EP1621696B1 - Foam panel with melted surface - Google Patents

Foam panel with melted surface Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1621696B1
EP1621696B1 EP05014895.6A EP05014895A EP1621696B1 EP 1621696 B1 EP1621696 B1 EP 1621696B1 EP 05014895 A EP05014895 A EP 05014895A EP 1621696 B1 EP1621696 B1 EP 1621696B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
drainage
plate
profiling
panel according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP05014895.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1621696A2 (en
EP1621696A3 (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JOMA-Dammstoffwerk Josef Mang & Co KG GmbH
Original Assignee
JOMA-Dammstoffwerk Josef Mang & Co KG GmbH
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Publication of EP1621696A2 publication Critical patent/EP1621696A2/en
Publication of EP1621696A3 publication Critical patent/EP1621696A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1621696B1 publication Critical patent/EP1621696B1/en
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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/02Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/20Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
    • E04C2/205Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics of foamed plastics, or of plastics and foamed plastics, optionally reinforced
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B2001/742Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
    • E04B2001/748Honeycomb materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plate, in particular an insulating and / or drainage plate.
  • a plate in particular an insulating and / or drainage plate.
  • This consists of a blown, from individual, adherent particles existing foam, wherein at least one plate surface at least partially, in particular by cutting injured or divided particles.
  • the plates described above are for example cut out of a large block.
  • the surface of the Plate through the skin of the individual particles, for example, the foam beads, etc. formed.
  • the water absorption capacity of these surfaces is relatively low.
  • Insulating or drainage plates are well known in construction. Insulation boards are used to insulate the building, the insulation board is attached, for example, from the outside to the house. The insulation board can be used both in the basement area as well as in the area of the projectiles. Drainage plates are used to keep the moisture away from the case, especially at the basements. Drainage plates are also fastened to the projectile wall and have on their side facing away from the housing an embodiment such that water drained from the plate is guided in the channels of the drainage plate. As a rule, a filter fleece is arranged between the soil and the drainage plate, in order to avoid that the drainage channels are clogged by flushed soil.
  • the publication DE 44 39 415 A1 shows an insulation board with fused surface. As a result, a greater water vapor diffusion resistance of the surface is achieved. The use as a drainage plate is not provided.
  • the EP 0 102 408 1 shows a plate with a textured surface. However, this is not produced by heat treatment and thus is not waterproof.
  • the invention proposes a plate as described, wherein the plate surface is fused. It is favorable that the foam used melts with appropriate heat and thereby also changes its structure such that the beads are dissolved and a surface skin is formed.
  • the advantage here is that this resulting surface skin is more water resistant than the solution of the prior art.
  • the water absorption behavior is more favorable than the plates, which have correspondingly injured pearls on their surface, because according to the invention less or no water is absorbed.
  • the plate can be made to measure, in particular projectile high or basement level.
  • the inventive design achieves a significant advantage during assembly.
  • the floor-to-ceiling or tailor-made insulation or drainage slabs are delivered in one piece over the entire storey height and fastened with a few fasteners.
  • the installation effort is reduced by the invention, since the made-to-measure plates are prepared so straight to the dimensions of the house and no elaborate customization work on the site, especially in hard to reach places and so on are to be carried out, which usually always very are expensive.
  • inventive design does not hinder the transport.
  • inventive plates are made of a material with low density and also storey-high panels are therefore to be transported and secured by one or possibly two construction workers.
  • transport to the site is connected with exactly the same effort as in the prior art, since ultimately the insulation is indeed determined by the installed volume and exactly this volume of insulation must either with the small-sized plates or after the mass-produced, according to the invention, floor-high Plates are transported.
  • the large-scale design of the inventive plate also leads to significantly fewer gaps between the plates, which can either affect the drainage performance as a leak or as thermal bridges can affect the insulation.
  • the proposal according to the invention therefore presents in an excellent manner a plate whose transport cost is not higher than the solution according to the prior art, but their installation is much easier and faster and their efficiency, ie properties of the structure, better.
  • the plate according to the invention can be formed as an insulation board, drainage plate or combined insulation / drainage plate.
  • the inventive plate is made to measure, that is, the plate, similar to other, factory-made elements (for example, precast concrete), such as a ready buildable component is fitted and not laboriously from prefabricated mass parts one appropriate insulation or drainage must be realized.
  • the main advantage of the invention in the vertically arranged wall to see, although the invention is not limited thereto but for example in ceilings, floors is used. The tailoring to size therefore does not rule out that the plate is produced, for example, as a standard plate with large dimensions in large numbers.
  • This variant is part of the invention. As a floor-high plate while a plate is considered, for example, at least 1.80 m height.
  • the inventive advantage of saving on Cost of materials is already achieved when instead of three plates only one plate is to be mounted.
  • the plate is cut out of a block, in particular a foam block to measure, in particular thermally.
  • a foam block to measure, in particular thermally.
  • polystyrene insulation boards for example, from correspondingly large-volume foam blocks.
  • the way in which these foam blocks are manufactured makes it possible to provide sheets made to measure exactly to size.
  • the plates are cut out of the block, which can be done for example by mechanical cutting, for example, or by a thermally assisted cutting, for example by means of a cutting wire.
  • the advantage of this method of production is in particular that any thickness of the inventive plate can be realized without any additional effort. In contrast to a production in forms while different deep shapes must be provided.
  • the invention nevertheless also relates, of course, to an embodiment in which, for example, floor-to-ceiling, made-to-measure or prefabricatable panels are produced in correspondingly produced molds.
  • This variant also leads to the advantages according to the invention, as described.
  • a significant advantage of the invention lies in particular in the fact that in a further variant according to the invention a fold, in particular a hook fold, is provided in the edge region.
  • a Hakenfalz is for example in the German patent application 102 06 835.6 the same applicant described in detail. The execution of this is referred to in detail at this point.
  • the Hakenfalz is improved over the stepped rebate to the effect that the juxtaposed plates catch each other and can not be solved by a movement in the plane of the plate.
  • the Hakenfalz is thus achieved a higher stability.
  • the Hakenfalz the Dichtuzzg between the individual plates, ie in Abossryhiel gap range to improve significantly.
  • the Hakenfalz is thermally incorporated in the production of the inventive plate.
  • the sealing effect both of concrete sludge from the inside to the outside - cold bridge - as well as water from outside to inside
  • this embodiment leads in the gap area between two plates that the entire insulation or drainage on one side of the first plate on the formwork is present at the subsequent to the gap second plate, due to the lower Thickness is slightly behind.
  • the now flowing concrete will try to push this backward insulating plate forward against the formwork and additionally squeeze the Hakenfalz Scheme and thus act sealing.
  • sub-surfaces of the fused plate surface are oriented at an angle to each other, that there is a concrete or Putzanhaftrauhtechnik.
  • the melting of the plate surface does not take place in such a way that an exactly flat, homogeneous surface is formed.
  • the material forming the particles is melted, ie liquefied.
  • Absetzzi of Schupphs or the like which warms the surface, while corresponding liquefied areas of the surface will adhere and pulled along during the peeling movement.
  • these areas will sooner or later be separated from the heating mirror and then, shortly thereafter, freeze.
  • no pearl-like particles form from it, but the initially liquefied particulate material solidifies by cooling. This results in a relatively irregular and advantageously rough surface, which is particularly favorable to improve the primer for concrete, plaster or other applications accordingly.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible that such a plate is also used as an insulating board, for example in the facade area, where, for example, is plastered on the outside of the plate. Also by the plaster entering liquid is also prevented by the closed surface of the insulation board from penetrating into the insulation board.
  • the roughness described here arises flat over the entire plate surface, just everywhere, where this, preferably formed by the action of heat, fused plate surface is formed.
  • the plate surface is water repellent.
  • the plate according to the invention is processed in such a way that its ability to absorb water is significantly reduced or prevented.
  • this effect can be achieved not only by the sole fusing of the plate surface, but optionally by the metered, controlled feeding of appropriate chemical hardeners or sealers in the liquid phase of the foam material.
  • the invention has recognized that it is important to suitably close at least one surface of the insulation board according to the invention so that no water can penetrate. This, of course, is the side facing the water, for example in the drainage application.
  • XPS extruded polystyrene
  • EPS expanded polystyrene
  • the insulating panels formed from extruded polystyrene already have a foam skin or particle skin, which represents a certain water barrier, but this is also improved by the proposal according to the invention.
  • the proposal according to the invention is not limited solely to particles formed by previously cutting the plate and initially injured or divided on the plate surface. These injured or divided particles are obtained, for example, in the fusing process of the plate surface in the same way in the sense of the invention.
  • the invention achieves that channels or microchannels remaining between the beads, which can be filled by penetrating water (for example by capillary action), are also reliably and reliably sealed. It should be noted that, of course, this capillary effect in both plates with undamaged, as well as injured beads / particles in the same way.
  • At least one of the surfaces of the insulation board is closed accordingly. It is particularly beneficial if all sides of the insulation board are exposed to a corresponding moisture load that all surfaces are sealed accordingly.
  • a surface glazing is formed by the action of heat on the surface.
  • This surface glazing or sintering is due to the fact that, for example, polystyrene slowly softens from about 100 ° and begins to sinter. The melting process thus leads at a certain temperature to a corresponding glazing or sintering.
  • sintering a waterproof seal on the surface, which is conveniently formed exactly on the outside of the insulation board, namely, where the largest amount of heat is impressed. The result is an opening which closes the open beads in the same way as the interstices in the extruded polystyrene sealing layer, which extremely hampers or even makes water absorption impossible.
  • the plate has a profiling on at least one side.
  • the profiling serves to improve the composite between the inventive plate and a wall designed as a concrete wall.
  • the plate according to the invention is fastened, for example with corresponding wire pins on the formwork, such that the formwork for the filling of the concrete remains free. The inserted concrete then engages in the profiling and connects the plate firmly to the concrete wall.
  • the profiling For the embodiment of the profiling several variants are possible according to the invention. For example, it is intended to form the profiling as grooving. Alternatively, it is possible to form the profiling as a particular net-like, channel-like arrangement. Furthermore, it is provided that the profiling is realized as an arrangement of recesses incorporated in the plate.
  • a regular arrangement of recesses to be worked into the plate is provided, which, for example, can also be easily incorporated in a mechanical process.
  • the regular arrangement of the profiling also ensures that the profiling is available in a wide, sufficient area of the plate for a composite.
  • At least one side of the plate has a profiling.
  • the profiling serves as a drainage channel and / or as a plaster or Betonhaftisation.
  • a significant advantage of the plate is, in particular, that it can correspond to several applications as a combination plate.
  • the profiling serves as a drainage channel and at the same time as plaster or Betonhaft Design and so the plate is inexpensive to produce in large batches.
  • the plate for example, also provides an adhesive surface for plaster or concrete
  • this is related with the roughness of the plate surface resulting from the fusion process.
  • two complementary mechanisms are provided to achieve optimum bonding of the panel to the plaster or concrete. It is favorable, in particular, that the profiling is introduced into the plate with the same processing step, as well as the fusion of the plate surface. By a processing step so that several functions or properties of the plate created.
  • the plate has drainage at least on one side.
  • the drainage or drainage is used to provide defined drainage channels for water reaching the plate to ensure that the water is kept away from the structure.
  • the drainage is formed as an arrangement of opposite the plate projecting, between each drainage channels forming drainage surveys.
  • the drainage surveys while a variety of different variants are possible. These can be designed, for example, as egg cups, pyramids, cones, discs, cylinders, cubes or cuboids.
  • the different shapes offer different properties in this connection with a filter fleece arranged on the drainage.
  • Such an arrangement may be advantageous, for example, if no high force development is to be expected from the side of the soil adjoining the filter fabric, since a support of the filter fabric on a smaller contact surface of a pointed, oval eggcup, pyramid or cone does not lead to a Damage to the filter fleece leads.
  • An essential advantage of the invention is that, as already described, the profiling is incorporated into the plate in a processing step and at the same time there is also a fusion or glazing of the plate surface.
  • the arrangement is chosen so that the side surfaces of the drainage surveys have a fused surface.
  • a corresponding embossing will be done on the plate and formed the corresponding drainage surveys.
  • the material lying between the drainage elevations melts and distributes correspondingly on the remaining surfaces, the side surfaces of the drainage elevations or at the bottom of the channels or groove or drainage channels.
  • the walls of the profiling are closed. Since the profiles often lateral walls have, which are oriented at an acute to right angle to the actual surface of the insulation board, it is clear that the surface that can face the water is increased accordingly and also these wall surfaces are favorably form closed cell.
  • the embodiment of the invention does not use the thermal impressions for decoration purposes, where it ultimately does not depend on the technical function, but has an improvement of the physical properties of the plate to the goal. Since the plate according to the invention is installed anyway in the non-visible area, for example as a drainage in the ground or as an insulating board on the facade, decorative aspects are anyway immaterial here.
  • the invention is not limited to this application of the plate, it can of course in the same way, for example, in the ceiling or floor area, for example, as a sandwich or combination plate, as described, find use.
  • Another, inventive advantage is achieved in that the arrangement of the drainage surveys is rotationally symmetric at least with respect to a 90 ° division or rotation, so it ultimately does not matter in which way a plate according to the invention is installed, but the preferred directions are in usually horizontal or vertical. Will be decided at short notice, the plate the other way around, so to Installed rotated 90 °, exactly the same capacity is provided with respect to the drainage, since the channel arrangement or the arrangement of the drainage surveys are each equivalent.
  • the profiling and / or the drainage is created by a thermal processing of the plate.
  • the material of the plate consists of a thermoplastic material such as polystyrene or polyurethane.
  • the property of this material is such that it changes permanently by the action of heat and so the surface can be given a corresponding embossing, either as a drainage or as a profiling.
  • the cut polystyrene beads resulting from cutting are filled by the machining, but also the adjacent pores, as they are present, for example, in the production of small-format plates produced in molds, are fused together.
  • the advantage is that not only the respective plate surface can be given a special property by the thermal processing, but in addition the plate surface undergoes a corresponding improvement or refinement.
  • the plate has a curvature.
  • This curvature can be achieved, for example, by a controlled, thermal treatment of just one surface side.
  • the thermoplastic properties of the insulation block material causes the heat-affected side to contract and a flat plate to be arched afterwards.
  • the process is fully controlled to realize the curvature with appropriate radii.
  • the invention also allows in principle the realization of a spherically curved plate, which thus has both a radius of curvature in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • a filter fleece on the drainage. It is possible to attach the filter fleece to the plate, especially at this to be welded or glued or optionally also by appropriate fasteners such as pins, hooks and the like.
  • the arrangement of the filter fleece is, for example, already factory, arranged on the mass produced, ready-made, inventive plate and the plate thus designed is verbaufertig delivered to the site.
  • the nonwoven is also integrally mounted on the plate to provide even here under certain circumstances dangerous shock and Studentslapp Kunststoffes of the nonwoven.
  • the invention comprises a method for producing a designed as insulating and / or drainage plate.
  • a method for producing a designed as insulating and / or drainage plate There are known methods in which the foamed plastic material is filled into molds and so the insulation or drainage plates are produced.
  • the disadvantage of such an embodiment is that with different format changes, even if only because of a different plate thickness, a new shape is necessary. A made-to-measure manufacturing of plates is possible according to the prior art only with great effort.
  • the plate is first cut out of a foam block, in particular an insulating foam block, and thereafter at least one side of the plate undergoes a thermal treatment to form a profiling and / or drainage.
  • a foam block in particular an insulating foam block
  • the plate undergoes a thermal treatment to form a profiling and / or drainage.
  • the invention it is provided that, for example, only one insulation board is to be realized, in which on the back of a profiling is arranged to improve, for example, the verbund the insulation board with concrete, plaster, cement, adhesive or the like.
  • the thermal processing is achieved for example by appropriately trained, heated, profiled stamp, which are pressed onto the cut-out plate. Since the material is thermoplastic, it gives way under the force of the punch back accordingly and assumes the positive contour of the negative mold.
  • the advantage of the thermal processing lies in the fact that simultaneously with a corresponding impression of a profiling or a drainage on the plate is also the plate itself is refined, to the effect that a fused plate surface is reached, through which the otherwise remaining open at the surface pores are closed, thus further preventing and reducing the ingress of water.
  • a significant advantage of the invention is, in particular, that the plate is cut to order-related Baustellenmasse.
  • the process makes it possible to manufacture components required for a specific construction project and deliver them prefabricated to the construction site, thereby considerably reducing the on-site assembly workload.
  • the effort for an order-related production is low, since anyway each plate is cut out of the insulation block and if corresponding order-related data are available, then just to these values.
  • a one-sided heat input causes the surface of this heat-affected side to contract, thus resulting in a bulge, which can be used, for example, to form a plate for rounded surfaces.
  • the invention comprises a method for processing a designed as an insulating or drainage plate plate, as has been described, wherein it is proposed that the plate is set in a formwork and is poured after formwork with concrete.
  • the advantage of this method according to the invention lies in the fact that a storey-high plate is already on its own over the entire formwork height and can not be fixed with additional effort.
  • several, side by side to be arranged plates are assembled with their folds, in particular the hook rabbet is low, as it already a self-standing wall results.
  • the method according to the invention also works even with a stepped rebate in the edge region.
  • the inventive method not only offers advantages in the construction of a building, but is also used in a precast concrete plant and also because of advantage, since the plate is made to measure exactly and can be processed without additional effort in a series production.
  • the plate is fastened or fixed to one, preferably the building-exterior-side formwork. It is sufficient to attach the plate with one or a few stiffeners on the formwork, such that the plate does not tip over during concreting and hinders further concreting.
  • the method according to the invention it is possible with the aid of the method according to the invention to provide both a precast concrete part with, for example, a one-sided plate, or also a multilayer construction in the form of a sandwich arrangement and so on.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used on the construction site.
  • the inventive plate 1 is, as in Fig. 1 shown, for example, installed on the outside of a building wall 9.
  • 9 shows a cellar wall.
  • the outside of the building is now insulated and provided drainage.
  • the plate 1 rests on the foundation strip.
  • Plate 1 shown in plan view has a stepped rebate in the edge region 10.
  • a multiplicity of different step shapes according to the invention can be realized here.
  • the filter fabric is not shown, but as in plan view Fig. 2 is used.
  • the filter fleece 4 serves to prevent the drainage channels 30 formed by the drainage elevations 31 from becoming clogged by soil.
  • the filter fleece is glued or welded to the plate 1, for example, which can be done conveniently after the thermal processing, for example.
  • the filter fleece can also be retrofitted, for example, in this way.
  • FIG. 3 In an enlarged view shows Fig. 3 again in a plan view of the edge region of the inventive plate.
  • the profiling 2 is realized on the building 9 side facing the plate 1 by recesses 20.
  • the surface of the plate which ultimately results is considerably enlarged, since corresponding elevations or recesses are incorporated, but at the same time the surfaces 12, 13 also undergo refinement or protection.
  • the heat impression leads to a crusting of the surface and thus makes the plate more water resistant.
  • thermal processing not only heats the parallelepiped surfaces lying parallel to the longitudinal extension of the plate, but in the same way perpendicularly to the recesses 20 or the drainage channels 30. The plate thus experiences a refinement or improvement on the surface sides 12, 13 water resistant properties.
  • Fig. 1 is shown as an embodiment of the design of the drainage 3, the disc or cylindrical drainage projections 31 are provided.
  • the respective centers of the circular drainage elevations 31 are located at the intersections of a network.
  • These drainage projections 31 are each of the same diameter.
  • a drainage channel 30 is formed between adjacent drainage surveys.
  • the arrangement is rotationally symmetrical about 90 °, which means that when the arrangement is rotated through 90 °, the same drainage channel ratio or the same arrangement is also available.
  • a net-like drainage channel structure 31 is provided between drainage elevations 31 formed as a cuboid or cube. This arrangement is rotationally symmetrical.
  • honeycomb Drainage surveys 31 are delimited by drainage channels intersecting below 120 °. Nevertheless, this embodiment achieved with a rotation of 90 ° exactly the same drainage drainage performance as in Fig. 1 or in Fig. 4 shown variant.

