a simple, safe and effective manner.
  • the invention proposes to perform the detection of metal parts located inside a grinding apparatus on the one hand, and then to control the automatic shutdown of the grinding apparatus on the other hand, in particular for grinding apparatus with low rotational speed of the mill shaft.
  • a grinding apparatus of non-metallic parts having a motorized rotating shaft within a receptacle.
  • the shaft is provided with a plurality of teeth for shredding and grinding non-metallic parts.
  • the teeth are arranged radially in rows on the periphery of the shaft so as to cooperate, during their rotation, with the teeth of at least one fixed comb, secured to the receptacle and delimiting the receptacle in an upper portion located above the comb and a lower part located below the comb.
  • the fixed comb comprises an electrically conductive base, brought to a determined potential, and an electrically conductive surface oriented toward the upper part of the receptacle, electrically isolated from the base, and carried to a potential different from that of the base.
  • the electrically conductive surface electrically insulated from the base of the comb is in the area of supply of non-metallic parts of the grinding apparatus.
  • a metal piece comes into simultaneous contact with this conductive surface and the base of the comb, it then creates "a short circuit", or more simply varies the resistance that can be associated with a particular Wheatstone bridge. It is then deduced from this variation or state change that a metal part is present in the non-metallic material supply zone of such a grinding apparatus.
  • the grinding apparatus may comprise a plurality of combs capable of detecting the presence of metal parts, which are arranged on either side of the longitudinal median plane of the apparatus.
  • the combs make it possible to delimit the apparatus in two volumes, the first volume being the volume of supply, also called the upper part of the apparatus when the supply is made by gravity, the second volume receiving the granules of Non-metallic materials, also called the bottom of the device when the supply is done by gravity.
  • the electric potentials of the base of the comb and the teeth of the motorized rotating shaft are identical. Indeed, the distance between these two elements being very small, a potential difference between these two elements could be at the origin of an electric arc, which would close the circuit and disrupt the effectiveness of the detection.
  • the base of the comb and the teeth of the motorized rotating shaft has zero potential. In this case, they are connected to the ground of the device.
  • the conductive surface consists of a conductive plate held on the base of the comb by at least one electrically isolated clamping element.
  • the electrically isolated clamping element is a screw with the same potential as that of the base. This screw then passes through a hole in the plate and then blocks the plate by means of its head.
  • An electrically insulating curable material is then interposed between the base, the plate and the screw, so as to electrically isolate the base plate.
  • the conductive surface consists of a conductive metal profile, inserted into a groove etched within the base, and coated with an insulating resin. This profile is inserted into the groove previously filled with glue, the upper surface thus produced undergoing a grinding step, removing the resin on the conductive surface to ensure conduction.
  • the conductive plate is electrically connected to a control unit of the apparatus.
  • the control unit stops the rotation of the motorized shaft and sends information to a display.
  • This display then allows the operator of the device to know the origin of the shutdown of the device.
  • This display may be according to the chosen embodiment, a light or a message on a device type screen. The operator must then remove the metal part forming the short circuit, then reactivate the start of the device.
  • FIG. a cross-sectional view of the mill according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of two combs capable of detecting the presence of metal parts in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a comb according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation seen from above of a comb according to a second embodiment of the invention:
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line V - V of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a plurality of juxtaposed combs made according to the second embodiment of the invention.
  • the invention relates to an apparatus for grinding non-metallic parts comprising at least one fixed comb capable of detecting the presence of metal parts inside said grinding apparatus.
  • the grinding apparatus (1) comprises a receptacle within which is delimited an upper portion (5), wherein the non-metallic parts (2) to be ground are introduced.
  • a motorized rotating shaft (11) is disposed in the lower part (6) of the grinding apparatus (1).
  • the shaft (11) is provided with a plurality of teeth (8) arranged radially in rows on the periphery of the shaft. It also comprises one or more large knives (9), extending radially relative to the shaft and capable of splitting the large non-metallic parts (2) introduced into the apparatus.
  • the teeth (8, 9) cooperate, when rotating, with the teeth (15) of at least one fixed comb (4). This zone then delimits the boundary between the upper part (5) and the lower part (6) of the grinding apparatus (1).
  • the comb (4) can decompose into two portions (4a, 4b) with a central clearance to let the knives (9). It also has teeth (15) allowing the teeth (8) of the motor shaft to rotate freely while generating granules from the cooperation of the teeth (8) and (15) between them.
  • the comb comprises an electrically conductive base (41, 42), and raised to a determined potential, and an electrically conductive surface (14) oriented towards the upper part (5). ) of the mill (1), and brought to a potential different from that of the base (41, 42), so as to detect the presence of metal parts by closing the electrical circuit thus formed.
  • the potential for the base (41, 42) is the mass of the apparatus (1).
