EP1606064B1 - Buse de pulverisation de liquide surchauffe - Google Patents

Buse de pulverisation de liquide surchauffe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1606064B1
EP1606064B1 EP04720049A EP04720049A EP1606064B1 EP 1606064 B1 EP1606064 B1 EP 1606064B1 EP 04720049 A EP04720049 A EP 04720049A EP 04720049 A EP04720049 A EP 04720049A EP 1606064 B1 EP1606064 B1 EP 1606064B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
liquid
pressure
divergent
sprayed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04720049A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1606064A2 (fr
Inventor
Joseph Haiun
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thermokin
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to PL04720049T priority Critical patent/PL1606064T3/pl
Publication of EP1606064A2 publication Critical patent/EP1606064A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1606064B1 publication Critical patent/EP1606064B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a nozzle for spraying a superheated liquid according to claims 1 and 4.
  • the spraying nozzles are intended for spraying non-superheated liquids by forming a jet of liquid which is broken at the outlet of the nozzle by spiral elements or other elements. ; the device according to the invention does not require the use of such elements, the jet exploding itself under the effect of the overpressure of the liquid.
  • EP 04 76 705 describes a nozzle according to the preambles of claims 1 and 4.
  • the average size of the spray droplets is rarely less than twenty or fifty microns; the best performance in terms of size and droplet velocities are obtained by the use of a compressed gas in assistance with the spraying, or by ultrasound for the low flow nozzles; finally, these nozzles are not equipped with devices for adjusting the outlet section to maintain a maximum supersonic velocity of the droplets when the pressure or the temperature of the liquid sprayed vary, or when the ambient pressure in which the liquid is sprayed varies.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to remedy these drawbacks in special cases where large flow rates of liquids must be sprayed in the form of very fine droplets, at very high speeds, with flow rates, pressure, and temperatures of sprayed liquid. It may vary in large proportions, and when the pressure of the medium or the liquid is sprayed may also vary in large proportions.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a device according to the arrangements described below.
  • the invention also aims at the characteristic points and the embodiments described in variants.
  • Device shown on the figure 1.A consisting of a nozzle body (1) fixed on a support (0) allowing the supply of superheated liquid; the nozzle body comprises a duct (3) where the superheated liquid circulates, followed by a convergent and several injectors (4) where the superheated liquid is set in speed to open on a diverging nozzle of relaxation and setting speed ( 5); as soon as it enters this nozzle, the jet of liquid evaporates partially and explodes instantly under the effect of its own vapor pressure, to form a mixture of fine droplets and vapor.
  • the generator of the divergent nozzle (5) has a discontinuity, that is to say an angle, at its intersection with that of the injectors (4), and its outlet section is dimensioned so that the mixture is ejected from the nozzle at the pressure P1 of the external medium without formation of a pressure wave in the divergent nozzle (5); the ejection speed of the mixture then corresponds to the maximum ejection speed.
  • the pressure decreases, causing a drop in temperature of the mixture, a continuous evaporation of the liquid, and a continuous speed of steam due to the increase of its flow; under the effect of the friction with the vapor, the droplets of liquid are also accelerated, and the process continues to the outlet orifice (6), where the pressure P1 of the mixture is in equilibrium with that of the ambient in which the liquid is sprayed.
  • the mathematical simulation of the flow of the superheated liquid throughout the device shows that the outlet pressure of the injectors (4) is equal to the saturated vapor pressure Ps; as soon as it enters the divergent nozzle, the liquid stream cools, boils instantly, and splits into particles under the effect of the vapor pressure forces internal to the liquid; the size of the particles is related to these splitting forces, which themselves depend on the liquid conductivity, the heat exchange and diffusion coefficients, and the slope of the generator of the divergent nozzle (5) at the junction with the injectors (4); these forces are all the greater, and the size of the particles all the smaller, as this slope approaches the vertical.
