EP1629143A1

EP1629143A1 - Nozzle core for a device used for producing loop yarn, and method for the production of a nozzle core

Info

Publication number: EP1629143A1
Application number: EP04724963A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gotthilf Bertsch
Original assignee: Heberlein Fasertechnologie AG
Current assignee: Heberlein AG
Priority date: 2003-05-27
Filing date: 2004-04-01
Publication date: 2006-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 2024-04-01
Also published as: TWI317768B; BRPI0408161A; RU2316623C2; US20070107410A1; KR20060014427A; CN1795297B; RU2005140653A; US7752723B2; BRPI0408161B1; JP4372788B2; KR100746387B1; EP1629143B1; WO2004106605A1; JP2007501342A; CN1795297A; TW200516182A

Abstract

The invention relates to a ceramic nozzle core and a method for producing a ceramic nozzle core which is part of a device used for producing loop yarn. The inventive ceramic nozzle core is embodied with an approximately constant wall thickness and a reduced size so as to perform the central functions of the yarn processing duct comprising air injection and a yarn outlet for forming loops while being produced in a molding process. In a particularly preferred method, the ceramic nozzle core is injection-molded with high precision. The inventive ceramic nozzle core can be configured in a miniaturized fashion and as part of a two-piece nozzle core, the ceramic nozzle core being inserted into an outer nozzle core jacket. The two-piece nozzle core can be incorporated into a housing known in prior art, for example, as a replaceable nozzle core.

Description

Nozzle core for a device for producing loop yarn and method for producing a nozzle core

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for producing a ceramic nozzle core as part of a device for the production of loop yarn and a nozzle core for a device for producing loop yarn.

State of the art

The term texturing is sometimes understood to mean the refinement of spun filament bundles or the corresponding continuous yarns with the aim of giving the yarn a textile character. In the following description, the term texturing is understood to mean the production of a large number of loops on individual filaments or the production of loop yarn. An older solution for texturing is described in EP 0 088 254. The continuous filament yarn is fed to the yarn guide channel at the inlet end of a texturing nozzle and textured at a trumpet-shaped outlet end by the impact forces of a supersonic flow. The yarn guide channel is cylindrical with a constant cross-section. The entry is slightly rounded for easy insertion of the untreated yarn. There is a guide body at the trumpet-shaped outlet end, the loop formation taking place between the trumpet shape and the guide body. The yarn is fed to the texturing nozzle with a large amount of tradition. The tradition is required for the formation of loops on each individual filament, which results in an increase in titer at the exit end.

EP 0 088 254 was based on a device for texturing at least one continuous yarn consisting of a plurality of filaments. The nozzle contains a yarn guide channel and at least one feed for the pressure medium opening into the channel in the radial direction. The generic nozzle had an outwardly widening outlet opening of the channel and one into the Extending outlet opening, with the same forming an annular gap spherical or hemispherical guide body. It was recognized that in the case of textured yarns, maintaining the yarn properties both during the processing process and after it on the finished product is an important criterion for the use of such yarns. Furthermore, the mixing of two or more yarns and the individual filaments of the textured yarns is of essential importance for achieving a uniform product appearance. Stability is used as a concept of quality.

To determine the instability I of the yarn, skeins of yarn with four turns, each one meter in circumference, are formed on a reel, as explained with the aid of a multifilament yarn on polyester with the titer 167f68 dtex. These strands are then loaded with 25 cN for one minute and the length X is then determined. This is also followed by a load of 1250 cN for one minute. After releasing the strain, the strand is again loaded with 25 cN after one minute and the length y is then determined after a further minute. This gives the value of instability:

Y ^■ XI = - - ^■ 100% X

The instability indicates what percentage of permanent elongation is caused by the applied load. EP 0 088 254 was based on the task of creating an improved device of the type described, with which an optimal texturing effect can be achieved, which ensures high stability of the yarn and a high degree of mixing of the individual filaments. As a solution, it was proposed that, for optimal results, the outer diameter of the convexly curved outlet opening of the channel was at least 4 times the diameter of the channel and at least 0.5 times the diameter of the spherical or hemispherical guide body ( 5) is. Production speeds in a range from 100 to over 600 m / min. found. It is interesting to note that the applicant was able to successfully market corresponding nozzles over a period of over 15 years. The quality of the yarn produced with it was assessed as very good over the period of 1 ¹ / _ decades. However, the desire for an increase in performance was increasingly expressed. With the solution according to EP 0 880 61 1, the applicant achieved a massive increase in performance up to well over 1000 m / min. Yarn transport speed. The main idea for the increase in performance was to intensify the flow conditions in the expanding supersonic channel, ie in the zone where the looping takes place. The yarn tension at the exit from the texturing nozzle was recognized as a special test criterion. Many series of investigations revealed that, in the solution according to EP 0 088 254, the yarn tension after about 600 m / min. Yarn transport speed drops sharply. Ultimately, this is the explanation for the power limitation of these nozzle types. The proposal of EP 0 880 61 1 with the intensification of the flow in the supersonic duct resulted in an unexpected increase in the yarn tension, which allowed the transport speed to be above 1000 m / min. to increase. The quality of the yarn processed was initially judged to be the same, if not better, even at the highest transport speeds. In practice, however, there were surprises that the yarn quality did not meet the desired requirements in many applications.

