EP1625339B1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel heat exchanger with a plurality of basic heat exchanger bodies, comprising flat heat exchange tubes-connecting at least one supplying or distributing pipe and at least one discharging or collecting pipe to one another, able to be flowed through by a liquid and/or gaseous heat exchange medium, equipped on the outside with heat exchange fins and arranged parallel to one another -, the distributing pipe and the collecting pipe being formed as elongate, tank-shaped hollow distributing and diverting and collecting and diverting bodies which are equipped with at least one supply line and/or discharge line for the heat exchange medium and in which there is arranged or can be arranged in each case a diverting chamber insert with a plurality of distributing and collecting chambers that are identical to one another for supplying partial streams of medium on a quantitatively individual basis to the heat exchange tubes and for discharging the medium from the heat exchange tubes, and the walls bounding said chambers bearing against the inner wall surfaces of the hollow distributing and diverting and collecting and diverting bodies, characterized in that the distributing and collecting chambers, respectively arranged such that they are spaced apart from one another, being formed as diverting chambers ( 7, 7 ') for the heat exchange medium (wtm, wtm'), which are respectively attached to the outlet opening ( 102 ) of one ( 10, 10 ') of the heat exchange tubes ( 10, 10', 10 '') and to the inlet opening ( 101 ) of a next heat exchange tube ( 10', 10 ''), or one which is respectively neighboring the same, respectively connect these two heat exchange tubes ( 10, 10'; 10', 10 '') hydraulically to one another and furthermore at least bear with their respective bounding wall ( 70, 70 ') in each case against the inner wall surfaces ( 401, 402 )-the cnes having the heat exchange tubes opening into them and the two lateral ones-of the hollow distributing and diverting body ( 4 ) and the hollow collecting and diverting body ( 4 ') and are enclosed altogether by said bounding wall ( 70, 70 ') and by said hollow body inner wall surfaces ( 401, 402 ), and in that they divert the heat exchange medium (wtm) flowing through them respectively from one heat exchange tube ( 10, 10 ') into a next one or into the respectively neighboring heat exchange tube ( 10', 10 '') substantially by 180°, for instance in the form of a half-circle, C or U. It also relates to the soldering of devices, pipes and/or components preferably provided for the novel heat exchanger.

Description

The invention relates to a new gas and / or liquid heat exchanger with heat exchange tubes and interposed lamellae. In the hitherto known such heat exchangers, in particular in the production of small series due to a still high degree of manual labor and skill of the production staff and as a result of the consequent higher committee high production costs. In order to achieve a desired positive guidance of the heat exchange fluid through the heat exchange tubes, they are attached to the pipe ends, there usually soldered pipe elbows or the like. connected with each other.

Typical applications are heat exchangers for cooling, heating and for air conditioning units of all kinds. The highly diversified market includes a large number of system builders for "industrial air-conditioning technology" or for individually designed cooling and / or heating systems.

In heat exchangers for the exchange of heat between gases, usually air, and liquids, in particular water, oil or coolant, the liquids through a pipe system, usually at least one manifold and at least one collector tube, which mechanically and through a plurality of heat exchange tubes together hydraulically connected, in and out. The gas, mostly air, flows through fins that are indirectly in contact with the heat exchange fluid system or cycle. As heat exchange tubes flat tubes have advantages because of the good surface / volume ratio and are therefore used in large quantities in heat exchangers in automotive engineering.

For heat exchangers, which work with higher medium pressures or when fastening the heat exchange tubes in the header and distributor pipe by means of expansion technology, it is advisable to use round tubes.

The state of the art in this field is on the DE 101 03 584 A1 to refer, which describes a heat exchanger with a heat exchanger body at its ends expanded and brazed together there flat tubes and arranged therebetween fins. Upwards and downwards, this heat exchanger body is closed in each case with a sealingly adjoining distributor and a collecting box, through which the heat transfer fluid is supplied and removed respectively. A targeted heat exchange tube-individual guidance of the heat transfer medium is not possible with these, even further significant disadvantages, such as the use of plastic parts having heat exchangers.

In the heat exchanger according to the US 6 199 401 B1 a heat exchange tube-individual supply and discharge of the heat exchange medium is made possible, wherein in a formed on the heat exchanger body with the heat exchanger body only formed upwardly open heat exchanging elongated, common heat exchange medium supply and -Abführungskasten a Mediumsführungs- and allotment component is arranged ,

The main disadvantage of these heat exchangers is that they are relatively inflexible with respect to media management and all their components are only individually manufacturable, which pays off in the case of mass production, but not for a, as today more and more popular, job-specific flexible production of small series of terms their design, size and purpose of use different heat exchangers.

The present invention has set itself the goal of creating a heat exchanger, in particular made of aluminum material, in which the previously customary forced flow guide via outside of the heat exchanger body guided connection lines, pipe bends or the like. is placed between the heat exchange tubes in the distribution and in the collector tube itself, and in this way the high manipulation effort during soldering can be replaced with all the disadvantages by either a few steps requiring or even automated production.

The invention thus relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1 , wherein the invention consists in that the heat exchanger has the features mentioned in the characterizing part of claim 1 .

In the new heat exchanger thus takes the place of a large number of the ends of the heat exchange tubes interconnecting and fluid-tight to be connected to the said ends or subsequent pipe bends each one in a, such as. from the usual heating radiators known, manifold and collector tube to be arranged or arranged insert body with Mediums Umlenkkammem which the function of the above-described, for the respective desired forced guidance of the heat exchange medium of heat exchange tube to heat exchange tube previously used Fluidumlenkungs pipe bends or the like. takes over.

