EP1614987B1 - Four rotatif pour la production de charbon actif - Google Patents

Four rotatif pour la production de charbon actif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1614987B1
EP1614987B1 EP05012514A EP05012514A EP1614987B1 EP 1614987 B1 EP1614987 B1 EP 1614987B1 EP 05012514 A EP05012514 A EP 05012514A EP 05012514 A EP05012514 A EP 05012514A EP 1614987 B1 EP1614987 B1 EP 1614987B1
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Prior art keywords
rotary tube
mixing elements
rotary
activated carbon
tube according
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EP05012514A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1614987A1 (fr
Inventor
Hasso von Blücher
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Bluecher GmbH
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Bluecher GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/14—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge
    • F27B7/16—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means
    • F27B7/161—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means the means comprising projections jutting out from the wall
    • F27B7/162—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means the means comprising projections jutting out from the wall the projections consisting of separate lifting elements, e.g. lifting shovels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotary tube, in particular for a rotary kiln for the production of activated carbon, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a rotary kiln with such a rotary tube. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of this rotary tube or rotary kiln for the production of activated carbon.
  • Activated carbon is the most widely used adsorbent due to its rather nonspecific adsorptive properties. Legal requirements, but also the increasing awareness of the responsibility for the environment, lead to an increasing need for activated carbon.
  • the activated carbon is increasingly being used both in the civilian as well as in the military field.
  • activated carbon is used, for example, for the purification of gases, filter systems for air conditioning, car filters, etc.
  • protective materials of all kinds eg respirators, protective covers and protective clothing of all kinds, such as eg protective suits etc.
  • Activated carbon is generally obtained by carbonation (also referred to synonymously as carbonization, pyrolysis or coking) and subsequent activation of suitable carbonaceous starting materials. In this case, those starting materials are preferred which lead to economically reasonable yields. Because the weight loss by elimination of volatile components in the carbonization and by the burn-off when activating are significant. For more details on the production of activated carbon, for example, reference may be made to H. v. Kienle and E. Baths, activated carbon and their industrial application, Enke Verlag Stuttgart, 1980 ,
  • Typical starting materials are, for example, coconut shells, wood waste, peat, hard coal, pitches, but also special plastics such.
  • sulfonated polymers which play a major role in the production of activated carbon in the form of granules or beads, among other things.
  • Activated carbon is used in various forms: powdered coal, chipping coal, grain carbon, carbon and since the late 1970s also grain and spherical activated carbon (so-called “coal” or “carbon”).
  • Grain-shaped, in particular spherical activated carbon has over a number of advantages over other forms of activated carbon such as powder, chipping coal and the like, which makes them valuable or even indispensable for certain applications: it is free-flowing, highly abrasion-resistant and dust-free and very hard.
  • Grain, especially ball coal because of their special shape, but also because of the extremely high abrasion resistance for special applications, such.
  • As surface filter materials for protective suits against chemical toxins or filters for low pollutant concentrations in large quantities of air very popular.
  • activated carbon in particular granular carbon and spherical carbon
  • suitable polymers Preference is given to using sulfonated polymers, in particular sulfonated divinylbenzene crosslinked styrene polymers, wherein the sulfonation can also be achieved in situ in the presence of sulfuric acid or oleum.
  • sulfonated polymers in particular sulfonated divinylbenzene crosslinked styrene polymers, wherein the sulfonation can also be achieved in situ in the presence of sulfuric acid or oleum.
  • ion exchange resins or their precursors which is usually divinylbenzene crosslinked polystyrene resins, wherein in the case of the finished ion exchanger, the sulfonic acid groups are already present in the material and in the case of IonenServormen still need to be introduced by sulfonation.
  • the sulfonic acid groups play a crucial role as they play the role of a crosslinker by cleavage during carbonation. Disadvantageous and problematic, however, are in particular the large amounts of sulfur dioxide released and, among other things, the associated corrosion problems in the production equipment.
  • activated carbon takes place in rotary kilns. These have, for example, a point of entry for the raw material embroidery at the beginning of the oven and a discharge point for the end product at the end of the oven.