  • the surface (14) of the comb (4) is made by means of conductive plates (43, 44) electrically insulated from the base (41, 42) of the comb (4). .
  • Each conductive plate (43, 44) is held relative to the comb (4) by means of two screws (47).
  • Each of the screws (47) passes through a bore (48) formed in the plate (43, 44) and blocks the plate (43, 44) at the end of its head.
  • the screw (47) is electrically insulated from the plate (43). In this way, the potential of the screw is that of the base (41) of the comb (4a).
  • a groove (50) is produced on the upper face of the base, in particular by machining, extending substantially all or part of its periphery, in addition to its median.
  • This groove is intended to receive the upper conductive surface (14), which in this case is constituted by a metal conductive section (51) of shape corresponding to said groove.
  • This profile is coated for example by dipping an insulating resin, such as polyamide, to a thickness of about three tenths of a millimeter. Once the resin dries, the groove (50) is filled with glue, for example cyanoacrylate, and then said profile (51) is pressed into the groove (50). When the glue has set, the upper surface of the comb is subjected to a rectification, allowing it to be flattened, and especially to reveal the upper conductive face of the profile (51).
  • glue for example cyanoacrylate
  • Such an embodiment avoids using a mechanical connection between the conductive surface and the base of the comb.
  • the plate (43, 44) or the profile (51) is connected by a wire element (45, 46) to the control unit of the apparatus (1).
  • a metal piece comes into contact with both the plate (43, 44) or the profile (51) and the base (41, 42) of the comb (4), an electric circuit is then closed, and the control unit automatically stops the rotation of the motorized shaft (1 1). It then sends information to a display to allow the operator to see the cause of the shutdown of the device (1).
  • the profiles (51) are brought into contact with each other by means of a set screw (52) or provided with at both ends of a ball, and coated with an outer shell (53) made of a non-electrically conductive material and having a thread.
  • This screw is received in a bore (54) formed at the side face of each of the combs and opening at the groove (50) which they are provided, so as to be in contact with the conductive section (51). .
  • an apparatus according to the invention has many advantages, in particular: "It makes it possible to considerably reduce the risks created by the presence of metal parts inside a crushing apparatus. of that type ; • it adapts very easily to grinding machines used in industry; • its simplicity of operation makes it a safe and inexpensive instrument.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Adjustment And Processing Of Grains (AREA)

Abstract

The shredder consists of at least one driven rotary shaft (11) with teeth (8), located inside a container holding non-metallic articles to be shredded. The teeth are designed to interact with others (15) on one or more fixed combs (4, 4a, 4b) between upper and lower compartments of the container, and each comb has an electrically-conducting base (41, 42) that is raised to a given potential, and a conducting surface (14) facing the upper part of the container, insulated electrically from the base and raised to a different potential to detect the presence of metallic particles by closing the electrical circuit created. The comb bases and shaft teeth carry the same electrical potential, which can be zero, and the conducting surfaces (14) are in the form of plates attached to the bases by insulated fastenings or by screws passing through layers of self hardening insulating material between the plates and bases. The conducting plates are connected to a control unit that stops the shaft when a metal component closes the circuit.

Description

APPAREIL DE BROYAGE DE PIECES NON METALLIQUES. APPARATUS FOR MILLING NON-METALLIC PARTS.
Domaine TechniqueTechnical area
L'invention se rapporte au secteur du recyclage de matériaux non métalliques. Elle concerne ainsi un appareil de broyage de pièces non métalliques apte à réduire en granulés une pièce en matériau plastique notamment.The invention relates to the recycling sector of non-metallic materials. It thus relates to an apparatus for grinding non-metallic parts capable of reducing granules to a piece of plastic material in particular.
Elle vise plus particulièrement un moyen de détection de la présence de pièces en matériau métallique à l'intérieur de l'appareil.It is more particularly a means for detecting the presence of metal material parts inside the device.
Art antérieurPrior art
De façon générale, les machines de recyclage de pièces non métalliques comporte un dispositif de broyage pour générer des granulés aptes à être réutilisés pour fabriquer de nouvelles pièces par injection ou extrusion par exemple.In general, non-metal part recycling machines comprise a grinding device for generating granules that can be reused to manufacture new parts by injection or extrusion, for example.
II arrive cependant que des pièces métalliques peuvent être introduites dans le dispositif de broyage car servant par exemple de moyen de solidarisation des pièces à broyer sur une structure, par exemple des pare-chocs automobiles fixés par des rivets métalliques sur le châssis. Or, si les pièces métalliques pénètrent dans le broyeur , elles risquent d'une part d'endommager les dents du broyeur et d'autre part de boucher les buses d'injection ou d'extrusion lors de l'utilisation postérieure des granulés.It happens however that metal parts can be introduced into the grinding device because serving for example means for securing the parts to be ground on a structure, for example automobile bumpers fixed by metal rivets on the frame. However, if the metal parts enter the mill, they may on the one hand to damage the teeth of the mill and on the other hand to plug the injection nozzles or extrusion during the subsequent use of the granules.
