EP1595271B1 - Drucktastenschalter zum trennen und verbinden - Google Patents

Drucktastenschalter zum trennen und verbinden Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1595271B1
EP1595271B1 EP04712085A EP04712085A EP1595271B1 EP 1595271 B1 EP1595271 B1 EP 1595271B1 EP 04712085 A EP04712085 A EP 04712085A EP 04712085 A EP04712085 A EP 04712085A EP 1595271 B1 EP1595271 B1 EP 1595271B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
push button
button
base
spring
action
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04712085A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1595271A1 (de
Inventor
Mario Leva
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Construction Diffusion Vente Internationale SA
Original Assignee
Construction Diffusion Vente Internationale SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0302137A external-priority patent/FR2851688A1/fr
Application filed by Construction Diffusion Vente Internationale SA filed Critical Construction Diffusion Vente Internationale SA
Publication of EP1595271A1 publication Critical patent/EP1595271A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1595271B1 publication Critical patent/EP1595271B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/02—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch
    • H01H3/12—Push-buttons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/50—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a single operating member
    • H01H13/52—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a single operating member the contact returning to its original state immediately upon removal of operating force, e.g. bell-push switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/50—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a single operating member
    • H01H13/64—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a single operating member wherein the switch has more than two electrically distinguishable positions, e.g. multi-position push-button switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/023—Light-emitting indicators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements to the push buttons contact breaker.
  • Such a push button allows, during its depression, to modify the electrical state of a line either permanently or temporarily, the modification ceasing as soon as the action on the control member is released.
  • the functions described above are obtained by the combination of two members namely a connector, stable or unstable, and a pusher constituting the control member of the assembly.
  • Such an assembly occupies a large volume and does not lend itself to the establishment of a light device to identify, for example, the location of the pusher, in other words, it is very difficult to achieve a light pusher .
  • the design of existing devices has shown that in case of failure of the lighting system it was necessary to replace the assembly.
  • Document DE 199954098 discloses a pushbutton contactor breaker comprising a pusher provided with a tail carrying a contact member, immobilized in rotation relative to said tail and held between two springs, said member being movable axially between two pairs of tiered contacts.
  • the means used to prevent rotation of the pusher relative to the body carrying the contacts are complicated and unreliable, the various elements making up the push button can be easily dismantled by an unauthorized person.
  • the button contact breaker of the invention which overcomes these disadvantages, comprises a closed body, at one of its ends, by an insulating base and, at the other, by a pusher, said base comprising two pairs of electrical contacts between each of which is disposed a contact member, said push button being characterized in that the contact member is guided on two candles of the base whose axes extend parallel to that of the pusher, said member being movable, in one direction, under the action of a spring, in a known manner and, in the other, under the action of said pusher.
  • the device consists of a body 1, preferably cylindrical, closed at one of its ends by a base 2 and at the other by a pusher 3.
  • the base 2 made of an insulating material, comprises two pairs of electrical contacts 4 and 5, angularly and axially offset relative to the body 1.
  • the base 2 is used to guide a connector plate 6 held in a stable position under the action of a spring 7 and can be moved during the depression of the pusher 3.
  • the contacts 4 and 5 are embodied by the screw heads, screwed into the base 2 and to which contacts the electrical conductors (not shown) are connected.
  • the plate 6 In the rest position, the plate 6 is applied under the heads of the screws under the action of the spring 7, said heads constituting members limiting the displacement of said plate or connecting member.
  • the pusher 3 is held by a spring 8, whose force is less than that of the spring 7.
  • This spring has a dual function, it can absorb dimensional variations that may occur during machining components and maintain the inner end of the pusher at a distance from the upper face of the plate 6. In this way, the user better perceives its action on the pusher.
  • the base 2 has two candles 9 guiding the plate 6 whose axes extend parallel to that of the pusher.
  • the bodies of the screws, the heads of which form the contacts 4 pass axially through the candles 9.
  • the base 2 serves to support the sleeve 10, a light source 11 screwed axially into said base (the power cables are not shown).
  • the sleeve 10 passes freely through the plate 6 to extend into the internal cavity 3a of the pusher which is advantageously made of a transparent or translucent material.
  • other means than the screwing can be used to maintain the sleeve 10.
  • the means used to fix the sleeve (10) are accessible from outside the body and that the withdrawal or the establishment of a light source does not influence the operation of the push button.