  • the conversion of the carbonaceous feedstock to carbon occurs, in other words, the feedstock is charred.
  • Suitable starting polymers of the abovementioned type are, in particular, ion exchange resins (for example cation exchange resins or acidic ion exchange resins, preferably with sulfonic acid groups, for example cation exchange resins based on sulfonated styrene / divinylbenzene copolymers) or their precursors (ie the unsulfonated ion exchange resins which are present or in the carbonation still with a suitable sulfonating agent, such as sulfuric acid and / or oleum, must be sulfonated).
  • a suitable sulfonating agent such as sulfuric acid and / or oleum
  • the pyrolysis is carried out under an inert atmosphere (eg nitrogen) or at best a slightly oxidizing atmosphere.
  • Carbonation is then followed by activation of the carbonated starting material.
  • the basic principle of activation is to selectively and selectively degrade part of the carbon generated during carbonization under suitable conditions. This results in numerous pores, crevices and cracks, and the surface area of the activated carbon based on the mass unit increases considerably. During activation, a targeted burning of the coal is thus carried out. Since carbon is degraded upon activation, this process results in a sometimes considerable loss of substance which, under optimum conditions, is equivalent to an increase in porosity and an increase in the internal surface area (pore volume) of the activated carbon. The activation therefore takes place under selective or controlled oxidizing conditions.
  • Common activating gases are generally oxygen, in particular in the form of air, water vapor and / or carbon dioxide and mixtures of these activating gases.
  • inert gases eg nitrogen
  • the activation is generally carried out at relatively high temperatures, in particular in the temperature range from 700 ° C to 1200 ° C, preferably 800 ° C to 1100 ° C. This places high demands on the temperature resistance of the Trohrohrofenmaterials.
  • the rotary kiln material must withstand the very corrosive conditions of the carbonation phase as well as the high temperature conditions of the activation phase on the one hand, only those materials are used for the production of the rotary kiln, which have a good high temperature corrosion resistance, d. H. in particular steels, which combine a good resistance to chemically aggressive materials, in particular a good corrosion resistance, as well as a good high temperature resistance in a single material. These are in particular high-alloyed steels, i. H. Steels with more than 5% alloying elements. In particular, highly alloyed chromium or chromium / nickel steels are used as materials for the production of rotary kilns.
  • the high-temperature corrosion-resistant steels have the decisive disadvantage that they are only moderately to poorly welded. This is therefore a problem because of the thorough mixing of the load, in particular for a homogeneous contacting of the loading material with the activating gases, mixing elements in the form of shovel-like circulation or turning plates - synonymous also referred to as Materialleitbleche - must be present in the interior of the rotary kiln, which consist equally of high temperature corrosion resistant steel and are welded on the inside with the inner walls of the rotary tube, to create a stable bond to the rotary tube interior.
  • embrittlement of the material may occur (eg by precipitation processes and so-called sigma phase formation).
  • grain growth can occur, which is also associated with embrittlement of the material. Therefore, the welding of the mixing or Umisselzimplantation with the inner walls of the rotary tube in conventional manufacturing equipment is not without problems.
  • the WO 01/83368 A1 to separate the corrosive process step of carbonization associated with the emission of acidic gases (eg, SO 2 ) from the high temperature post-carbonization and activation step, ie, to carry out the corrosive phase of carbonization in other equipment than the high temperature post-carbonization phase and activation.
  • acidic gases eg, SO 2
  • this has the advantage that one can use different rotary tube materials for the corrosive phase of the carbonization on the one hand and the high-temperature phase of Nachschwelung and activation on the other hand, which are respectively adapted to the corrosive phase and the high-temperature phase.
  • carbonization and activation must be carried out separately, ie can not be performed in a single batch process in a single apparatus.
  • An object of the present invention is thus to provide an apparatus which is particularly suitable for the production of activated carbon.
  • Another object of the present invention is therefore to provide a rotary tube or a rotary kiln, in particular for the production of activated carbon, which at least partially avoids or at least attenuates the disadvantages of the prior art described above.