La détection des pièces métalliques n'est pas réalisée à l'intérieur des dispositifs de broyage. Cette opération se fait traditionnellement en amont du broyage, à l'intérieur du mécanisme d'approvisionnement des pièces à broyer, par exemple par des moyens magnétiques lourds à mettre en œuvre et coûteux.The detection of the metal parts is not carried out inside the grinding devices. This operation is traditionally done upstream of grinding, inside the supply mechanism of the parts to be milled, for example by heavy magnetic means to implement and expensive.
Le document FR 2 700 278 décrit ainsi un système d'alimentation pour un appareil de broyage de pièces non métalliques. Ce système est équipé d'un dispositif de détection des pièces métalliques au moyen d'une barrette disposée longitudinalement dans la machine et isolée électriquement du châssis de la machine. Un circuit est alors fermé lorsqu'une pièce métallique est à la fois en contact avec la barrette et le châssis.The document FR 2,700,278 thus describes a feed system for an apparatus for grinding non-metallic parts. This system is equipped with a device for detecting metal parts by means of a bar arranged longitudinally in the machine and electrically isolated from the frame of the machine. A circuit is then closed when a metal piece is both in contact with the bar and the frame.
Cependant, ce dispositif de détection ne permet pas de détecter les pièces métalliques noyées dans le matériau non métallique. En outre, il est situé en amont du broyeur et par conséquent, il est fréquent que des pièces métalliques parviennent jusqu'à l'appareil de broyage, provoquant alors des dégâts importants. De même des pièces métalliques peuvent être introduites pas erreur entre les deux opérations ce qui peut endommager le broyeur et boucher les buses d'injection ou d'extrusion.However, this detection device does not detect metal parts embedded in the non-metallic material. In addition, it is located upstream of the mill and therefore, it is common that metal parts reach the grinding apparatus, causing significant damage. Similarly, metal parts can be introduced between the two operations, which can damage the mill and clog the injection or extrusion nozzles.
Exposé de l'inventionPresentation of the invention
L'invention s'est fixée pour but de remédier à cet inconvénient d'une manière simple, sûre et efficace.The invention aims to remedy this disadvantage in a simple, safe and effective manner.
L'invention se propose de réaliser la détection des pièces métalliques situées à l'intérieur d'un appareil de broyage d'une part, et de commander alors l'arrêt automatique de l'appareil de broyage d'autre part, notamment pour des appareils de broyage à faible vitesse de rotation de l'arbre du broyeur.The invention proposes to perform the detection of metal parts located inside a grinding apparatus on the one hand, and then to control the automatic shutdown of the grinding apparatus on the other hand, in particular for grinding apparatus with low rotational speed of the mill shaft.
Pour résoudre un tel problème, il a été conçu et mis au point un appareil de broyage de pièces non métalliques comportant un arbre tournant motorisé au sein d'un réceptacle. L'arbre est pourvu d'une pluralité de dents destinées à déchiqueter et broyer les pièces non métalliques. Les dents sont disposées radialement en rangées sur la périphérie de l'arbre de façon à coopérer, lors de leur rotation, avec les dents d'au moins un peigne fixe, solidarisé au réceptacle et délimitant le réceptacle en une partie supérieure située au dessus du peigne et une partie inférieure située au dessous du peigne. Selon l'invention, le peigne fixe comprend une base conductrice de l'électricité, portée à un potentiel déterminé, et une surface conductrice de l'électricité orientée en direction de la partie supérieure du réceptacle, isolée électriquement de la base, et portée à un potentiel différent de celui de la base. Cette configuration permet de détecter la présence de pièces métalliques par fermeture du circuit électrique entre la surface et la base.To solve such a problem, it has been designed and developed a grinding apparatus of non-metallic parts having a motorized rotating shaft within a receptacle. The shaft is provided with a plurality of teeth for shredding and grinding non-metallic parts. The teeth are arranged radially in rows on the periphery of the shaft so as to cooperate, during their rotation, with the teeth of at least one fixed comb, secured to the receptacle and delimiting the receptacle in an upper portion located above the comb and a lower part located below the comb. According to the invention, the fixed comb comprises an electrically conductive base, brought to a determined potential, and an electrically conductive surface oriented toward the upper part of the receptacle, electrically isolated from the base, and carried to a potential different from that of the base. This configuration makes it possible to detect the presence of metal parts by closing the electrical circuit between the surface and the base.
