EP1597128A1 - Einrichtung und verfahren zur überwachung einer rotierenden welle und/oder daran angebrachter elemente - Google Patents
Einrichtung und verfahren zur überwachung einer rotierenden welle und/oder daran angebrachter elementeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1597128A1 EP1597128A1 EP03799453A EP03799453A EP1597128A1 EP 1597128 A1 EP1597128 A1 EP 1597128A1 EP 03799453 A EP03799453 A EP 03799453A EP 03799453 A EP03799453 A EP 03799453A EP 1597128 A1 EP1597128 A1 EP 1597128A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- signal processing
- processing unit
- data
- sensor system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device and a method for monitoring a rotating shaft and / or elements attached to it, in which a sensor system for detecting vibrations and / or structure-borne noise is arranged on the shaft and connected to a signal processing unit that is received by the sensor system Measurement signals processed to provide output data for transmission to a receiving unit in a non-rotating reference system.
- the monitoring does not only refer to the shaft itself, but above all to attachments attached to it, such as idler wheels, brake discs and other elements.
- An example of an application is the monitoring of the running gear and wheel sets of rail vehicles. State of the art
- structure-borne noise or vibration sensors are used in order to be able to detect deviations from the normal vibration behavior of the monitored components at an early stage from the measurement data obtained via the sensors during the operation of the rail vehicles.
- an electronic chassis monitoring system for trains in which essentially one or more vibration sensors are arranged on each bogie of each wagon and possibly also the power car, which record the vibrations generated in the bogie and via a Feed the signal processing system to the on-board computer of the locomotive.
- the vibration sensors are attached to the bogie, on the wheel axle or in the area of the support means for suspension of the bogie.
- DE 100 62 602 AI describes a further method and a device for monitoring the driving behavior of rail vehicles.
- acceleration signals from vehicle components while driving are recorded with sensors and evaluated in a special way in order to obtain a signal which is characteristic of the driving behavior.
- the acceleration sensors are installed, for example, in the wheelset bearings of the rail vehicle.
- a disadvantage of the previously known solutions is that the sensors used and the cabling required for processing the measurement data are exposed to the rough driving conditions in the area of the track bed, e.g. stone chips, snow and ice, so that there is an increased risk of failure of the monitoring system external influences.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for monitoring a rotating shaft and / or elements attached to it, which offers improved protection against external influences.
- this sensor system is an acoustic sensor system, i.e. around one or more sensors that detect structure-borne noise from the shaft. Depending on the application, you can do this
- the signal processing unit takes over the processing of the signals supplied by the sensor system in order to at least reduce the amount of data that is provided for transmission to the receiving unit compared to the amount of data supplied by the sensors.
- the signal processing unit can already perform an at least almost complete evaluation of the data according to predefinable criteria.
- the required cavity of the shaft can, for example, by drilling a blind hole in the
- the sensors and the signal processing electronics are therefore an integral part of the mechanical engineering component shaft. They are preferably installed at the shaft manufacturer and remain in the shaft until operation and decommissioning by the user. They are protected against mechanical damage during the assembly of the shaft in a system. During the operation of the system, the sensors and the
- Signal processing electronics are safe from operational mechanical and climatic influences due to their arrangement in the cavity of the shaft. In addition, this arrangement offers protection against willful damage or vandalism, which is particularly important in security-relevant surveillance systems.
- the inspection intervals for the shaft and the elements or components mounted on it can be significantly extended when using the present device or the present method. If the present device supplies output data that indicate impending primary damage, the inspection intervals can be shortened in good time.
- At least the sensor system and the signal processing unit are integrated, for example cast in, in a preferably one-piece module which is fixed in the cavity of the shaft.
- This monitoring module can be used, for example, in the cavity of the shaft when the shaft is manufactured be pressed in. Of course, other techniques of fixing in the shaft are also possible.
- the signal processing unit preferably comprises a signal processing processor which is designed for the at least partial evaluation of the measurement signals according to predefinable criteria in order to reduce the amount of data in output data compared to the amount of data from the measurement signals.
- the data processing is preferably carried out in digital form, the measurement signals obtained from the sensors being converted beforehand into digital measurement data using at least one A / D converter.
- the A / D converter can be part of the sensor system or the signal processing unit and is also integrated in the monitoring module in the preferred embodiment.