  • the present invention proposes a rotary tube according to claim 1. Further, advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • Another object of the present invention is a rotary kiln according to claim 13, which comprises the rotary tube according to the invention.
  • Another object of the present invention is a process for the production of activated carbon in a rotary tube 1 according to the present invention described above or in a rotary kiln 1 contained rotary kiln according to claim 14. Further, advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are the subject of the sub-claims 15-18 ,
  • the present invention - according to a first aspect of the present invention - is thus a rotary tube, in particular for a rotary kiln for the production of activated carbon, with a plurality of arranged in the interior of the rotary tube mixing elements for the circulation or mixing of the load, in particular in the form of circulation - or turning plates (synonymously also referred to as Materialleitbleche), wherein the rotary tube has openings for receiving mounting portions of the mixing elements and these mounting portions are welded to the rotary tube on the outside.
  • a peculiarity of the present invention must therefore be seen in the external welding of the attachment portions of the mixing elements.
  • the mounting portions of the mixing elements are so to speak plugged through the openings in the Drehrohrwandung and welded on the outside.
  • this avoids the fact that the welding points or welds are exposed to the aggressive conditions prevailing in the interior of the rotary kiln in the operating state in the production of activated carbon - corrosive gases in the carbonization and high temperatures during activation.
  • the fact that the welds or welds are exposed in this way a significantly lower load, their life is significantly increased.
  • the external welding also makes maintenance significantly easier: the welding points between the mixing elements / rotary tube can be easily checked and maintained from the outside and repaired or repaired if necessary. Maintenance can therefore be carried out even in the operating state of the rotary tube.
  • welding materials (synonymously also called welding materials or weld metal) can be used, which ensure an optimal and tight connection mixing elements / rotary tube, but would otherwise not withstand the permanently prevailing in operation corrosive high temperature conditions inside the rotary tube readily readily.
  • Fig. 1 . 2A and 2B show a rotary tube 1 according to the present invention, which can be used in a rotary kiln for the production of activated carbon.
  • a plurality of mixing elements 3 for the circulation or mixing of the load 4 are arranged in the interior 2 of the rotary tube 1 .
  • These mixing elements may be, for example, circulating or turning sheets (material guide sheets).
  • the rotary tube 1 has openings 5, which serve to receive fastening sections 6 of the mixing elements 3.
  • the attachment portions 6 of the mixing elements 3 are welded to the outside of the rotary tube 1.
  • the mixing elements 3 located in the interior 2 of the rotary tube 1 are advantageously distributed over the interior 3 of the rotary tube 1, so that an optimal circulation or mixing of the load 4 is ensured in the operating state.
  • the mixing elements 3 are permanently connected via their attachment portions 6 with the rotary tube 1 by external welding.
  • the mounting portions 6 of the mixing elements 3 are so to speak plugged through the located in the wall of the rotary tube 1 openings 5 and protrude especially outside a little way out or forth, so that an external welding of the mounting portions 6 of the mixing elements 3 with the rotary tube 1 (ie so with the outer wall of the rotary tube 1) is made possible.
  • the attachment of the welding on the outside is associated with a number of advantages. Firstly, the welding on the outside prevents the welding point from prevailing in the interior 2 of the rotary tube 1 in the operating state aggressive conditions in activated carbon production - corrosive acid gases and high temperatures - is exposed. By attaching the outside welding, it is also possible to easily maintain this from the outside - even in the operating condition - to check or repair and repair if necessary. Finally, optimal welding materials can be used in this way, which ensure a good and secure permanent connection mixing elements 3 / rotary tube 1, but otherwise would not withstand the permanent in operation corrosive high temperature conditions inside the rotary tube 1 without further ado.
  • FIG. 1 the outer side Versch comprehensiveung the attachment sections 6 of the mixing elements 3 with the rotary tube 1 via a welded section 7.
  • This welding section 7 advantageously has at least two welding layers or two welds 7a, 7b.