  • the flow rate of the sprayed liquid can be modified by changing the pressure Po and the temperature Po of the liquid at the inlet of the nozzle; ideally, the highest particle velocity at the output of the device is obtained when this value pair corresponds to the output section of the divergent nozzle (5).
  • the slope of the generatrix of the divergent nozzle (5) may, at the limit, be vertical at its junction with the injectors (4), as shown in FIG. figure 1.A the divergent nozzle (5) thus has a flat at its junction with (4); this flat, creating a strong pressure variation, allows the obtaining of very fine droplets and facilitates the machining of the nozzle.
  • the divergent nozzle may be partially or totally integrated with the external support (0), as shown in FIG. figure 1.B .
  • a spray nozzle according to the figure 1.A consisting of a stainless steel body of 20 mm length, 9 injectors with diameters of 0.5 mm, and a divergent nozzle with an outlet diameter of 8 mm, can spray 200 k / h of superheated water at 60 bar and 270 ° C. in ambient air, at an ejection speed close to 540 m / s, the size of the particles being sprayed being close to 5 microns and their temperature equal to 100 ° C .; nearly 30% of the superheated water inlet flow is in the form of steam at the outlet of the nozzle.
  • the device according to the invention consists of a nozzle body (1) fixed on a support (0) allowing the supply of superheated liquid; the nozzle body comprises a duct (3) or circulates the superheated liquid, followed by a convergent and an annular passage section (16) which we will call the Annular Injector, or the superheated liquid is put in speed to lead to a diverging expansion and setting nozzle (5); as soon as it enters this nozzle, the jet of liquid evaporates partially and explodes instantly under the effect of its own vapor pressure, to form a mixture of fine droplets and vapor.
  • the generator of the divergent nozzle (5) has a discontinuity, that is to say an angle, at its intersection with that of the annular injector (16), and its outlet section is dimensioned so that the mixture is ejected from the nozzle at the pressure P1 of the external medium without formation of a pressure wave in the divergent nozzle (5); the ejection speed of the mixture then corresponds to the maximum ejection speed.
  • the annular injector is constituted by the free space between a cavity (16), cylindrical for example, and an injection core (8); the method of fixing the injection core on the nozzle body allows the circulation of the liquid to be sprayed into the nozzle.
  • the figure 2 represents a cylindrical injection core (8) provided with a base (9) having through holes (10), the base being itself fixed on the inlet duct (3).
  • the pressure decreases, causing a drop in temperature of the mixture, a continuous evaporation of the liquid, and a continuous speed of steam due to the increase of its flow; under the effect of the friction with the vapor, the droplets of liquid are also put in speed, and the process continues until the outlet orifice, or the pressure P1 of the mixture is in equilibrium with that of the ambient medium in which the liquid is sprayed.
  • the mathematical simulation of the flow of the superheated liquid throughout the device shows that the pressure at the outlet of the injector (16) is equal to the saturated vapor pressure Ps; as soon as it enters the divergent nozzle, the liquid stream cools, boils instantly, and splits into particles under the effect of the vapor pressure forces internal to the liquid; the size of the particles is related to these splitting forces, which themselves depend on the liquid conductivity, the heat exchange and diffusion coefficients, and the slope of the generator of the divergent nozzle (5) at the junction with the injector (16); these forces are all the greater, and the size of the particles all the smaller, as this slope approaches the vertical.
  • the flow rate of the sprayed liquid can be modified by changing the pressure Po and the temperature Po of the liquid at the inlet of the nozzle; ideally, the highest particle velocity at the output of the device is obtained when this value pair corresponds to the output section of the divergent nozzle (5).