- the present monitoring device preferably also includes a data transmission device for the transmission of the output data to the receiving unit.
- a wireless data transmission device can be used particularly advantageously, which consists of a telemetry module connected to the signal processing unit and an antenna which projects from the cavity of the shaft or is arranged outside the cavity on the shaft.
- the telemetry module is preferably integrated in the monitoring module.
- the output data are stored on this data transmission device
- Radio path transmitted to the receiving unit for example an on-board computer on the drive head of a train to be monitored.
- the on-board computer must understandably have a corresponding receiving antenna with an associated receiving module.
- this data transmission device In a special embodiment of this data transmission device, bidirectional data transmission between the signal processing unit and the receiving unit is made possible. In this way, the present device can also be controlled via the receiving unit. Furthermore, it is possible to design the data transmission unit in such a way that it enables the wireless power supply of the present device. Corresponding wireless energy transmission techniques are known to the person skilled in the art.
- a separate energy or power supply module can also be attached, preferably in the shaft.
- This module can use the rotation of the shaft to generate the required current. In this case it is built as an electrical generator.
- the signal processing unit is connected to a trigger module which is arranged in the cavity of the shaft and which supplies trigger signals in synchronization with the revolutions of the shaft in order to enable rotationally synchronous signal detection and signal processing.
- a trigger module which is arranged in the cavity of the shaft and which supplies trigger signals in synchronization with the revolutions of the shaft in order to enable rotationally synchronous signal detection and signal processing.
- other electronic components that are advantageous for signal acquisition and processing can also be used in the cavity of the shaft, preferably as an integral part of the monitoring module. examples for such components are signal amplifiers and filters.
- all of the electronics arranged in the cavity of the shaft are integrated into the monitoring module, so that the assembly of the device in the shaft is greatly simplified.
- the measurement signals supplied by the sensors can be evaluated in different ways. At least a large part of the evaluation is preferably already carried out in the signal processing unit of the shaft, the measurement signals being evaluated in the time and / or frequency domain. It is also possible to store comparison data in the signal processing unit if an appropriate memory is arranged.
- damage to wheels such as cracks, flat spots, crumbling, polygon and corrugation or the like can be used in exemplary use on rail vehicles. , as well as on the wheel bearings, such as for example, outer ring or inner ring damage, but also cage or ball damage, as well as cracks in the shaft.
- damage generates sound waves or vibrations, which can be recognized with a suitable evaluation of the measurement signals.
- the present monitoring device and the associated method can be used not only in rail vehicles, but also in other systems in which torque is transmitted via a shaft, such as in transmissions.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment of the present device on a hollow shaft of a rail vehicle.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of digital signal processing in a device like that of FIG. 1.
- the acoustic sensors are installed inside the hollow shaft of the Wheelset.
- the electronics which also rotate in the hollow shaft and consist of primary electronics, signal processing processor, trigger module, transmission / reception telemetry and power supply, are installed in the immediate vicinity of the sensors.
- a co-rotating transmitting / receiving antenna is guided outside so that the transmitted signals reach the receiver in the non-rotating system, in the present example in the railcar.
- the device shown as an example comprises the one-piece monitoring module 5, which contains all the components of the present monitoring device, with the exception of the antenna, which protrude from the hollow shaft.
- 1 shows an outer section of the rotating hollow shaft 1 with the cavity 2 present therein, to which an impeller 11 of the rail vehicle is attached.
- the hollow shaft 1 is connected via the bearing 12 to the non-rotating bogie of the rail vehicle.
- Bearing 12 and bore or cavity 2 of the hollow shaft 1 are closed by a cover 13 which does not rotate.
- a radial reflection strip 14 is attached to the inside of the cover 13.
- the monitoring module 5 is pressed into the cavity 2 of the hollow shaft 1 during the manufacture of the hollow shaft 1, so that it is fixed there.
- the monitoring module 5 therefore rotates during operation with the hollow shaft 1.
- one or more acoustic sensors 15, which form the sensor system 3 and, are integrated in the present example rest on the inner surface of the cavity 2 of the hollow shaft 1.
- the sensors 15 are - not recognizable in the figure - connected to the signal processing unit 4, which contains a digital signal processor.