  • the two welding layers or welds 7a, 7b are advantageously arranged or applied one above the other. This results in double welding layers or welds 7a, 7b. This has the advantage that different materials can be used for the different welding layers 7a, 7b.
  • one of the two welding layers 7a, 7b is formed austenitic, in particular fully austenitic, and the other ferritic-austenitic.
  • the inner welding layer 7a is austenitic, in particular fully austenitic, and the outer welding layer 7b is formed in a ferritic-austenitic manner.
  • the welding takes place by build-up welding (eg by electrode welding).
  • the Welding such that the shit portion 7 is formed at least substantially gas-tight.
  • the fixing portions 6 of the mixing elements 3 are formed so as to protrude on the outside.
  • the fastening portions 6 protrude beyond the outer wall of the rotary tube 1 or out, which allows a good weldability and a good anchoring of the mounting portions 6.
  • the apertures 5 in the wall of the rotary tube 1, which serve to receive the mounting portions 6 of the mixing elements 3, are formed generally slit-like.
  • the fastening portions 6 of the mixing elements 3 can be inserted, advantageously so that the mounting portions 6 project, ie protrude a little from the outer casing of the rotary tube, so that they can be better welded. This is in the FIGS. 2A and 2B seen.
  • attachment portions 6 of the mixing elements 3 various embodiments are possible to ensure a secure connection of the attachment portions 6 to the rotary tube 1: some of them are in the Figs. 3A to 3C shown.
  • the attachment portions 6 of the mixing elements 3 extend over the entire investment or circumferential length of the mixing elements 3; In this case, the fastening portions 6 are completely inserted through the apertures 5 in the wall of the rotary kiln 1, and such an embodiment is in Fig. 3A shown.
  • the fixing portions 6 are shorter than the abutment or peripheral length of the mixing elements 3; Such embodiments are in the Figs. 3B and 3C shown. In the latter cases according to Figs.
  • the mixing elements 3 may have a shoulder at the transition to the fastening cut 6, which serves in particular for bearing against the inner side or inner wall of the rotary tube 1. It is also possible that the mixing elements 3 each have a plurality of engaging in different openings 5 mounting portions 6, as for example in Fig. 3C is shown.
  • the mixing elements 3 may be formed, for example, like a shovel or plate, in order to ensure a safe and intensive mixing and circulation of the load 4.
  • the mixing elements extend at least substantially in the radial direction of the rotary tube 1, which ensures a particularly intensive mixing of the load 4.
  • sheets, in particular angled sheets (angle plates) can be used, which mix the loading material 4 in the manner of a blade. This is known to the skilled person as such.
  • the rotary tube 1 and the mixing elements 3 advantageously consist of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant material, in particular steel.
  • high temperature and corrosion resistant steels from which the rotary tube 1 and / or the mixing elements 3 can be made are high alloy steels, i. H. Steels with more than 5% alloying elements.
  • high-alloy chromium and chromium / nickel steels preferably with a chromium and / or nickel content of more than 10%, in particular more than 15%, particularly preferably more than 20%, based on the alloy.
  • Ferritic or ferritic-austenitic steels having good corrosion and high-temperature behavior are preferably used as the material for the production of the rotary tube 1 and / or the mixing elements 3.
  • the rotary tube according to the invention advantageously inlet and outlet devices for introducing and discharging and passing gases, for example, for introducing inert gases for the carbonization phase in the activated carbon production and for introducing oxidizing gases for the activation phase in the activated carbon production. This is not shown in the figures.
  • this can have a so-called manhole in the wall of the rotary tube, which can be closed tightly with the rotary tube 1 and thus the boarding of Maintenance personnel in the interior 2 of the rotary tube 1 outside the operation allows. This is also not shown in the figures. In this way, maintenance of the interior 2 of the rotary tube 1 is ensured in a simple manner.
  • the rotary tube 1 according to the present invention is used particularly in rotary kilns for the production of activated carbon.
  • the subject of the present invention - according to a second aspect of the present invention - is thus a rotary kiln having the previously described rotary tube 1 according to the present invention.