  • the slope of the generatrix of the divergent nozzle (5) may, at its junction with the generator of the cavity (16), be at the limit perpendicular to the axis of this cavity, as represented on the figure 1.
  • the divergent nozzle (5) therefore has a sharp section increase with respect to the outlet of the injector (16); this abrupt increase in section creates a strong pressure variation and allows very fine droplets to be obtained; Moreover, it facilitates the machining of the nozzle.
  • the divergent nozzle may be partially or totally integrated with the external support (0), as shown in FIG. figure 1.B .
  • a spray nozzle according to the figure 2 consisting of a 50 mm long stainless steel body, an annular injector having a 5 mm diameter hole and a 4 mm diameter injection core, and a diverging nozzle with an output diameter of 16 mm. mm, makes it possible to spray 800 k / h of superheated water at 60 bar and 270 ° C in ambient air, at an ejection velocity close to 540 m / s, the size of the particles sprayed being close to 5 microns and their temperature equal to 100 ° C; nearly 30% of the superheated water inlet flow is in the form of steam at the outlet of the nozzle.
  • the device according to the invention consists of a nozzle body (1) fixed on a support (0) allowing the supply of superheated liquid the nozzle body comprises a conduit (3) or circulates the superheated liquid, followed by a convergent and one or more injectors (4) or the superheated liquid is set speed to lead to a divergent nozzle relaxation and speeding (5); as soon as it enters this nozzle, the jet of liquid evaporates partially and explodes instantly under the effect of its own vapor pressure, to form a mixture of fine droplets and vapor.
  • a profiled core (11), slidable in the axis of the divergent nozzle (5) allows, according to its position, to adjust the outlet section of this nozzle; the continuous and monotonous profiles of the generatrices of the divergent nozzle (5) and the core (11) make it possible to maintain an increasing cross-section between (5) and (11) all along the axis of the nozzle, whatever the position of the core (11); by way of non-exhaustive example, generator profiles corresponding to variations of linear or parabolic sections make it possible to satisfy this requirement.
  • the shape of the downstream generator (12B) of the core (11) is indifferent, and can either be flat, ie constitute a flat bottom, or have an aerodynamic profile to limit the pressure drop of the mixture after its release of the spray nozzle, or be adapted to other constraints of the environment of the nozzle.
  • the generatrix of the divergent nozzle (5) has a discontinuity, that is to say an angle, at its intersection with that of the injectors (4).
  • the core (11) is supported by a mechanism for adjusting from the outside its relative position with respect to the nozzle (5); this mechanism can indifferently be incorporated in the nozzle or be external; the non-exhaustive example of the figure 3 shows a core supported by an axis (13) passing through the spray nozzle, and having at its end a base (9) provided with holes (10) allowing the passage of the liquid to be sprayed; a thread (17) on this base and on the duct (3) adjusts the relative positions of the core and the nozzle.
  • the outlet section of the nozzle can be adjusted so that the mixture ejected from the nozzle at the pressure P1 without forming a pressure wave in the divergent nozzle (5); the ejection speed of the mixture then corresponds to the maximum ejection speed.
  • the pressure decreases, causing a drop in temperature of the mixture, a continuous evaporation of the liquid, and a continuous speed of steam due to the increase of its flow; under the effect of the friction with the vapor, the droplets of liquid are also put in speed, and the process continues until the outlet orifice, or the pressure P1 of the mixture is in equilibrium with that of the gaseous medium in which the liquid is sprayed.
  • the mathematical simulation of the flow of the superheated liquid throughout the device shows that the pressure at the outlet of the injector (16) is equal to the saturated vapor pressure Ps; as soon as it enters the divergent nozzle, the liquid stream cools, boils instantly, and splits into particles under the effect of the vapor pressure forces internal to the liquid; the size of the particles is related to these splitting forces, which themselves depend on the liquid conductivity, the heat exchange and diffusion coefficients, and the slope of the generator of the divergent nozzle (5) at the junction with the injector (16); these forces are all the greater, and the size of the particles all the smaller, as this slope approaches the vertical.