The new heat exchangers allow a production in which the hitherto consuming manual work with soldering, welding or bonding a large number of connecting pipe sections with the heat exchange tubes is eliminated, which, in particular at costly and thus costly connectable materials such as aluminum, stainless steel and the like , significantly reduces the production costs. Furthermore, by the new Design of the heat exchanger allows a meaningful and easy-to-implement automation, it is the packaging simplifies, and it eliminates in this way a large part of the error never completely free handwork.

In addition, from a small number of, in their dimension, in particular "length" completely flexible basic modules, namely flat tubes, medium supply and -Abführungs hollow bodies and Umlenkkammer bodies, and further with a few types of plug elements and connecting pipes or -rohrstutzen virtually any size, length, thickness and / or height and any type of medium-guiding and distribution having heat exchanger for a variety of purposes manufacturable.

In a preferred embodiment of the new heat exchanger according to claim 2 is ensured by means of a common support member that each of the deflection on the - each right for the transfer and deflection of the heat transfer medium from one heat exchange tube in the next according to a respectively provided medium guiding concept - body is arranged.

If the deflection chambers for the heat exchange medium, as provided according to claim 3 , are arranged on a common connecting strut, which simultaneously forms a kind of dividing wall dividing the deflection chambers in the flow direction, a particularly uniform flow of the heat exchange medium can be achieved, whereby energy savings in the heat exchange medium Umpump Device can be achieved.

If an ordinary, simply back and forth meandering guide of the heat exchange medium is provided, then it is favorable if the heat exchange medium deflection chambers are constructed such that their contour in each case substantially coincides with the internal cross-sectional contour of the distribution and collection deflection cavities , as can be seen in detail from claim 4 .

However, it may also be provided in the case of any desired additional use of the distribution deflection hollow body as a medium collection hollow body or return channel, that the deflection chambers contoured, for. only about that half of the internal cross-section of said cavities from which the heat exchanger tubes emanate from and discharge there, claim and the rest of the cross-sectional area of the manifold cavity just as collecting cavity for the return of the heat exchange medium to a heat exchange medium discharge is available, which in this Case then eg is arranged above the heat transfer medium supply.

It is particularly preferred - in particular with regard to the desired simplification of production - if, as provided according to claim 5 , the Internal cross-section of distribution and collection deflection hollow body and the cross section of the contour of the Umlenkkammer insert body substantially matching square or rectangular shape, preferably with rounded corners having. Such a shape has the advantage that the arcuate walls of the medium deflection chambers can have substantially simple rectangular basic shape and therefore can be bent in the simplest way from sheet metal, for example, this type of production has the advantage that it causes only low costs ,

In addition, the heat exchange tubes extending between distribution and collecting and deflecting hollow body can, for example. be arranged offset in two or more rows next to each other or at an angle to each other, for example, compared to round tube (distribution and) collecting hollow bodies, the further advantage that the heat exchange tubes on the one hand have a straight muzzle or inlet termination and all the same Can own length.

As regards the closure of the open ends of the distribution and collecting and deflecting hollow body, so can simple, rectangular or square cross-section, optionally having inner media guides end caps or terminal caps, termination or connection plug or the like. Termination or connection elements be provided, and further such, which or the like with medium supply and discharge pipe socket. are provided, as it corresponds to the respective needs due to the respective intended leadership of the heat exchange medium within the new heat exchanger. It should be noted in detail on the claim 6 .

It has already been briefly mentioned above in the appendix to claim 4 that the distribution and deflection hollow body can be designed so that it is suitable not only for the supply, but also for the return and removal of the heat exchange medium from the heat exchanger. Reference is made to the particularly preferred embodiment of the new heat exchanger according to claim 7 .

In order to avoid the unwanted heat flow occurring between the heat exchanger tubes supplied heat exchange medium and the discharged from the heat exchange tubes heat exchange medium in the medium-discharge cavity or channel at a heat exchanger in the embodiment just described, according to claim 7, the arrangement of a heat flow-inhibiting insulation between the deflection chambers in the distribution and deflection cavity and the heat exchange medium discharge channel according to claim 8 low.

It is particularly efficient if, for the fluid-tight closure of the distribution and collector deflecting hollow body, in the open ends plug or cap-like inserted or aufsetz- and fluid-tight solderable modular Ab- or connection elements are provided according to claim 9 .

In order to complete the distribution and collection and-Ummlenk-hollow body, for example, a plurality of mutually parallel and / or connected in parallel with heat exchange medium to be charged or dispose of heat exchanger, can each have a plurality of common termination or connecting elements having, modular multi-Ab or Be used connecting elements, which the various arrangements of inlet and outlet pipe socket, inner medium guide channels and the like. can have.

A particularly preferred and a uniform and intensive heat exchange enabling embodiment of the new heat exchanger is disclosed in claim 10 . There, the deflection chambers in the distribution and collection and deflection hollow body of the two Umlenkkammer insert body are arranged alternately so that each successively a series of three, five or seven heat exchange tubes are flowed through sequentially, before the heat exchange medium in the respective discharge from the Collecting and deflection hollow body passes and from there via a corresponding pipe socket or the like. is led to the outside.

In order to supply all heat exchange tubes as evenly as possible and uniformly with heat exchange medium same temperature levels, it is advantageous if above the deflection chamber insert body in the distribution and deflection cavity inlet openings for the fresh reaching into the heat exchanger heat exchange medium provided in each case for the inlet of the medium Heat exchange tubes are arranged.

