Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
  • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
  • E06B5/18—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes against harmful radiation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
  • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
  • Y10T428/249986—Void-containing component contains also a solid fiber or solid particle
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
  • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
  • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
  • Y10T428/249988—Of about the same composition as, and adjacent to, the void-containing component

Definitions

• the invention relates to door elements with polyurethane foams as Strahlenschutz spallmaterial and methods for their preparation.
• the invention further provides methods for producing the door elements according to the invention.
• Hüllbauweise are by sawing or milling - the processes known from wood processing are basically suitable for this - the necessary blanks from the shielding material containing polyurethane or polyisocyanurate hard foam blocks produced. They are then glued to the cover layers. Adhesives based on polyurethane, unsaturated polyester, epoxy, polyvinyl acetate Polychlorepren u.a. are suitable for this. Depending on the type of adhesive pressure and temperature are required for curing. In the so-called Grebauweise the reaction mixture is introduced into the cavity to be filled between the outer layers. During curing, it combines with the outer layers. In individual cases, additional measures may be required to achieve a good overlay adhesion. For example, sheets may be primed to improve adhesion.
• polyisocyanates are preferably used, for.
• TDI 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers
• polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanates as prepared by aniline-formaldehyde condensation and subsequent phosgenation ("crude MDI") and Carbodiimide groups, urethane groups, allophanate groups, isocyanurate groups, urea groups or biuret-containing polyisocyanates (“modified polyisocyanates”), in particular modified polyisocyanates derived from 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate or 4,4'- and / or 2,4 ' Derive -Diphenylmethandiisocyanat.
• TDI 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers
• CAMDI aniline-formaldehyde condensation and subsequent phosgenation
• Carbodiimide groups
• prepolymers of the said isocyanates and organic compounds having at least one hydroxyl group such as, for example, from 1 to 4 hydroxyl-containing polyether or polyester components of molecular weight 60 to 4,000.
• polyester polyols and polyether polyols can be used as polyol component b).
• the OH number of the polyether polyols commonly used is 25 to 900, preferably 350 to 650.
• Suitable polyether polyols can be prepared by reacting one or more alkylene oxides having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical with a starter molecule containing at least two active hydrogen atoms bound.
• alkylene oxides may be mentioned: ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin and 1,2-butylene oxide and 2,3-butylene oxide.
• ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide and mixtures thereof are used.
• the alkylene oxides can be used individually, alternately in succession or as mixtures.
• block-wise polyether polyols prepared from 1,2-propylene oxide and ethylene oxide can be obtained.
• starter molecules examples include: water, amino alcohols such as N-alkyldiethanolamines, for example N-methyldiethanolamine, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, sorbitol, sucrose, primary aliphatic and aromatic amines.
• amino alcohols such as N-alkyldiethanolamines, for example N-methyldiethanolamine, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, sorbitol, sucrose, primary aliphatic and aromatic amines.
• amino alcohols such as N-alkyldiethanolamines, for example N-methyldiethanolamine, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanedio
• polyester polyols having a number-average molecular weight of from 100 to 30 000 g / mol, preferably from 150 to 10000 g / mol, particularly preferably from 200 to 600 g / mol, of aromatic and / or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and at least 2 hydroxyl-containing polyols.
• dicarboxylic acids are phthalic, fumaric, maleic, azelaic, glutaric, adipic, suberic, terephthalic, isophthalic, decanedicarboxylic, malonic and succinic acids.
• the pure dicarboxylic acids and any mixtures thereof can be used.
• the alcohol component for the esterification are preferably used: ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,10-decanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, or mixtures thereof.
• the polyol components b) used can also contain polyether esters, as obtainable, for example, by reaction of phthalic anhydride with diethylene glycol and subsequent ethoxylation.
• c2) and c3) contain oxides, carbonates, sulfates, hydroxides, tungstates, carbides, sulfides or halides of the elements mentioned, particularly preferably the oxides, sulfates or tungstates.
• c2) the compounds barium sulfate, indium oxide and tin oxide or the metals tin, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, zirconium and c3) the compounds bismuth oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide, promethium oxide, samarium oxide, europium oxide, terbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, holmium oxide, Erbium oxide, thulium oxide, ytterbium oxide or lutetium oxide.
• component c To prepare component c), the individual constituents are dried at temperatures in the range from 30 to 500.degree. The individual constituents are then sieved with a sieve of mesh size in the range of 3 to 125 ⁇ m, then for 5 minutes to 24 hours in the mixers known to the person skilled in the art, such as propeller, turbo, shovel, trough, planetary, friction , Screw, roller, centrifugal, countercurrent, jet, drum, cone, tumble, centrifugal, cooling, vacuum, flow, gravity, fluid and pneumatic mixers mixed. Tumble mixers are preferably used.
