EP1601975A1 - Differenzialdiagnostik und monitoring von vitamin b12-, vitamin b6- und fols ure-st rungen - Google Patents
Differenzialdiagnostik und monitoring von vitamin b12-, vitamin b6- und fols ure-st rungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1601975A1 EP1601975A1 EP04719436A EP04719436A EP1601975A1 EP 1601975 A1 EP1601975 A1 EP 1601975A1 EP 04719436 A EP04719436 A EP 04719436A EP 04719436 A EP04719436 A EP 04719436A EP 1601975 A1 EP1601975 A1 EP 1601975A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vitamin
- folic acid
- deficiency
- classified
- homocysteine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/82—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving vitamins or their receptors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/52—Predicting or monitoring the response to treatment, e.g. for selection of therapy based on assay results in personalised medicine; Prognosis
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and / or folic acid disorders and, in particular, the differential diagnosis of vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and / or folic acid disorders by means of three or four independent measured variables.
- Differential diagnostics can be used to detect a vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and / or folic acid deficiency and to recommend the required therapy, as well as to monitor the course of the therapy and the success of the therapy.
- Vitamins B12, B6 and folic acid are of great importance in the human organism as precursors for the formation of coenzymes. Both B12 and folic acid deficiency are very common and can cause various deficiency symptoms or illnesses and also represent a risk factor for a variety of illnesses. For example, non-inflammatory, chronic diseases are often characterized by a lack of B vitamins (B12, B6, folic acid).
- Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the human organism in the gastric mucosa by binding to the so-called intrinsic factor, which specifically binds vitamin B12. In bound form, vitamin B12 reaches the ileum, where it is absorbed into the epitel by endocytosis. Inside the mocosa cells of the llum, vitamin B12 is split off from the intrinsic factor and bound to transcobalamin II. The complex of transcobalamin II and vitamin B12 (holotranscobalamin II, holo-TC II) leaves the cell and can be distributed in the organism. Large amounts of vitamin B12 are stored in the liver (approx. 4 to 5 g).
- vitamin B12 As a coenzyme, vitamin B12, partly with the participation of folic acid, is significantly involved in the metabolism of fat, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. Among other things, vitamin B12 is essential for normal erythropoiesis and nerve cell function. The metabolism of vitamin B12 is closely linked to that of folic acid. Both vitamins are involved in their active form as coenzymes in the C1 substance.
- Tetrahydrofolic acid the form of folic acid effective as a coenzyme, plays a major role in the transfer of C1 units and thus influences, for example, nucleic acid synthesis, amino acid metabolism and blood cell formation.
- a vitamin B12 deficiency can be caused, for example, by malnutrition, malabsorption or defects in the absorption or transport mechanisms for vitamin B12.
- serious deficiency symptoms can only be expected after several years, since the body has a very high storage capacity for vitamin B12.
- the transition from normal vitamin B12 status to vitamin B12 deficiency can be divided into four stages.
- the first stage is usually characterized by a reduced vitamin B12 concentration in the serum.
- the second stage there is already a depletion with a beginning reduction in the vitamin B12 cell storage, and in the third stage there is already a biochemical vitamin B12 deficiency with serious functional disorders, such as inadequate erythropoiesis.
- the fourth stage is a clinically manifest vitamin B12 deficiency in which anemia and nerve damage can be present. Depending on the duration of the deficiency, damage can occur that is no longer reversible.
- a vitamin B12 deficiency leads to pernicious anemia in humans, a form of megaloblastic anemia. It can also lead to the formation of funicular myelosis, a severe degeneration of certain areas of the spinal cord.
- the haematological symptoms of a vitamin B12 deficiency are similar to those of a folic acid deficiency.
- the lack of folic acid is the most widespread vitamin deficiency after the lack of vitamin B12.
- causes of a folic acid deficiency can include malnutrition, malabsorption, an increased need e.g. increased pregnancy, e.g. during pregnancy or lactation during long-term hemodialysis or drug-induced disorders.