  • the flow rate of the sprayed liquid can be modified by changing the pressure Po and the temperature To of the liquid at the inlet of the nozzle.
  • the slope of the generatrix of the divergent nozzle (5) may, at its junction with the generator of the cavity (16), be at the limit perpendicular to the axis of this cavity, as represented on the figure 3 the divergent nozzle (5) therefore has a sharp section increase with respect to the outlet of the injector (16); this abrupt increase in section creates a strong pressure variation and allows very fine droplets to be obtained; Moreover, it facilitates the machining of the nozzle.
  • the divergent nozzle may be partially or totally integrated with the external support (0), as shown in FIG. figure 1.B .
  • the automation system acts on the support and positioning mechanism of the core (11) so that the outlet section of the nozzle corresponds to the flow rate, pressure Po, and temperature To of the superheated water at the inlet, as well as at the pressure P1 of the gaseous medium in which liquid is sprayed, so that the ejection speed of the sprayed droplets at the outlet of the device is maximum; it can indifferently be incorporated in the spray nozzle, or be external.
  • figure 4 represents a device provided with an automation system incorporated in the spray nozzle; the elements that constitute it are identical to those of the figure 3 , except that the thread (18) of the flat (9) integral with the core is removed to be replaced by a return spring (14) tending to penetrate the core (11) in the divergent nozzle (5); a thread and a screw (18) make it possible to adjust the tension of the return spring (11).
  • the core (11) is subjected to the force of the spring (11) tending to introduce it into the nozzle (5), and the static and dynamic pressure forces of the mixture flow. These are directly related to the flow rate and the temperature To of the superheated water at the inlet of the nozzle, the pressure P1 at the outlet, and the output slopes of the generators of (5) and (11); they tend to extract the core (11) of the divergent nozzle (5).
  • the stiffness of the return spring (11) and the outlet slope of the nozzle (5) are defined so that these optimum ejection conditions are obtained for all other cases of nozzle operation, without the need to readjust the screw (18).
  • a spray nozzle according to the figure 4 consisting of the same elements as those of the example of variant 3 but including the position automation system of the core (11) as defined above, leads to the same performance, without the need to intervene when the flow rate of the nozzle varies or when the pressure of the gaseous medium in which the liquid is sprayed varies.
  • the annular injector is constituted by the free space between a cavity (16), cylindrical for example, and an injection core (8); the method of fixing the injection core on the nozzle body allows the circulation of the liquid to be sprayed into the nozzle.
  • the non-exhaustive example of figure 5 represents a cylindrical injection core (8) provided with a base (9) having through holes (10) for the circulation of the liquid to be sprayed.
  • the outlet section of the injector can then be adjusted by adjusting the position of the profiled injection core (15) relative to the cavity (4).
  • the non-exhaustive example of figure 6 represents a conical shaped injection core (15).
  • figure 7 represents a cylindrical shaped injection core (15) provided with semi-cylindrical outer cells (19) parallel to the axis of (15), of different lengths, each constituting a passage section for the liquid to be sprayed; the number of cells (19) opening on the nozzle (5), and therefore the passage section of the injector, are directly related to the position of the core (11) in the nozzle (5).
  • a spray nozzle according to the figure 6 of dimensions identical to that of the embodiment of variant 5 and comprising a conical profiled injection core of extreme diameters 4 mm and 5 mm, has the same performance as those of variant 5, but the flow rate of water spray can be adjusted from 100 to 800 kg / h.