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Platte, insbesondere eine Dämm- und/oder Drainageplatte. Diese besteht aus einem geblähten, aus einzelnen, zusammenhaftenden Partikeln bestehenden Schaumstoff, wobei zumindest eine Plattenoberfläche zumindest teilweise insbesondere durch Schneiden verletzte oder geteilte Partikel aufweist.The invention relates to a plate, in particular an insulating and / or drainage plate. This consists of a blown, from individual, adherent particles existing foam, wherein at least one plate surface at least partially, in particular by cutting injured or divided particles.

Die eingangs beschriebenen Platten werden zum Beispiel aus einem großen Block herausgeschnitten. Bei der Herstellung im Block, oder allgemein in einer Form, wird die Oberfläche der Platte durch die Haut der einzelnen Partikel, zum Beispiel der Schaumstoffperlen usw., gebildet. Das Wasseraufnahmevermögen dieser Oberflächen ist verhältnismäßig gering.The plates described above are for example cut out of a large block. When produced in a block, or generally in a mold, the surface of the Plate through the skin of the individual particles, for example, the foam beads, etc. formed. The water absorption capacity of these surfaces is relatively low.

Die Produktion von Platten, die aus entsprechenden Blöcken herausgeschnitten werden, führt aber dazu, daß fast alle Platten an ihren Plattenoberflächen zumindest teilweise durch Schneiden verletzte oder geteilte Partikel beziehungsweise Perlen aufweisen. Diese geöffneten Perlen haben ein deutlich höheres Wasseraufnahmeverhalten, sie durchfeuchten schneller. Die Wasseraufnahme verschlechtert aber gleichzeitig die Dämmeigenschaften einer als Dämmplatte eingesetzten Platte.However, the production of slabs cut out of corresponding blocks results in almost all slabs having at least partially broken or split particles or beads on their slab surfaces by cutting. These open pearls have a much higher water absorption behavior, they moisten faster. However, the absorption of water at the same time deteriorates the insulating properties of a board used as an insulating board.

Es ist auch bekannt, solche Platten sowohl als Dämm- als auch gleichzeitig als Drainageplatte einzusetzen.It is also known to use such plates both as Dämm- and at the same time as a drainage plate.