- Tetrahydrofolic acid plays a key role, for example, as a coenzyme in thymidylate synthesis. Since vitamin B12 is also involved as a coenzyme, a functional folic acid deficiency can also occur as a result of a vitamin B12 deficiency.
- the possibilities for storing folic acid are limited in the human body.
- the liver's folic acid stores are only sufficient to maintain normal serum folic acid levels for about 3 to 4 weeks.
- a folate deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia in humans. Due to the close connection of the folic acid metabolism with the vitamin B12 metabolism, the cause of the anemia can lie not only in the primary folic acid deficiency, but also in a secondary folic acid deficiency caused by a cobalamin deficiency. If there is a folic acid deficiency during pregnancy, there is a risk of miscarriage or malformation of the embryo. Furthermore, metabolites of the folic acid metabolism can accumulate in the organism as a result of a lack of folic acid. For example, if there is a folic acid deficiency, homocysteine accumulates in the organism because it cannot be methylated to methionine.
- Folic acid can thus be regarded as an indicator of the methylation of homocysteine. Even with a vitamin B12 deficiency, the methylation of homocysteine to methionine is restricted. In both cases there is a pathological accumulation of homocysteine in the blood, which leads to homocysteinemia.
- Homocysteinemia is a predisposition to various diseases. For example, arteriosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, venous thrombosis, damage to the endothelium and an increased risk of stroke are associated with homocysteinemia.
- homocysteinemia in pregnant women is a risk factor for neural tube defects and preeclampsia. Disorders of the blood coagulation system and peripheral arterial disease are also promoted by hyperhomocysteinemia.
- Homocysteine can also be metabolized to cysteine by a vitamin B6-dependent substance. Sufficient vitamin B6 levels are therefore necessary to maintain normal homocysteine levels.
- Vitamin B6 is essential in protein metabolism. In the event of deficiency symptoms, various health disorders can occur, for example skin changes and disorders of the immune and nervous system.
- Vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and folic acid status is currently determined using various biochemical parameters.
- Vitamin B6 can, for example, by means of enzymatic assays or HPLC
- Analyzes can be determined. The determination of the Vitamin B12 or folic acid concentration in the serum. To examine a folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency, the concentration of folic acid or vitamin B12 in the erythrocytes can also be measured. However, these measurements are very complex to handle.
- the prior art describes the so-called Schilling test for the detection of a vitamin B12 absorption disorder and the resulting vitamin B12 deficiency.
- This is a vitamin B12 absorption test in which the excretion of orally administered, radioactively labeled vitamin B12 in the urine is determined.
- performing this test requires the use of radioactivity, the test is very time-consuming and the results are often unreliable.
- MMA methylmalonic acid
- vitamin B12, B6 and / or folic acid deficiency Another indicator of vitamin B12, B6 and / or folic acid deficiency is an increase in the homocysteine concentration in the serum.
- this parameter alone is not sufficient to specify the present deficiency.
- the invention thus relates to the differential diagnosis of vitamin B1 2-, vitamin B6 or / and folic acid disorders by means of three or four independent measured variables.
- the method according to the invention thus enables an assessment of the overall condition of the vitamin supply of an organism with regard to vitamins B1 2, B6 and folic acid.
- the measurement parameters H ⁇ lotranscobalamin II, homocysteine, methylmalonic acid and optionally cystathionine are preferably determined from a sample. This can be a sample from a patient.
- the three or four measurement parameters can be determined from the same or different body fluids, for example from blood, blood fractions or urine. The determination is preferably carried out from serum.
- vitamin B12 is used here as a synonym for cobalamines and includes all cobalamines that have a biological effect in humans, for example methylcobalamin or 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin.
- folic acid is used herein as a collective term for naturally occurring or synthetic compounds that include a pteridine ring, p-aminobenzoic acid and one or more glutamic acid residues. Biologically active forms of these compounds, such as, for example, tetrahydrofolic acid, are also included in the term “folic acid” herein.