Landscapes

  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
EP04720049A 2003-03-24 2004-03-12 Buse de pulverisation de liquide surchauffe Expired - Lifetime EP1606064B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL04720049T PL1606064T3 (pl) 2003-03-24 2004-03-12 Dysza przeznaczona do rozpylania cieczy przegrzanej

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0303532 2003-03-24
FR0303532A FR2852867B1 (fr) 2003-03-24 2003-03-24 Buse de pulverisation de liquide surchauffe
PCT/FR2004/000604 WO2004085073A2 (fr) 2003-03-24 2004-03-12 Buse de pulverisation de liquide surchauffe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1606064A2 EP1606064A2 (fr) 2005-12-21
EP1606064B1 true EP1606064B1 (fr) 2008-04-09

Family

ID=32947100

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04720049A Expired - Lifetime EP1606064B1 (fr) 2003-03-24 2004-03-12 Buse de pulverisation de liquide surchauffe

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US7753286B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP1606064B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP4493647B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN100525931C (ja)
AT (1) ATE391562T1 (ja)
BR (1) BRPI0408776A (ja)
CA (1) CA2519273C (ja)
DE (1) DE602004012985T2 (ja)
DK (1) DK1606064T3 (ja)
ES (1) ES2305751T3 (ja)
FR (1) FR2852867B1 (ja)
PL (1) PL1606064T3 (ja)
PT (1) PT1606064E (ja)
RU (1) RU2301710C2 (ja)
WO (1) WO2004085073A2 (ja)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2852867B1 (fr) 2003-03-24 2005-06-03 Joseph Haiun Buse de pulverisation de liquide surchauffe
US20100019058A1 (en) * 2006-09-13 2010-01-28 Vanderzwet Daniel P Nozzle assembly for cold gas dynamic spray system
KR100801658B1 (ko) 2006-09-19 2008-02-05 한국에너지기술연구원 연료전지용 양방향 가변노즐 이젝터
WO2009076489A2 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Elkhart Brass Manufacturing Company, Inc. Smooth bore nozzle with adjustable bore
US8012407B2 (en) * 2008-07-08 2011-09-06 Siemens Industry, Inc. Power clamping for water boxes
ES2360732B1 (es) * 2009-10-24 2012-04-24 Universidad De Vigo Método de obtención de recubrimientos porosos mediante proyección térmica asistida por l�?ser.
RU2445172C2 (ru) * 2010-05-25 2012-03-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Кузбасский государственный технический университет имени Т.Ф. Горбачева" (КузГТУ) Форсунка для распыления жидкостей
CN103477154B (zh) * 2011-03-21 2017-02-22 Hivap私人有限公司 一种蒸发系统及蒸发方法
RU2475285C1 (ru) * 2011-10-05 2013-02-20 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Каланча" Устройство для тушения пожаров горючих газов, жидкостей и твердых материалов
JP6385864B2 (ja) * 2015-03-18 2018-09-05 株式会社東芝 ノズルおよび液体供給装置
CN105834054B (zh) * 2016-05-13 2018-02-27 江苏大学 一种压电二相流超声雾化喷头
CN106925461A (zh) * 2017-05-02 2017-07-07 广东贺尔环境技术有限公司 水气混合雾化组件
RU2721349C1 (ru) * 2019-06-03 2020-05-19 Общероссийская общественная организация "Всероссийское добровольное пожарное общество" Установка пожаротушения автономная модульная
US20220266512A1 (en) * 2021-02-25 2022-08-25 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Energy dissipative nozzles for drop-on-demand printing and methods thereof
US11919241B1 (en) * 2021-02-25 2024-03-05 Xerox Corporation Optimized nozzle design for drop-on-demand printers and methods thereof

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US2636780A (en) * 1950-08-17 1953-04-28 Frank T Barnes Device for atomizing grease
US3450494A (en) * 1967-07-18 1969-06-17 Conrad J Gaiser Amorphous sodium silicate having inherent binding properties and method of producing same
US4717075A (en) * 1986-07-18 1988-01-05 Northern Research & Engineering Corp. Particulate dispersion apparatus
US5171613A (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-12-15 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Apparatus and methods for application of coatings with supercritical fluids as diluents by spraying from an orifice
JP2849063B2 (ja) * 1996-02-14 1999-01-20 株式会社共立合金製作所 流体噴出ノズル
GB9609885D0 (en) * 1996-05-11 1996-07-17 Phirex Uk Ltd Improved mistex water mist nozzles
DE19711405A1 (de) * 1997-03-19 1998-09-24 Stiftung Inst Fuer Werkstoffte Vorrichtung zur Feinstzerstäubung von Metallschmelzen der Pulverproduktion und Sprühkompaktierung
EP0983797A3 (de) * 1998-09-04 2003-02-05 Robatech AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auftragen eines Haftmittels auf eine Produktfläche
US6502767B2 (en) * 2000-05-03 2003-01-07 Asb Industries Advanced cold spray system
FR2852867B1 (fr) 2003-03-24 2005-06-03 Joseph Haiun Buse de pulverisation de liquide surchauffe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2852867B1 (fr) 2005-06-03
FR2852867A1 (fr) 2004-10-01
US20070176022A1 (en) 2007-08-02
DE602004012985D1 (ja) 2008-05-21
CA2519273A1 (fr) 2004-10-07
WO2004085073A2 (fr) 2004-10-07
CN100525931C (zh) 2009-08-12
JP4493647B2 (ja) 2010-06-30
RU2005132597A (ru) 2006-03-10
DK1606064T3 (da) 2008-07-21
CA2519273C (fr) 2009-05-19
ES2305751T3 (es) 2008-11-01
JP2006521199A (ja) 2006-09-21
US7753286B2 (en) 2010-07-13
WO2004085073A3 (fr) 2004-10-28
BRPI0408776A (pt) 2006-03-28
PT1606064E (pt) 2008-08-22
EP1606064A2 (fr) 2005-12-21
CN1764505A (zh) 2006-04-26
DE602004012985T2 (de) 2009-05-28
ATE391562T1 (de) 2008-04-15
PL1606064T3 (pl) 2008-11-28
RU2301710C2 (ru) 2007-06-27

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