Dämm- beziehungsweise Drainageplatten sind im Bauwesen hinlänglich bekannt. Dämmplatten dienen zum Isolieren des Gebäudes, wobei die Dämmplatte zum Beispiel von der Aussenseite her am Haus befestigt wird. Die Dämmplatte ist dabei sowohl im Kellerbereich wie auch im Bereich der Geschosse einsetzbar. Drainageplatten werden eingesetzt, um die Feuchtigkeit gerade bei den Kellergeschossen vom Gehäuse fernzuhalten. Auch Drainageplatten werden an der Geschosswand entsprechend befestigt und weisen auf ihrer, dem Gehäuse abgewandten Seite eine Ausgestaltung auf, derart, dass an der Platte ablaufendes Wasser in den Kanälen der Drainageplatte geführt ist. In der Regel wird zwischen dem Erdreich und der Drainageplatte ein Filtervlies angeordnet, um zu vermeiden, dass die Drainagekanäle durch eingespültes Erdreich verstopft werden.Insulating or drainage plates are well known in construction. Insulation boards are used to insulate the building, the insulation board is attached, for example, from the outside to the house. The insulation board can be used both in the basement area as well as in the area of the projectiles. Drainage plates are used to keep the moisture away from the case, especially at the basements. Drainage plates are also fastened to the projectile wall and have on their side facing away from the housing an embodiment such that water drained from the plate is guided in the channels of the drainage plate. As a rule, a filter fleece is arranged between the soil and the drainage plate, in order to avoid that the drainage channels are clogged by flushed soil.

Im Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, die verletzten Oberflächen zum Beispiel zu kaschieren. Dies verteuert natürlich die Herstellung entsprechender Platten, solche Platten kommen dann, zum Beispiel im Außenbereich, in diesem Bereich nicht zum Einsatz.In the prior art it is known to conceal the injured surfaces, for example. Of course, this makes the production of corresponding panels more expensive, such panels are not used, for example outdoors, in this area.

Die Druckschrift DE 44 39 415 A1 zeigt eine Dämmplatte mit verschmolzener Oberfläche. Hierdurch wird ein größerer Wasserdampf-Diffusionswiderstand der Oberfläche erreicht. Der Einsatz als Drainageplatte ist nicht vorgesehen.The publication DE 44 39 415 A1 shows an insulation board with fused surface. As a result, a greater water vapor diffusion resistance of the surface is achieved. The use as a drainage plate is not provided.

Die EP 0 102 408 1 zeigt eine Platte mit strukturierter Oberfläche. Diese wird jedoch nicht durch Wärmebehandlung hergestellt und ist somit nicht wasserdicht.The EP 0 102 408 1 shows a plate with a textured surface. However, this is not produced by heat treatment and thus is not waterproof.

Vor diesem Hintergrund hat es sich die Erfindung zur Aufgabe gemacht, eine Platte zu entwicklen, die auch in Bereichen einsetzbar ist, wo Feuchtigkeit oder ablaufendes Wasser anfällt.Against this background, it has been the object of the invention to develop a plate which can also be used in areas where moisture or running water is produced.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung eine Platte wie beschrieben vor, wobei die Plattenoberfläche verschmolzen ist. Es ist günstig, daß der eingesetzte Schaumstoff bei entsprechender Wärmeeinwirkung schmilzt und dabei auch seine Struktur derart verändert, daß die Perlen aufgelöst werden und eine Oberflächenhaut entsteht. Vorteilhaft dabei ist, daß diese so entstehende Oberflächenhaut wasserresistenter ist, als die Lösung nach dem Stand der Technik. Das Wasseraufnahmeverhalten ist gegenüber der Platten, die entsprechend verletzte Perlen an ihrer Oberfläche haben, günstiger, weil nach der Erfindung weniger oder kein Wasser aufgenommen wird.To achieve this object, the invention proposes a plate as described, wherein the plate surface is fused. It is favorable that the foam used melts with appropriate heat and thereby also changes its structure such that the beads are dissolved and a surface skin is formed. The advantage here is that this resulting surface skin is more water resistant than the solution of the prior art. The water absorption behavior is more favorable than the plates, which have correspondingly injured pearls on their surface, because according to the invention less or no water is absorbed.

Damit eröffnet sich für diese Art von Platten ein weiterer Anwendungsbereich, diese können zum Beispiel auch als Drainageplatten zum Beispiel im Kellergeschoß von Gebäuden auf der Außenseite eingesetzt werden, wo sowohl eine Wasserableiteigenschaft, wie auch eine Dämmeigenschaft gefordert wird. Durch die nach der Erfindung verminderte Wasseraufnahme ist das Risiko einer signifikanten Verschlechterung der Isolierung deutlich reduziert.This opens up a further field of application for this type of panels, which can also be used, for example, as drainage panels, for example in the basement of buildings on the outside, where both a drainage property and a damper feature are required. The reduced water absorption according to the invention significantly reduces the risk of a significant deterioration of the insulation.

In einer bevorzugten Variante der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Platte auf Maß konfektionierbar, insbesondere geschoßhoch oder kellergeschoßhoch ausgebildet ist.In a preferred variant of the invention it is provided that the plate can be made to measure, in particular projectile high or basement level.

Die erfindungsgemässe Ausgestaltung erreicht einen erheblichen Vorteil bei der Montage. Die geschosshohen beziehungsweise auf Mass konfektionierten Dämm- beziehungsweise Drainageplatten werden über die gesamte Geschosshöhe einstückig angeliefert und mit wenigen Befestigungsmitteln befestigt.The inventive design achieves a significant advantage during assembly. The floor-to-ceiling or tailor-made insulation or drainage slabs are delivered in one piece over the entire storey height and fastened with a few fasteners.

Hieraus resultieren erhebliche vorteile.This results in considerable advantages.

In letzter Konsequenz sind für das Befestigen der erfindungsgemässen Platte genau gleich viele Befestigungsmittel notwendig, wie für die einzelne, kleinformatige Platte nach dem Stand der Technik. Da die Befestigungsmittel nur das geringe Gewicht der Platte zu halten sondern nur für eine Fixierung der Platte an dem Gebäude zu sorgen haben, ist die Lastaufnahme bei der Befestigung vernachlässigbar. Da aber die geschosshohe Platte eine deutlich grössere Fläche besitzt, sinkt durch die Erfindung der Montageaufwand für die zu isolierende Fläche erheblich.In the final analysis, exactly the same number of fastening means are necessary for fastening the plate according to the invention as for the single, small-format plate according to the prior art. Since the fasteners have to keep only the low weight of the plate but only to ensure a fixation of the plate to the building, the load bearing in the attachment is negligible. However, since the storey-high plate has a significantly larger area, the installation effort for the surface to be insulated decreases considerably as a result of the invention.

Des Weiteren wird durch die Erfindung der Montageaufwand gesenkt, da die auf Mass konfektionierten Platten ja gerade auf die Abmessungen des Hauses hergerichtet sind und keine aufwendigen Anpassarbeiten an der Baustelle, insbesondere an schlecht zugänglichen Stellen und so weiter durchzuführen sind, die in der Regel immer sehr aufwendig sind.Furthermore, the installation effort is reduced by the invention, since the made-to-measure plates are prepared so straight to the dimensions of the house and no elaborate customization work on the site, especially in hard to reach places and so on are to be carried out, which usually always very are expensive.

Die erfindungsgemässe Ausgestaltung behindert auch den Transport nicht. Üblicherweise sind die erfindungsgemässen Platten aus einem Material mit geringer Dichte geschaffen und auch geschosshohe Platten sind daher von einem oder gegebenenfalls von zwei Bauarbeitern zu transportieren und zu befestigen. Auch der Transport zur Baustelle ist exakt mit dem gleichen Aufwand verbunden wie nach dem Stand der Technik, da letztendlich die Dämmung ja durch das verbaute Volumen bestimmt ist und genau dieses Volumen an Dämmstoff muss entweder mit den kleinformatigen Platten oder nach den masskonfektionierten, erfindungsgemässen, geschosshohen Platten antransportiert werden.The inventive design does not hinder the transport. Usually, the inventive plates are made of a material with low density and also storey-high panels are therefore to be transported and secured by one or possibly two construction workers. Also, the transport to the site is connected with exactly the same effort as in the prior art, since ultimately the insulation is indeed determined by the installed volume and exactly this volume of insulation must either with the small-sized plates or after the mass-produced, according to the invention, floor-high Plates are transported.

Bei der Montage der Platte erspart man sich dabei natürlich auch das aufwenidige Aufeinanderschichten der einzelnen, kleinformatigen Platten, da die einzelnen, erfindungsgemässen, geschosshohen Platten nebeneinander gestellt werden und in einem Arbeitsgang eine Dämmung und/oder Drainage über die gesamte Geschosshöhe realisierbar ist.Of course, when assembling the plate, it also saves the aufwenidige stacking of the individual, small-sized plates, as the individual, inventive, floor-high Plates are placed side by side and in one operation an insulation and / or drainage over the entire floor height can be realized.

Die grossflächige Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemässen Platte führt aber auch dazu, dass deutlich weniger Spalte zwischen den Platten bestehen, die entweder als Undichtigkeit die Drainageleistung beeinträchtigen können oder auch als Wärmebrücken die Dämmung beeinträchtigen können.However, the large-scale design of the inventive plate also leads to significantly fewer gaps between the plates, which can either affect the drainage performance as a leak or as thermal bridges can affect the insulation.

Der erfindungsgemässe Vorschlag präsentiert daher in hervorragender Weise eine Platte, deren Transportaufwand nicht höher ist als die Lösung nach dem Stand der Technik, deren Montage aber deutlich einfacher und schneller sowie deren Effizienz, also Eigenschaften am Bauwerk, besser sind.The proposal according to the invention therefore presents in an excellent manner a plate whose transport cost is not higher than the solution according to the prior art, but their installation is much easier and faster and their efficiency, ie properties of the structure, better.

