Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
  • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
  • G06K19/07773—Antenna details
  • G06K19/07786—Antenna details the antenna being of the HF type, such as a dipole
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
  • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
  • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
  • G06K19/07771—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card the record carrier comprising means for minimising adverse effects on the data communication capability of the record carrier, e.g. minimising Eddy currents induced in a proximate metal or otherwise electromagnetically interfering object
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
  • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
  • G06K19/07796—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements on the record carrier to allow stacking of a plurality of similar record carriers, e.g. to avoid interference between the non-contact communication of the plurality of record carriers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
  • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
  • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
  • G06K7/10158—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves methods and means used by the interrogation device for reliably powering the wireless record carriers using an electromagnetic interrogation field
  • G06K7/10178—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves methods and means used by the interrogation device for reliably powering the wireless record carriers using an electromagnetic interrogation field including auxiliary means for focusing, repeating or boosting the electromagnetic interrogation field

Definitions

• the present invention generally relates to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and more particularly relates to a RFID relay device and methods for relaying an RFID signal.
• RFID Radio Frequency Identification
• RFID tags which are also referred to as RFID transponders, associated with one or more objects (e.g., containers, packages, platforms, and the like) for purposes of providing information about the one or more objects.
• RFID tags can provide a RFID interrogator, which is also referred to as a RFID reader, with data that can directly or indirectly provide the information about the object(s).
• the information about the object(s) may be stored and retrieved using any number of techniques and data formats (e.g., digital form), such as part of the RFID response code or alternately maintained in a data base external to the RFID interrogator with a correlation to the RFID identification sent by the RFID tag in response to an interrogation signal.
• FIG. 1 illustrates multiple objects, which in this example are containers 20, having a RFID tag 22 in accordance with the prior art.
• the containers 20 are stacked and/or can be arranged in any number of configurations or arrangements.
• the containers 20 can be arranged for warehouse storage or arranged on a pallet for storage or shipment.
• an RFID interrogator (not shown) to interrogate the RFID tags 22.
• the ability to interrogate the RFID tags 22 at locations other than the exterior or periphery of the stacked arrangement can be less than optimal with containers 20 at least partially obstructing and/or at least partially interfering with a interrogation signal emitted by the RF interrogator and/or interfering with a response signal emitted by the RFID tags 22.
• a RFID relay device for a RFID transponder is provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• the RFID device comprises at least two antennas with a transmission media coupling the two antennas.
• the RFID device also comprises an impedance adjusting circuit coupled to the transmission media and the RFID transponder.
• a RFID object having an RFID transponder is also provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention that at least partially incorporates the RFID relay device.
• the RFID object comprises one antenna at one location of the RFID object and another antenna at another location of the RFID object.
• the RFID object also comprises a transmission line coupling the two antennas and an impedance adjusting circuit coupling the RFID transponder and the transmission line.
• a method of relaying a RFID signal is provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The method comprises the steps of receiving the RFID signal at a first antenna and transmitting the RFID signal from the first antenna to a second antenna.
• the method also comprises the steps of exliibiting a first impedance during the transmitting the RFID signal from the first antenna to the second antenna if the RFID signal has a first power and exhibiting a second impedance during the transmitting the RFID signal from the first antenna to the second antenna if RFID signal has a second power other than the first power.
• FIG. 1 illustrates an arrangement of objects with a RFID tags in accordance with the prior art
• FIG. 2 illustrates an object having a RFID relay device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 3 illustrates another view of the object having the RFID relay device of FIG.
• FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit of at least a portion of the RF relay device of FIG. 2;
• FIG. 5 is an illustration of an object having the RFID relay device that is configured as a container that holds beverage bottles in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 6 is a simplified prospective view of the object of FIG. 5 having the RFID relay device without the beverage bottles;
• FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the container of FIG. 6 taken along lines 7-7;
• FIG. 8 is an illustration of a RFID relay device in accordance with yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary arrangement for connecting an RFID transponder (i.e., RFID tag) to the RFID relay device of FIG. 8 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 10 is an illustration of a stack of objects having the RFID relay device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 11 illustrates a stack of objects having a RFID relay device in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an alternate arrangement for objects having the RFID relay device of FIG. 11 ;
• FIG. 13 is another illustration showing an arrangement of objects having the RFID relay device in according to the present invention.