A very similar construction can also be provided in the collection and deflection hollow body, which are arranged in a very analogous manner in each case where the outflow openings of the respective "last" tube of the heat exchange medium to be flowed through sequentially heat exchange tube series, open. In detail, this is to claim 11 to refer.

About the arrangement of these in each case the inlet openings of the heat exchange tubes associated inlet and outlet openings relative to Umlenkkammer-insert body and in just mentioned heat exchange medium inflow and outflow channel of claim 12 gives more information.

It is preferred according to claim 13, for the separation of the deflecting insert body from the medium inlet channel a separate partition or the like. provide, which rests on both sides inside the side walls of the distribution and deflection hollow body and the same is supported on the upper inner wall thereof upwards. This conveniently the cross-sectional shape of a - in this case reversed - T having dividing wall has each right and left of its vertical T-bar in the Horizontal bar on the inlet openings for the heat exchange medium. In a very analogous manner, the collecting deflecting cavity is advantageously also equipped with a similar dividing wall with drainage openings.

A cost-effective and uncomplicated manufacturable using a simple T-profile and therefore particularly preferred within the scope of the invention training variant of Umlenkkammer-insert body forms the subject of claim 14th

Claim 15 are advantageous in the sense of a high degree of rationalization of manufacturing advantageous module embodiments of the connection and connecting elements between the distribution and collection and deflection hollow bodies, for example, of serially and / or parallel heat exchange bodies refer.

The claim 16 deals with one within the scope of the invention, particularly preferred way of merging the new heat exchange body together to larger units, which will facilitate in particular by the use of the above-described in more detail modular terminating and connecting elements.

Furthermore, claim 17 relates to a particularly preferred in the context of the invention, especially tailored to aluminum as a heat exchanger building material new method for material-fluid-tight connection of components with pipes and pipes with each other in general and for connecting the various components of the new heat exchanger, such as in particular the modular, Ab-, connecting and connecting elements, in particular stopper, caps and sleeve modules with the distribution and collection Umlenkhohlkörpern, with the supply and discharge pipes and pipe socket u.dgl in particular.

The claims 18 to 20 finally relate in the context of the new soldering according to claim 17 particularly preferred embodiments, which require no further explanation due to their clear statements.

Reference to the drawing, the invention is explained in more detail:

It show the Fig. 1 to 3 each in several views and detailed representations of three different embodiments of a heat exchanger according to the invention with different types of internal guidance of the heat exchange medium, the 4 to 6 in an analogous way, three variants of basically in the Fig. 1 to 3 shown heat exchangers similar heat exchangers, which are joined together to form larger units, wherein the Fig. 6 shows a combination of two heat exchangers with different heat exchange media. The Fig. 7 and 8th each show a compact block of three, with respect to heat exchange medium guide once sequentially and once in parallel heat exchangers according to the invention and the Fig. 9 a heat exchanger, as it can be used in particular for air conditioning systems of motor vehicles and refrigerated vehicles, and the Fig. 10 a special form of a According to the invention preferably used for use soldering tape and its production.

The in the Fig. 1 a to 1f shown heat exchanger 1 essentially comprises an upper distribution and deflection hollow body 4 rectangular cross-section and a lower collecting and deflecting hollow body 4 'same rectangular cross-section and arranged between them, the same mechanically and hydraulically connecting, respectively via inlet openings 101 and outlet openings 102nd - To the same material, in particular by soldering, bound - heat exchange flat tubes 10, 10 ', 10 "between which fine-wave heat exchange fins 110 are arranged.

Completed is the distribution and deflection cavity 4 front right through a connection element with a pipe socket 42 for the supply of the heat exchange medium wtm and back left only with a fluid-tight plug member 41. The lower collection and deflection cavity 4 'vice versa right front concluded with an ordinary end plug 41 and left with connection plug 410 such with pipe socket 42 for the discharge of the heat exchange medium wtm.

In the distribution and deflection cavity 4 - whose inner cross-section Qi opaque or on the inner wall around fitting - an elongated Umlenkkammer insert body 700 inserted, which has a plurality of, such as arched or arcuate walls 70 having, each spaced apart deflection chambers 7. These are open to the inlet and outlet openings 101, 102 of the heat exchange tubes 10,10 ', 10 ".

In a very similar manner is a - advantageously similar - Umlenkkammer-insert body 700 'with deflected by arcuate walls 70' deflection chambers 7 'in the collection and deflection hollow body 4' is arranged, which to the outlets and inlet openings 102,101 of the heat exchange tubes 10,10 ' 10 "are open.

The Fig. 1f and 1g show the Umlenkkammer-insert body 700, 700 'and their situation closer: they are each formed from a T-profile 71, wherein the sides of the T-vertical bar 711 laterally projecting T-horizontal bar parts 712 are cut transversely at intervals to the vertical bar 711 through and then in each case also for a distance right and left along the vertical bar 711, wherein then spaced apart webs 7120, in which the T-profile structure is not changed, are preserved. The resulting in this way, from said web 7120 outgoing tabs 7121 are arcuately bent toward the bottom end of the T-bar 711 down and each lie inside on the base wall 401 of the distribution and the collecting and Umlenkhohlraums 4,4 'with the Inlet and outlet openings 101, 102 of the heat exchange tubes 10, 10 ', 10 "in this way, the arcuate walls 70, 70' of the deflection chambers 7, 7 'are formed for guiding the heat exchange medium wtm from one heat exchange tube to the next.