- the invention it was surprisingly found that by linking the three or four independent measurement variables, a quick and reliable statement about the vitamin B12, vitamin B6 or / and folic acid status is obtained, for example, from patients.
- the intracellular vitamin B12, vitamin B6 or / and folic acid status is preferably determined.
- the vitamin B12, B6 or folic acid deficiency was mostly determined from serum.
- the meaningfulness of vitamin B12 concentrations in the serum is limited due to poor sensitivity and specificity. Normal serum values do not always signal a good vitamin B12 supply, and vice versa Low serum vitamin B12 levels do not always indicate a vitamin B12 deficiency.
- the folic acid concentration in the plasma only gives an indication of the current folic acid balance at the time of blood collection.
- the folic acid concentration in the plasma does not reflect the state of the folic acid stores in the tissue, but is subject to large fluctuations due to the daily folic acid intake and changes over time in the folic acid metabolism.
- the method according to the invention now advantageously enables a determination of the intracellular vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and / or folic acid status.
- a determination of the serum concentrations of vitamin B12, vitamin B6 or folic acid is not necessary to determine the vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and / or folic acid status according to the present invention, but can be done optionally.
- the serum concentrations are additionally determined and used as control values.
- the method according to the invention enables an early diagnosis of a vitamin B6, folic acid or / and vitamin B12 deficiency, the serum concentrations or the blood count, for example, not yet indicating a deficiency condition.
- Such an early diagnosis of a vitamin B12 deficiency can be of great importance, for example, because a vitamin B12 deficiency causes neuropsychiatric diseases can, because the vitamin B12 stores in the brain are very small and quickly exhausted. If diagnosed early, neuropsychiatric diseases can be reversed by vitamin B12 supplementation, with an application of about 1000 ⁇ g vitamin B12 / day being conceivable.
- the method according to the invention allows a classification of vitamin B12, vitamin B6 or / and folic acid states, in particular of vitamin B12, vitamin B6 or / and folic acid deficiencies.
- the inventive method enables a routine differentiation between a normal vitamin B12, vitamin B6 or folic acid status and a vitamin B12, vitamin B6 or / and folic acid deficiency ,
- the vitamin B12 and folic acid state determined using the method according to the invention is classified into one of the following groups:
- Suitable reference values for the measurement variable homocysteine are, for example, in the range from about 3 to 18 preferably about 5 to 15 ji / mol / l, preferably ⁇ about 15 mol / l, particularly preferably ⁇ about 12 ⁇ rnol / l, in particular about 10 // mol / l.
- the parameter tHCY gives an indication of the homocysteine concentration in the serum. Any value within the reference range can be used as the limit value for the measurement, for example 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17 ⁇ mol / l. About 15 mol / l is preferably used as the limit value.
- the reference values of the measured variable holotranscobalain are preferably in the range from approximately 20 to 170 pmol / l, preferably approximately 30 to 160 pmol / l, particularly preferably> approximately 50 pmol / l, in particular> approximately 30 pmol / l.
- the measured variable Holo TC II gives an indication of the homocysteine concentration in the cells. Any value within the reference range can be used as a limit value for the measurement, for example 28, 29, 30, 31 or 32 pmol / l. 30 pmol / l is preferably used as the limit value of the measurement.
- Suitable reference values for the measured variable methylmalonic acid (MMA) are in the range from approximately 60 to 280 mmol / l, preferably approximately 70 to 270 mmol / l, in particular ⁇ approximately 270 mmol / l.
- the MMA measure is an indicator of B6 and B12 concentrations. Any value within the reference range can be used as the limit value for the measurement, for example 250, 260, 265, 270, 275 or 280 mmol / l. 270 mmol / l is preferably used as the limit value of the measurement.
- the reference values of the measured variables cystathionin are in the range from approximately 60 to 310 nmol / l, preferably approximately 65 to 300 nmol / l, in particular ⁇ about 300 nmol / l.