• FIG. 14 is an illustration of a RFID relay device according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 2 there is schematically illustrated a container 24 having a RFID relay device 23 for a RFID transponder that is configured to relay RFID signals according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• the container 24 in this illustrative example is fabricated by folding fiberboard parts from a blank 30 shown in FIG. 3 as well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
• the container 24 can be fabricated with any number of techniques from any number or materials or combinations or materials and can be any number of objects (e.g., packages, platforms, pallets, bottles, and the like).
• the RFID relay device 23 includes, but is not limited to, at least two antennas (26,27) positioned at different locations.
• the at least two antennas (26,27) can be positioned at the sidewalls (29,31) of container 24 with a transmission line 28 coupling the antennas (26,27).
• the RFID relay device 23 comprises at least two dipole antennas (26,27) and a balanced transmission line 28 at least partially printed on the exterior of the container 24 or comprise the at least two dipole antennas (26,27) formed at least partially on an insert placed that can be placed within the container 24 or attached to an exterior portion of the container 24.
• antennas in addition to the at least two antennas (26,27) can be utilized in accordance with the present invention (e.g., a third antenna, fourth antenna, ...., Nth antenna, where N is an integer greater than four (4)).
• the two or more antennas can be coupled with the transmission line 28 or other transmission lines (e.g., a second transmission line, third transmission line, ...., M transmission line, where M is an integer greater than three (3)).
• the transmission line 28 and antennas (26,27) may be formed of a common resonant structure acting as both antennas and transmission line.
• the RFID tags 32 as shown in FIG. 3 are preferably arranged to receive signals and are coupled to the transmission line 28 or one of the dipole antennas (26,27).
• an exemplary diagram/corresponding exemplary equivalent circuit 41 are provided for the RFID relay device 23 of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 and other subsequently described relay devices.
• At least one signal 34 is received by antenna 26 and transmitted by transmission line 28 to at least the other antenna 27 positioned at a location other than the location of the antenna 26 receiving the, signal 34 (e.g., on two different sidewalls of the container) and the signal 23 is also preferably transmitted to an RFID tag 32.
• the signal 36 which is preferably a near field signal, is radiated from the other antenna 27 and thereafter can be received by an antenna 33 on another container in proximity to the container having the antenna 27.
• the signal 36 can be likewise relayed with another RFID relay device 35 that produces another signal 38 at another antenna 39 for relay to other containers or for reception by an RFID interrogator (not shown).
• RFID interrogation signals or RFID response signals may be relayed through or from objects located within a stack or other arrangement of containers with reduced interference from the containers or contents of the containers (e.g., metallic cans or plastic containers filled with solids or fluids that either reflect, absorb or otherwise interact with signals in the UHF or microwave band).
• the antennas (26,27,33,36,39) can be configured to act as both receiving and transmitting antennas.
• FIG. 4 further illustrates the equivalent circuit for the conductive structures.
• a container 40 having a RFID relay device is shown in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention that can be re-useable and in this illustrative example is adapted to hold bottles 42 of fluid (e.g., beverages).
• the container 40 can be adapted to hold any number of objects in accordance with the present invention.
• the container 40 is preferably made of dielectric material, such as plastic, and includes four (4) sidewalls and a bottom.
• the antennas (26,27) are arranged on the side walls and connected to antennas (26,27) on other side walls with transmission line 28 for relaying RFID tag and RFID response signals to and/or from bottles 42 located within the container 40.
• the antennas (26,27) as shown in the simplified drawings of FIG. 6, are located on opposite sidewalls of container 40 and for simplicity, the drawing of FIG. 5 shows only the antenna 26 on one of the end sidewalls other than the opposite sidewalls of the container 40.
• a cross-section of the bottom wall of the container 40 provides an illustrative example in which the wall of the container 40 is made from upper wall 42 and lower wall 44, which are interconnected by ribs 46 and formed of molded plastic. Ribs 46 can run in the longitudinal direction of the container 40 or may be an egg crate structure, including ribs that run in both directions as known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
• the transmission line 28 is molded within a longitudinal rib 46 of the container 40 or alternately, the transmission line 28 may run in the hollow space between the inner wall 42 and the outer wall 44 of container 40.
• FIG. 8 presents the relay conductive structure according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• the transmission line 28 and dipoles 26 are formed of twisted pair of wires.
• the length of the transmission line 28 is shown as being adjustable by break 50 such that the transmission line can have a length corresponding to the length of the container (not shown).
• the twisted pair of wires forming the transmission line 28 preferably has a relatively low loss and can be made to resonate between the antennas (26,27).
