EP1624114A1 - Modular dike for shore protection - Google Patents

Modular dike for shore protection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1624114A1
EP1624114A1 EP04733002A EP04733002A EP1624114A1 EP 1624114 A1 EP1624114 A1 EP 1624114A1 EP 04733002 A EP04733002 A EP 04733002A EP 04733002 A EP04733002 A EP 04733002A EP 1624114 A1 EP1624114 A1 EP 1624114A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
modules
dike
modular
prismatic
dikes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04733002A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Josep Ramon Medina Folgado
Joaquin RODR GUEZ MAS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidad Politecnica de Valencia
Original Assignee
Universidad Politecnica de Valencia
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad Politecnica de Valencia filed Critical Universidad Politecnica de Valencia
Publication of EP1624114A1 publication Critical patent/EP1624114A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of shoreline maritime works, dikes and groynes for shore protection, designed to reduce shoreline wave energy so as to improve beach stability or to reduce overflow and improve conditions of coastal flooding due to storms.
  • the precise object of the invention is the definition of modular units which afford construction, within a very short period of time, of shoreline maritime works, dikes or groynes of varying shapes and sizes, easy to dismantle, and with a reduced impact on the environment.
  • the invention is especially recommended for shore protection works in situations of emergency following major storms, where the coast requires protection against waves and the construction of a conventional structure, effective and reliable from an environmental standpoint, is not an option, due to lack of habitual time and information.
  • This submerged prefabricated dike is built by placing prismatic triangular prefabricated units, having a gently sloping seaward face, in a side-by-side relation; this dike, in the form of a reef or breakwater, is placed in the breaker zone to assist in the dissipation of wave energy and to encourage sediment deposition in the subsequent area.
  • the "Prefabricated erosion prevention wall” (patent US4818141) proposes a dike made up of prefabricated units, virtually triangular in shape, but the concave side faces seaward, causing waves to break and sediment to deposit in the subsequent area; this breakwater is permanently positioned in the breaker zone to diminish and aid deflection of wave energy, serve as a foundation for the beach and improve stability conditions.
  • the "Wave dissipation submerged dike” (patent JP2112512, 1990) is similar in type and behaviour.
  • the "Submerged breakwater and barrier reef” proposes the construction of submerged reef dikes by combining concrete units, with the concave side facing the towards the seabed and convex side towards the sea and the shore, the crest having some gaps to dissipate and deflect energy for shore protection.
  • the proposal includes tongue-and-groove systems to join the units in series, forming a compact longitudinal dike; there are certain variations on this patent.
  • the "Submerged breakwater and barrier reef” (patent US5238326, 1993) advances a triangular prismatic design, similar to the "Shoreline breakwater” but with a special wave guard-like crest, submerged and designed to reduce water energy and maintain sediment in the subsequent area.
  • the purpose of the invention is to define certain small modular elements - of lesser section than that of the dike to be constructed - which permit construction, reconstruction, relocation and/or speedy dismantling of maritime works and dikes for shore protection, of varying sections and sizes.
  • several types of basic modules are advanced which can be prefabricated and stored at a distance for use when appropriate.
  • These modules similar in size and weight or compatible with the dimensions of the containers (approximate dimensions: 8x8x20 or 40 feet), are designed for easy handling, storage and transport by the intermodal transport chain for said containers (lorries, container-carriers, railway, container cranes, transtainers, etc.).
  • the design and geometry of the modules allows dikes to be constructed in different shapes and sizes, adapting to the specific characteristics of the site (depth, maritime climate, etc.).
  • the invention also permits relatively easy change in the shape and site of modal dikes already constructed with these modules, as well as speedy and effective dismantling, the elements of the same being recoverable and available for reutilisation, without leaving undesirable remains in the sea.
  • the module elements are fitted with hooking systems for crane manipulation, buoyancy bags and other equipment to be combined with other elements with rigid or resistant elastic systems which can be broken or cut for clean, speedy dismantling.
  • the typical application of the invention is to install the dike without auxiliary elements - not easily eliminated -, using techniques such as vibroflotation which allows liquefaction of the floor and structure settling prior to the arrival of storms; this way, dismantling is transformed into a very simple operation and has a minimal impact on the environment.