It was recognized in EP 0 880 61 1 that the first key to quality lies in the yarn tension after the texturing nozzle. The quality can only be improved if the thread tension is increased. The breakthrough was made possible when the flow of the blown air jet was increased over the Mach 2 area. Many test series confirmed that not only does the quality improve, but that the quality is adversely affected by increasing the production speed to an astonishingly small extent. Even a slight increase in the Mach number above 2 already gave significant results. The best explanation for the corresponding intensification of the texturing process is seen in the fact that the speed difference is increased immediately before and after the impact front, which has a direct effect on the corresponding attack forces of the air on the filaments. The increased forces in the area of the butt front cause an increase in the yarn tension. By increasing the Mach number, the action on the front is immediately increased. According to the invention, the law was recognized: higher Mach number = stronger impact = more intensive texturing. The intensified supersonic flow detects the individual filaments of the opened yarn on a wider front and much more intensely, so that no loops can escape laterally over the effective zone of the butt front. Since the generation of the supersonic flow in the acceleration channel is based on the expansion, one obtains through a higher Mach range, e.g. instead of Mach 1, Mach 5, 2.5, also an increase or almost a doubling of the effective outlet cross-section. Various surprising observations were made and confirmed in combination with the new invention: The comparative tests, state of the texturing technology according to EP 0 088 254 and solution in the context of EP 0 880 61 1, revealed the following legal requirements in a remarkably wide range. The texturing quality is at least the same or better at a higher production speed compared to the texturing quality at a lower production speed with a supersonic channel designed for the lower mach area. The texturing process is at air speeds in the impact front of Mach 2, e.g. with Mach 2.5 to Mach 5, so intensely that even at the highest yarn throughput speeds, almost all loops are grasped and well integrated into the yarn. The generation of an air speed in the high Mach range within the acceleration channel means that the texturing no longer breaks down up to the highest speeds. Second, the entire filament composite is routed evenly and directly into the butt front zone within clear outer channel boundaries.

In the acceleration channel, the yarn is drawn in by the accelerating air jet over the corresponding distance, opened further and handed over to the immediately following texturing zone. The blown air jet is then guided to the acceleration channel without being deflected through a discontinuous and strongly widening section. One or more yarn threads with the same or different delivery can be introduced and with a production speed of 400 to over 1 200 m / min. be textured. The compressed air jet in the supersonic duct is accelerated to 2.0 to 6 Mach, preferably to 2.5 to 4 Mach. The best results are achieved if the exit end of the yarn channel is limited by a baffle. The textured yarn is discharged through a gap approximately at right angles to the yarn channel axis.

The entire theoretically effective expansion angle of the supersonic duct should be from the smallest to the largest diameter above 10 °, but below 40 °, preferably within 15 ° to 30 °. According to the current roughness values, an upper limit angle (total angle) of 35 ° to 36 ° has resulted in series production. In a conical acceleration duct, the compressed air is accelerated essentially continuously. The nozzle channel section immediately upstream of the supersonic channel is preferably approximately cylindrical, with the delivery component being blown into the cylindrical section in the direction of the acceleration channel. The pulling force on the yarn is increased with the length of the acceleration channel. The expansion of the nozzle or the increase in the Mach number results in the intensity of the texturing. The acceleration channel should have at least a cross-sectional expansion range of 1: 2.0, preferably 1: 2.5 or greater. It is further proposed that the length of the acceleration channel is 3 to 15 times, preferably 4 to 12 times larger than the diameter of the yarn channel at the beginning of the acceleration channel. The acceleration channel can be completely or partially continuously expanded, have conical sections and / or have a slightly spherical shape. However, the acceleration channel can also be of finely graded design and have different acceleration zones, with at least one zone with greater acceleration and at least one zone with small acceleration of the compressed air jet. If the mentioned boundary conditions for the acceleration channel were met, then the mentioned variations of the acceleration channel proved to be almost equivalent or at least equivalent. The yarn channel then has a strongly convex, preferably a trumpet-shaped yarn channel mouth that extends by more than 40 ° to the supersonic channel, the transition from the supersonic channel to the yarn channel mouth preferably being discontinuous. A decisive factor was also found in the fact that the impact conditions in the texturing space, in particular, can be positively influenced and kept stable with an impact body. A further preferred embodiment of the texturing nozzle is characterized in that it has a continuous yarn channel with a central cylindrical section into which the air supply opens.