• a tuning structure 52 may be provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, which is shown as an additional pair of twisted wires connected to the transmission line 28.
• An RFID tag 32 may be connected directly to the twisted pair as shown in FIG. 8 or indirectly connected to the twisted pair.
• the RFID tag 32 has less than complete coupling of signals from the RFID relay device so that signals are relayed from the receiving antenna 26 at one end of the package to be radiated by the transmission antenna 27.
• the signal coupled to the RFID tag 32 should be coupled at a level of approximately -7db.
• the signal can be coupled to the RFID tag 32 at any number of levels and the RFID tag can be to the transmission line 28 in accordance with the present invention.
• FIG. 9 illustrates an alternate method of attaching the RFID tag 32 to the twisted wire pair forming the transmission line 28.
• a squeeze-on connector 58 such as the type used to connect trailer electrical connections in an automobile, is used to provide a quick and convenient connection between leads 54 connected to RFID tag 32 and twisted wire pair 56.
• FIG. 10 shows an arrangement of containers 62 having antennas 26 on all four sidewalls and transmission lines 28 interconnecting the antennas on all four sidewalls to other antennas (not shown) in the interior of the stack.
• Signals received by the one of the antennas 26 located at the outer periphery of the containers can be relayed with other antennas (not shown) in the interior of the stack of containers (e.g., a stack of containers on a cargo pallet or in a cargo storage area).
• interrogation of the packages within the stack 60 can be made either from the forward facing or side facing walls thereof in a similar manner.
• FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 illustrate other arrangements 70 of containers 72 that include one relay conductive structure 78 extending horizontally around the container and a pair of RFID relay devices (74,76) extending around the top, bottom and side walls of the container.
• the containers can be stacked in a symmetrical arrangement as shown in FIG. 11 or in an alternate overlapping stacking arrangement 80 as shown in FIG. 12.
• other arrangements of the container, one or more relay structures and non-symmetrical arrangements can be provided in accordance with the present invention, such as the arrangement of beverage containers 40 having beverage bottles arranged in a stack 90 as shown in FIG. 13.
• the input impedance of some RFID tags in the form of straps have an impedance that varies with signal length (e.g., an impedance of about three hundred and thirty ohms (330 ⁇ ) exists when the input signal level is below about negative five decibels (-5 db) and as the signal level exceeds about positive ten decibels (+10 db), the impedance decreases to less than fifty ohms (50 ⁇ )).
• an RFID tag 94 is connected to transmission line 28 by an impedance adjusting circuit comprising matching transmission line 92, which is selected to have a length to present a first impedance level to the transmission line 28 for a first signal power lever and present a second impedance level that is less than the first impedance level to the transmission line for a second signal power level that is less than the first signal power level.
• impedance adjusting circuit comprising matching transmission line 92, which is selected to have a length to present a first impedance level to the transmission line 28 for a first signal power lever and present a second impedance level that is less than the first impedance level to the transmission line for a second signal power level that is less than the first signal power level.
• the RFID tag If the same RFID tag has an impedance of about three hundred and thirty ohms (330 ⁇ ) at low signal level, with the matching transmission line 92 the RFID tag presents an impedance of about thirty and three tenths ohms (30.3 ⁇ ) at about the one hundred ohm (100 ⁇ ) transmission line 28, resulting in stronger coupling of the weak signal to the RFID tag.
• the higher impedance for a strong signal causes de-coupling action and a smaller portion of the signal is coupled to the tag, allowing a higher magnitude signal for tags further down the range in the stack.
• the lower impedance presented for weaker signals allows greater signal strength to be coupled to the tag for detection.
• the maximum signal coupling occurs if the RFID tag 94 and impedance adjusting circuit 92 present an impedance of about fifty ohms (50 ⁇ ) to the transmission line 92 for weak signals.
• a matching transmission line 92 having an impedance of about one hundred and twenty eight and five tenths ohms (128.5 ⁇ ) would cause the impedance presented to the transmission line 28 to be about fifty ohms (50 ⁇ ) for a low signal level and about three hundred and thirty ohms (330 ⁇ ) ohms for a high signal level.

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• 2004
  • 2004-04-27 WO PCT/US2004/013138 patent/WO2004107251A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2004-04-27 EP EP04750843A patent/EP1629443A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-04-27 AU AU2004244182A patent/AU2004244182A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-04-27 CA CA002526577A patent/CA2526577A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-04-27 JP JP2006532491A patent/JP2007515848A/ja active Pending

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