- the measurement signals obtained continuously or in pulsed form from the sensors 15 are converted into digital measurement data after amplification and optionally filtering with an A / D converter (not shown), which are processed by the signal processing unit 4 with the evaluation program contained therein.
- the signal processing unit 4 is connected to a telemetry module 6, which transmits the output data via a transmit / receive antenna 7.
- the antenna 7 is fastened to the monitoring module 5 and protrudes from the hollow shaft 1 in the axial direction thereof through an opening in the cover 13, as is indicated schematically in FIG. Signals are sent from the signal processing unit 4 and, if appropriate, control signals are also received via the telemetry module 6 with the co-rotating antenna 7.
- the signal processing unit 4 thus communicates with a computer 16 installed in the non-rotating wagon or railcar system
- Receiving unit 10 which on the one hand can send control commands to the monitoring module 5 and can receive pre-compressed or preprocessed data from the latter.
- the For this purpose, computer 16 is connected to a corresponding transmit / receive antenna 17. In this way, the computer can also transmit control signals for the amplifier and the filter or filters from the non-rotating reference system to the rotating electronics in the hollow shaft 1.
- the monitoring device also has a power supply module 8, which is likewise integrated in the one-piece monitoring module 5.
- This power supply module 8 can be designed in the form of an electrical generator in order to ensure the power supply to the electronic components integrated in the hollow shaft 1.
- a trigger module 9 which is also integrated in the monitoring module 5 and is designed as an optical reflection light barrier in connection with the radial reflection strip 14 in the cover 13 and transmits a pulse to the signal processing unit 4 with each revolution of the wheel, rotationally synchronous signal detection and processing can be carried out realize.
- An example of the signal processing is shown schematically in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 2 shows individual processing steps of the measurement signals continuously supplied by the sensor system 3 during operation.
- the conditioned measurement signals are digitized with the A / D converter, with the analog signals usually being oversampled.
- the data acquisition by the trigger pulse of the trigger module 9 is so controlled that there is a measurement data field for each wheel revolution.
- Limit value monitoring is used to limit the data field length at very low speeds. Data is only recorded from a defined speed, ie above a minimum driving speed of the rail vehicle.
- the measured data are low-pass filtered to limit the input signal and the measured data are decimated by a factor of 2.
- Digital high and low-pass filters cut out n characteristic frequency bands from the measured signal represented by the measured data, the evaluation of which enables crack detection.
- the evaluation algorithm used is based on the
- This low-pass filtering also serves as a band limitation to comply with the sampling theorem for the subsequent one
- Decimation of the signal By oversampling with subsequent filtering and decimation, a significantly better signal-to-noise ratio is achieved.
- the decimation is carried out with a variable decimation factor, so that the data records are reduced to mx 360 samples per wheel revolution according to the invention.
- the number m is determined depending on the monitoring object.
- the result is an evaluation matrix of n rows, each of which contains data fields with a length of mx 360 samples. The content of these data fields characterizes the energy of the acoustic signals at each of the preferably equidistantly over the inner circumference of the Hollow shaft distributed measuring points.
- Error-induced small signal components are amplified by the rotationally synchronous averaging, while the proportion of relatively large stochastic signal components is greatly reduced by this type of averaging.