- the cystathionin parameters provide an indication of the B6 concentration. Any value within the reference range can be used as a limit value for the measurement, for example 280, 290, 295, 300, 305 or 310 mmol / l. 300 mmol / l is preferably used as the limit value in the measurement.
- the evaluation of the ascertained measured variables can preferably be computer-assisted, for example by means of suitable software.
- the measured values determined can preferably be represented graphically in the form of diagrams, in order thus to enable easy assignment of the measurement ranges to a vitamin B12, vitamin B6 or / and folic acid disorder.
- the therapy required for the respective patient in a simple manner.
- group (a) a vitamin B12, B6 and folate supplement when classified in group (b) a vitamin B12 and B6 supplement, when classified in group (c) a folate supplement, if classified in group (d) no therapy and if necessary classified in group (e) a vitamin B6 and folate supplement, and when classified in group (f) a vitamin B6 supplementation is indicated.
- the vitamins can be supplemented by any suitable type of application, preferably by oral administration.
- vitamin B12 deficiency approximately 0.1 to 3 mg, preferably approximately 0.1 to 2 mg, more preferably approximately 0.1 to 1 mg and in particular approximately 1 mg, for example 0.9 to 1.1 mg, are administered per day.
- a folate deficiency is supplemented, for example, with about 0.1 to 1.5 mg, preferably about 0.1 to 1.0 mg, in particular about 0.5 mg, for example 0.4 to 0.6 mg per day.
- vitamin B6 can be administered in a dosage of approximately 1 to 7 mg, preferably approximately 1 to 5 mg, in particular approximately 5 mg, for example 4.5 to 5.5 mg.
- both any combination of the vitamins with one another and any combination of one or more vitamins with other physiologically tolerable substances, such as, for example, carriers, aroma and flavor substances or other pharmaceutically used substances, can be administered.
- the method according to the invention also permits the observation and / or monitoring (monitoring) of the course of the therapy or the success of the therapy, in order thus to optimally use vitamin B12, vitamin B6- or folic acid preparations (e.g. oral or parenteral vitamin B12, vitamin B6 or folic acid preparations) on the individual patient and to ensure optimal medication with regard to dosage and duration of application.
- vitamin B12, vitamin B6- or folic acid preparations e.g. oral or parenteral vitamin B12, vitamin B6 or folic acid preparations
- the method according to the invention is suitable for determining vitamin B12, B6 or / and folic acid disorders in a patient.
- the method can also be used to determine chronic non-inflammatory (degenerative) diseases caused by a vitamin B12, B6 or / and folic acid deficiency, which are characterized, for example, by a normal CRP (c-reactive protein) value.
- CRP c-reactive protein
- the method according to the invention can also be coupled with further tests, e.g. with tests for iron dysfunction (see FIG. 9).
- patient samples from patients with iron distribution disorders can be subjected to the method according to the invention in order to determine a possible vitamin deficiency.
- the patients concerned would then initially not receive an erythropietin dose, but only a vitamin dose.
- FIGS. 1 to 9 and Example 1 The present invention is further illustrated by FIGS. 1 to 9 and Example 1.
- the abbreviations mean
- Figure 1 shows a diagram of the differential diagnosis or monitoring of vitamin B12, B6 or / and folic acid deficits.
- Figures 2 to 8 show a schematic representation of the remethylation and transsulfurization of homocysteine in normal metabolism without vitamin B6, B12 or / and folic acid deficiency states and with various vitamin B6, B12 or / and folic acid deficits.
- Figure 2 shows a scheme of remethylation and transsulfuration of homocysteine in normal metabolism.
- Figure 3 shows a scheme of remethylation and transsulfuration of homocysteine in vitamin B12 deficiency.
- FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the remethylation and transsulfuration of homocysteine in the absence of folate.
- FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the remethylation and transsulfuration of homocysteine in the case of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency.