Die erfindungsgemässe Platte ist dabei als Dämmplatte, Drainageplatte oder als kombinierte Dämm-/Drainageplatte ausbildbar. Jede dieser drei verschiedenen, erfindungsgemässen Varianten umfassen dabei die vorgenannten Vorteile. Günstig ist, dass die erfindungsgemässe Platte auf Mass konfektioniert ist, das heisst, dass die Platte, ähnlich wie andere, im Werk hergestellte Elemente (zum Beispiel Betonfertigteile), wie ein fertig verbaubares Bauelement passend geliefert wird und nicht in mühsamer Arbeit aus vorgefertigten Massenteilen eine passende Dämmung oder Drainage realisiert werden muss. Dabei ist der wesentliche vorteil der Erfindung natürlich bei der vertikal angeordneten wand zu sehen, wenngleich die Erfindung hierauf nicht beschränkt ist sondern zum Beispiel auch in Decken, Böden einsetzbar ist. Das Konfektionieren auf Mass schliesst daher nicht aus, dass die Platte zum Beispiel als Standartplatte mit grossen Abmessungen in grosser Anzahl produziert wird. Auch diese Variante gehört zur Erfindung. Als geschosshohe Platte wird dabei eine Platte von zum Beispiel mindestens 1,80 m Höhe angesehen. Der erfindungsgemässe Vorteil einer Einsparung an Materialaufwand wird auch schon dann erreicht, wenn statt drei Platten nur eine Platte zu montieren ist.The plate according to the invention can be formed as an insulation board, drainage plate or combined insulation / drainage plate. Each of these three different variants according to the invention comprises the aforementioned advantages. It is favorable that the inventive plate is made to measure, that is, the plate, similar to other, factory-made elements (for example, precast concrete), such as a ready buildable component is fitted and not laboriously from prefabricated mass parts one appropriate insulation or drainage must be realized. The main advantage of the invention, of course, in the vertically arranged wall to see, although the invention is not limited thereto but for example in ceilings, floors is used. The tailoring to size therefore does not rule out that the plate is produced, for example, as a standard plate with large dimensions in large numbers. This variant is part of the invention. As a floor-high plate while a plate is considered, for example, at least 1.80 m height. The inventive advantage of saving on Cost of materials is already achieved when instead of three plates only one plate is to be mounted.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Platte aus einem Block, insbesondere einem Schaumblock auf Mass, insbesondere thermisch herausgeschnitten ist. Es ist bekannt, Polystyrol-Dämmplatten zum Beispiel aus entsprechend grossvolumigen Schaumblöcken herauszuschneiden. Die Herstellungsweise dieser Schaumblöcke erlaubt es, exakt auf Mass gefertigte Platten zur Verfügung zu stellen. Dabei werden die Platten aus dem Block herausgeschnitten, wobei dies zum Beispiel durch ein mechanisches Schneiden zum Beispiel erfolgen kann oder durch ein thermisch unterstütztes Schneiden zum Beispiel mit Hilfe eines Schneiddrahtes. Der vorteil dieser Herstellungsweise liegt insbesondere darin, dass ohne jeglichen zusätzlichen Aufwand beliebige Dicken der erfindungsgemässen Platte realisiert werden kann. Im Vergleich zu einer Herstellung in Formen müssen dabei unterschiedlich tiefe Formen vorgesehen werden. Die Erfindung bezieht sich aber gleichwohl natürlich auch auf eine Ausgestaltung, bei welcher zum Beispiel geschosshohe, auf Mass konfektionierte oder konfektionierbare Platte in entsprechend dafür hergestellten Formen produziert werden. Auch diese Variante führt zu den erfindungsgemässen vorteilen, wie geschildert.In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the plate is cut out of a block, in particular a foam block to measure, in particular thermally. It is known to cut polystyrene insulation boards, for example, from correspondingly large-volume foam blocks. The way in which these foam blocks are manufactured makes it possible to provide sheets made to measure exactly to size. In this case, the plates are cut out of the block, which can be done for example by mechanical cutting, for example, or by a thermally assisted cutting, for example by means of a cutting wire. The advantage of this method of production is in particular that any thickness of the inventive plate can be realized without any additional effort. In contrast to a production in forms while different deep shapes must be provided. However, the invention nevertheless also relates, of course, to an embodiment in which, for example, floor-to-ceiling, made-to-measure or prefabricatable panels are produced in correspondingly produced molds. This variant also leads to the advantages according to the invention, as described.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung liegt insbesondere darin, dass in einer weiteren, erfindungsgemässen Variante im Randbereich ein Falz, insbesondere ein Hakenfalz vorgesehen ist. Ein solcher Hakenfalz ist zum Beispiel in der deutschen Patentanmeldung 102 06 835.6 der gleichen Anmelderin ausführlich beschrieben. Auf die Ausführung hierzu wird an dieser Stelle ausführlich Bezug genommen. Der Hakenfalz ist dabei gegenüber dem Stufenfalz dahingehend verbessert, dass die aneinandergestellten Platten einander verhaken und durch eine Bewegung in Plattenebene nicht gelöst werden können. Durch den Hakenfalz wird also eine höhere Stabilität erreicht. Gleichzeitig ist es möglich durch die Ausgestaltung mit dem Hakenfalz die Dichtuzzg zwischen den einzelnen Platten, also im Stossbeziehungsweise Spaltbereich, erheblich zu verbessern. Günstigerweise wird der Hakenfalz bei der Herstellung der erfindungsgemässen Platte thermisch eingearbeitet.A significant advantage of the invention lies in particular in the fact that in a further variant according to the invention a fold, in particular a hook fold, is provided in the edge region. Such a Hakenfalz is for example in the German patent application 102 06 835.6 the same applicant described in detail. The execution of this is referred to in detail at this point. The Hakenfalz is improved over the stepped rebate to the effect that the juxtaposed plates catch each other and can not be solved by a movement in the plane of the plate. By the Hakenfalz is thus achieved a higher stability. At the same time it is possible by the design with the Hakenfalz the Dichtuzzg between the individual plates, ie in Abossbeziehungsweise gap range to improve significantly. Conveniently, the Hakenfalz is thermally incorporated in the production of the inventive plate.

Durch eine Ausgestaltung der Platte derart, dass diese insbesondere im Randbereich unterschiedliche Dicken aufweist wird erreicht, dass der Abdichteffekt (sowohl von Betonschlämme von innen nach aussen - Kältebrücke - wie von Wasser von aussen nach innen) der Platte noch verbessert wird. Bei einem Einbau der erfindungsgemässen Platte, zum Beispiel in einer Betonschalung, führt diese Ausgestaltung im Spaltbereich zwischen zwei Platten dazu, dass die gesamte Dämmung beziehungsweise Drainage einseitig bei der ersten Platte an der Schalung ansteht an der an dem Spalt anschliessenden zweiten Platte, aufgrund der geringeren Dicke etwas zurücksteht. Der nun einfliessende Beton wird versuchen, diese zurückstehende Dämmstoffplatte nach vorne gegen die Schalung zu drücken und zusätzliche den Hakenfalzbereich verquetschen und somit dichtend wirken.By an embodiment of the plate such that it has different thicknesses, in particular in the edge region, it is achieved that the sealing effect (both of concrete sludge from the inside to the outside - cold bridge - as well as water from outside to inside) of the plate is improved. In an installation of the inventive plate, for example, in a concrete formwork, this embodiment leads in the gap area between two plates that the entire insulation or drainage on one side of the first plate on the formwork is present at the subsequent to the gap second plate, due to the lower Thickness is slightly behind. The now flowing concrete will try to push this backward insulating plate forward against the formwork and additionally squeeze the Hakenfalzbereich and thus act sealing.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Platte ist vorgesehen, daß Teiloberflächen der verschmolzenen Plattenoberfläche derart winklig zueinander orientiert sind, daß sich eine Beton- beziehungsweise Putzanhaftrauhigkeit ergibt. Das Verschmelzen der Plattenoberfläche erfolgt nicht derart, daß eine exakt ebene, homogene Oberfläche entsteht. Durch das Erwärmen der Plattenoberfläche wird das Material, welches die Partikel bildet, angeschmolzen, also verflüssigt. Bei der Andrück- und Absetzbewegung des Heizstempels oder dergleichen, welcher die Oberfläche anwärmt, werden dabei entsprechende verflüssigte Bereiche der Oberfläche haften bleiben und bei der Abziehbewegung mitgezogen. Je nachdem, wie diese Bereiche ausgebildet sind, natürlich auch in Abhängigkeit zu der Temperatur, werden diese Bereiche früher oder später von dem Heizspiegel getrennt und dann, kurze Zeit danach, erstarren. Es bilden sich dabei natürlich keine perlenartigen Partikel mehr aus, sondern das zunächst verflüssigte Partikelmaterial erstarrt durch Abkühlung. Es entsteht somit eine verhältnismäßig unregelmäßige und vorteilhafterweise rauhe Oberfläche, die insbesondere günstig ist, um den Haftgrund für Beton, Putz oder andere Anwendungen entsprechend zu verbessern.In an advantageous embodiment of the plate according to the invention it is provided that sub-surfaces of the fused plate surface are oriented at an angle to each other, that there is a concrete or Putzanhaftrauhigkeit. The melting of the plate surface does not take place in such a way that an exactly flat, homogeneous surface is formed. By heating the plate surface, the material forming the particles is melted, ie liquefied. In the pressing and Absetzbewegung of Heizstempels or the like, which warms the surface, while corresponding liquefied areas of the surface will adhere and pulled along during the peeling movement. Depending on how these areas are formed, of course, depending on temperature, these areas will sooner or later be separated from the heating mirror and then, shortly thereafter, freeze. Of course, no pearl-like particles form from it, but the initially liquefied particulate material solidifies by cooling. This results in a relatively irregular and advantageously rough surface, which is particularly favorable to improve the primer for concrete, plaster or other applications accordingly.

Die Erfindung erlaubt es daher, daß eine solche Platte auch als Dämmplatte, zum Beispiel im Fassadenbereich Verwendung findet, wo zum Beispiel auf der Außenseite auf die Platte aufgeputzt wird. Auch durch den Putz eintretende Flüssigkeit wird durch die geschlossene Oberfläche der Dämmplatte ebenfalls daran gehindert, in die Dämmplatte einzudringen.The invention therefore makes it possible that such a plate is also used as an insulating board, for example in the facade area, where, for example, is plastered on the outside of the plate. Also by the plaster entering liquid is also prevented by the closed surface of the insulation board from penetrating into the insulation board.

Die beschriebene Rauhigkeit entsteht dabei flächig auf der gesamten Plattenoberfläche, eben überall dort, wo diese, bevorzugt durch Wärmeeinwirkung gebildete, verschmolzene Plattenoberfläche entsteht.The roughness described here arises flat over the entire plate surface, just everywhere, where this, preferably formed by the action of heat, fused plate surface is formed.

Ein weiterer Vorzug der Erfindung liegt darin, daß die Plattenoberfläche wasserabweisend ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Platte wird derart bearbeitet, daß ihr Vermögen, Wasser aufzunehmen, deutlich reduziert oder unterbunden wird. Gegebenenfalls kann dieser Effekt nicht nur durch das alleinige Verschmelzen der Plattenoberfläche erreicht werden, sondern gegebenenfalls durch das dosierte, kontrollierte Zubringen von entsprechenden chemischen Aushärtern oder Abdichtern in die flüssige Phase des Schaumstoffmaterials.Another advantage of the invention is that the plate surface is water repellent. The plate according to the invention is processed in such a way that its ability to absorb water is significantly reduced or prevented. Optionally, this effect can be achieved not only by the sole fusing of the plate surface, but optionally by the metered, controlled feeding of appropriate chemical hardeners or sealers in the liquid phase of the foam material.

Es gelingt dadurch, daß kein Wasser in die Dämmstoffplatte beziehungsweise Platte eingelagert wird, wodurch eine Ausbildung von Kältebrücken zuverlässig unterbunden wird.It succeeds in that no water is stored in the insulation board or plate, whereby a formation of cold bridges is reliably prevented.

Dabei hat die Erfindung erkannt, daß es darauf ankommt, in geeigneter weise zumindest eine Oberfläche der erfindungsgemäßen Dämmstoffplatte so zu verschließen, daß kein Wasser eindringen kann. Dies ist natürlich die Seite, die dem Wasser, zum Beispiel im Drainage-Anwendungsfall, zugewandt ist. Dabei werden diese Ergebnisse gemäß der Erfindung in gleicher Weise bei aus extrudiertem Polystyrol (XPS) geschaffenen Dämmstoffplatten, wie auch bei aus expandiertem Polystyrol (EPS) mit verletzten Polystyrolperlen an der Oberfläche ausgestatteten Dämmstoffplatten erreicht.The invention has recognized that it is important to suitably close at least one surface of the insulation board according to the invention so that no water can penetrate. This, of course, is the side facing the water, for example in the drainage application. These results are achieved according to the invention in the same way in created from extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulating panels, as well as in expanded polystyrene (EPS) equipped with injured polystyrene beads on the surface of insulating panels.