  • the proposed invention is essentially intended as a rapid intervention shoreline tool. It permits installation of maritime works and dikes for shore protection in a very short space of time, with limited impact on the environment. It is also easy to dismantle, reutilise and the site may be changed if circumstances so advice.
  • the invention is particularly recommended for emergency actions following large storms, when beaches or neighbouring shoreline areas imperatively need protection and there is neither time nor the necessary technical and environmental information available to execute a conventional shoreline protection project.
  • the invention permits the speedy construction of dikes using previously prefabricated modules, stored at a distance, and the dismantling, reutilisation or modification of the already constructed dikes with minimal effort and impact to the global environment.
  • the fundamental advantage of the invention is the ability to industrialise the construction of a large part of the dike and to optimise the logistical aspects of dike construction on land or sea.
  • optimise and industrialise the module manufacturing process in places suitably prepared for the purpose (premanufacturing plants), avoiding the environmental impact and cost increments involved in on-site and/or tailored to the site construction.
  • the dismantling of a modular dike allows the modules to be reutilised in the construction of other dikes, reutilising and avoiding the production of residues, with the ensuing economic and long-term environmental advantage.
  • the basic modules have certain standardised weights and dimensions similar to or compatible with those of the containers (section of 8x8 feet and lengths of 20 and 40 feet) and can be transported by the intermodal container transport network, it is possible to efficiently manage large centralised stores of basic modules, to be transported in a short space of time, with a large degree of flexibility and at little cost, to the place on the shoreline requiring the construction of a groyne or protection dike. In this way, reductions are achieved in environmental impacts, prefabrication costs, installation and dike operability times. In addition, the elements resulting from the dismantling may be reutilised, minimising the impact on the global environment.
  • the invention permits change in the manner in which shoreline protection is currently managed.
  • the ability to construct different types and sizes of dike for shoreline protection using few basic elements makes large-scale industrialised production of basic modules possible, to be stored in determined deposits prior to distribution.
  • Industrial production, transport and storage would be very efficient processes from an economic and environmental stance, since it would be a matter of executing scheduled, repetitive tasks, continuous over time, and unconstrained by space.
  • a construction project would be swiftly drawn up, adapted to the site (floor type, depth and maritime climate), the necessary modules would then be transported from the distribution deposits.
  • the on-site construction would be simple, and at a later stage, the structure could be easily modified or dismantled, and the basic elements reutilised.
  • the logistical, economic and environmental advantages of the invention are evident.
  • the invention affords flexible shoreline management, reduced global environmental risks and shorter intervention times for shoreline protection.
  • modular dikes permit a total separation, in time and space, of the prefabrication and installation processes; accumulated reserve modules may be used in situations of crisis (large storms simultaneously affecting extensive areas of shoreline).
  • shoreline intervention times are clearly reduced, as the only requirements are for modules to be transported from the deposits to the dike site using the efficient intermodal container network and for maritime equipment to be available for the mounting and stabilisation of the dike.
  • the dike made up of reutilisable basic modules of reinforced concrete, in addition to being easy to dismantle, has a residual value which underpins the economic interest in dismantling and reversing the end works; this means the environmental impact would be small, and a guarantee thereof would be offered, which does not accompany non-modular prefabrications.
  • the invention permits the construction of emerged or submerged modular dikes, with numerous gaps, to be used in all likelihood by abundant marine species, as occurs in artificial reefs.
  • These modular dikes will generally be installed within the breaker zone (up to 7 metres deep) to support beaches or diminish waves reaching the shores. In their wave-reducing function, these dikes may be used to signal the limit of the bathing area, utilising the danger signals for boats to protect bathers.
  • the gaps with different levels of light as defined by the modular dike, allow different marine species to settle and shelter, and therefore to benefit from the new ecological space.
  • these dikes may serve to heighten the productivity and stability of marine ecosystems.
  • the invention advances the construction of dikes based on a series of basic modules, which are essentially prismatic and have varying sections.
  • modules which are essentially prismatic and have varying sections.