Autrement dit, la surface conductrice de l'électricité isolée électriquement de la base du peigne, se trouve dans la zone d'approvisionnement en pièces non métalliques de l'appareil de broyage. Lorsqu'une pièce métallique vient au contact simultané de cette surface conductrice et de la base du peigne, elle crée alors "un court-circuit", ou plus simplement fait varier la résistance qui peut être notamment associée à un pont de Wheatstone. On déduit alors de cette variation ou de ce changement d'état, qu'une pièce métallique est présente dans la zone d'approvisionnement en matériaux non métalliques d'un tel appareil de broyage.In other words, the electrically conductive surface electrically insulated from the base of the comb, is in the area of supply of non-metallic parts of the grinding apparatus. When a metal piece comes into simultaneous contact with this conductive surface and the base of the comb, it then creates "a short circuit", or more simply varies the resistance that can be associated with a particular Wheatstone bridge. It is then deduced from this variation or state change that a metal part is present in the non-metallic material supply zone of such a grinding apparatus.
Selon l'invention, l'appareil de broyage peut comporter une pluralité de peignes aptes à détecter Ia présence de pièces métalliques, qui sont disposés de part et d'autre du plan médian longitudinal de l'appareil. Autrement dit, les peignes permettent de délimiter l'appareil en deux volumes, le premier volume étant le volume d'approvisionnement, également appelé la partie supérieure de l'appareil lorsque l'approvisionnement se fait par gravité, le deuxième volume recevant les granulés de matériaux non métalliques, également appelé la partie inférieure de l'appareil lorsque l'approvisionnement se fait par gravité.According to the invention, the grinding apparatus may comprise a plurality of combs capable of detecting the presence of metal parts, which are arranged on either side of the longitudinal median plane of the apparatus. In other words, the combs make it possible to delimit the apparatus in two volumes, the first volume being the volume of supply, also called the upper part of the apparatus when the supply is made by gravity, the second volume receiving the granules of Non-metallic materials, also called the bottom of the device when the supply is done by gravity.
Avantageusement, les potentiels électriques de la base du peigne et des dents de l'arbre tournant motorisé sont identiques. En effet, la distance entre ces deux éléments étant très minime, une différence de potentiel entre ces deux éléments pourrait être à l'origine d'un arc électrique, ce qui fermerait le circuit et perturberait l'efficacité de la détection. En pratique, la base du peigne et les dents de l'arbre tournant motorisé présente un potentiel nul. Dans ce cas, elles sont reliés à la masse de l'appareil.Advantageously, the electric potentials of the base of the comb and the teeth of the motorized rotating shaft are identical. Indeed, the distance between these two elements being very small, a potential difference between these two elements could be at the origin of an electric arc, which would close the circuit and disrupt the effectiveness of the detection. In practice, the base of the comb and the teeth of the motorized rotating shaft has zero potential. In this case, they are connected to the ground of the device.
Selon une première forme de réalisation de l'invention, la surface conductrice est constituée d'une plaque conductrice maintenue sur la base du peigne par au moins un élément de bridage isolé électriquement.According to a first embodiment of the invention, the conductive surface consists of a conductive plate held on the base of the comb by at least one electrically isolated clamping element.
En pratique, l'élément de bridage isolé électriquement est une vis au même potentiel que celui de la base. Cette vis traverse alors un perçage ménagé dans la plaque et bloque alors la plaque au moyen de sa tête.In practice, the electrically isolated clamping element is a screw with the same potential as that of the base. This screw then passes through a hole in the plate and then blocks the plate by means of its head.
Un matériau durcissable isolant électriquement est alors intercalé entre la base, la plaque et la vis, de manière à isoler électriquement la plaque de la base.An electrically insulating curable material is then interposed between the base, the plate and the screw, so as to electrically isolate the base plate.
Selon une autre forme de réalisation de l'invention, la surface conductrice est constitué d'un profilé métallique conducteur, inséré dans une rainure gravée au sein de la base, et enduit d'une résine isolante. Ce profilé est inséré dans la rainure préalablement remplie de colle, la surface supérieure ainsi réalisée subissant une étape de rectification, éliminant la résine sur la surface conductrice afin d'assurer la conduction.According to another embodiment of the invention, the conductive surface consists of a conductive metal profile, inserted into a groove etched within the base, and coated with an insulating resin. This profile is inserted into the groove previously filled with glue, the upper surface thus produced undergoing a grinding step, removing the resin on the conductive surface to ensure conduction.