All previous investigations could only confirm that the data determined with texturing nozzles with radial air injection into the yarn channel according to EP 0 088 254 is the optimal injection angle for the treatment air at 48 °. As a complete surprise, it was found with the most recent experiments that increasing the injection angle with nozzles according to EP 0 880 61 1 brought about an unexpected increase in the quality of the textured yarn in the first series of experiments. It was subsequently recognized by the inventors that the two process zones,

- opening the yarn and

- the texturing of the yarn

Key features are and must be optimally coordinated. Repeatedly repeated experiments showed that the solution according to EP 0 088 254 is limited in the texturing zone and therefore an increase in the yarn opening brings only disadvantages. From the field of yarn interlacing, which is not the subject of the present application, it is known that the yarn opening effect is greatest at an injection angle of 90 °. The aim of the interlacing is to form regular knots in the yarn. As an example of the swirling, reference is made to DE 195 80 019. In contrast, knots must not be present on the textured yarn. There is a limit for the injection angle for the two fundamentally different methods of knot formation and loop formation. The various functions for achieving the highest yarn quality, even at the highest yarn transport speeds, led to an unexpected increase, as will be explained below. At least from the applicant's point of view, it was perceived as a major disadvantage that complex production processes were necessary for the production of the so-called nozzle cores. All attempts with more economical processes, such as pressing or injection molding, failed. Within the framework of the specifications, it was not possible to produce usable blanks, be it in the press or injection molding process. The reason was the peculiarity of the material ceramic. Ceramics are still one of the best materials in terms of wear and durability.

The new invention was based on the object, on the one hand, to ensure all the recognized advantages of the nozzle cores described and, on the other hand, to develop new production processes which allow inexpensive manufacture of the nozzle cores.

Presentation of the invention

The method according to the invention is characterized in that the ceramic nozzle core is formed with an approximately constant wall thickness and is reduced in size to the central functions of the yarn treatment channel with air injection and yarn outlet for loop formation and in the molding process.

A very particularly advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the ceramic nozzle core is injected using the high-precision method.

The nozzle core according to the invention is characterized in that it is designed as a ceramic nozzle core with an approximately constant wall thickness and is reduced in size to the central functions of the yarn treatment channel with air injection and yarn outlet for loop formation and can be produced in the molding process. The applicant previously assumed that an important criterion for each new development is to design the nozzle core as an exchangeable core, in such a way that a nozzle core with different internal dimensions and air entry angles can be used. This makes it possible, for example, to replace an existing nozzle core of the prior art with a few manipulations and to use all the advantages of the new development. Only now has it been recognized by the inventor that this, in itself positive, demand has been taken too literally for past developments and has strongly hampered further development. The result was that each new nozzle core was identical in design to the old nozzle cores. The result was that blanks for the nozzle core are increasingly no longer manufactured in the casting or pressing process, or increasingly less favorable conditions have been created for production in the molding process. The new invention has freed itself from the literal compulsion to design the ceramic nozzle core as an exchangeable core. Rather, the design is consistently aligned with the inner central functions. The entire shape can now be determined according to the requirements of the casting technology and can be formed, for example, by a division into two parts as a miniaturized ceramic nozzle core with an outer nozzle ceramic jacket. Only the outer jacket is given the dimensions of the nozzle cores of the prior art, which also takes over the function of the exchangeable core.

The new invention allows a number of particularly advantageous configurations, for which reference is made to claims 4 to 10. A particularly advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the yarn treatment channel has at least one cylindrical section and one extension section, the injection being arranged within the cylindrical section, preferably approximately in the central region of the long side of the ceramic nozzle core. According to EP 0 088 254, the extension section can be completely trumpet-shaped or, according to EP 0 880 61 1, can have a conical and a trumpet-shaped section. The yarn channel has a central, preferably cylindrical section which is transferred into the conical widening in the direction of transport without a jump, the compressed air being blown into the cylindrical section at a sufficient distance from the conically expanded supersonic channel. The experiments in connection with the new invention brought various new insights:

In the case of texturing nozzles with intensified supersonic flow according to EP 0 880 61 1, a quality improvement could be achieved with every yarn titer if the Blowing angle was increased over 48 °. The increase in quality begins with a marked increase when the angle is increased by more than 50 °. At blowing angles greater than 52 °, sometimes up to 60 ° and even 65 °, the yarn quality remains surprisingly constant. However, the optimal injection angle also depends on the overall titer.