Landscapes

  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Lastschalter-Einschalter-Druckknopf mit einem an einem seiner Enden durch eine isolierende Fußfläche (2) und am anderen durch einen Drücker (3) verschlossenen Körper (1) , wobei die genannte Fußfläche zwei Paare (4 und 5) elektrischer Kontakte umfasst, wobei zwischen jedem von ihnen ein in einer Richtung unter der Wirkung einer Feder (7), in der anderen unter der Wirkung des genannten Drückers mobiles Kontaktorgan (6) angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kontaktorgan (6) auf zwei Stiften (9) der Fußfläche (2) geführt wird, deren Achsen sich parallel zu der des Drückers erstrecken.
  2. Druckknopf gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Drücker (3) der Wirkung einer sich gegen das Kontaktorgan aufstützenden und bei fehlendem Druck auf dem genannten Drücker, diesen entfernt von dem genannten Organ haltenden Feder (8) unterliegt, wobei die Kraft der genannten Feder geringer ist als die der ersten Feder (7).
  3. Druckknopf gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Kontakt der Kontaktpaare (4) durch den Kopf einer den entsprechenden Stift (9) durchquerenden Schraube gebildet wird.
  4. Druckknopf gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fußfläche als Träger einer Buchse (10) zur Aufnahme einer das Verbindungsorgan (6) durchquerenden Lichtquelle dient, um sich in einer internen Aushöhlung des Drückers zu erstrecken, der aus transparentem oder durchscheinendem Material realisiert ist.
  5. Druckknopf gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Buchse (10) gemäß der Achse des Körpers (1) angeordnet und an der Fußfläche (2) gemäß ihren Abbau erlaubenden Mitteln befestigt ist.
EP04712085A 2003-02-21 2004-02-18 Drucktastenschalter zum trennen und verbinden Expired - Lifetime EP1595271B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0302137 2003-02-21
FR0302137A FR2851688A1 (fr) 2003-02-21 2003-02-21 Bouton poussoir rupteur conjoncteur
FR0401244A FR2851690B1 (fr) 2003-02-21 2004-02-10 Bouton-poussoir rupteur conjoncteur
FR0401244 2004-02-10
PCT/FR2004/000360 WO2004077475A1 (fr) 2003-02-21 2004-02-18 Bouton-poussoir rupteur conjoncteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1595271A1 EP1595271A1 (de) 2005-11-16
EP1595271B1 true EP1595271B1 (de) 2006-08-16

Family

ID=32826946

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04712085A Expired - Lifetime EP1595271B1 (de) 2003-02-21 2004-02-18 Drucktastenschalter zum trennen und verbinden

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1595271B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE336793T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004001976D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2851690B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2004077475A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109495628B (zh) * 2018-11-07 2021-04-06 南京溧水高新创业投资管理有限公司 具有书写功能的手机或平板保护壳

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1044268B (de) * 1957-04-12 1958-11-20 Kurt Maecker Pruefvorrichtung fuer Signallampen
DE1842887U (de) * 1961-10-21 1961-12-07 Busch Jaeger Duerener Metall Mehrfachdruckknopfschalter mit signallampen.
US3551614A (en) * 1969-07-28 1970-12-29 Illinois Tool Works Switch actuator assembly
US4154996A (en) * 1977-05-12 1979-05-15 Mcgraw-Edison Company Positive break snap action switch
DE19954098C1 (de) * 1999-11-10 2001-02-01 Siemens Ag Drucktaster mit Wechslerfunktion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2851690A1 (fr) 2004-08-27
EP1595271A1 (de) 2005-11-16
DE602004001976D1 (de) 2006-09-28
FR2851690B1 (fr) 2006-12-22
WO2004077475A1 (fr) 2004-09-10
ATE336793T1 (de) 2006-09-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0001031B1 (de) Drucktastenschalter mit Momentschaltung
FR2497609A1 (fr) Dispositif de connexion du type a pousser-tirer
EP3399532B1 (de) Nothaltevorrichtung
EP3109878B1 (de) Vakuumschalter und elektrisches schutzgerät mit einem solchen vakuumschalter
EP1595271B1 (de) Drucktastenschalter zum trennen und verbinden
FR2756612A3 (fr) Torche munie d'un interrupteur
FR2775798A1 (fr) Boite de montre munie de moyens de commande
FR2565730A1 (fr) Interrupteur electrique a touche basculante, muni d'un systeme perfectionne de montage de son coulisseau
EP0142404B1 (de) Schalter mit schwenkbarem Kontaktträger
WO2011032817A1 (fr) Dispositif d'arret d'urgence
EP1416506A2 (de) Betätigungsvorrichtung mit einem Schaltknopf, der um mehrere Achsen drehbar ist
EP0100245B1 (de) Elektrischer Kleinschalter
FR2587418A1 (fr) Dispositif de commutation electrohydraulique
EP1693868B1 (de) Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Änderung des Zustandes einer Schaltung
FR2630211A1 (fr) Capteur electrique de pression de l'huile de lubrification d'un moteur a combustion interne
FR2755306A1 (fr) Dispositif de connexion male adaptable a differents diametres de prise femelle
EP0216645B1 (de) Vorrichtung zur Verhinderung der relativen Rückbewegung zweier ineinander steckbarer Teile, von denen einer manuell bedient wird
EP1170764B1 (de) Druckschalter
FR2959591A1 (fr) Dispositif d'arret d'urgence avec ensembles de commutation a assemblage securise
FR2497397A1 (fr) Interrupteur miniaturise a poussoir, pourvu de contacts glissants, notamment pour installations electriques de vehicules
EP0346202B1 (de) Einrichtung zum optischen Schalten
EP4092490A1 (de) Steuervorrichtung für ein uhrwerk mit taktiler rückmeldung und uhrwerk, insbesondere armbanduhr, mit einer solchen vorrichtung
CH704691A1 (fr) Bouton-poussoir à guidage amélioré.
FR2476901A1 (fr) Contacteur a touches de poussee pour appareils electriques
FR2793346A1 (fr) Dispositif etanche de detection de position a ouverture brusque

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20050809

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL LT LV MK

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20060816

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060816

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060816

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060816

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060816

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060816

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060816

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060816

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060816

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 602004001976

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20060928

Kind code of ref document: P

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20061116

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20061116

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20061116

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20061117

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20061127

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 20061109

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070116

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070228

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FD4D

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20070518

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20061117

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060816

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080229

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080229

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070218

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060816

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070217

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060816

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20100305

Year of fee payment: 7

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20100226

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20100120

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20100315

Year of fee payment: 7

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: *CONSTRUCTION DIFFUSION VENTE INTERNATIONALE

Effective date: 20110228

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20110218

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20111102

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110218

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110218