Selon l'invention, la plaque conductrice est reliée électriquement à une unité de contrôle commande de l'appareil. Ainsi, lorsque le circuit est fermé par une pièce métallique à cheval sur la plaque conductrice et la base du peigne, l'unité de contrôle commande stoppe alors la rotation de l'arbre motorisé et envoie une information à un afficheur. Cet afficheur permet alors à l'opérateur de l'appareil de connaître l'origine de l'arrêt de l'appareil. Cet afficheur peut être selon Ie mode de réalisation choisi, un voyant lumineux ou un message sur un dispositif de type écran. L'opérateur doit alors sortir la pièce métallique formant le court-circuit, puis réactiver la mise en marche de l'appareil. Description sommaire des figuresAccording to the invention, the conductive plate is electrically connected to a control unit of the apparatus. Thus, when the circuit is closed by a metal piece straddling the conductive plate and the base of the comb, the control unit then stops the rotation of the motorized shaft and sends information to a display. This display then allows the operator of the device to know the origin of the shutdown of the device. This display may be according to the chosen embodiment, a light or a message on a device type screen. The operator must then remove the metal part forming the short circuit, then reactivate the start of the device. Brief description of the figures
La manière de réaliser l'invention ainsi que les avantages qui en découlent, ressortiront bien de la description des modes de réalisation qui suivent, donnés à titre indicatif et non limitatif, à l'appui des figures annexées dans lesquelles : • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe transversale du broyeur, conformément à l'invention ;The manner of carrying out the invention as well as the advantages which result therefrom will emerge from the description of the embodiments which follow, given by way of indication and not by way of limitation, in support of the appended figures in which: FIG. a cross-sectional view of the mill according to the invention;
• la figure 2 est une vue en perspective de deux peignes aptes à détecter la présence de pièces métalliques conformément à l'invention ;FIG. 2 is a perspective view of two combs capable of detecting the presence of metal parts in accordance with the invention;
• la figure 3 est une vue en coupe d'un peigne conforme à une première forme de réalisation de l'invention ;FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a comb according to a first embodiment of the invention;
• la figure 4 est une représentation schématique vue du dessus d'un peigne conformément à une seconde forme de réalisation de l'invention :FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation seen from above of a comb according to a second embodiment of the invention:
• la figure 5 est une vue en section réalisée selon la ligne V - V de la figure 4.FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line V - V of FIG. 4.
• la figure 6 est une représentation schématique d'une pluralité de peignes juxtaposés, et réalisés selon la seconde forme de réalisation de l'invention.FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a plurality of juxtaposed combs made according to the second embodiment of the invention.
Modes de réalisation de l'inventionEmbodiments of the invention
Comme déjà évoqué, l'invention concerne un appareil de broyage de pièces non métalliques comportant au moins un peigne fixe apte à détecter la présence de pièces métalliques à l'intérieur dudit appareil de broyage.As already mentioned, the invention relates to an apparatus for grinding non-metallic parts comprising at least one fixed comb capable of detecting the presence of metal parts inside said grinding apparatus.
Comme illustré à la figure 1, l'appareil de broyage (1) comporte un réceptacle au sein duquel est délimitée une partie supérieure (5), dans laquelle les pièces non métalliques (2) destinées à être broyées sont introduites. Un arbre tournant motorisé (11) est disposé dans la partie inférieure (6) de l'appareil de broyage (1). L'arbre (11) est pourvu d'une pluralité de dents (8) disposées radialement en rangées sur la périphérie de l'arbre. Il comporte également un ou plusieurs grands couteaux (9), s'étendant radialement par rapport à l'arbre et aptes à fractionner les grandes pièces non métalliques (2) introduites dans l'appareil. Les dents (8, 9) coopèrent, lors de leur rotation, avec les dents (15) d'au moins un peigne fixe (4). Cette zone délimite alors la frontière entre la partie supérieure (5) et la partie inférieure (6) de l'appareil de broyage (1).As illustrated in Figure 1, the grinding apparatus (1) comprises a receptacle within which is delimited an upper portion (5), wherein the non-metallic parts (2) to be ground are introduced. A motorized rotating shaft (11) is disposed in the lower part (6) of the grinding apparatus (1). The shaft (11) is provided with a plurality of teeth (8) arranged radially in rows on the periphery of the shaft. It also comprises one or more large knives (9), extending radially relative to the shaft and capable of splitting the large non-metallic parts (2) introduced into the apparatus. The teeth (8, 9) cooperate, when rotating, with the teeth (15) of at least one fixed comb (4). This zone then delimits the boundary between the upper part (5) and the lower part (6) of the grinding apparatus (1).
Lors de la chute des pièces non métalliques (2) dans l'appareil de broyageWhen falling non-metallic parts (2) in the grinding machine
(1), celles-ci sont tout d'abord plaquées sur le peigne (4), puis déchiquetées progressivement, de façon à former des granulés (7) de matériaux non métalliques à l'intérieur de la partie inférieure (6).(1), they are first plated on the comb (4), then shredded gradually, so as to form granules (7) of non-metallic materials inside the lower part (6).