The compressed air is preferably blown into the yarn channel through three bores offset by 1 20 °. It is crucial in any case that the yarn opening is intensified by blowing the compressed air into the yarn channel, but that knots are avoided in the yarn. The opening of the yarn on the one hand and the texturing of the yarn on the other must each be optimized individually. In order to optimize the two totally different functions, these have to be carried out locally, but in short succession, in such a way that the opening is immediately followed by the texturing or that the end of the yarn opening process is immediately transferred to the texturing. All central texturing functions for the production of a loop yarn can now be realized within a miniaturized ceramic nozzle core. The new ceramic nozzle core can be part of a device which has a spherical impact body which can be countersunk into the extension section, the trumpet-shaped section having a radius which is related to the diameter of the impact body. Preferably, according to EP 0 088 254, the impact body with the trumpet-shaped section forms an annular gap, the outer diameter of the convexly curved outlet opening of the channel being at least equal to 4 times the diameter of the channel and at least equal to 0.5 times the diameter of the spherical or hemispherical conductor body.

The nozzle core is very particularly preferably formed in two parts and has an outer nozzle body in which the ceramic nozzle core can be inserted, the outer nozzle body being produced in plastic. The outer plastic body now has the function of an interchangeable body in the previous understanding with the required installation dimensions and fastening means. The plastic body also has a protective function for the ceramic nozzle core. A clamping point is preferably arranged between the outer nozzle body and the ceramic nozzle core for fastening the ceramic nozzle core in the outer nozzle body. Furthermore, an annular compressed air channel is arranged between the ceramic nozzle core and the nozzle body in the region of the cylindrical section, via which the air is blown in by means of the blowing holes. The ring-shaped Compressed air duct has a sealing point in each of the two end regions of the cylindrical section for sealing the compressed air.

According to a further embodiment, the nozzle core is designed as a quick-change element within the device, so that it can be quickly installed and removed from the device together with the ceramic nozzle core. The nozzle core can be formed in two parts, with an inner ceramic nozzle core and an outer nozzle body, both parts being a device with a rotary drive and the nozzle body being drivable with the built-in ceramic nozzle core.

In the two-part solution, the ceramic nozzle core and the outer nozzle body, when assembled, form an approximately flat surface at the end of the yarn outlet. According to an important requirement for the new solution, shape and thickness variations are to be absorbed in the design of the nozzle body. The structural requirements with regard to assembly and installation in a machine can be intercepted in this way via the outer nozzle body. The ceramic nozzle core can be optimally designed with regard to the production of ceramic blanks. The nozzle body is very particularly preferably produced as a plastic injection-molded part and, in the outer dimensions, is designed as an interchangeable part in relation to corresponding solutions from the prior art.

The new invention is based on the type of texturing nozzles based on the radial principle. In the radial principle, the blown air is guided from the feed point into a cylindrical section of the yarn channel directly in an axial direction at an approximately constant speed up to the acceleration channel. As in the prior art of EP 0 880 61 1, the new solution can also be used to texturize one or more yarn threads with a wide variety of traditions.

Brief description of the invention

The invention will now be explained in more detail on the basis of a few exemplary embodiments. Show it:

1 shows the yarn channel in the area of the yarn opening and texturing zone; 2 shows a nozzle core with an inserted ceramic nozzle core and one

Impact body at the outlet end of the yarn channel; 3 shows a two-part nozzle core, installed in a device for Production of loop yarn; Figures 4a, 4b and 4c a solution according to the prior art (EP 0 088 254) with a nozzle core, wherein Figure 4c is a view according to arrow A; FIG. 5 shows a comparison of textured yarn with different configurations of the nozzle core; Figures 6a and 6b the "framework" for the core functions of generating

loop yarn; FIG. 7 shows a solution with a rotatably driven nozzle core; FIG. 8 shows a 3-D representation with a divided or two-part nozzle core, with an outer nozzle core jacket and a ceramic nozzle core; 9 shows a section through a two-part nozzle core corresponding to the

Figures 6a and 8; 10 shows a section of a two-part nozzle core corresponding to the figure

6b and 8.