Zwar besitzen die aus extrudiertem Polystyrol gebildeten Dämmstoffplatten bereits eine Schaumhaut beziehungsweise Partikelhaut, die eine gewisse Wasserbarriere darstellt, jedoch wird auch diese durch den erfindungsgemäßen Vorschlag noch verbessert. Dabei ist zu beachten, daß der erfindungsgemäße Vorschlag sich nicht allein auf durch vorheriges Zerschneiden der Platte entstehende, an der Plattenoberfläche zunächst verletzte oder geteilte Partikel beschränkt. Diese verletzten oder geteilten Partikel werden zum Beispiel bei dem Verschmelsungsproseß der Plattenoberfläche in gleicher Weise im Sinne der Erfindung gewonnen.Although the insulating panels formed from extruded polystyrene already have a foam skin or particle skin, which represents a certain water barrier, but this is also improved by the proposal according to the invention. It should be noted that the proposal according to the invention is not limited solely to particles formed by previously cutting the plate and initially injured or divided on the plate surface. These injured or divided particles are obtained, for example, in the fusing process of the plate surface in the same way in the sense of the invention.

Dadurch erreicht die Erfindung, daß zwischen den Perlen verbleibende Kanäle oder Mikrokanäle, die (zum Beispiel durch Kapillarwirkung) durch eindringendes Wasser gefüllt werden können, so ebenfalls sicher und zuverlässig abgedichtet werden. Dabei ist zu beachten, daß natürlich diese Kapillarwirkung sowohl bei Platten mit unverletzten, wie auch mit verletzten Perlen/Partikeln in gleicher weise besteht.As a result, the invention achieves that channels or microchannels remaining between the beads, which can be filled by penetrating water (for example by capillary action), are also reliably and reliably sealed. It should be noted that, of course, this capillary effect in both plates with undamaged, as well as injured beads / particles in the same way.

Gemäß der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß zumindest eine der Oberflächen der Dämmstoffplatte entsprechend verschlossen ist. Günstig ist es insbesondere, wenn alle Seiten der Dämmstoffplatte einer entsprechenden Feuchtigkeitsbelastung ausgesetzt sind, daß alle Oberflächen entsprechend verschlossen sind.According to the invention it is provided that at least one of the surfaces of the insulation board is closed accordingly. It is particularly beneficial if all sides of the insulation board are exposed to a corresponding moisture load that all surfaces are sealed accordingly.

Soweit im Rahmen dieser Erfindung von einer Dämmstoffplatte oder einer Drainagenplatte beschränkend gesprochen wird, ist dies nicht für den Erfindungsfall beschränkend auszulegen, sondern nur beispielhaft für die erfindungsgemäße Platte zu sehen. Die angegebenen Merkmale sind in gleicher Weise auf die erfindungsgemäße Platte übertragbar.As far as is spoken in the context of this invention by an insulating plate or a drainage plate limiting, this is not interpreted restrictive to the invention case, but only as an example of the plate according to the invention. The specified features are transferable in the same way to the plate according to the invention.

In einer bevorzugten Variante der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß durch Wärmeeinwirkung auf die Oberfläche eine Oberflächenverglasung entsteht. Diese Oberflächenverglasung oder Versinterung rührt daher, daß zum Beispiel Polystyrol ab ca. 100° langsam zu erweichen und zu sintern beginnt. Der Schmelzprozeß führt also bei einer gewissen Temperatur zu einer entsprechenden verglasung beziehungsweise Versinterung. Durch die Versinterung erfolgt ein wasserdichter Verschluß an der Oberfläche, der günstigerweise exakt an der Außenseite der Dämmstoffplatte entsteht, dort nämlich, wo die größte Wärmemenge eingeprägt wird. Es entsteht so eine die offenen Perlen in gleicher Weise verschließende, wie auch die Zwischenräume bei dem extrudierten Polystyrol abdichtende Schicht, die die Wasseraufnahme extrem behindert, oder sogar unmöglich macht.In a preferred variant of the invention it is provided that a surface glazing is formed by the action of heat on the surface. This surface glazing or sintering is due to the fact that, for example, polystyrene slowly softens from about 100 ° and begins to sinter. The melting process thus leads at a certain temperature to a corresponding glazing or sintering. By sintering a waterproof seal on the surface, which is conveniently formed exactly on the outside of the insulation board, namely, where the largest amount of heat is impressed. The result is an opening which closes the open beads in the same way as the interstices in the extruded polystyrene sealing layer, which extremely hampers or even makes water absorption impossible.

Es ist von Vorteil, dass die Platte zumindest einseitig eine Profilierung aufweist. Die Profilierung dient dazu, den verbund zwischen der erfindungsgemässen Platte und einer als Betonwand ausgeführten Wand zu verbessern. Dabei wird die erfindungsgemässe Platte zum Beispiel mit entsprechenden Drahtstiften an der Schalung befestigt, derart, dass die Schalung für das Einfüllen des Betons freibleibt. Der eingeführte Beton greift dann in die Profilierung ein und verbindet die Platte fest mit der Betonwand.It is advantageous that the plate has a profiling on at least one side. The profiling serves to improve the composite between the inventive plate and a wall designed as a concrete wall. In this case, the plate according to the invention is fastened, for example with corresponding wire pins on the formwork, such that the formwork for the filling of the concrete remains free. The inserted concrete then engages in the profiling and connects the plate firmly to the concrete wall.

Für die Ausgestaltung der Profilierung sind gemäss der Erfindung mehrere Varianten möglich. Es ist zum Beispiel vorgesehen, die Profilierung als Rillung auszubilden. Alternativ ist es möglich, die Profilierung als eine insbesondere netzartige, kanalartige Anordnung auszubilden. Des Weiteren ist vorgesehen, dass die Profilierung als eine Anordnung von in die Platte eingearbeiteten Vertiefungen realisiert ist.For the embodiment of the profiling several variants are possible according to the invention. For example, it is intended to form the profiling as grooving. Alternatively, it is possible to form the profiling as a particular net-like, channel-like arrangement. Furthermore, it is provided that the profiling is realized as an arrangement of recesses incorporated in the plate.

Insbesondere wird eine regelmässige Anordnung von in die Platte einzuarbeitenden Vertiefungen vorgesehen, die zum Beispiel auch in einem mechanischen Prozess in einfacher Weise einzuarbeiten sind. Durch die regelmässige Anordnung der Profilierung wird auch sichergestellt, dass die Profilierung in einem weiten, ausreichenden Bereich der Platte für einen Verbund zur Verfügung steht.In particular, a regular arrangement of recesses to be worked into the plate is provided, which, for example, can also be easily incorporated in a mechanical process. The regular arrangement of the profiling also ensures that the profiling is available in a wide, sufficient area of the plate for a composite.

Gemäss der Erfindung ist dabei vorgesehen, dass zumindest eine Seite der Platte eine Profilierung aufweist. Gemäss der Erfindung ist es auch möglich, die Platte zum Beispiel in einer Sandwich-Bauweise einzubauen, bei welcher dann die Platte beidseitig mit Beton in Berührung steht und dann günstigerweise die Platte auch beidseitig eine entsprechende Profilierung für eine Verbesserung der Verbindung zwischen Platte und Beton besitzt.According to the invention, it is provided that at least one side of the plate has a profiling. According to the invention, it is also possible to install the plate, for example in a sandwich construction, in which then the plate is in contact with both sides of concrete and then conveniently the plate also on both sides has a corresponding profiling for improving the connection between the plate and concrete ,

In der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Profilierung als Drainagekanal und/oder als Putz- beziehungsweise Betonhaftfläche dient. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Platte liegt insbesondere auch darin, daß diese als Kombiplatte mehreren Anwendungsfällen entsprechen kann. So ist es möglich, daß die Profilierung als Drainagekanal und gleichzeitig als Putz- beziehungsweise Betonhaftfläche dient und so die Platte in großen Losen kostengünstig produzierbar ist.In the invention, it is provided that the profiling serves as a drainage channel and / or as a plaster or Betonhaftfläche. A significant advantage of the plate is, in particular, that it can correspond to several applications as a combination plate. Thus, it is possible that the profiling serves as a drainage channel and at the same time as plaster or Betonhaftfläche and so the plate is inexpensive to produce in large batches.

Im Fall, daß die Platte zum Beispiel auch eine Haftfläche für Putz oder Beton zur Verfügung stellt, steht dies in Verbindung mit der Rauhigkeit der durch den Verschmelzungsprozeß entstehenden Plattenoberfläche. Es werden hier zwei, einander ergänzende Mechanismen zur Verfügung gestellt, um eine optimale Verbindung der Platte mit dem Putz beziehungsweise Beton zu erreichen. Günstig ist es dabei insbesondere, daß die Profilierung mit dem gleichen Bearbeitungsschritt in die Platte eingebracht wird, wie auch das Verschmelzen der Plattenoberfläche. Durch einen Bearbeitungsschritt werden damit mehrere Funktionen beziehungsweise Eigenschaften der Platte geschaffen.In the event that the plate, for example, also provides an adhesive surface for plaster or concrete, this is related with the roughness of the plate surface resulting from the fusion process. Here, two complementary mechanisms are provided to achieve optimum bonding of the panel to the plaster or concrete. It is favorable, in particular, that the profiling is introduced into the plate with the same processing step, as well as the fusion of the plate surface. By a processing step so that several functions or properties of the plate created.

Erfindungsgemäss ist vorgesehen, dass die Platte zumindest einseitig eine Drainage aufweist. Die Drainage oder Drainung dient dazu, für an die Platte gelangendes Wasser definierte Ablaufkanäle zur Verfügung zu stellen um sicherzustellen, dass das Wasser vom Bauwerk ferngehalten wird.According to the invention, it is provided that the plate has drainage at least on one side. The drainage or drainage is used to provide defined drainage channels for water reaching the plate to ensure that the water is kept away from the structure.

Günstigerweise wird die Drainage als Anordnung von gegenüber der Platte vorstehenden, zwischen sich jeweils Drainagekanäle bildenden Drainageerhebungen ausgebildet.Conveniently, the drainage is formed as an arrangement of opposite the plate projecting, between each drainage channels forming drainage surveys.

Günstigerweise wird auch bei der Anordnung der Drainageerhebungen bevorzugt eine regelmässige, auch netzartige Anordnung angestrebt, wodurch sich eine über die Fläche der Platte gleichbleibende Drainagewirkung einstellt, da die zur Verfügung stehenden Drainagekanäle über die gesamte Platte in homogener Weise zur Verfügung stehen.Conveniently, even in the arrangement of the drainage surveys preferably a regular, even net-like arrangement is sought, which adjusts a consistent over the surface of the plate drainage effect, since the available drainage channels are available over the entire plate in a homogeneous manner.

