EP1590097B1 - Fluidabgabevorrichtung und spender mit einer solchen vorrichtung - Google Patents
Fluidabgabevorrichtung und spender mit einer solchen vorrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1590097B1 EP1590097B1 EP03799662A EP03799662A EP1590097B1 EP 1590097 B1 EP1590097 B1 EP 1590097B1 EP 03799662 A EP03799662 A EP 03799662A EP 03799662 A EP03799662 A EP 03799662A EP 1590097 B1 EP1590097 B1 EP 1590097B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dispenser
- collar
- defining
- opening
- axial height
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/1001—Piston pumps
- B05B11/1023—Piston pumps having an outlet valve opened by deformation or displacement of the piston relative to its actuating stem
- B05B11/1025—Piston pumps having an outlet valve opened by deformation or displacement of the piston relative to its actuating stem a spring urging the outlet valve in its closed position
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/1042—Components or details
- B05B11/1043—Sealing or attachment arrangements between pump and container
- B05B11/1046—Sealing or attachment arrangements between pump and container the pump chamber being arranged substantially coaxially to the neck of the container
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluid dispenser member for mounting on an opening of a fluid reservoir.
- the invention also relates to a fluid dispenser comprising a dispensing member and a fluid reservoir.
- Such dispensers equipped with such organs are used in particular in the fields of perfumery, cosmetics or even pharmacy. They are intended to distribute liquid fluid or powder in the form of a spray, a continuous net or large drops.
- the invention relates to a dispenser member according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a dispenser member according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such an organ is known from the document US-2002/066751 .
- such dispensing members comprise a body internally defining a chamber of variable volume, said body defining a lower end, an actuating rod movable axially back and forth in said body to vary the volume of said chamber said rod comprising a lower part engaged in the body and an upper part defining an upper end, a circumferential bearing flange extending radially outwards, said flange comprising a lower face intended to bear at least indirectly on an edge of the opening of the fluid reservoir, optionally a neck seal disposed in contact with the underside of the collar so as to be compressed between the collar and the edge of the opening.
- the neck seal is only a few tenths of a millimeter thick so that the peripheral support flange determines the height of the dispensing member inserted into the opening of the reservoir and the height of the dispensing member which protrudes out of the tank opening.
- the height of the dispensing member above the support collar is not too important.
- most of the dispensing members comprise a relatively elongated body which is engaged for the most part inside the opening of the reservoir. When the opening is defined by a relatively elongated neck, it is possible that the dispensing member does not protrude below the neck to inside the tank body.
- the dispensing member when the neck is very short as is the case for standard tanks, the dispensing member, and more particularly the body, penetrate inside the body of the tank so that it is possible to see the body inside the body of the tank when it is transparent. This does not have a very sought-after aesthetic effect, especially in perfumery, where it is always sought to mask the dispensing member as much as possible.
- most of the distribution members have a height below the collar which is three or four times greater than the height above the collar.
- the object of the present invention is to define a particularly compact dispensing member which is compatible with substantially all tank neck heights, while being particularly balanced.
- the axial height HS 1 axially separating the lower face of the collar from the upper end of the actuating rod is substantially equal to the axial height HI 1 axially separating the lower face of the collar from the lower extremity of the body.
- the axial height HS 2 axially separating the lower face of the seal from the upper end of the actuating rod is substantially equal to the axial height HI 2 axially separating the lower face of the seal from the lower end of the body.
- the neck seal has a very small thickness, this amounts to approximately say that the flange is disposed substantially at mid-height of the dispensing member.
- HS1, HS2, HI1 and HI2 are all of the order of 7 to 9 mm.
- the total height of the dispensing member is therefore of the order of 14 to 18 millimeters, preferably 16 to 17 millimeters, which is particularly reduced in the field of cosmetics, perfumery or pharmacy.
- the dispensing member is thus virtually invisible inside a neck of medium height or even low. Indeed, the lower end of the body does not even protrude below the neck inside the body of the tank.
- the dispensing member further comprises a dispensing head mounted on the upper part of the rod and forming a dispensing orifice, said head defining an upper end, the axial height HS3 axially separating the lower face of the flange of the upper end of the head is slightly greater than the axial height HI2 axially separating the lower face of the flange of the lower end of the body.
- the dispensing head is considered an accessory of a dispensing member, since for the same dispensing member, it is possible to mount several different dispensing heads.
- HS3 is of the order of 9 to 10 mm.
- the axial height excluding HV distribution head is of the order of 16 to 17 millimeters, and the total axial height with the head distribution may be of the order of 17 to 19 millimeters.