Ways and implementation of the invention

In the following, reference is now made to FIG. The texturing nozzle 1 has a yarn channel 4 with a cylindrical section 2, which also corresponds to the narrowest cross section 3 with a diameter d. From the narrowest cross-section 3, the yarn channel 4 merges into an acceleration channel 11 without a cross-sectional jump and is then expanded in a trumpet shape, the trumpet shape being able to be defined with a radius R. Due to the resulting supersonic flow, a corresponding impact front diameter DAE can be determined. Due to the joint front diameter DAE, the detachment or tear-off point Ai, A2, A3 or A4 can be determined relatively precisely. For the effect of the impact front, reference is made to EP 0 880 61 1. The acceleration range of the air can also be defined by the length l ₂ from the point of the narrowest cross section 3 and the tear-off point A. Since it is a real supersonic flow, the air speed can be roughly calculated from this. FIG. 1 shows a conical configuration of the acceleration channel 11, which corresponds to the length t ₂ . The opening angle α ₂ is specified at 20 °. The drainage point A ₂ is shown at the end of the supersonic duct, where the yarn duct merges into a discontinuous, strongly conical or trumpet-shaped extension 12 with an opening angle d> 40 °. Due to the geometry, there is a butt front diameter DAE. The following relationships result as an example: DAE L2 / d = 4.2; Vd = 330 m / sec. (Mach 1); -J- ~ 2.5 → M _DE = Mach 3.2 α.

An extension of the acceleration channel 1 1 with a corresponding opening angle causes an increase in the butt front diameter DAE. Immediately in the area of the formation of the joint front, the greatest possible compression joint front 1 3 is created, followed by an abrupt pressure increase zone 14. The actual texturing takes place in the region of the joint front 13. The air moves about 50 times faster than the yarn. Many tests have shown that the detachment point A ₃ , A _{4 can} also migrate into the acceleration duct 11, namely when the feed pressure is reduced. In practice, it is now a matter of determining the optimum feed pressure for each yarn, the length {12) of the acceleration channel being designed for the worst case, that is to say it is chosen to be somewhat too long. With MB the center line of the blowing hole 1 5 and MGK the center line of the yarn channel 4 and the intersection of MGK and MB with SM. Pd is the point of the narrowest cross section at the beginning of the acceleration channel 1 1, £ 1 is the distance from the SM and Pd, 12 is the distance from

Pd to the end of the acceleration channel (A4). Loeff denotes approximately the length of the yarn opening zone, Ltex approximately the length of the yarn texturing zone. The larger the angle ß, the more the yarn opening zone is enlarged backwards.

In the following, reference is now made to FIG. 2, which shows a preferred embodiment of an entire nozzle core 5 in cross section. The outer fitting shape is preferably adapted exactly to the nozzle cores of the prior art. This applies above all to the critical installation dimensions, the bore diameter BD, the total length L, the nozzle head height KH and the distance LA for the compressed air connections PP '. The tests have shown that an injection angle β greater than 48 ° is optimal. The distance X of the corresponding compressed air bores 15 is critical in relation to the acceleration channel. The nozzle core 5 has a yarn insertion cone 6 in the inlet area of the yarn, arrow 16. The dimension "X" (FIG. 6) indicates that the compressed air bore 15 is preferably set back from the narrowest cross section 3 at least approximately by the size of the diameter d. Seen in the direction of transport (arrow 1 6), the texturing nozzle 1 or the nozzle core 5 has a yarn insertion cone 6, a cylindrical middle section 7, a cone 8, which at the same time corresponds to the acceleration channel 11, and an expanded texturing space 9. The texturing space becomes transverse limited to the flow by a trumpet shape 1 2, which can also be designed as an open conical funnel. FIG. 2 shows a two-part nozzle core 5, consisting of a ceramic nozzle core 24 and an outer nozzle core jacket 25 with a guide or impact body 10, in a multiple enlargement compared to the actual size. The new nozzle core 5 can be used as an exchange core for a nozzle core of the prior art be conceived. In particular, the dimensions B _d , E _L as the installation length, L _A + K _H and K _H are therefore preferably not only produced in the same way, but also with the same tolerances. The trumpet shape in the outer exit area is also preferably produced in the same way as in the prior art, with a corresponding radius R. The impact body 10 can have any shape: spherical, spherical, flat or even in the form of a spherical cap. The exact position of the impact body in the exit area is maintained by maintaining the outer mass, corresponding to an equal withdrawal gap S _p1 . The texturing space 18 is limited backwards by the acceleration channel 11. Depending on the level of the selected air pressure, the texturing space can also be enlarged into the acceleration channel. As in the prior art, the ceramic nozzle core 24 is produced as a whole from a high-quality material, such as ceramic, and is actually the expensive part of a texturing nozzle. It is important with the new nozzle that the conical cylindrical wall surface 17 as well as the wall surface 19 in the area of the acceleration duct furthermore have the highest quality of the junction of the compressed air bores 15 in the yarn duct.