Tel que représenté à la figure 2, le peigne (4) peut se décomposer en deux portions (4a, 4b) avec un dégagement central permettant de laisser passer les couteaux (9). Il présente également des dents (15) permettant aux dents (8) de l'arbre motorisé de tourner librement tout en générant des granulés de part la coopération des dents (8) et (15) entre elles. Conformément à l'invention, le peigne comprend une base (41, 42) conductrice de l'électricité, et portée à un potentiel déterminé, et une surface (14) conductrice de l'électricité, orientée en direction de la partie supérieure (5) du broyeur (1), et portée à un potentiel différent de celui de la base (41 , 42), de façon à détecter la présence de pièces métalliques par fermeture du circuit électrique ainsi constitué.As shown in Figure 2, the comb (4) can decompose into two portions (4a, 4b) with a central clearance to let the knives (9). It also has teeth (15) allowing the teeth (8) of the motor shaft to rotate freely while generating granules from the cooperation of the teeth (8) and (15) between them. According to the invention, the comb comprises an electrically conductive base (41, 42), and raised to a determined potential, and an electrically conductive surface (14) oriented towards the upper part (5). ) of the mill (1), and brought to a potential different from that of the base (41, 42), so as to detect the presence of metal parts by closing the electrical circuit thus formed.
Avantageusement, le potentiel pour la base (41 , 42) est la masse de l'appareil (1).Advantageously, the potential for the base (41, 42) is the mass of the apparatus (1).
Selon une première forme de réalisation de l'invention, la surface (14) du peigne (4) est réalisée au moyen de plaques conductrices (43, 44) isolées électriquement par rapport à la base (41, 42) du peigne (4). Chaque plaque conductrice (43, 44) est maintenue par rapport au peigne (4) au moyen de deux vis (47). Chacune des vis (47) traverse un perçage (48) ménagé dans la plaque (43, 44) et bloque la plaque (43, 44) au moj'en de sa tête. Tel qu'illustrée à la figure 3, la vis (47) est isolée électriquement par rapport à la plaque (43). De cette manière, le potentiel de la vis est celui de la base (41) du peigne (4a).According to a first embodiment of the invention, the surface (14) of the comb (4) is made by means of conductive plates (43, 44) electrically insulated from the base (41, 42) of the comb (4). . Each conductive plate (43, 44) is held relative to the comb (4) by means of two screws (47). Each of the screws (47) passes through a bore (48) formed in the plate (43, 44) and blocks the plate (43, 44) at the end of its head. As shown in Figure 3, the screw (47) is electrically insulated from the plate (43). In this way, the potential of the screw is that of the base (41) of the comb (4a).
Selon une autre forme de réalisation de l'invention (figures 4 et 5), on réalise sur la face supérieure de Ia base une rainure (50), notamment par usinage, s' étendant sensiblement selon toute ou partie de sa périphérie, outre selon sa médiane. Cette rainure est destinée à recevoir la surface supérieure conductrice (14), qui en l'espèce est constituée par un profilé conducteur métallique (51) de forme correspondant à ladite rainure.According to another embodiment of the invention (FIGS. 4 and 5), a groove (50) is produced on the upper face of the base, in particular by machining, extending substantially all or part of its periphery, in addition to its median. This groove is intended to receive the upper conductive surface (14), which in this case is constituted by a metal conductive section (51) of shape corresponding to said groove.
Ce profilé est enduit par exemple par trempage d'une résine isolante, telle que du polyamide, selon une épaisseur voisine de trois dixièmes de millimètres. Une fois la résine sèche, on remplit la rainure (50) de colle, par exemple du cyanoacrylate, puis on insère en pression ledit profilé (51) au sein de la rainure (50). Lorsque la colle a pris, on soumet la surface supérieure du peigne à une rectification, permettant de l'aplanir, et surtout de révéler la face conductrice supérieure du profilé (51).This profile is coated for example by dipping an insulating resin, such as polyamide, to a thickness of about three tenths of a millimeter. Once the resin dries, the groove (50) is filled with glue, for example cyanoacrylate, and then said profile (51) is pressed into the groove (50). When the glue has set, the upper surface of the comb is subjected to a rectification, allowing it to be flattened, and especially to reveal the upper conductive face of the profile (51).
Une telle forme de réalisation permet d'éviter de faire appel à une liaison mécanique entre la surface conductrice et la base du peigne.Such an embodiment avoids using a mechanical connection between the conductive surface and the base of the comb.