Für die Ausgestaltung der Drainageerhebungen sind dabei eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Varianten möglich. Diese können zum Beispiel als Eierbecher, Pyramide, Kegel, Scheibe, Zylinder, Würfel oder Quader ausgebildet sein. Die unterschiedlichen Formen bieten in diesem Zusammenhang mit einem auf der Drainage angeordnetn Filtervlies unterschiedliche Eigenschaften. So ist zum Beispiel das spezifische Fördervermögen einer als Eierbecherkontur ausgebildeten Drainageplatte (bei gleicher Höhe der Drainageplatte) höher als die Anordnung, bei welcher eine Scheibe oder ein Zylinder eingesetzt wird. Eine solche Anordnung kann zum Beispiel dann von Vorteil sein, wenn von Seiten des an dem Filtervlies anschliessenden Erdreiches keine hohe Kraftentwicklung zu erwarten ist, da ja eine Auflage des Filtervlieses auf einer geringeren Auflagefläche eines spitz auslaufenden, ovalen Eierbechers, Pyramide oder Kegels nicht zu einer Beschädigung des Filtervlieses führt.For the design of the drainage surveys while a variety of different variants are possible. These can be designed, for example, as egg cups, pyramids, cones, discs, cylinders, cubes or cuboids. The different shapes offer different properties in this connection with a filter fleece arranged on the drainage. For example, the specific transport capacity of a drainage plate designed as an eggcup contour (at the same height the drainage plate) higher than the arrangement in which a disc or a cylinder is used. Such an arrangement may be advantageous, for example, if no high force development is to be expected from the side of the soil adjoining the filter fabric, since a support of the filter fabric on a smaller contact surface of a pointed, oval eggcup, pyramid or cone does not lead to a Damage to the filter fleece leads.

Ein wesentlicher Vorzug der Erfindung liegt darin, daß, wie bereits beschrieben, in einem Bearbeitungsschritt die Profilierung in die Platte eingearbeitet wird und gleichzeitig dabei auch eine Verschmelzung beziehungsweise Verglasung der Plattenoberfläche erfolgt. Die Anordnung ist dabei so gewählt, daß auch die Seitenflächen der Drainageerhebungen eine verschmolzene Oberfläche aufweisen. Je nachdem, wie die warme Oberfläche ausgestaltet ist, die mit der Platte entsprechend zusammenwirkt, wird eine entsprechende Prägung auf die Platte erfolgen und die entsprechenden Drainageerhebungen ausgebildet. Das zwischen den Drainageerhebungen liegende Material schmilzt und verteilt sich entsprechend an den verbleibenden Oberflächen, den Seitenflächen der Drainageerhebungen oder am Grund der Kanäle beziehungsweise Rille oder Drainagekanälen. Insbesondere entsteht eine verhältnismäßig dicke Oberfläche, da verhältnismäßig viel Material abzuschmelzen ist, wodurch auch im Bereich der Seitenflächen der Drainageerhebungen eine ausreichende Abdichtung erfolgt. Dies ist ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung, da bei ansonsten fräsender oder durch Heizdraht erfolgenden Herstellung der Drainagekanälen diese Seitenwandungen der Drainageerhbungen verletzt und offen sind und so ansonsten verstärkt Wasser aufnehmen könnten. Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Vorschlag wird gerade dies sicher vermieden.An essential advantage of the invention is that, as already described, the profiling is incorporated into the plate in a processing step and at the same time there is also a fusion or glazing of the plate surface. The arrangement is chosen so that the side surfaces of the drainage surveys have a fused surface. Depending on how the warm surface is designed, which cooperates with the plate, a corresponding embossing will be done on the plate and formed the corresponding drainage surveys. The material lying between the drainage elevations melts and distributes correspondingly on the remaining surfaces, the side surfaces of the drainage elevations or at the bottom of the channels or groove or drainage channels. In particular, a relatively thick surface is formed, since relatively much material has to be melted off, as a result of which an adequate sealing also takes place in the area of the side surfaces of the drainage elevations. This is a significant advantage of the invention, since in otherwise milled or made by heating wire production of the drainage channels, these side walls of Drainageerhbungen injured and open and so otherwise reinforced water could absorb. The proposal according to the invention precisely this is avoided.

Dabei ist vorgesehen, daß auch die Wandungen der Profilierung geschlossen sind. Da die Profilierungen oftmals seitliche Wandungen aufweisen, die in einem spitzen bis rechten Winkel zur eigentlichen Oberfläche der Dämmstoffplatte orientiert sind, wird klar, daß die Fläche, die dem wasser zugewandt sein kann, entsprechend erhöht wird und auch diese wandungsflächen günstigerweise geschlossenzellig auszubilden sind.It is envisaged that the walls of the profiling are closed. Since the profiles often lateral walls have, which are oriented at an acute to right angle to the actual surface of the insulation board, it is clear that the surface that can face the water is increased accordingly and also these wall surfaces are favorably form closed cell.

Dies wird zum Beispiel dadurch erreicht, daß auch diese Wandungen in gleicher Weise eine verglasung, versinterung oder Verschmelzung aufweisen wie die übrigen Oberflächenbereiche. Letztendlich wirken auf die Wandungen ebenfalls entsprechend hohe Temperaturen, um das Material der Wandungen in gleicher Weise zu behandeln.This is achieved, for example, by virtue of the fact that these walls likewise have glazing, sintering or fusion in the same way as the other surface areas. Finally, correspondingly high temperatures act on the walls in order to treat the material of the walls in the same way.

Die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung setzt dabei das thermische Einprägen nicht für Dekorationszwecke ein, wo es auf die technische Funktion letztendlich nicht ankommt, sondern hat eine verbesserung der physikalischen Eigenschaften der Platte zum Ziel. Da die erfindungsgemäße Platte sowieso im nicht sichtbaren Bereich verbaut wird, zum Beispiel als Drainage im Erdreich oder als Dämmplatte an der Fassade, sind dekorative Aspekte sowieso hier unwesentlich.The embodiment of the invention does not use the thermal impressions for decoration purposes, where it ultimately does not depend on the technical function, but has an improvement of the physical properties of the plate to the goal. Since the plate according to the invention is installed anyway in the non-visible area, for example as a drainage in the ground or as an insulating board on the facade, decorative aspects are anyway immaterial here.

An dieser Stelle wird bemerkt, daß sich die Erfindung nicht auf diese Anwendung der Platte beschränkt, sie kann natürlich in gleicher Weise zum Beispiel im Decken- oder Bodenbereich zum Beispiel auch als Sandwich- oder Kombinationsplatte, wie geschildert, Verwendung finden.At this point, it should be noted that the invention is not limited to this application of the plate, it can of course in the same way, for example, in the ceiling or floor area, for example, as a sandwich or combination plate, as described, find use.

Ein anderer, erfindungsgemässer Vorteil wird dadurch erreicht, dass die Anordnung der Drainageerhebungen zumindest bezüglich einer 90°-Teilung oder -Rotation rotationssymmetrisch ist, So kommt es letztendlich nicht darauf an, in welcher weise eine erfindungsgemässe Platte verbaut wird, aber die bevorzugten Richtungen sind in der Regel horizontal oder vertikal. Wird kurzfristig doch entschieden, die Platte andersherum, also um 90° gedreht einzubauen, wird exakt das gleiche Fördervermögen bezüglich der Drainage zur Verfügung gestellt, da die Kanalanordnung beziehungsweise die Anordnung der Drainageerhebungen jeweils gleichwertig sind.Another, inventive advantage is achieved in that the arrangement of the drainage surveys is rotationally symmetric at least with respect to a 90 ° division or rotation, so it ultimately does not matter in which way a plate according to the invention is installed, but the preferred directions are in usually horizontal or vertical. Will be decided at short notice, the plate the other way around, so to Installed rotated 90 °, exactly the same capacity is provided with respect to the drainage, since the channel arrangement or the arrangement of the drainage surveys are each equivalent.

In der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Profilierung und/oder die Drainage durch eine thermische Bearbeitung der Platte entsteht. Günstigerweise besteht dabei der Werkstoff der Platte aus einem thermoplastischen Werkstoff wie zum Beispiel Polystyrol oder Polyurethan. Die Eigenschaft dieses Materials ist derart, dass es sich durch Wärmeeinwirkung bleibend verändert und so der Oberfläche eine entsprechende Prägung, sei es als Drainage oder sei es als Profilierung gegeben werden kann. Dabei werden durch die Bearbeitung nicht nur die durch das Schneiden entstehenden, geschnittenen Polystyrolkügelchen verfüllt, sondern auch die danebenliegenden Poren, wie sie zum Beispiel auch bei der Herstellung von in Formen produzierten, kleinformatigen Platten vorhanden sind, werden verschmolzen. Der Vorteil liegt darin, dass durch die thermische Bearbeitung nicht nur der jeweiligen Plattenoberfläche eine spezielle Eigenschaft gegeben werden kann, sondern zusätzlich die Plattenoberfläche eine entsprechende Verbesserung beziehungsweise Veredelung erfährt.In the invention it is provided that the profiling and / or the drainage is created by a thermal processing of the plate. Conveniently, the material of the plate consists of a thermoplastic material such as polystyrene or polyurethane. The property of this material is such that it changes permanently by the action of heat and so the surface can be given a corresponding embossing, either as a drainage or as a profiling. Not only the cut polystyrene beads resulting from cutting are filled by the machining, but also the adjacent pores, as they are present, for example, in the production of small-format plates produced in molds, are fused together. The advantage is that not only the respective plate surface can be given a special property by the thermal processing, but in addition the plate surface undergoes a corresponding improvement or refinement.

Dies ist aber nicht der einzige Vorteil, der durch den Einsatz einer thermischen Bearbeitung resuliert. So wird zum Beispiel in einer erfindungsgemässen Variante vorgeschlagen, dass die Platte ein Wölbung besitzt. Diese Wölbung kann zum Beispiel durch ein gesteuertes, thermisches Bearbeiten gerade einer Oberflächenseite erreicht werden. Die thermoplastischen Eigenschaften des Dämmblockmateriales führt dazu, dass die mit Wärme beaufschlagte Seite sich zusammenzieht und eine ebene Platte hernach gewölbt wird. Durch entsprechende Dosierung der Wärmemenge, der Temperatur und der Einwirkungszeit ist daher der Prozess eingehend beherrschbar, die Wölbung mit entsprechenden Radien zu realisieren.However, this is not the only advantage that results from the use of thermal processing. Thus, for example, in a variant according to the invention, it is proposed that the plate has a curvature. This curvature can be achieved, for example, by a controlled, thermal treatment of just one surface side. The thermoplastic properties of the insulation block material causes the heat-affected side to contract and a flat plate to be arched afterwards. By appropriate dosage of the amount of heat, the temperature and the exposure time, therefore, the process is fully controlled to realize the curvature with appropriate radii.

Neben diesem vorteilhafterweise, verschnittfreien Vorgehen ist es natürlich auch möglich, entsprechend gewölbte Platten aus dem Schaumblock herauszuschneiden und so bereits anfänglich eine Wölbung einzuarbeiten. Alle diese varianten gehören zur Erfindung.In addition to this advantageously, waste-free procedure, it is of course also possible to cut out correspondingly curved plates from the foam block and so already incorporated initially a curvature. All these variants are part of the invention.