FIG. 3 shows an entire nozzle head 21 with a two-part nozzle core 5 and an impact body 10, which is anchored in a known housing 20 in an adjustable manner via an arm 22. For threading, the impact body 10 is pulled or pivoted away with the arm 22 in a known manner according to arrows 23 from the working area of the texturing nozzle. The compressed air is supplied from a housing chamber 27 via the compressed air bores 15. The nozzle core 5 is clamped to the housing 20 via a clamping bracket 26. Instead of a spherical shape, the impact body can also have a spherical shape.

Figures 4a, 4b and 4c show a solution of the prior art according to EP 0 088 254 with a long yarn guide channel 29 through which the yarn 30 to be textured runs. The yarn guide channel 29 is supplied with compressed air through a radial compressed air bore 15. The blow-in bore 15 forms an angle of approximately 48 ° with the axis of the yarn guide channel 29. The diameter of the injection hole 1 5 is 1, 1 mm. The yarn guide channel 29 has a diameter d ^ of 1.5 mm and has an outwardly widening, convexly curved outlet opening. The convex curvature has the shape of a Circular arc with a radius R of 6.5 mm, to which the end face 34 of the texturing nozzle 1 forms a tangential plane, the points of contact of the arch with the tangential plane lying on a circle with the diameter D. The diameter D corresponds to the formula D = d ^ + 2 R and is thus 14.5 mm. The impact body 10, whose diameter d ₂ 1 2.5 mm, partially protrudes into the channel outlet opening 35 and forms an annular gap 31 with the inner wall of the latter. The yarn 30 * emerging from the nozzle is drawn off over the edge of the outlet opening.

As shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, a support 33 is attached to the housing 20 which supports the nozzle and has an axis 32 about which an arm 22 which is fixedly connected to the impact body 10 can be pivoted. By rotating the arm 22, the annular gap 31 can be adjusted or the guide body can be lifted for threading. The smooth yarn 30 is fed to the texturing nozzle 1 via a feed mechanism 36 and drawn off as a textured yarn 30 * via a feed mechanism 37.

FIG. 5 shows the texturing of the prior art according to EP 0 088 254 in a purely schematic manner at the bottom left. Two main parameters are emphasized here: an opening zone Oe-Zi and a butt front diameter DAs, starting from a diameter d, corresponding to a nozzle, as in the EP 0 088 254. In contrast, the texturing according to EP 0 880 61 1 is shown at the top right. It is clearly recognizable that the values Oe-Z2 and DAE are larger. The yarn opening zone Oe-Z2 begins shortly before the acceleration channel in the area of the compressed air supply P and is already significantly larger in relation to the relatively short yarn opening zone Oe-Zi of the solution according to EP 0 088 254. The essential statement in FIG. 5 lies in the diagrammatic comparison the yarn tension according to the state of the art (curve T 31 1) with Mach <2 and a texturing nozzle according to the invention (curve S 31 5) with Mach> 2 and the new nozzle. In the vertical of the diagram, the thread tension is in CN. In the horizontal the production speed is Pgeschw. in m / min. shown. Curve T 31 1 allows the yarn tension to collapse significantly over a production speed of 500 m / min. detect. Above about 650 m / min. the texturing broke down with the nozzle according to EP 0 088 254. In contrast, curve S 31 5 with the corresponding nozzle from EP 0 880 61 1 shows that the thread tension is not only much higher, but in the range from 400 to 700 m / min. is almost constant and only drops slowly in higher production areas. Increasing the Mach number is one of the most important parameters for intensifying the texturing. The blow-in angle is one the most important parameters for the quality of the texturing, as shown with the new nozzle as the third example at the top left. The injection angle with the range from 50 ° to 60 ° is given as an example. The yarn opening zone 0e-Z3 is larger than in the solution at the top right (according to EP 0 880 61 1) and significantly larger than in the solution at the bottom left (according to EP 0 088 254). The other procedural process parameters are the same for all three solutions. In addition to the different injection angles from the range 45 ° to 48 ° and now over 45 °, the surprisingly positive effect lies in the first section of the yarn opening zone, such as OZi and OZ2 or as this is marked in the corresponding circle. The only difference is the change in the injection angle. The striking increase in thread tension begins at an angle of over 48 ° and can only be understood with a combinatorial effect. At least as far as the surprisingly positive effect is currently understood, 48 ° injection angle means a threshold, especially in the case of texturing nozzles according to EP 0 880 61 1. This type of texture nozzle has a sufficient performance reserve so that even a slight intensification of the yarn opening is converted into an increase in the yarn quality.