From the Fig. 1 It can clearly be seen that the deflection chamber insert bodies 700, 700 'are formed in a completely analogous manner to each other and only the deflecting chambers 7, 7' are each arranged relatively offset. The deflection chamber walls 70, 70 'are located laterally on the two side inner walls 402 of the hollow body 4, 4' and in each case to the heat exchange tubes 10, 10 '. 10 "towards the base wall 401 of the distributor and collecting deflection hollow body 4, 4 '.

The heat exchanger 1 according to the Fig. 2a to 2f is - with otherwise constant reference numerals meanings - built from the main body in substantially the same way as the heat exchanger 1 according to Fig. 1 , In this case, however, the construction is changed so that two pipe sockets 42, namely one each for the supply and for the discharge of the heat exchange medium wtm in the connection plug module 410 right uppermost are arranged, and that the distribution and deflection hollow body. 4 by a flat T-profile 6 with upwardly directed vertical bar 611 in an overhead heat transfer medium discharge channel 45 and in one of the contour of the principle already from the Fig. 1 known, the heat transfer medium distribution and deflection hollow body 700 corresponding supply and deflection channel 44 is divided, wherein in this channel 44 quite analogous to Fig. 1 a correspondingly "flatter" Umlenkkammer insert body 700 is used, which is supplied by the lower pipe socket 42 of the top right fitting plug 410 with heat exchange medium wtm in the same manner as in the Fig. 1 shown. The profile shape corresponding to a "flat" inverse T of the separating profile 6 defining the medium discharge channel 45 has the advantage that it rests on the deflection chamber insert body 700 by means of its short vertical bar 611 on the upper inner wall 403 of the distribution and deflection cavity 4 and with its horizontal bar 612 on both sides of the side walls 402 thereof can be supported.

As far as the collecting deflection hollow body 4 'is concerned, its inner cross section is dimensioned exactly the same as the inner cross section of the supply channel 44 in the distribution and deflection hollow body 4. This ensures that the two deflection chamber insert bodies 4, 4 'are also dimensioned equal to each other and thus also here a minimization of the manufacturing effort is achieved. In order to minimize the heat flow between freshly supplied and guided through the heat exchange tubes heat exchange medium, a heat insulation plate 67 is disposed between the deflection chamber insert body 4 and the separation profile 6.

In the in the Fig. 3a to 3f - With otherwise constant reference numerals meanings - shown heat exchanger 1, the basic structure thereof also corresponds to the heat exchangers 1 according to the Fig. 1 and 2 However, here an internal cross-sectional division is provided both in the distributor cavity 4 and in the collecting cavity 4 ', namely lying there - about 60% of the inner Qquerschnittsfläche Qi of the two just mentioned hollow body 4, 4', ie the partial cross section qi, claiming - the deflection chamber insert body 700, 700 'in each case on the base wall 401 of the hollow body 4, 4' with the inlet and outlet openings 101, 102 of the heat exchange tubes 10, 10 ', 10 ", wherein the deflection chambers 7, 7' so arranged offset from one another that the heat exchange medium wtm - each from the distribution-deflection cavity 4 starting - a first heat exchange tube 10 flows through, then from a deflection chamber 7 'of the lower deflection insert body 700' first passes into a second adjacent heat exchanger tube 10 ', then is guided by a deflection chamber 7 of the upper insert body 700 into the next heat exchange tube 10 "and from the same coming, in each case via one of the drain openings 451 in the collector deflecting space 4 'dividing separation profile 6 in the discharge channel 45 in residual cross-section qa of the collection - And deflecting cavity 4 'is guided, from where it can flow off via the discharge pipe socket 42 of the connection plug module 410 bottom left.

In an analogous manner, a heat exchange medium supply channel 44 is formed in the upper distribution deflecting cavity 4 in above the local deflection chamber insert body 700, remaining free by the T separation profile 6 with the partial cross section qa, from each of which a first one into the separation profile punched inlet openings 441 heat exchange medium wtm to the inlet opening 101 of a "first" inlet pipe 10 of a first series 100 of three adjacent heat exchange tubes 10, 10 ', 10 "is introduced and then in the same way respectively through the next inlet opening 441 of the separation profile 6 and a order three heat exchange tubes staggered supply port 10, the other, each three heat exchange tubes of a next tube series 100 are supplied etc.

Again, the T-shape of the separation profile 6 is favorable, because it is a support thereof at the respective upper and lower outer inner wall 403 of the distribution and the collecting and deflecting hollow body 4, 4 'and thus securing the medium supply. and drainage channels 44, 45 in the two cavities 4, 4 'allows.

In the Fig. 3b the heat exchange medium streams within the deflection chambers 7, 7 'and those through the supply and discharge channel 45 are explained by arrows.

In the double heat exchanger 1/1 according to Fig. 4a to 4d are - with otherwise constant reference numerals meanings - two to in Fig. 1 analogous heat exchangers 1 shown one behind the other, wherein the two distribution deflection cavities 4 and the collecting deflection cavities 4 'thereof are connected to each other by a soldered or pressed into them, once the medium flow permitting and once fluid-tight each module-like connecting element 415 and 416. There is by means of a corresponding arrangement of the deflection chambers 7, 7 'of the Umlenkkammer-insert body 700, 700', the internal guidance of the heat exchange medium wtm through the heat exchange tubes 10, 10 ', 10 "designed so that the heat exchange medium is introduced via the inlet pipe socket 42 arranged at the left lower connection plug 410 and is discharged via the outlet pipe socket 42 of the lower right connection plug 410.