  • four prisms of different sections have been defined, namely, a quadrangular prism, a rectangular triangular prism with little difference between catheti, a straight trapezoidal rectangular prism with considerable difference between catheti and a straight trapezoidal prism.
  • All these modules have a width comparable to that of a conventional container (8 feet), and a direct or combined height roughly similar to that of a conventional container, for transport by semitrailer, free from clearance issues.
  • the length of the modules may vary, but would ideally be as long as the most usual conventional container length, to facilitate transport by the usual means for such containers.
  • modular dikes can be constructed from 4 up to 24 feet high with inclined vertical batters from 1/1 to 2/1, which covers the bulk of requirements of works for shoreline protection.
  • the invention consists in constructing modular dikes using few types of basic modules with a container-like width.
  • the modular dike concept permits construction of a wide variety of dikes and groynes using few types of basic modules, which may be manufactured and stored long before the dike is designed and may easily be reutilised after dismantling of the structure.
  • the environmental and logistical advantages of the modular dike concept, object of the intervention, are evident. Otherwise, the modular dike, object of this invention, can have a similar function to that of conventional concrete dikes, as a wide variety of sections and shapes of shoreline dikes may be constructed with few basic modules.
  • the modular structure will aid deflection of wave energy, being partly dissipated through friction, also through turbulence and breaking.
  • the modular dike not only reduces wave energy attacking shores but can also change the regime of currents and deposition of sediment, like conventional dikes.
  • the modular dike described here can be emerged or submerged, and may be completed with special elements such as wave guards, specially-shaped concave or convex pieces, providing the modular dike with greater hydraulic or sedimentary efficiency, or fitted with superstructures to make use of the crest in other ways.
  • Modular dikes also may be used in settings which resemble marine environments, for similar functions, such as dikes in lakes and river areas; likewise, modular dikes may be used empty or filled at a later stage with loose non-pollutant elements such as sand from the natural setting itself or filled with other materials then acting as a container for loose materials or permanent formwork if concrete is used.
  • a quadrangular prismatic module (1) a triangular prismatic module (2) with little difference between catheti, other triangular prismatic modules (3) with a great difference between catheti, and a trapezoidal prismatic module (4), which is straight, like the aforementioned triangular modules.
  • the dimensions of these modules will be apt for transport in vehicles commonly used to transport containers.
  • the width will preferably be of the order of 2.5 metres, the height closely resemble the width, and length also equivalent to that of conventional containers, that is, between 6 and 12 metres long.
  • these modules are hollow, with an adequate wall thickness to maintain optimal mechanical resistance with a minimum weight such as, for example, a thickness of 20cm, which facilitates transport and handling, incorporating in the lower base, in any case, a plurality of tongues, intended to aid stability of the module and of the structure as a whole in view of potential sliding in relation to the floor and between modules located on superimposed layers, tongues which are logically designed in concordance with the grooves (6) located in the opposite area and with the obvious purpose of determining a tongue-and-groove coupling between modules.
  • a minimum weight such as, for example, a thickness of 20cm, which facilitates transport and handling, incorporating in the lower base, in any case, a plurality of tongues, intended to aid stability of the module and of the structure as a whole in view of potential sliding in relation to the floor and between modules located on superimposed layers, tongues which are logically designed in concordance with the grooves (6) located in the opposite area and with the obvious purpose of determining a tongue-
  • the tongues (5) and grooves (6) can adopt multiple configurations and arrangements, as shown by the figures, providing that in the case of those walls of the modules (2-3-4) intended to adopt an inclined plane, specifically the upper bases, the tongues (7-7') are adequately configured to allow for the inverted mounting of one module on another, as shown in figures 5 and 8, to attain, with two of them, a higher prismatic block.
  • Modules (1), (2), (3), (4) additionally incorporate in their bases wide orifices (8), which reduce their weight, facilitate handling and penetration in the sea floor. They also incorporate in their walls lateral openings (9) with a cross piece or intermediary fixing bar (10), so that in the lateral coupling of modules, as shown in figures 9 and 10, these fixing bars (10) are laterally adjacent to effect the fixing between modules with the assistance of bonding elements (11), which may be rigid but will preferably have certain elasticity to allow for relative displacement between modules, as shown for example in figure 11.