Gemäss der Erfindung wird dabei nicht nur eine Wölbung der Platte in Längs- oder Querrichtung der Platte verstanden, die Erfindung erlaubt prinzipiell auch die Realisierung einer sphärisch gewölbten Platte, die also sowohl einen Krümmungsradius in Längs- wie in Querrichtung aufweist.According to the invention not only a curvature of the plate in the longitudinal or transverse direction of the plate is understood, the invention also allows in principle the realization of a spherically curved plate, which thus has both a radius of curvature in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

Um die Drainage zu verbessern und insbesondere auch dauerhaft einsetzbar zu halten ist es bekannt, auf der Drainage ein Filtervlies anzuordnen. Dabei ist es möglich, das Filtervlies an der Platte zu befestigen, insbesondere an dieser zu verschweissen oder zu verkleben oder gegebenenfalls auch durch entsprechende Befestigungsmittel wie Stifte, Haken und dergleichen anzubringen.In order to improve the drainage and in particular to keep it permanently usable, it is known to arrange a filter fleece on the drainage. It is possible to attach the filter fleece to the plate, especially at this to be welded or glued or optionally also by appropriate fasteners such as pins, hooks and the like.

Die Anordnung des Filtervlieses ist dabei zum Beispiel schon werkseitig, auf der auf Mass produzierten, konfektionierten, erfindungsgemässen Platte angeordnet und die so ausgestaltete Platte wird verbaufertig an die Baustelle geliefert. Alternativ ist es natürlich möglich, das Filtervlies werkstattseitig an die angelieferte, erfindungsgemässe Platte anzubauen. Dabei ist es möglich, das Filtervlies entweder auf der Plattenoberseite, also zum Beispiel im Bereich der Drainageerhebungen mit der Platte zu verbinden oder aber das Filtervlies im Falzbereich mit der Platte zu verbinden. Günstigerweise wird dabei auch das Vlies einstückig auf die Platte aufgezogen, um auch hier keine unter Umständen gefährliche Stoss- und Überlappbereiches des vlieses vorzusehen.The arrangement of the filter fleece is, for example, already factory, arranged on the mass produced, ready-made, inventive plate and the plate thus designed is verbaufertig delivered to the site. Alternatively, it is of course possible to attach the filter fabric on the workshop side to the delivered, inventive plate. It is possible to connect the filter fleece either on the top of the plate, so for example in the drainage surveys with the plate or to connect the filter fleece in the rebate area with the plate. Conveniently, the nonwoven is also integrally mounted on the plate to provide even here under certain circumstances dangerous shock and Überlappbereiches of the nonwoven.

Des weiteren umfasst die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer als Dämm- und/oder Drainageplatte ausgebildeten Platte. Es sind Verfahren bekannt, bei welchen das aufgeschäumte Kunststoffmaterial in Formen eingefüllt wird und so die Dämm- beziehungsweise Drainageplatten produziert werden. Nachteilig bei einer solchen Ausgestaltung ist, dass bei verschiedenen Formatwechseln, und sei es auch nur wegen einer unterschiedlichen Plattendicke, eine neue Form notwendig ist. Ein auf Mass konfektioniertes Herstellen von Platten ist nach dem Stand der Technik nur mit sehr grossem Aufwand möglich.Furthermore, the invention comprises a method for producing a designed as insulating and / or drainage plate. There are known methods in which the foamed plastic material is filled into molds and so the insulation or drainage plates are produced. The disadvantage of such an embodiment is that with different format changes, even if only because of a different plate thickness, a new shape is necessary. A made-to-measure manufacturing of plates is possible according to the prior art only with great effort.

Zur Vereinfachung der Herstellung entsprechender Platten wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Platte aus einem Schaumblock, insbesondere einem Dämmstoffschaumblock zunächst herausgeschnitten wird und hernach zumindest eine Seite der Platte eine thermische Bearbeitung zur Ausbildung einer Profilierung und/oder Drainage erfährt. Gemäss der Erfindung ist dabei vorgesehen, dass zum Beispiel nur eine Dämmplatte realisiert werden soll, in dem auf deren Rückseite eine Profilierung angeordnet wird, um zum Beispiel den verbund der Dämmplatte mit Beton, Putz, Zement, Kleber oder dergleichen zu verbessern.To simplify the production of corresponding plates, it is proposed that the plate is first cut out of a foam block, in particular an insulating foam block, and thereafter at least one side of the plate undergoes a thermal treatment to form a profiling and / or drainage. According to the invention it is provided that, for example, only one insulation board is to be realized, in which on the back of a profiling is arranged to improve, for example, the verbund the insulation board with concrete, plaster, cement, adhesive or the like.

In gleicher Weise ist es möglich, eine thermische Bearbeitung zur Ausbildung einer Drainage vorzusehen, nachdem die Platte aus dem Schaumblock herausgeschnitten ist.Similarly, it is possible to provide a thermal treatment for forming a drainage after the plate is cut out of the foam block.

Das thermische Bearbeiten wird dabei zum Beispiel durch entsprechend ausgebildete, beheizbare, profilierte Stempel erreicht, die auf die herausgeschnittene Platte aufgedrückt werden. Da der werkstoff thermoplastisch ist, weicht er unter der Kraft des Stempels entsprechend zurück und nimmt die Positivkontur der Negativform an.The thermal processing is achieved for example by appropriately trained, heated, profiled stamp, which are pressed onto the cut-out plate. Since the material is thermoplastic, it gives way under the force of the punch back accordingly and assumes the positive contour of the negative mold.

Der Vorteil der thermischen Bearbeitung liegt darin, dass gleichzeitig mit einer entsprechenden Einprägung einer Profilierung oder einer Drainage auf der Platte auch die Platte selber veredelt wird, dahingehend, dass eine verschmolzene Plattenoberfläche erreicht wird, durch die die ansonsten an der Oberfläche offen stehenbleibenden Poren verschlossen werden und so ein Eindringen von Wasser weiter verhindert und reduziert wird.The advantage of the thermal processing lies in the fact that simultaneously with a corresponding impression of a profiling or a drainage on the plate is also the plate itself is refined, to the effect that a fused plate surface is reached, through which the otherwise remaining open at the surface pores are closed, thus further preventing and reducing the ingress of water.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung liegt insbesondere darin, dass die Platte auf auftragsbezogene Baustellenmasse geschnitten wird. Das Verfahren erlaubt es, exakt für ein spezielles Bauvorhaben benötigte Bauelemente zu fertigen und vorgefertigt an die Baustelle zu liefern, wodurch sich der Montageaufwand vor Ort erheblich reduziert. Dabei ist der Aufwand für eine auftragsbezogene Produktion gering, da ja sowieso jede Platte aus dem Dämmstoffblock herauszuschneiden ist und wenn entsprechend auftragsbezogene Daten vorliegen, dann eben auf diese werte. Des Weiteren wird durch die thermische Be-arbeitung gemäss dem Verfahren erreicht, dass die Platte durch die wärmeeinwirkung gewölbt wird. Insbesondere ein einseitiger Wärmeeintrag führt dazu, dass sich die Oberfläche dieser mit Wärme beaufschlagten Seite zusammenzieht und so eine Wölbung resultiert, die zum Beispiel dafür eingesetzt werden kann, eine Platte für gerundete Oberflächen zu bilden.A significant advantage of the invention is, in particular, that the plate is cut to order-related Baustellenmasse. The process makes it possible to manufacture components required for a specific construction project and deliver them prefabricated to the construction site, thereby considerably reducing the on-site assembly workload. In this case, the effort for an order-related production is low, since anyway each plate is cut out of the insulation block and if corresponding order-related data are available, then just to these values. Furthermore, it is achieved by the thermal treatment according to the method that the plate is curved by the heat. In particular, a one-sided heat input causes the surface of this heat-affected side to contract, thus resulting in a bulge, which can be used, for example, to form a plate for rounded surfaces.

Des Weiteren umfasst die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Verarbeitung einer als Dämm- oder Drainageplatte ausgebildeten Platte, wie sie beschrieben worden ist, wobei vorgeschlagen wird, dass die Platte in eine Schalung eingestellt wird und hernach Schalung mit Beton ausgegossen wird. Der Vorteil dieses erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens liegt insbesondere darin, dass eine geschosshohe Platte von sich aus bereits über die gesamte Schalungshöhe steht und nicht mit zusätzlichem Aufwand zu fixieren ist. Günstigerweise werden dabei mehrere, nebeneinander anzuordnende Platten mit ihren Falzen zusammengestellt, wobei insbesondere der Hakenfalz günstig ist, da sich daraus bereits eine selberstehende Wand ergibt. Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren funktioniert aber auch schon bei einem Stufenfalz im Randbereich.Furthermore, the invention comprises a method for processing a designed as an insulating or drainage plate plate, as has been described, wherein it is proposed that the plate is set in a formwork and is poured after formwork with concrete. The advantage of this method according to the invention lies in the fact that a storey-high plate is already on its own over the entire formwork height and can not be fixed with additional effort. Conveniently, several, side by side to be arranged plates are assembled with their folds, in particular the hook rabbet is low, as it already a self-standing wall results. However, the method according to the invention also works even with a stepped rebate in the edge region.

Das erfindungsgemässe verfahren bietet nicht nur Vorteile bei dem Erstellen eines Bauwerkes, sondern ist auch in einem Betonfertigteilwerk einsetzbar und auch da von vorteil, da die Platte exakt auf Mass gefertigt ist und ohne zusätzlichen Aufwand in einer Serienproduktion verarbeitbar ist. Gegebenenfalls ist es gemäss einer variante günstig, dass die Platte an einer, bevorzugt der gebäudeausenseitigen Schalung befestigt beziehungsweise fixiert ist. Es reicht dabei aus, die Platte mit einem oder mit einigen wenigen Stifen an der Schalung zu befestigen, derart, dass die Platte beim Betonieren nicht umkippt und das weitere Betonieren behindert.The inventive method not only offers advantages in the construction of a building, but is also used in a precast concrete plant and also because of advantage, since the plate is made to measure exactly and can be processed without additional effort in a series production. Optionally, according to a variant, it is favorable that the plate is fastened or fixed to one, preferably the building-exterior-side formwork. It is sufficient to attach the plate with one or a few stiffeners on the formwork, such that the plate does not tip over during concreting and hinders further concreting.

Gemäss der Erfindung ist es dabei möglich, mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens sowohl ein Betonfertigteil, mit zum Beispiel einseitig angeordener Platte vorzusehen, oder auch eine Mehrschichtkonstruktion in Form einer Sandwichanordnung und so weiter zu realisieren. Selbstverständlich ist das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren auch auf der Baustelle einsetzbar.According to the invention, it is possible with the aid of the method according to the invention to provide both a precast concrete part with, for example, a one-sided plate, or also a multilayer construction in the form of a sandwich arrangement and so on. Of course, the method according to the invention can also be used on the construction site.

Die Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine erfindungsgemässe Platte im eingebauten Zustand,
Fig. 2
eine Draufsicht nach Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
in einer Draufsicht ein vergrössertes Detail der erfindungsgemässen Platte und
Fig. 4, 5
verschiedene Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemässen Platte.
The invention is shown schematically in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
an inventive plate in the installed state,
Fig. 2
a top view Fig. 1 .
Fig. 3
in a plan view an enlarged detail of the inventive plate and
Fig. 4, 5
Various embodiments of the inventive plate.