- the dispensing member may further comprise a trim band intended to extend around the body outside the edge of the opening, said band comprising an upper end, and a dispensing head mounted on the upper part of the rod and defining a lateral dispensing orifice, the head being movable axially inside the upper end of the hoop.
- the hoop can be mounted on a fixing ring engaged with the body and the reservoir.
- the trim band usually extends over the entire outside height of the neck, so that the height under flange inserted inside is not even visible since it does not even protrude below the neck.
- the invention also relates to a fluid dispenser comprising a fluid reservoir defining a reservoir with an opening and a dispensing member as defined above mounted on the opening of the reservoir.
- the reservoir comprises a substantially cylindrical projecting collar defining the opening, said neck defining a free upper end forming an annular edge on which the collar or seal rests and a lower end connected to the tank body, the lower end of the body being located in the neck so that it does not extend not in the tank body.
- the axial height HC of the neck is of the order of 7 to 9 mm for an internal diameter of about 8 mm and an outer diameter of about 13 mm.
- the dispensing member used to illustrate the present invention and shown in the figures is a pump comprising a pump body 1 of generally cylindrical shape.
- the body 1 is however staggered so as to define a lower section 13 is an upper section 14.
- the upper section 14 has a diameter greater than the lower section 13.
- the lower end of the lower section 13 defines an inlet 11 which makes communicate the outside with the interior of the body 1 at the lower section 13.
- This inlet 11 is defined by an inlet sleeve having a lower end 10 which also forms the lower end of the body 1.
- the inlet 11 defines an inlet valve seat associated with an inlet valve 15 which can move axially between a closed position and an open position.
- a free piston 6 having an outer sealing lip 61 is engaged with sealing sliding inside the upper section 14, which thus defines a sealed sliding shaft.
- a pump chamber 15 is thus defined inside the body 1 between the inlet 11 selectively closed by the valve 15 and the free piston 6. This chamber is of variable volume because of the displacement of the piston 6 inside the the upper section 14.
- the free piston is mounted on an actuating rod 7 which penetrates inside the upper section 14, but also in the lower section 15.
- the free piston 6 is slidably mounted on the actuating rod: the piston and the actuating rod together define an outlet valve which operates by sliding the piston 6 on a section of the actuating rod 7.
- a precompression spring makes it possible to urge the piston 6 to the closed rest position.
- the actuating rod 7 defines an internal discharge channel through which the fluid product pressurized in the pump chamber 15 can escape by passing through the open outlet valve.
- the actuating rod 7 also defines an upper end 79 which is also in the form of an annular plate.
- the actuating rod 7 is urged into the rest position by a return spring 76 located outside the pump chamber 15.
- the pump also comprises a shell 5 which defines the top dead center or in the rest position of the piston 6 and the actuating rod 7. In other words, the piston 6 abuts against the shell 5 in the absence
- the ferrule 5 also forms a bearing flange 52 which extends radially outwardly.
- This support flange 52 extends around the body 1 substantially at the junction between the lower 13 and upper 14 sections.
- the annular support flange 52 comprises a lower face 51 in contact with an annular neck seal 2.
- the seal comprises an upper face 21 in contact with the lower face 51 of the collar and a lower face 22 facing downwards. This lower face 22 of the seal 2 is intended to come into contact with the upper end edge 911 of a neck 91 of a reservoir 9.
- the neck 91 thus defines an opening 90 allowing access to a reservoir body containing fluid product.
- the neck 91 may be connected to the body of the reservoir by an outwardly extending shoulder 92 as can be seen in FIG. 2.
- the neck 91 may also have an outer peripheral reinforcement 910 which projects radially towards the outside.
- the dispensing member of the invention is conventionally equipped with a dispensing head 8 mounted on the upper end of the actuating rod.
- This dispensing head which can act as a pusher, comprises a distribution channel 82 which connects the discharge channel formed by the actuating rod to an outlet orifice 81 which may be of the nozzle type.
- the dispensing head may optionally be provided with a covering cap 83 which extends all around the dispensing head.
- the covering cap comprises an upper bearing surface 83 on which one can exert a thrust with the aid of a finger and a cylindrical peripheral skirt 84 which extends downwards from the bearing surface 83 .
- the dispensing member comprises a fixing ring 3 which makes it possible to fix the dispensing member on the neck 91.
- the fixing ring 3 comprises means for receiving the dispensing member. , for example at its flange 52 and further comprises fixing lugs having heads 31 intended to engage under the peripheral reinforcement 910 of the neck 91.
- the dispensing member comprises a trim band 4 which comes to dress the fixing ring 3.
- the trim band 4 comprises an upper end 41 forming an inward flap and a free lower end 42
- the hoop is substantially cylindrical over its entire height.
- the dispensing head 8 can move axially inside the casing band 4. Even in the rest position, the lower end of the skirt 84 is inserted into the upper end 41 of the casing. fret 4.