  • the possible combinations of the different modules are virtually unlimited, attaining dikes of any width and opening, which can even act as permanent formwork in the shaping of a promenade (12), as illustrated by figure 13.
  • the different modules after mounting, the different modules have been filled with sand (13) to increase their weight and stability.
  • sand-filled geotextile bags (14) are disposed in the modules of dikes to be dismounted at a later stage, as shown in figure 11; these sacks will provide the modules with greater stability while allowing the dike to be easily constituted and dismantled.
  • modules (1), (2), (3), (4) a very large range of dike shapes and sections can be achieved.
  • these modules are easy to transport by land, easily intercouplable to attain a dike or groyne in the required shape, and easily dismountable when required.
  • modules will also be used in the dikes, such as, for example, modules with a trapezoidal, straight and isosceles base, for obtaining dikes with a generally arched layout or with an arched layout in a certain section of the same. There are also modules closed at one end, intended for use at the end or free end of dikes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
EP04733002A 2003-05-15 2004-05-14 Modular dike for shore protection Withdrawn EP1624114A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200301244A ES2222087B1 (es) 2003-05-15 2003-05-15 Dique modular para la proteccion de costas.
PCT/ES2004/000215 WO2004101896A1 (es) 2003-05-15 2004-05-14 Dique modular para protección de costas

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1624114A1 true EP1624114A1 (en) 2006-02-08

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04733002A Withdrawn EP1624114A1 (en) 2003-05-15 2004-05-14 Modular dike for shore protection

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20060275081A1 (es)
EP (1) EP1624114A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2222087B1 (es)
WO (1) WO2004101896A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (17)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100650501B1 (ko) * 2005-03-11 2006-11-29 주식회사 한길 환경친화형 친수호안블록 및 그 시공방법
US7708495B1 (en) 2007-11-20 2010-05-04 Chris Antee Levee system
US20110033242A1 (en) * 2009-08-06 2011-02-10 Steele Flood Stop System Llc Modular-unit floodwall system
WO2013081352A1 (ko) * 2011-12-02 2013-06-06 Kim Ji-Nam 해안 침식방지용 잠제블럭 및 이를 이용한 시공방법
KR101268235B1 (ko) 2013-03-28 2013-05-31 주식회사 대영엔지니어링 격벽형 흙주머니를 이용한 호안 시설물 및 이 시공 공법
US9144228B1 (en) * 2014-03-24 2015-09-29 Ora Technologies, Llc Mature modular reef
US11479930B2 (en) 2017-01-27 2022-10-25 Gary E. Abeles Mudslide erosion inhibitor
US10954641B2 (en) * 2017-01-27 2021-03-23 Gary E. Abeles Beach erosion inhibitor
US11149393B2 (en) 2017-01-27 2021-10-19 Gary E. Abeles Beach erosion inhibitor
US11795644B2 (en) 2017-01-27 2023-10-24 Gary E. Abeles Flood barrier
US10718095B2 (en) * 2017-01-27 2020-07-21 Gary E. Abeles Beach erosion inhibitor
USD954999S1 (en) 2020-06-04 2022-06-14 Vandenberg Brothers, Inc. Erosion barrier
USD948751S1 (en) 2020-06-04 2022-04-12 Vandenberg Brothers, Inc. Erosion barrier
USD954998S1 (en) 2020-06-04 2022-06-14 Vandenberg Brothers, Inc. Erosion barrier
US11603636B2 (en) * 2021-07-13 2023-03-14 Pepsy M. Kettavong Interlocking modular smart seawall diversion and recreation system and method of installation
CN113638359B (zh) * 2021-08-13 2023-01-17 清华珠三角研究院 一种防止海岸侵蚀的防护装置及其建造工艺
US11718969B1 (en) * 2021-08-27 2023-08-08 Shoreline Erosion Control Solutions, Llc Modular sea wall system

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2222087B1 (es) 2005-12-16
US20060275081A1 (en) 2006-12-07
WO2004101896A1 (es) 2004-11-25
ES2222087A1 (es) 2005-01-16

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