• the specific gravity of the radiation protection additive c) is in the range of 4.0 to 13.0 g / cm 3 , preferably in the range of 6.0 to 10 g / cm 3 .
• water and / or other, known in the art chemical or physical blowing agents are used, for example methylene chloride, diethyl ether, acetone, or alkanes such as pentane, i-pentane or cyclopentane, fluorohydrocarbons such as HFC 245fa or HFC 365mfc, or inorganic blowing agents such as air or CO 2 .
• water is used as the blowing agent, it is preferably used in an amount of up to 6 parts by weight, based on the total weight of component b).
• Catalysts e), and other auxiliaries and additives f) for the production of rigid polyurethane foams are known to those skilled in principle and described for example in "Plastics Handbook", Volume 7 "polyurethanes", Chapter 6.1.
• catalysts customary in polyurethane chemistry are: triethylenediamine, N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, tetramethylenediamine, 1-methyl-4-dimethylaminoethylpiperazine, triethylamine, tributylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, N, N ', N "-tris- (dimethylaminopropyl) hexahydrotriazine, dimethylaminopropylformamide, N, N , N ', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, N, N, N', N'-tetramethylbutanediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylhexanediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, tetramethyldiaminoethyl ether, dimethylpiperazine, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 1-azabicyclo [3.3 .0]
• Suitable foam stabilizers are, in particular, polyethersiloxanes. These compounds are generally designed so that a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is connected to a Polydimethylsiloxanrest.
• Flame retardants g are known in principle to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in "Kunststoffhandbuch", Volume 7 “Polyurethanes", Chapter 6.1. These may be, for example, bromine- and chlorine-containing polyols or phosphorus compounds such as the esters of orthophosphoric acid and metaphosphoric acid, which also contain halogen.
• the foams used in the process according to the invention are usually prepared by intensively mixing the di- or polyisocyanate a) as one component and the remaining constituents in a mixture as the other component by means of a suitable, usually mechanical device.
• the production of the foams can be carried out both continuously, for example on a conveyor belt system as well as discontinuously.
• the production of rigid foams is known in the art in principle and described for example in G. Oertel (ed.) "Plastics Handbook", Volume VII, Carl Hanser Verlag, 3rd edition, Kunststoff 1993, p 267 et seq.
• the index, a term used very frequently in the production of polyurethane foams says something about the degree of crosslinking of a foam.
• the production of the foams is carried out so that the index is 80 to 600, preferably 100 to 300.
• the density of the resulting foams is 10 to 500 kg / m 3 , preferably 30 to 300 kg / m 3 and particularly preferably 60 to 150 kg / m 3 .
• the polyisocyanate used was a mixture of MDI isomers and their higher homologues having an NCO content of 31% by weight (Desmodur® 44V40L, Bayer MaterialScience AG).
• the polyol used was a polyether ester mixture having an OH number of 385, a functionality of 3.3 and a viscosity of 2000 mPas at 25 ° C. (Baymer® VP.PU 22HB16, Bayer MaterialScience AG).
• the radiation protection additive was an orange-brown, free-flowing, lump-free powder with a density of 8.5 g / cm 3 with the following components: Gd 2 O 3 36.9% by weight, W 31.5% by weight La 2 O 3 7.1% by weight, CeO 2 16.1% by weight Pr 6 O 11 1.2% by weight, Nd 2 O 3 4.3% by weight Sm 2 O 3 0.6% by weight, Eu 2 O 3 0.4% by weight Tb 2 O 3 0.2% by weight, Dy 2 O 3 0.2% by weight
• step wedges width 7.5 cm, steps in 1.25 cm / 2.5 cm / 5.0 cm / 10.0 cm / 12.5 cm height, length of each step 4 cm ) sawn. It created surfaces with different thickness and thus each different Mass assignment of the radiation protection additive c).
• the step wedges were exposed to DIN 6845 with X-radiation (X-ray tube with tungsten anti-cathode) of 100 kV and the exposed X-ray films were densitometrically evaluated. The lower the blackening, the better the screening effect.
• mass coverage Density of the sample [ G / cm 3 ] ⁇ F u ⁇ llgrad of the foam [ weight , - % ] ⁇ Thickness of sample [ cm ] / 100
• Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Test specimen thickness [mm] Mass occupation [g / cm 2 ] Blackening relative units Test specimen thickness [mm] Mass occupation [g / cm 2 ] Blackening relative units 12.5 0 6.50 12.5 0 6.50 25 0 6.50 25 0 6.50 50 0 6.50 50 0 5.36 100 0 5.92 100 0 3.96 125 0 5.36 125 0 3.47 Comparative example lead Test specimen thickness [mm] Mass occupation [g / cm 2 ] Blackening relative units 0.1 0.11 4.98 0.2 0.23 3.63 0.3 0.34 2.87 0.4 0.45 2.42 0.5 0.56 1.87 0.6 0.68 1.56 0.7 0.8 1.33 0.8 0.9 1.15 0.9 1.02 0.99 1 1.13 0.89

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
• Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)

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• 2004
  • 2004-07-29 DE DE200410036756 patent/DE102004036756A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2005
  • 2005-07-18 EP EP20050015510 patent/EP1621719A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-07-25 CA CA 2513189 patent/CA2513189A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-07-25 US US11/188,686 patent/US20060062992A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-07-27 JP JP2005217501A patent/JP2006037713A/ja active Pending

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