- the averaged evaluation matrix is transmitted via the telemetry module 6 to the computer 16, which further evaluates the data in order to trigger a warning signal when a dangerous situation, for example an impending damage, is detected.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10307950A DE10307950B4 (de) | 2003-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Einrichtung zur Überwachung einer rotierenden Welle und/oder daran angebrachter Elemente |
| DE10307950 | 2003-02-25 | ||
| PCT/DE2003/004284 WO2004076257A1 (de) | 2003-02-25 | 2003-12-23 | Einrichtung und verfahren zur überwachung einer rotierenden welle und/oder daran angebrachter elemente |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1597128A1 true EP1597128A1 (de) | 2005-11-23 |
| EP1597128B1 EP1597128B1 (de) | 2006-05-31 |
Family
ID=32841850
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03799453A Expired - Lifetime EP1597128B1 (de) | 2003-02-25 | 2003-12-23 | Einrichtung und verfahren zur überwachung einer rotierenden welle und/oder daran angebrachter elemente |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1597128B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE327933T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10307950B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2004076257A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018514775A (ja) * | 2015-05-04 | 2018-06-07 | グローチェ,ピーター | 感知器機器を有する機械要素および機械要素を製造するための方法 |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005008586A1 (de) * | 2005-02-24 | 2006-09-07 | Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh | Elektrische Antriebsvorrichtung mit Körperschallsensor |
| US7705743B2 (en) | 2006-03-01 | 2010-04-27 | L-3 Communications Corporation | Self-assembling wireless network, vehicle communications system, railroad wheel and bearing monitoring system and methods therefor |
| EP2765402B1 (de) * | 2008-03-05 | 2017-01-04 | Ab Skf | Vorrichtung zur anbringung an ein rotierendes teil einer eisenbahnfahrzeugachse |
| DE202008018608U1 (de) | 2008-03-05 | 2016-08-29 | Ab Skf | Vorrichtung zur Anbringung an ein rotierendes Teil einer Eisenbahnfahrzeugachse |
| DE102014226935A1 (de) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-12-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Überwachen einer Radachse eines Fahrzeugs |
| DE102021109516B3 (de) | 2021-04-15 | 2022-03-24 | Core Sensing Gmbh | Generator zur Anordnung in einer in Rotation versetzbaren Hohlwelle |
| WO2023109995A1 (de) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-06-22 | Bornemann Gewindetechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Gleis-system mit spindelbaugruppe mit integriertem sensor |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU458278A1 (ru) * | 1973-12-18 | 1976-08-05 | Государственный Научно-Исследовательский Институт | Пьезоэлектрический датчик |
| DE4425702A1 (de) * | 1994-07-20 | 1996-01-25 | Marco Systemanalyse Entw | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Analysieren des Körperschalls in festen Körpern |
| EP0997714A3 (de) * | 1994-08-31 | 2001-06-06 | Honeywell Inc. | Selbstversorgte Einrichtung zur Fernüberwachung von Strukturen |
| DE19751672A1 (de) * | 1997-11-21 | 1999-06-02 | Ingbuero Schneider | Anordnung zur Überwachung der Bewegung eines Objektes |
| DE19827271C5 (de) * | 1998-06-19 | 2008-11-27 | MÜLLER, Andreas | On-line Erfassungssystem mit Auswerteteil für rad- und gleisbezogene Daten für Hochgeschwindigkeitszüge |
| DE19827931C1 (de) * | 1998-06-23 | 1999-12-02 | Albrecht Mayer | Sensorüberwachungssystem für mehrachsige Fahrzeuge |
| DE19831176A1 (de) * | 1998-07-11 | 2000-01-13 | Focht Harry | Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Feststellung von Schäden an Rädern schienengebundener Fahrzeuge aufgrund der durch einen Radschaden erzeugten Geräusche |
| DE19837554C2 (de) * | 1998-08-19 | 2002-10-24 | Roland Schuhwerk | Elektronische Fahrwerk-Überwachungsanlage für Züge |
| DE19852220C2 (de) * | 1998-11-12 | 2001-07-26 | Stn Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erkennung von Schäden im Schienenverkehr |
| DE19925394C2 (de) * | 1999-06-02 | 2002-11-28 | Intelligendt Sys & Serv Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen eines Schienenfahrzeugs |
| DE10059775C2 (de) * | 2000-12-01 | 2003-11-27 | Hahn Schickard Ges | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verarbeitung von analogen Ausgangssignalen von kapazitiven Sensoren |
-
2003
- 2003-02-25 DE DE10307950A patent/DE10307950B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-23 AT AT03799453T patent/ATE327933T1/de active
- 2003-12-23 WO PCT/DE2003/004284 patent/WO2004076257A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-12-23 EP EP03799453A patent/EP1597128B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-23 DE DE50303626T patent/DE50303626D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004076257A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018514775A (ja) * | 2015-05-04 | 2018-06-07 | グローチェ,ピーター | 感知器機器を有する機械要素および機械要素を製造するための方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10307950A1 (de) | 2004-09-09 |
| DE10307950B4 (de) | 2005-10-27 |
| ATE327933T1 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
| EP1597128B1 (de) | 2006-05-31 |
| WO2004076257A1 (de) | 2004-09-10 |
| DE50303626D1 (de) | 2006-07-06 |
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