In practice, the textured yarn passes through a quality sensor, e.g. with the market name HemaQuality, called ATQ, in which the tensile force of the yarn 30 * (in cN) and the deviation of the instantaneous tensile force (Sigma%) is measured. The measurement signals are fed to a computer unit. The appropriate quality measurement is a prerequisite for optimal production monitoring. The values are also an indicator of the yarn quality. In the air blasting texturing process, the quality determination is difficult because there is no defined loop size. It is much easier to determine the deviation from the quality that the customer has found to be good. This is possible with the ATQ system, since the yarn structure and its deviation can be determined, evaluated and displayed using a thread tension sensor and displayed by a single key figure, the AT value. A thread tension sensor detects, in particular, the thread tension after the texturing nozzle as an analog electrical signal. The AT value is continuously calculated from the mean and variance of the thread tension measured values. The size of the AT value depends on the structure of the yarn and is determined by the user according to his own quality requirements. If the thread tension or the variance (uniformity) of the thread tension changes during production, the AT value also changes. Where the upper and lower limit values lie can be determined with yarn mirrors, knitting or fabric samples. They differ depending on the quality requirements. The advantage of ATQ measurement that different types of disturbances from the process are recorded simultaneously, e.g. Equality in texturing, thread wetting, filament breaks, nozzle contamination, impact ball spacing, hot pin temperature, air pressure differences, POY plug-in zone, yarn guide, etc.

In the following, reference is made to FIGS. 6a and 6b. The two figures show the "frame" for the core function in the production of loop yarn. FIG. 6a is based on the solutions according to FIGS. 4a to 4c. 6b is based on the solution according to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. The corresponding parts of the two figures are identified by the same reference numerals. The two FIGS. 6a and 6b show approximately the size proportions of the individual areas for the core functions.

FIG. 6a clearly shows that the cylindrical section cyl. A is about twice as long as the extension section EA. Three radial injection bores 1 5 are set back by a distance O.A., the opening section, in relation to the expansion section EA, and lie in the central region of the cylindrical section, as shown in accordance with the blowing section (Einbl. A.). In the expansion section EA, the diameter D and the radius R are of great importance. The cylindrical section has a diameter Gd. Another special feature of the solution according to FIG. 6a is the angle α, which has an angle of approximately 48 ° in the transport direction of the yarn according to arrow 16. An EK insertion cone is only as long as is necessary for threading, but is only very short. The diameter Bd is dimensioned according to the state of the art. A comparison of FIGS. 4a and 6a clearly shows that the cylindrical section (cyl. A) of the new solution is less than half as long in relation to the solution of the prior art according to FIG. 4a. This is an important feature in the specific design of a ceramic nozzle core according to the invention. Viewed from the texturing function, the length of the yarn guide channel was designed to be unnecessarily long in the prior art. In the prior art, the yarn guide channel GA was based on the thickness dimension of the housing 20, as can be clearly seen from FIG. 4b.

Figure 6b shows two special features compared to Figure 6a. Instead of a trumpet-shaped section EA, the solution according to FIG. 6b has a first conical section (Kon A.) and a trumpet-shaped texturing section TA *, in accordance with the solution of EP-PS 0 880 61 1. A comparison of FIGS. 6a and 6b shows that the cylindrical section cyl. A * in Figure 6b is shortened, according to the information X1 and X2. As an advantage, the opening section ÖA * in FIG. 6b is enlarged. The conical section is preferably formed with an opening angle χ of 12 ° to 40 °. The second special feature lies in the arrangement of the radial injection bore 15, with an angle β of preferably 50 ° to 70 °, which increases the stability of the texturing to a very high level and allows the best texturing qualities.

FIG. 7 shows a further particularly advantageous embodiment, which is based on EP-PS 1 022 366. Practice shows that air texturing nozzles for the production of loop yarn have to be cleaned in relatively short time intervals. EP-PS 1 022 366 now proposes to set the nozzle core to rotate continuously or alternately. This made it possible to massively extend the cleaning interval. FIG. 7 shows how the new invention can also be used in a rotatingly driven nozzle core. It is proposed to use a two-part nozzle core, for example according to FIG. 2. FIG. 7 shows, as an example, the simultaneous connection and texturing of two yarns, one yarn A and one yarn B, which each have a thread guide 40 or. 41 are guided into the yarn insertion cone 6. The nozzle core consisting of a ceramic nozzle core 24 and an outer nozzle core jacket 25 is arranged in a rotatably mounted rotating sleeve 42 which is mounted in the drive housing 44 via ball bearings 43. The compressed air is supplied via a compressed air chamber 45 and a compressed air connection 46, with a plurality of seals 47 preventing compressed air from escaping. A worm wheel 48 is held in the drive housing 44 via a collar 49 and a cover 50. The drive takes place via a drive shaft 51, an overdrive gear 52 and a worm gear 48.