Even with the double heat exchanger 1/1 of Fig. 5a to 5d are - with otherwise constant reference numerals - two heat exchanger 1 of the already in the Fig. 2 already shown with heat exchange medium inlet 44 and discharge channels 45 disposed in the distribution cavities 4 and they are each traversed individually by the over the respective lower pipe sockets 42 in the two terminal plug modules 410, right and left top supplied heat exchange medium wtm. The merely mechanical combination of the two heat exchangers 1 takes place here by means of soldered-in "blind" connection plug modules 416 soldered in on both sides in the two upper distribution and deflection hollow bodies 4. After passing through all the heat exchange tubes 10, 10 ', 10 "of each of the two heat exchangers 1 becomes Heat exchange medium wtm each discharged via the upper drain pipe socket 42 of the left and right upper end plug module 41 of the distribution deflection cavities 4 of the two heat exchangers 1.

Again, each by itself with the simple embodiment of the heat exchanger 1 according to Fig. 1 identical to the two by means of fluid-tight connection plug modules 416 also only mechanically interconnected, arranged in series, separate units forming heat exchangers 1, 1 'formed heat exchanger unit 1/1 of Fig. 6a to 6g , where there is the "longer", right heat exchanger 1 operated with water as the heat exchange medium wtm and the left, "shorter" operated with oil as the heat exchange medium wtm 'heat exchanger 1'. Here, the only mechanical connection between the two heat exchangers 1, 1 'of different types is produced by the fluid-tight connection plug module 416 soldered into the distribution and deflection cavities 4 and the likewise fluid-tight connection plug module 417 soldered into the collector deflection cavities 4' which carries the two feed pipe sockets 42 for the two different heat exchange media wtm and wtm '.

In the Fig. 7 is - with otherwise constant reference numerals meanings - an example of a parallel or block arrangement of a total of three with respect to the heat exchange medium flow serially connected heat exchangers 1 of the type according to Fig. 1 in which the right-hand openings of the three distribution and deflection cavities 4 and the right-hand openings of the three collection and deflection cavities 4 'are inserted into the rearward heat exchanger 1 by means of a heat exchange medium feed passage 42.sub.TM and a connection channel 436 between the middle and the fourth connected to the front heat exchangers triple connection plug module 418 are connected.

Quite analogously, the left openings of the three lower collection deflecting cavities 4 'by means of a soldered there similar triple connection plug module 418 with heat exchange medium guide 436 of the in Fig. 7 closed, in the middle of the three heat exchanger 1 and the discharge of the medium wtm via the pipe socket 42 there. The closure of the other two openings of the distribution and the collecting cavity 4, 4 'by means of "blind" triple-stop plug 420 ,

In the Fig. 8 is - with otherwise constant reference numerals - a block arrangement of three with respect to the flow of heat exchange medium wtm parallel to each other shown heat exchanger 1 shown: There is clearly seen how right above the openings of the three distribution and deflection cavities 4 and bottom left the Openings of the three collection and deflection cavities 4 'are each closed with triple-end plug 419 with each leading to all three heat exchangers heat transfer medium feeds 437 and all three heat exchangers 1 heat transfer medium outlets 437 in their interior.

Furthermore, the shows Fig. 9 - Also with otherwise constant reference numerals meanings - a special form 1 'of a heat exchanger 1 according to the invention, in which the training with distribution hollow body 4 and collecting hollow body 4' and with the same heat exchange tubes 10, 10 ', 10 "to the heat exchangers of the preceding Figures is analog.

Here, the introduction of the pressurized, liquefied as heat exchange medium wtm used cooling gas via the here lower distribution cavity 4 through in the heat exchange tubes 10, 10 ', 10 "protruding and opening, here upwardly directed expansion nozzles 8 and above the same takes place in their Proximity in the interior of the heat exchange tubes 10, 10 ', 10 "arranged pitch-like turbulence sheet vortex body 80 with baffles 81 with" blinds "82, which are flowed through by the nozzle 8 flowing, spontaneously evaporating cooling liquid / gas mixture in this way vaporized particularly evenly, through the heat exchange tubes 10, 10 ', 10 "flows and ultimately collected in the gaseous state in - here overhead - collecting hollow body 4' and is returned via a discharge pipe socket 42 to the compressor.

In order to ensure a uniform volume and pressure distribution of the supplied pressurized heat exchange medium wtm to the expansion nozzles 5 over the entire length of the heat exchanger 1 and of its distribution hollow body 4, in the same an elongated wedge-like, with the distance from the medium Inlet socket 42 "sloping" insert body 470 installed.

Finally, the shows Fig. 10 schematically the preparation of one for the connection of aluminum pipes by soldering in each case via an inner and outer cone at their ends. Into the gap between these two cones, the solder metal strip BL shown there in its production stages is introduced with a filling of abrasive material particles AP in support of the production of a fluid-tight soldering in the manner of the friction welding. Starting material is a band foil made of solder metal with a cross-sectional shape approximately in the manner of the capital letter "W" with two longer outer edges AF and a between them arranged, here twice zig-zag folded, shorter middle part MT.

By guiding the lower part of the W-band BL between the same to a height corresponding to the height hmt of the W-midsection MT corresponding height rollers, see the pressure indicating hinting arrows in the figure, the band assumes approximately Y-cross-sectional shape, wherein the foot Here, FY of the Y has six times the thickness of the original strip material, and, starting from this, has two Y arms YA projecting obliquely upward outward.