Die erfindungsgemässe Platte 1 wird, wie in Fig. 1 gezeigt, zum Beispiel auf der Aussenseite einer Gebäudewand 9 verbaut. Mit 9 ist zum Beispiel eine Kellerwand gezeigt. Mit Hilfe der erfindungsgemässen Platte 1 wird nun die Aussenseite des Gebäudes gedämmt und eine Drainage vorgesehen. Im unteren Bereich ist angedeutet, dass die Platte 1 auf dem Fundamentstreifen aufsteht.The inventive plate 1 is, as in Fig. 1 shown, for example, installed on the outside of a building wall 9. For example, 9 shows a cellar wall. With the help of the inventive plate 1, the outside of the building is now insulated and provided drainage. In the lower area is indicated that the plate 1 rests on the foundation strip.

Es ist gut zu erkennen, dass die Platte 1 die gesamte Geschosshöhe, wie sie hier dargestellt ist, einstückig überdeckt. Es verbleiben einzig und allein vertikal verlaufende Spaltbereiche der benachbart anstossenden Platten 1.It is good to see that the plate 1, the entire floor height, as shown here, one piece covers. There remain only vertically extending gap regions of adjacent abutting plates. 1

Die in Fig. 2 in Draufsicht gezeigte Platte 1 besitzt einen Stufenfalz im Randbereich 10. Wie ausgeführt, können hier eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Stufenformen gemäss der Erfindung realisiert werden. In der Ansicht nach Fig. 1 ist das Filtervlies nicht gezeigt, wie es aber in der Draufsicht nach Fig. 2 eingesetzt wird. Das Filtervlies 4 dient dazu, die durch die Drainageerhebungen 31 gebildeten Drainagekanäle 30 nicht durch Erdreich verstopfen zu lassen. Das Filtervlies ist zum Beispiel auf die Platte 1 aufgeklebt oder aufgeschweisst, was zum Beispiel günstigerweise nach der thermischen Bearbeitung erfolgen kann. Das Filtervlies kann auch nachträglich zum Beispiel in dieser Weise montiert werden.In the Fig. 2 Plate 1 shown in plan view has a stepped rebate in the edge region 10. As stated, a multiplicity of different step shapes according to the invention can be realized here. In the view after Fig. 1 the filter fabric is not shown, but as in plan view Fig. 2 is used. The filter fleece 4 serves to prevent the drainage channels 30 formed by the drainage elevations 31 from becoming clogged by soil. The filter fleece is glued or welded to the plate 1, for example, which can be done conveniently after the thermal processing, for example. The filter fleece can also be retrofitted, for example, in this way.

In einer vergrösserten Darstellung zeigt Fig. 3 nochmals in einer Draufsicht den Randbereich der erfindungsgemässen Platte.In an enlarged view shows Fig. 3 again in a plan view of the edge region of the inventive plate.

Die Profilierung 2 wird auf der dem Gebäude 9 zugewandten Seite der Platte 1 durch Vertiefungen 20 realisiert.The profiling 2 is realized on the building 9 side facing the plate 1 by recesses 20.

Durch das erfindungsgemäss vorgeschlagene thermische Bearbeiten der Oberflächen 12, 13 wird zwar die letztendlich resultierende Oberfläche der Platte erheblich vergrössert, da entsprechende Erhebungen oder Ausnehmungen eingearbeitet werden, gleichzeitig erfahren aber die Oberflächen 12, 13 auch eine Veredelung beziehungsweise einen Schutz. Die Wärmeeinprägung führt zu einer Verkrustung der Oberfläche und macht somit die Platte insgesamt wasserresistenter. Dabei ist es günstig, dass thermische Bearbeitung nicht nur die zur Plattenlängserstreckung liegenden Paralellflächen erwärmt, sondern in gleicher Weise die dazu rechtwinkligen Bereiche gerade bei den Vertiefungen 20 beziehungsweise den Drainagekanälen 30. Die Platte erfährt also auf den Oberflächenseiten 12, 13 eine Veredelung beziehungsweise Verbesserung der wasserresistiven Eigenschaften.By virtue of the thermal processing of the surfaces 12, 13 proposed according to the invention, the surface of the plate which ultimately results is considerably enlarged, since corresponding elevations or recesses are incorporated, but at the same time the surfaces 12, 13 also undergo refinement or protection. The heat impression leads to a crusting of the surface and thus makes the plate more water resistant. It is favorable that thermal processing not only heats the parallelepiped surfaces lying parallel to the longitudinal extension of the plate, but in the same way perpendicularly to the recesses 20 or the drainage channels 30. The plate thus experiences a refinement or improvement on the surface sides 12, 13 water resistant properties.

In Fig. 1 ist als Ausführungsbeispiel für die Gestaltung der Drainage 3 gezeigt, das scheiben- oder zylinderförmige Drainageerhebungen 31 vorgesehen sind. Die jeweiligen Mittelpunkte der kreisförmigen Drainageerhebungen 31 liegen an den Schnittpunkten eines Netzes. Diese Drainagenerhebungen 31 sind jeweils vom gleichen Durchmesser. Zwischen benachbarten Drainageerhebungen bildet sich ein Drainagekanal 30 aus. Die Anordnung ist um 90° rotationssymmetrisch, das bedeutet, bei Drehung der Anordnung um 90° bietet sich genauch das gleiche Drainagekanalverhältnis beziehungsweise die gleiche Anordnung.In Fig. 1 is shown as an embodiment of the design of the drainage 3, the disc or cylindrical drainage projections 31 are provided. The respective centers of the circular drainage elevations 31 are located at the intersections of a network. These drainage projections 31 are each of the same diameter. Between adjacent drainage surveys, a drainage channel 30 is formed. The arrangement is rotationally symmetrical about 90 °, which means that when the arrangement is rotated through 90 °, the same drainage channel ratio or the same arrangement is also available.

Ähnliches ist in Fig. 4 gezeigt, wo eine netzartige Drainagekanalstruktur 31 zwischen als Quader beziehungsweise Würfel ausgebildeten Drainageerhebungen 31 vorgesehen ist. Auch diese Anordnung ist rotationssymmetrisch.Similar is in Fig. 4 where a net-like drainage channel structure 31 is provided between drainage elevations 31 formed as a cuboid or cube. This arrangement is rotationally symmetrical.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Fig. 5, die hier dargestellte wabenstruktur, weicht zwar von dieser in einer variante bevorzugt geschilderten 90°-Symmetrie ab, ist aber gleichwohl ebenfalls ein Vorschlag, um eine Drainage 3 zu realisieren. Wabenförmige Drainageerhebungen 31 werden dabei von unter 120° sich schneidenden Drainagekanälen abgegrenzt. Trotzdem erreicht auch diese Ausgestaltung bei einer Drehung um 90° genau die gleiche Drainage-Ablaufleistung wie die in Fig. 1 oder in Fig. 4 gezeigte Variante.The design after Fig. 5 Although the honeycomb structure shown here deviates from this in a variant of preferred 90 ° symmetry, but is also a proposal to realize a drainage 3. honeycomb Drainage surveys 31 are delimited by drainage channels intersecting below 120 °. Nevertheless, this embodiment achieved with a rotation of 90 ° exactly the same drainage drainage performance as in Fig. 1 or in Fig. 4 shown variant.

Nach der Erfindung ist aber auch eine Karoanordnung oder achteckige Wabenstruktur möglich.However, a check arrangement or octagonal honeycomb structure is also possible according to the invention.

In einer erfindungsgemässen Variante ist auch vorgesehen, dass an Stelle einer auf der Aussenseite angeordneten Drainage diese glatt ausgebildet ist, da eine glatte Platte eine bessere Putzhaftigkeit bringt.In a variant according to the invention, it is also provided that, instead of a drainage arranged on the outside, it is designed to be smooth, since a smooth plate brings about a better cleanability.

Es ist auch gefunden worden, dass die thermische verkrustung der Oberfläche unter gewissen voraussetzungen auch die Putzhaftigkeit verbessert, da die Verkrustung eine für den Putz besseren Untergrund zu schaffen vermag.It has also been found that the thermal crusting of the surface under certain conditions also improves the cleaning, since the encrustation is able to create a better surface for the plaster.

Claims (14)

  1. Panel, in particular insulation and/or drainage panel formed by a foamed material consisting of expanded particles that adhere separately, wherein at least one panel surface has particles that are at least partly damaged or split in particular by cutting, with a melted panel surface, at least one water-repellent panel surface, and/or a surface glazing obtained by exposing the surface to heat, characterized in that the panel (1) has at least on a first surface a profiling (2) formed by exposing the surface to heat and/or pressure, the profiling enabling the panel (1) to be joined to a concrete element, in particular a precast concrete element, a concrete wall, or concrete ceiling, and on the surface of the panel (1) opposite the first surface another profiling is provided as drainage (3) or drainage channels (3), and on the drainage (3) and/or the drainage channels (30) a filter fleece (4) is arranged, and the drainage (2) and/or the drainage channels (30) also has/have a water proof surface finishing.
  2. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage (3) is arranged at least on one side of the panel, and the drainage (3) is designed as drainage channels (30).
  3. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panel (1) can be cut to size, in particular is configured story-high or basement-high, and/or the partial surfaces of the melted panel surface are orientated to each other angularly in such a way that the result is an adhesion roughness of concrete and/or plaster.
  4. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the edge (10) of the panel a fold, in particular a connective fold is provided, and/or the thickness of the panel (1) varies in particular at the edge (10).
  5. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all panel surfaces are melted and therefore sealed.
  6. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiling (2) is configured as grooves, and/or the profiling (2) is configured as an in particular web-like arrangement of channels.
  7. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiling (2) is configured as an in particular regular arrangement of indentations (20) integrated in the panel.
  8. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drainage (3) is configured as arrangement of drainage elevations (31) projecting against the panel (1) and each time forming drainage channels (30) between each other.
  9. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a regular, web-like arrangement of the drainage elevations (31) and/or in that the drainage elevations (31) are configured as eggcup, pyramid, cone, disc, cylinder, cube or cuboid.
  10. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side faces of the drainage elevations have a melted surface.
  11. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a rotational symmetric arrangement of the drainage elevations at least with respect to a rotation of 90°, and/or an identical drainage performance of the panel when the panel is rotated by 90°.
  12. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panel (1) consists of poly styrene or poly urethane, and/or the panel is curved.
  13. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter fleece (4) is attached to the panel, in particular welded or glued.
  14. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter fleece (4) is connected to the panel on the panel surface (13) or in the area of the fold.
EP05014895.6A 2004-07-09 2005-07-08 Foam panel with melted surface Active EP1621696B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200410033535 DE102004033535B4 (en) 2004-07-09 2004-07-09 Insulating and / or drainage plate and method for its production

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EP1621696A2 EP1621696A2 (en) 2006-02-01
EP1621696A3 EP1621696A3 (en) 2006-03-15
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DE102004033535B4 (en) 2009-01-08
DE102004033535A1 (en) 2006-01-26
EP1621696A2 (en) 2006-02-01
EP1621696A3 (en) 2006-03-15

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