La plaque (43, 44) ou le profilé (51) est reliée par un élément filaire (45, 46) à l'unité de contrôle commande de l'appareil (1 ). Lorsqu'une pièce métallique vient au contact à la fois de la plaque (43, 44) ou du profilé (51) et de la base (41, 42) du peigne (4), un circuit électrique est alors fermé, et l'unité de contrôle commande stoppe automatiquement la rotation de l'arbre motorisé (1 1). Elle envoie alors une information à un afficheur pour permettre à l'opérateur de constater la cause de l'arrêt de l'appareil (1). Afin d'éviter la multiplication des liaisons filaires dans le cas de la mise en œuvre d'une pluralité de peignes, on met en contact les profilés (51) les uns avec les autres au moyen d'une vis pointeau (52) ou munie à ses deux extrémités d'une bille, et revêtue d'une enveloppe extérieure (53) réalisée en un matériau non conducteur de l'électricité et présentant un filetage. Cette vis est reçue dans un alésage (54) ménagé au niveau de la face latérale de chacun des peignes et débouchant au niveau de la rainure (50) dont ils sont munis, de telle sorte à être en contact avec le profilé conducteur (51).The plate (43, 44) or the profile (51) is connected by a wire element (45, 46) to the control unit of the apparatus (1). When a metal piece comes into contact with both the plate (43, 44) or the profile (51) and the base (41, 42) of the comb (4), an electric circuit is then closed, and the control unit automatically stops the rotation of the motorized shaft (1 1). It then sends information to a display to allow the operator to see the cause of the shutdown of the device (1). In order to avoid the multiplication of the wire connections in the case of the implementation of a plurality of combs, the profiles (51) are brought into contact with each other by means of a set screw (52) or provided with at both ends of a ball, and coated with an outer shell (53) made of a non-electrically conductive material and having a thread. This screw is received in a bore (54) formed at the side face of each of the combs and opening at the groove (50) which they are provided, so as to be in contact with the conductive section (51). .
Ce faisant, l'ensemble des profilés est porté au même potentiel, sans être en court-circuit avec la base des peignes.In doing so, all the profiles are brought to the same potential, without being short-circuited with the base of the combs.
Il ressort de la description qui précède qu'un appareil conforme à l'invention présente de multiples avantages, notamment : « il permet de réduire de façon considérable les risques engendrés par la présence de pièces métalliques à l'intérieur d'un appareil de broyage de ce type ; • il s'adapte très facilement sur les appareils de broyage utilisés dans l'industrie ; • sa simplicité de fonctionnement en fait un instrument sûr et bon marché. It follows from the foregoing description that an apparatus according to the invention has many advantages, in particular: "It makes it possible to considerably reduce the risks created by the presence of metal parts inside a crushing apparatus. of that type ; • it adapts very easily to grinding machines used in industry; • its simplicity of operation makes it a safe and inexpensive instrument.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Appareil de broyage (1) de pièces non métalliques (2) comportant au moins un arbre tournant motorisé (11) au sein d'un réceptacle de recueil des pièces non métalliques à broyer, ledit arbre (11) étant pourvu d'une pluralité de dents (8) destinées à déchiqueter et broyer lesdites pièces non métalliques (2), lesdites dents (8) étant disposées radialement en rangées sur la périphérie de l'arbre (11) de façon à coopérer, lors de leur rotation, avec les dents (15) d'au moins un peigne fixe (4, 4a, 4b), solidarisé au réceptacle, et délimitant le réceptacle en une partie supérieure (5) située au dessus du peigne (4, 4a, 4b) et une partie inférieure (6) située au dessous du peigne (4, 4a, 4b), caractérisé en ce que ledit peigne fixe (4, 4a, 4b) comprend une base (41, 42) conductrice de l'électricité, portée à un potentiel déterminé, et une surface (14) conductrice de l'électricité orientée en direction de la partie supérieure (5) du réceptacle, isolée électriquement de ladite base (41, 42), et portée à un potentiel différent de celui de la base (41, 42), de façon à détecter la présence de pièces métalliques par fermeture du circuit électrique ainsi constitué.1. Apparatus for grinding (1) non-metallic parts (2) comprising at least one motorized rotating shaft (11) within a receptacle for collecting non-metallic parts to be ground, said shaft (11) being provided with a plurality of teeth (8) for shredding and grinding said non-metallic parts (2), said teeth (8) being arranged radially in rows on the periphery of the shaft (11) so as to cooperate, when rotating, with the teeth (15) of at least one fixed comb (4, 4a, 4b), secured to the receptacle, and delimiting the receptacle in an upper portion (5) above the comb (4, 4a, 4b) and a portion lower beam (6) located below the comb (4, 4a, 4b), characterized in that said fixed comb (4, 4a, 4b) comprises a base (41, 42) conducting electricity, brought to a determined potential , and an electrically conductive surface (14) oriented towards the upper part (5) of the receptacle, iso electrically from said base (41, 42), and brought to a potential different from that of the base (41, 42), so as to detect the presence of metal parts by closing the electrical circuit thus formed.