Now, a "strand" of Abrasivmaterial powder AP is introduced into the angular space WR of this Y-band and then, as also indicated by arrows, the two free arms AY of the Y-band above the strand compressed material-tight. The solder metal strip BL thus obtained has an example thicker lower foot zone UZ and a thinner upper arm zone OZ and filled with the Abrasivmaterial particles "bulged" center zone MZ.

This solder metal band BL is e.g. is introduced into the slightly widening from the inside to the outside gap between the inner and outer cone of two pipe ends to be soldered together, there is a heating, e.g. something about the soldering metal melting temperature, with simultaneous exposure to ultrasound, whereby it comes to the creation of many "fresh" and therefore wettable zones of the aluminum surfaces of the cone, and thus a stable, fluid-tight solder joint of the two tubes is ensured together, which inside because there the "thin" arm zone OZ is inserted, practically formed only with aluminum, which there no danger of local element formation AI-Zn occurs.

Claims (20)

1. A heat exchanger with a plurality of basic heat exchanger bodies, comprising flat heat exchange tubes - connecting at least one supplying or distributing pipe and at least one discharging or collecting pipe to one another, able to be flowed through by a liquid and/or gaseous heat exchange medium, equipped on the outside with heat exchange fins and arranged parallel to one another -, the distributing pipe and the collecting pipe being formed as elongate, tank-shaped hollow distributing and diverting and collecting and diverting bodies which are equipped with at least one supply line and/or discharge line for the heat exchange medium and in which there is arranged or can be arranged in each case a diverting chamber insert with a plurality of distributing and collecting chambers that are identical to one another for supplying partial streams of medium on a quantitatively individual basis to the heat exchange tubes and for discharging the medium from the heat exchange tubes, and the walls bounding said chambers bearing against the inner wall surfaces of the hollow distributing and diverting and collecting and diverting bodies, characterized in that the distributing and collecting chambers, respectively arranged such that they are spaced apart from one another, are formed as diverting chambers (7, 7') for the heat exchange medium (wtm, wtm'), which are respectively attached to the outlet opening (102) of one (10, 10') of the heat exchange tubes (10, 10' , 10'') and to the inlet opening (101) of a next heat exchange tube (10',10''), or one which is respectively neighboring the same, respectively connect these two heat exchange tubes (10, 10'; 10', 10'') hydraulically to one another and furthermore at least bear with their respective bounding wall (70, 70') in each case against the inner wall surfaces (401, 402) - the ones having the heat exchange tubes opening into them and the two lateral ones - of the hollow distributing and diverting body (4) and the hollow collecting and diverting body (4') and are enclosed altogether by said bounding wall (70, 70') and by said hollow body inner wall surfaces (401, 402), and in that they divert the heat exchange medium (wtm) flowing through them respectively from one heat exchange tube (10, 10') into a next one or into the respectively neighboring heat exchange tube (10', 10") substantially by 180°, for instance in the form of a half-circle, C or U.
2. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1,
   characterized in that a plurality of or all the medium diverting chambers (7, 7'), or their bounding walls (70, 70'), are connected to one another by means of connecting struts (71) or the like of a substantially rigid diverting chamber insert (700, 700') that can be inserted, in particular can be pushed, into the hollow distributing and diverting body (4) and into the hollow collecting and diverting body (4').
3. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the medium diverting chambers (7, 7') are divided by means of a dividing wall (711), septum or the like - preferably formed by the connecting struts (71) of the diverting chamber insert (700, 700') or by part thereof and extending in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the diverting chamber insert (700, 700').
4. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the diverting chamber inserts (700, 700') are formed transversely to the longitudinal extent in such a way that they are substantially conformal in cross section or contour either with the entire inner cross section (Qi) of the hollow distributing and diverting body (4) and the hollow collecting and diverting body (4') or at least with a part (qi) of the same arranged in the vicinity of the inner wall (401) having the heat exchange tubes (10, 10', 10''), and can be inserted or are inserted, in particular can be pushed or are pushed, into the hollow distributing and diverting body (4) and hollow collecting and diverting body (4').
5. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the inner cross section (Qi) of the hollow distributing and diverting body (4) and the hollow collecting and diverting body (4') and the cross section or the contour of the diverting chambers (7, 7') or of the diverting chamber insert (700, 700') has a substantially square or rectangular form, if appropriate with rounded corners.
6. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, for the fluid medium-tight termination of the open ends of the hollow distributing and diverting body (4) and the hollow collecting and diverting body (4'), terminating elements (41) having a cross section corresponding to the inner cross section (Qi) of the same and preferably soldered in there, in particular plug modules (41) or cap modules or else attaching elements (410), are provided, one of which elements in each case has a medium supply and the other a medium discharge pipe stub (42) or the like.
7. The heat exchange as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that medium diverting chambers (7, 7') or a diverting chamber insert (700, 700') are or is arranged in the hollow distributing and diverting body (4), the contour of which chambers or insert substantially takes up a partial cross-sectional region (qi) that is made to face or assigned to the inlet and outlet openings (101, 102) of the heat exchange tubes (10, 10', 10'') in the hollow distributing and diverting body (4) and preferably amounts to approximately 40 to 60% of its inner cross-sectional area (Qi), and in that the remaining partial cross-sectional region (qa) forms a medium discharge channel (45) for the heat exchange medium (wtm) flowing through the heat exchange tubes (10, 10', 10'') and the medium diverting chambers (7') of the hollow collecting and diverting body (4') and finally leaving the same and being passed (returned) into said medium discharge channel (45) in the hollow distributing and diverting body (4).
8. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a heat insulating layer (67) or the like is arranged in the hollow distributing and diverting body (4), having the medium discharge channel (45), between the bounding walls (70) of the diverting chambers (7) or between the diverting chamber insert (700) and the medium discharge channel (45) or its channel dividing wall (441), separating it from the diverting chamber insert (700).
9. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, for the fluid medium-tight termination of three open ends of the hollow distributing and diverting body (4) and the hollow collecting and diverting body (4'), closure elements having a cross section corresponding to the inner cross section (Qi) of the same and preferably soldered in there, in particular plug modules (41), are provided, and furthermore only one attaching element (410), which has both a medium supply and a medium discharge pipe stub (42) or the like.
10. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it has a plurality of tube series (100) - formed with an uneven number, at least three, of mutually neighboring heat exchange tubes (10, 10', 10'') that are hydraulically connected to one another via diverting chambers (7, 7'), respectively alternating and arranged offset in relation to one another, in the hollow distributing and diverting body (4) and in the hollow collecting and diverting body (4'), the first heat exchange tube (10) of a tube series (100) in each case opening into the hollow distributing and diverting body (4) and the last heat exchange tube (10") of the same opening into the hollow collecting and diverting body (4') for the heat exchange medium (wtm).
11. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that both in the hollow distributing and diverting body (4) and in the hollow collecting and diverting body (4'), medium diverting chambers (7, 7') or a diverting chamber insert (700, 700') are or is respectively arranged, the contour of which chambers or insert substantially take or takes up a partial cross-sectional region (qi) that is made to face or assigned to the inlet and outlet openings (101, 102) of the heat exchange tubes (10, 10', 10") in the hollow distributing and diverting body (4) and in the hollow collecting and diverting body (4') and preferably amounts in each case to approximately 40 to 60% of the inner cross-sectional area (Qi), and in that the remaining partial cross-sectional region (qa) of the two hollow bodies (4, 4') respectively forms an inflow channel (44) with inflow openings (441), respectively arranged at a distance from one another, for the heat exchange medium (wtm) into the respectively first heat exchange tubes (10) of the tube series (100) and outflow channel (45) with outflow openings (451), respectively arranged at a distance from one another, for the outflow of the heat exchange medium (wtm) from the respectively last heat exchange tubes (10") of the tube series (100).
12. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the inflow and outflow openings (441, 451) in the inflow channel (44) and in the outflow channel (45) are respectively arranged between the bounding walls (70, 70') of the medium diverting chambers (7, 7') or their outer sides, substantially in a position in front of the inlet openings (101) of the first heat exchange tubes (10) and in front of the outlet openings (102) of the last heat exchange tubes (10'') of the tube series (100).
13. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the inflow channel (44) and the outflow channel (45) are respectively formed by a dividing wall which bears against the diverting chamber insert (700, 700'), on both sides respectively bears laterally against the lateral inner walls (402) of the hollow distributing and diverting body (4) and of the hollow collecting and diverting body (4') and is preferably formed by the cross bar (612) of a T profile (6), the vertical bar (611) of which is supported on the inner wall (403), remote from the heat exchange tube, of the hollow distributing body (4) and hollow collecting body (4').
14. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the individual diverting chamber insert (700, 700') is formed on the basis of a T profile (71), the vertical bars (711) of which respectively bear against the base wall (401) of the distributing and diverting cavity (4) and the collecting and diverting cavity (4'), where the inlet and outlet openings (101, 102) of the heat exchange tubes (10, 10', 10'') are located, and the cross bar (712) of which respectively reaches on both sides laterally as far as the lateral inner walls (402) of the hollow distributing and diverting body (4) and the hollow collecting and diverting body (4'), and in that, for the formation of the bounding walls (70, 70') of the medium diverting chambers (7, 7'), at intervals - corresponding respectively to the intervals from one another of mutually neighboring heat exchange tubes (10, 10'; 10', 10'') to be hydraulically connected to one another - the T horizontal bar (712) is respectively cut into, punched into or the like transversely as far as the T vertical bar (711) and then along the same while leaving an arcuate web (7120), and the cross-bar lugs (7121) formed in this way are curved or bent concavely or arcuately in a direction until they bear with their free ends against the base (401) of the hollow distributing and diverting body (4) and the hollow collecting and diverting body (4'), or up to the foot end of the T vertical bar (711), thereby forming the bounding wall (70, 70') of the diverting chambers (7, 7'), having the form of a diverting arc.
15. A variant of the heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 14, which can be charged with a coolant or cooling fluid that cools greatly on expansion, can readily evaporate and is under pressure, as the heat exchange medium, in particular cooling medium (wtm), characterized in that expansion nozzles (8) extending from a distributing cavity (4) that can be supplied with the envisaged heat exchange medium wtm, in particular cooling medium, protrude into the heat exchange tubes (10, 10', 10") and arranged in the same, respectively above the nozzles (8), are evaporation chicanes (80), formed with preference integrally from sheet metal and preferably substantially roof-like, equipped with distributing openings (81) and louvers (82).
16. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that - for a modular, sequential and/or serial fluid medium-tight combination of two or more hollow distributing and diverting and collecting and diverting bodies (4, 4') with one another or for the supply and disposal of heat exchange medium of a number of sequentially and/or serially arranged heat exchangers together - fluid-tight terminating connecting elements (416), attaching connecting elements (417), attaching elements (418, 419) with medium ducts (435, 437) or terminating elements (420), preferably in the form of plugs and respectively having the outer contour or inner contour corresponding to the inner cross section (Qi) or the outer cross section of said hollow bodies (4, 4') are fitted in or on, preferably soldered in or on, into the openings of said hollow bodies (4, 4') or onto the same.
17. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that hollow distributing and diverting and collecting and diverting bodies (4, 4'), heat exchange tubes (10, 10', 10''), diverting chamber inserts (700, 700'), dividing profiles (6) and all the attaching, connecting and terminating elements (41, 410, 415-422) as well as supply and discharge pipe stubs (42) are produced from aluminum or from an aluminum alloy and these components - with the exception of the diverting chamber inserts (700, 700') and the dividing profiles (6) - are connected to one another, preferably by means of soldering, in a material-integral and fluid medium-tight manner.
18. A method for connecting devices in a fluid-tight manner, in particular devices to tubes or tubes to one another, one of which tubes or devices has at the connecting location an inner cone or a tulip and the other has an outer cone or cone, and preferably the angle of the generating line of the inner cone in relation to the tube axis is greater than the analogous angle of the generating line of the outer cone, and in particular for connecting at least two of the components mentioned in claim 17 of the novel heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 16 to one another in a fluid-tight manner, in which method - while avoiding or eliminating the use of fluxing agents or soldering aids - instead of a single-phase soldering metal, a two-phase or multi-phase soldering metal system, which as the essential component comprises the respective soldering metal, forming a matrix, is introduced between the topographical regions of the workpiece parts or workpieces, devices or pipes to be soldered to one another, that are heated to a temperature preferably above the melting temperature of the soldering metal, embedded in which matrix are fine particles of an inorganic abrasive material that can be wetted with the soldering metal melt or with the eutectic soldering metal/aluminum melt forming during the soldering operation, breaks the superficial aluminum oxide skin by creeping under it, is insoluble in the metal melt and has a non-metal or semi-metal character, from the group of silicates, hard substances based on transition metal carbides and/or nitrides, spinels or the like, and in which, after appropriate relative positioning of the workpiece parts or workpieces, devices and/or pipes respectively to be soldered to one another in relation to one another, the same are pressed against one another with simultaneous application of pressure and relatively moved or displaced by small distances in the range from 0.05 to 1 mm in a linear and/or rotating and/or oscillating manner, rubbing against one another with surface contact, the surfaces or cone surfaces of the devices and/or pipes, preferably the heat exchanger components, to be connected to one another being brought into a metal-blank state by mechanical means, by removal of the surface oxide film, directly before the soldering, characterized in that, used as the two-phase or multi-phase soldering metal system is