FIG. 8 shows a two-part nozzle core in a 3D representation, corresponding to FIG. 6a and FIGS. 3 and 7. FIG. 8 shows the assembly of a ceramic nozzle core 24 with an outer nozzle core jacket 25. The ceramic nozzle core 24 can, as in the figure 8 is indicated, are pushed into the nozzle core jacket 24 by hand, with the last insertion movement holding a snap-in locking mechanism 60 of the ceramic nozzle core 24 exactly in position. A flat surface 34 corresponding to FIG. 2 is formed on the outside. A cylindrical compressed air chamber 61 is formed between the ceramic nozzle body 24 and the outer nozzle core shell, which is closed to the outside by seals 62, so that the compressed air is only supplied via the radial injection bores 1 5 in can flow the yarn channel 4. The example according to FIG. 8 clearly shows another, very important feature of the new solution, namely the requirement for the approximately constant wall thickness of the ceramic nozzle core 24, the wall thickness being indicated at three points, WSt1, WSt2, WSt3, with a dimension arrow. For the requirements of installation, three different thicknesses are indicated for the outer nozzle core jacket 25 with the dimensional arrows D1, D2, D3. Since the outer nozzle core jacket can be made of plastic, for example, even large thickness variations have no harmful influence. The inner ceramic nozzle core, on the other hand, can be optimally produced according to the requirements for the production of ceramic blanks in the pressing process, in particular in the spraying process.

FIG. 9 illustrates in section the solution according to FIGS. 6a and 8.

FIG. 10 shows a section of FIGS. 6b and 8. In both figures, the ceramic nozzle core 24 is installed in the outer nozzle core jacket 25. According to a further embodiment, not shown, the ceramic nozzle core 24 can be installed directly in a housing 20, for example according to FIG. 4b. The housing 20 must have fitting openings corresponding to the miniaturized ceramic nozzle core 24.

Claims

claims

1. A method for producing a ceramic nozzle core as part of a device for the production of loop yarn, characterized in that the ceramic nozzle core is formed with an approximately constant wall thickness and reduced in size to the central functions of the yarn treatment channel with air injection and yarn outlet for the Loop formation and is produced in the molding process.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ceramic nozzle core is injected in a high-precision process.

3. Nozzle core for a device for generating loop yarn, characterized in that it is designed as a ceramic nozzle core with an approximately constant wall thickness and reduced in size to the central functions of the yarn treatment channel in air injection and yarn outlet for loop formation and can be produced in the molding process.

4. Nozzle core according to claim 3, characterized in that the yarn treatment channel has at least one cylindrical section (zyl. A.) and an extension section EA, the blowing (Einbl.) Within the cylindrical section, preferably approximately in the central region of the long side of the nozzle core , is arranged, wherein the extension section is preferably completely trumpet-shaped or has a conical and a trumpet-shaped section, in the case of a conical section this has an opening angle of at least 12 °.

5. Nozzle core according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the air injection of the ceramic nozzle core has one or more, preferably three injection bores which are inclined at an angle of at least 48 ° in the transport direction, in particular in the range of 52 ° are arranged up to 65 °.

6. Nozzle core according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is part of a device which has a spherical impact body which can be countersunk into the extension section, the outer diameter of the convexly curved outlet opening of the channel being at least equal to 4 times the diameter of the channel and at least equal to 0.5 times the diameter of the spherical or hemispherical guide body (5).

7. Nozzle core according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is formed in two parts and has an outer nozzle body in which the ceramic nozzle core can be used.

8. Nozzle core according to claim 7, characterized in that a clamping point is arranged between the outer nozzle body and the ceramic nozzle core for fastening the ceramic nozzle core in the outer nozzle body, preferably between the ceramic nozzle core and the nozzle body in the region of the cylindrical section annular compressed air duct is arranged, via which the air is blown in by means of the injection bores and the annular compressed air duct particularly preferably has a sealing point in each of the two end regions of the cylindrical section for sealing off the compressed air.

9. Nozzle core according to one of claims 9 to 8, characterized in that the nozzle core is designed as a quick-change element within the device and can be quickly installed and removed together with the ceramic nozzle core from the device, wherein it is preferably formed in two parts with an inner ceramic nozzle core and an outer nozzle body and both are part of a device with a rotary drive, the nozzle body being drivable with the built-in ceramic nozzle core.

10. Nozzle core according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it is formed in two parts with a ceramic nozzle core and an outer nozzle body, the yarn outlet end forming an approximately flat surface in the assembled state and with the design of the nozzle body shape and thickness variations are collected, the nozzle body being produced as a plastic injection-molded part and the outer dimensions being designed as a replaceable part in relation to corresponding solutions of the prior art.