  • Another object of the present invention - according to a third aspect of the invention - is the use of a rotary tube 1 as described above or of this rotary tube 1 contained rotary kiln for the production of activated carbon.
  • the production of the activated carbon is generally carried out by carbonization (synonymously also referred to as pyrolysis, carbonization or coking) and subsequent activation of carbonaceous starting materials, in particular organic polymers, such.
  • Sulfonated organic polymers eg, sulfonated divinylbenzene cross-linked polystyrenes which are carbonated in the rotary kiln of the present invention and subsequently activated.
  • the carbonization is generally carried out at temperatures of 100 ° C to 750 ° C, in particular 150 ° C to 650 ° C, preferably 200 ° C to 600 ° C, preferably under inert or at best slightly oxidizing atmosphere, as in the introductory part described. Carbonation may be preceded by a stage of precarbonization or pre-carbonization. In contrast, the activation is generally carried out at temperatures of 700 ° C to 1200 ° C, in particular 800 ° C to 1100 ° C, preferably 850 ° C to 1000 ° C.
  • the carbonization is - as described in the introductory part - generally carried out under controlled or selectively oxidizing conditions, especially under controlled oxidizing atmosphere.
  • Suitable starting polymers of the abovementioned type are, in particular, ion exchange resins (for example cation exchange resins or acidic ion exchange resins, preferably having sulfonic acid groups, for example cation exchange resins based on sulfonated styrene / divinylbenzene copolymers) or their precursors (ie the unsulfonated ion exchange resins, which before or during the carbonation with a suitable sulfonating agent such.
  • sulfuric acid and / or oleum must be sulfonated).
  • the rotary kiln of the present invention enables the production of activated carbon from suitable carbonaceous raw materials by carbonization and subsequent activation in a single apparatus with relatively easy handling.
  • the external welding of the mixing elements provides an easy-to-maintain, low repair-prone system which is capable of withstanding both the extremely corrosive conditions of the carbonation phase and the high temperature conditions of the activation phase.
  • Another object of the present invention - according to a fourth aspect of the invention - is a method for producing activated carbon in a rotary tube 1 according to the present invention as described above or in a rotary kiln containing this rotary tube 1.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention - is a method for producing activated carbon in a rotary tube 1 according to the present invention as described above or in a rotary kiln containing this rotary tube 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Tube rotatif (1), en particulier pour un four tubulaire rotatif de préparation de charbon actif, lequel tube présente plusieurs éléments de mélange (3), en particulier des tôles d'entraînement en rotation, disposés dans l'espace intérieur (2) du tube rotatif (1) et qui retournent et/ou mélangent intimement le produit (4) chargé, le tube rotatif (1) présentant des perforations (5) qui reprennent des parties de fixation (6) des éléments de mélange (3), les parties de fixation (6) étant soudées à l'extérieur du tube rotatif (1),
    caractérisé
    en ce que le soudage extérieur des parties de fixation (6) des éléments de mélange (3) sur le tube rotatif (1) s'effectue par une partie soudée (7), la partie soudée (7) présentant au moins deux couches soudées (7a, 7b) où des matériaux différents qui présentent différentes tenues à la température et à la corrosion sont utilisés pour les différentes couches soudées (7a, 7b).
  2. Tube rotatif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les couches soudées (7a, 7b) sont configurées comme cordons de soudure.
  3. Tube rotatif selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la soudure est étanche aux gaz et en ce que les parties de fixation (6) débordent à l'extérieur des éléments de mélange (3).
  4. Tube rotatif selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les perforations (5) de reprise des parties de fixation (6) des éléments de mélange (3) sont configurées en fente et en ce que les parties de fixation (6) des éléments de mélange (3) traversent les perforations (5).
  5. Tube rotatif selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tube rotatif (1) et/ou les éléments de mélange (3) sont constitués d'acier résistant aux hautes températures et à la corrosion.
  6. Tube rotatif selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les parties de fixation (6) s'étendent sur toute la longueur de pose ou de la périphérie des éléments de mélange (3).