2. Appareil de broyage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une pluralité de peignes (3, 4) apte à détecter la présence de pièces métalliques disposés de part et d'autre du plan médian longitudinal de l'appareil de broyage (1).2. grinding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of combs (3, 4) adapted to detect the presence of metal parts disposed on either side of the longitudinal median plane of the apparatus of grinding (1).
3. Appareil de broyage selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que les potentiels électriques de la base (41, 42) et des dents (8) de l'arbre tournant motorisé (11) sont identiques.3. Grinding apparatus according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the electric potentials of the base (41, 42) and teeth (8) of the motorized rotating shaft (11) are identical.
4. Appareil de broyage selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la base (41, 42) et les dents (8) de l'arbre tournant motorisé (11) sont portés à un potentiel nul. 4. Grinding apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the base (41, 42) and the teeth (8) of the motorized rotating shaft (11) are brought to a zero potential.
5. Appareil de broyage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la surface (14) conductrice est constituée d'une plaque conductrice (43, 44) maintenue sur la base (41, 42) par au moins un élément de bridage isolé électriquement.5. Grinding apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the conductive surface (14) consists of a conductive plate (43, 44) held on the base (41, 42) by at least one electrically isolated clamping element.
6. Appareil de broyage selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de bridage isolé électriquement est constitué par une vis (47) portée au même potentiel que celui de la base (41, 42), ladite vis (47) traversant un perçage (48) ménagé dans la plaque (43, 44) et bloquant la plaque (43, 44) au moyen de sa tête.6. Grinding apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the electrically isolated clamping element is constituted by a screw (47) carried at the same potential as that of the base (41, 42), said screw (47) passing through a bore (48) formed in the plate (43, 44) and blocking the plate (43, 44) by means of its head.
7. Appareil de broyage selon la revendications 6, caractérisé en ce qu'un matériau durcissable isolant électriquement (10) est intercalé entre la base (41, 42), la plaque (43, 44) et la vis (47) de manière à isoler électriquement la plaque (43, 44) de la base (41 , 42).Grinding apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that an electrically insulating hardening material (10) is interposed between the base (41, 42), the plate (43, 44) and the screw (47) so as to electrically isolating the plate (43, 44) from the base (41, 42).
8. Appareil de broyage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la surface (14) conductrice est constituée par un profilé conducteur électrique (51 ), reçu dans une rainure (50) de forme complémentaire réalisée sur la surface supérieure du peigne et s'étendant sensiblement selon toute ou partie de sa périphérie, outre selon sa médiane, ledit profilé étant enduit d'une résine isolante préalablement à son collage au sein de ladite rainure.Grinding apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the conductive surface (14) consists of an electrically conductive profile (51) which is received in a groove (50) of complementary shape on the surface. upper of the comb and extending substantially over all or part of its periphery, in addition to its median, said profile being coated with an insulating resin prior to its bonding within said groove.
9. Appareil de broyage selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les profilés (51) d'une même rangée de peigne sont électriquement reliés les uns aux autres au moyen de au moyen de vis pointeau ou munie à leurs deux extrémités d'une bille, et revêtues d'une enveloppe extérieure en un matériau non conducteur de l'électricité et présentant un filetage, chacune lesdites vis étant destinée à être reçue dans un alésage ménagé au niveau de la face latérale de chacun des peignes et débouchant au niveau de la rainure (50) dont ils sont munis, de telle sorte à être en contact avec le profilé conducteur (51).9. Grinding apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the profiles (51) of the same row of comb are electrically connected to each other by means of needle screw or provided at both ends with a ball, and coated with an outer casing of a non-electrically conductive material and having a thread, each said screw being intended to be received in a bore formed at the level of the face side of each of the combs and opening at the groove (50) which they are provided, so as to be in contact with the conductive section (51).
10. Appareil de broyage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la plaque conductrice (43, 44) ou le profilé (51) est relié électriquement à une unité de contrôle commande de l'appareil (1), destinée à stopper la rotation de l'arbre motorisé (11) lorsque le circuit est fermé par une pièce métallique. Grinding apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the conductive plate (43, 44) or the profile (51) is electrically connected to a control unit of the apparatus (1), intended to stop the rotation of the motorized shaft (11) when the circuit is closed by a metal part.
EP04741488A 2003-06-16 2004-04-29 Device for grinding up non-metallic pieces Expired - Lifetime EP1633485B1 (en)

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FR2855986B1 (en) 2005-11-18
WO2004110630A1 (en) 2004-12-23
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JP2006527648A (en) 2006-12-07
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CA2527840C (en) 2011-04-19
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RU2335343C2 (en) 2008-10-10
ATE366141T1 (en) 2007-07-15

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