- Figure 6 shows a schematic of the remethylation and transsulfuration of homocysteine in vitamin B6 deficiency.
- FIG. 7 shows a diagram of the remethylation and transsulfuration of homocysteine in the case of vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 deficiency.
- FIG. 8 shows a diagram of the remethylation and transsulfuration of homocysteine in the case of vitamin B6 and folate deficiency.
- FIG. 9 shows a diagram of various possible combinations of tests for vitamin deficiency diseases with other tests, for example a test for iron dysfunction.
- fields A and E indicate a vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency
- fields C and F no vitamin deficiency
- field B a vitamin B12 deficiency
- field D a vitamin B6 deficiency.
- Folic acid can be calculated from the difference between field A and field B.
- a patient ⁇ 60 years of age with non-inflammatory diseases (CRP> 15 mg / l) and hyperhomocysteinemia (tHCY> 12 ⁇ mol / l) was treated with 1 mg vitamin B12, 1 mg folate and 5 mg over a period of 3 weeks Treated vitamin B6 orally.
- the initial value of t-homocysteine was 13.9 ⁇ ol / l.
- the t-homocysteine value was only 8.9 // mol / l, the treatment was continued by giving the same amount orally twice a week.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10311089 | 2003-03-13 | ||
DE2003111089 DE10311089A1 (de) | 2003-03-13 | 2003-03-13 | Differenzialdiagnostik und Monitoring von Vitamin B12-, Vitamin B6- und Folsäure-Störungen mittels vier unabhängiger Messgrößen |
PCT/EP2004/002539 WO2004081578A1 (de) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-11 | Differenzialdiagnostik und monitoring von vitamin b12-, vitamin b6- und folsäure-störungen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1601975A1 true EP1601975A1 (de) | 2005-12-07 |
Family
ID=32892149
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04719436A Withdrawn EP1601975A1 (de) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-11 | Differenzialdiagnostik und monitoring von vitamin b12-, vitamin b6- und fols ure-st rungen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060105392A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1601975A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2006520468A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2518818A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10311089A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004081578A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8017403B2 (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2011-09-13 | Quest Diagnostics Investments Incorporated | Mass spectrometry method for measuring vitamin B6 in body fluid |
US8067730B2 (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2011-11-29 | The George Washington University | Laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) for atmospheric pressure, In vivo, and imaging mass spectrometry |
US20100285446A1 (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2010-11-11 | Akos Vertes | Methods for Detecting Metabolic States by Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry |
EP2538945A4 (de) * | 2010-02-24 | 2013-07-24 | Emisphere Tech Inc | Orale b12-therapie |
US8829426B2 (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2014-09-09 | The George Washington University | Plume collimation for laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry |
CN103091442A (zh) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-05-08 | 江苏艾兰得营养品有限公司 | 一种测定维生素b12含量的色谱方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4680273A (en) * | 1985-07-29 | 1987-07-14 | Victor Herbert | Assay for vitamin B12 deficiency |
US5563126A (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1996-10-08 | Metabolite Laboratories | Method for treatment and prevention of deficiencies of vitamins B12, folic acid, and B6 |
EP1381373B1 (de) * | 2001-04-25 | 2006-06-14 | Cobalz Limited | Medizinische zusammensetzungen zur behandlung oder vorbeugung eines funktionellen vitamin b12 mangels |
-
2003
- 2003-03-13 DE DE2003111089 patent/DE10311089A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-03-11 EP EP04719436A patent/EP1601975A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-11 WO PCT/EP2004/002539 patent/WO2004081578A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-03-11 JP JP2006504654A patent/JP2006520468A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-11 CA CA002518818A patent/CA2518818A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-09-13 US US11/225,287 patent/US20060105392A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None * |
See also references of WO2004081578A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10311089A1 (de) | 2004-09-23 |
CA2518818A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
US20060105392A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
JP2006520468A (ja) | 2006-09-07 |
WO2004081578A1 (de) | 2004-09-23 |
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