  7. Tube rotatif selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les parties de fixation (6) sont plus courtes que la longueur de pose ou de la périphérie des éléments de mélange (3).
  8. Tube rotatif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de mélange (3) présentent un épaulement à la transition avec la partie de fixation (6), en particulier pour le placement sur le côté intérieur du tube rotatif (1), et/ou en ce que les éléments de mélange (3) présentent tous plusieurs parties de fixation (6) qui s'engagent dans différentes perforations (5).
  9. Tube rotatif selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de mélange (3) sont configurés en pales ou en plaques.
  10. Tube rotatif selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de mélange (3) s'étendent au moins essentiellement dans la direction radiale du tube rotatif (1).
  11. Tube rotatif selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tube rotatif (1) et/ou les éléments de mélange (3) sont constitués d'acier résistant aux hautes températures et à la corrosion.
  12. Tube rotatif selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente des dispositifs d'admission et d'extraction qui permettent l'apport, l'extraction et le passage de gaz.
  13. Four tubulaire rotatif, en particulier pour la préparation de charbon actif, présentant un tube rotatif selon les revendications 1 à 12.
  14. Procédé de préparation de charbon actif, caractérisé en ce que le procédé est conduit au moins en partie dans un tube rotatif selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 12 et/ou dans un four tubulaire rotatif selon la revendication 13.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la préparation du charbon actif s'effectue par carbonisation et ensuite activation de matériaux de départ contenant du carbone, en particulier des polymères organiques.
  16. Procédé selon les revendications 14 ou 15, caractérisé en ce que comme matériau de départ contenant du carbone, on carbonise dans le tube rotatif ou le four tubulaire rotatif des polymères organiques sulfonés, en particulier des polystyrènes sulfonés réticulés par divinylbenzène, qui présentent en particulier la forme de petits grains ou de petites billes.
  17. Procédé selon les revendications 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que la carbonisation est réalisée à des températures de 100 à 750°C, en particulier de 150 à 650°C et de préférence de 200 à 600°C et/ou en ce que la carbonisation est réalisée dans une atmosphère inerte ou en tout cas légèrement oxydante et/ou en ce que l'activation est réalisée à des températures de 700 à 1 200°C, en particulier de 800 à 1 100°C et de préférence de 850 à 1 000°C et/ou en ce que l'activation est réalisée dans une atmosphère dont le pouvoir oxydant est contrôlé.
  18. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 14 à 17, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'une des étapes du traitement de carbonisation et/ou d'activation ultérieure est réalisée dans un tube rotatif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12 et/ou dans un four tubulaire rotatif selon la revendication 13.
EP05012514A 2004-07-08 2005-06-10 Four rotatif pour la production de charbon actif Active EP1614987B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004033233 2004-07-08
DE102004036109A DE102004036109B4 (de) 2004-07-08 2004-07-24 Drehrohr für die Aktivkohleherstellung und seine Verwendung

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EP1614987A1 EP1614987A1 (fr) 2006-01-11
EP1614987B1 true EP1614987B1 (fr) 2008-12-17

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US (1) US7172414B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1614987B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4501114B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE418054T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102004036109B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2319906T3 (fr)

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CA2660883C (fr) 2006-10-09 2014-12-09 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Carbonisation et/ou activation de matiere carbonee
ITTO20070084A1 (it) * 2007-02-06 2008-08-07 K & E Srl Dispositivi di miscelazione radiale per reattori inclinati rotanti.
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JP5836713B2 (ja) * 2010-12-01 2015-12-24 スターテング工業株式会社 リコイルスタータ
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DE102004036109B4 (de) 2006-08-03
DE502005006252D1 (de) 2009-01-29
DE102004036109A1 (de) 2006-02-16
US20060269887A1 (en) 2006-11-30
JP4501114B2 (ja) 2010-07-14
JP2006021993A (ja) 2006-01-26
ATE418054T1 (de) 2009-01-15
ES2319906T3 (es) 2009-05-14
US7172414B2 (en) 2007-02-06
EP1614987A1 (fr) 2006-01-11

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