    a) a soldering metal strip produced by multiple longitudinal folding of a strip-like foil of the soldering metal, in particular zinc, which is to be introduced or is introduced into a gap provided for the soldering connection between the devices and/or pipes to be connected, in particular between the inner cone and the outer cone of the same, with a tubular space extending substantially along its longitudinal middle zone (MZ) between the two outer flanks (AF) connected to one another on both sides of the middle zone (MZ) along the two edge zones (FY, AY, OZ, ZU) of the strip (BL) by seal welding or cold welding, which space is filled with the particles (AP) of the abrasive material, or

    b) a strip-shaped soldering metal foil, into which a multiplicity of particles of the abrasive material that break the oxide skin and can be wetted with soldering metal or eutectic melt, are introduced, in particular rolled, from one or both sides, or else

    c) a paste comprising particles of the soldering metal uniformly distributed in a fluid or oil evaporating substantially without any residue at temperatures up to a maximum of 250°C, preferably up to a maximum of 200°C, and particles of the abrasive material that break the oxide skin and can be wetted with metal melt,

    - the soldering metal particles having a particle size of from 0.05 to 0.5 mm, with preference from 0.1 to 0.3 mm, and

    - the quantity ratio of soldering metal to abrasive material particles that break the oxide skin and can be wetted with metal melt being between 3 : 1 and 30 : 1, with preference between 5 : 1 and 10 : 1.
19. The method as claimed in claim 18, characterized

    - in that the relative movement of the devices and/or pipes, in particular heat exchanger components, to be connected material-integrally to one another by means of the soldering metal, is generated by optionally rotating stroke, impact or shock wave on at least one of the same with simultaneous exertion of a (brief) pressure, or else

    - by oscillating relative movement of the devices and/or pipes or the heat exchanger components to be connected material-integrally to one another by means of the soldering metal by means of ultrasound acting on at least one of the same, with preference with a frequency of between 25 and 50 kHz.
20. The method as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that the soldering metal strip (BL) filled in its longitudinal middle zone (MZ) with the abrasive material particles (AP), according to variant a) thereof, is manufactured by longitudinal folding of a strip foil to form a cross-sectional shape substantially corresponding to the letter W, with a W middle part (MT) folded one or more times in a zigzag manner arranged between its outer flanks (AF), the two W outer flanks (AF) protruding above the middle part (MT) of the W, after which the two W outer flanks (AF) are pressed together to the height (hmt) of the W middle part (MT) and the W middle part (MT) lying between them is itself pressed together in a first stage to a Y cross-sectional shape, which is then introduced in a second stage over the entire strip length into the angular space (WR) between the two arms (AY) reaching up obliquely away from each other of the Y strip, thereby forming a powder strand of the abrasive material particles (AP), after which, in a third stage, the two obliquely reaching up Y arms (AY) are pressed against one another in a material-compacting manner, thereby forming a soldering metal strip having a bulge of its middle zone (MZ) filled with the abrasive material particles (AP).

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