- the trim band 4 extends over the height of the neck 9, and advantageously abuts with its lower end 42 on the shoulder 92. Thus, the neck 91 is no longer visible .
- the axial height HS 1 defined between the lower face 51 of the flange 52 and the upper end 79 of the actuating rod is substantially equal to the axial height HI1 defined between the lower face of the flange 51 and the lower end 10 of the body 1. Since the neck seal 2 has a small thickness of the order from 0.5 to 1 millimeter, it can also be said that the axial height HS 2 defined between the lower face 22 of the gasket 2 and the upper end 79 is substantially equal to the height HI 2 defined between the lower face 22 of the gasket 2 and the gasket 2. lower end 10 of the body 1.
- the height of the pump inserted in the neck 91 is substantially equal to the height of the pump which protrudes out of the neck when omitting the dispensing head 8 which is only an accessory of the pump.
- the axial height HS3 defined between the lower face 51 of the flange 52 and the upper bearing wall 83 of the dispensing head 8 is substantially equal to or slightly greater than the height HI1 defined between the lower face of the flange 52 and the lower end 10 of the body 1.
- a plunger tube 101 can be mounted in the inlet 11, as can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, but this tube 101 is not part of the pump, but is only an accessory.
- the axial heights HS1, HS2, HI1 and HI2 can all be of the order of 7 to 9 millimeters.
- HI2 is approximately equal to 8.2 millimeters and HI1 is equal to 8.8 millimeters, the thickness of the joint being 0.6 millimeters.
- the lower end of the pump is located in the neck without protruding downwardly within the body of the reservoir. Since the trim band 4 extends to the level of the shoulder 92, the pump is completely masked. We can say that it is invisible.
- This characteristic can be implemented independently of the fact that the support flange is located substantially halfway up the dispensing member.
- the dimensions of the neck may be as follows: the external diameter DEC may be of the order of 13 millimeters, the internal diameter DIC may be the order of 8 millimeters with a neck height of the order of 7 to 9 millimeters just like HI1 and HI2.
- the outer diameter of the body at the lower section 13 may be of the order of 6 to 7 millimeters.
Landscapes
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
Claims (13)
- Fluidabgabeelement zur Anbringung auf einer Öffnung (90) eines Fluidvorratsbehälters (9), wobei das Element aufweist:- Einen Körper (1), der im Innern eine Kammer (15) variablen Volumens festlegt, wobei der Körper ein unteres Ende (10) festlegt,- eine Betätigungsstange (7), die in dem Körper axial hin und her verschiebbar ist, um das Volumen der Kammer zu variieren, wobei die Stange einen unteren Teil aufweist, der in dem Körper im Eingriff steht, und einen oberen Teil, der ein oberes Ende (79) festlegt,- einen peripheren Anlagekragen (52), der sich radial nach außen erstreckt, wobei der Kragen eine Unterseite (51) aufweist, die dazu bestimmt ist, in Anlage zumindest indirekt am Rand (911) der Öffnung (90) des Fluidvorratsbehälters zu gelangen,- optional einen Halsanschluss (2), der im Kontakt mit der Unterseite (51) des Kragens derart angeordnet ist, dass er zwischen dem Kragen (52) und dem Rand (911) der Öffnung zusammengedrückt wird,dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die axiale Höhe HS1, welche die Unterseite des Kragens vom oberen Ende der Betätigungsstange trennt, im Wesentlichen gleich der axialen Höhe HI1 ist, welche die Unterseite des Kragens vom unteren Ende des Körpers axial trennt.
- Fluidabgabeelement zur Anbringung auf einer Öffnung (90) eines Fluidvorratsbehälters (9), wobei das Element aufweist:- Einen Körper (1), der im Innern eine Kammer (15) variablen Volumens festlegt, wobei der Körper ein unteres Ende (10) festlegt,- eine Betätigungsstange (7), die in dem Körper axial hin und her verschiebbar ist, um das Volumen der Kammer zu variieren, wobei die Stange einen unteren Teil aufweist, der sich in dem Körper im Eingriff befindet, und einen oberen Teil, der ein oberes Ende (79) festlegt,- einen peripheren Anlagekragen (52), der sich radial nach außen erstreckt, wobei der Kragen eine Unterseite (51) aufweist,- einen Halsanschluss (2), der eine Oberseite (21) und eine Unterseite (22) aufweist, wobei sich die Oberseite (21) im Kontakt mit der Unterseite (51) des Kragens (52) befindet, und wobei die Unterseite (22) dazu bestimmt ist, in Kontakt mit einem Rand (911) der Öffnung (90) des Vorratsbehälters (9) zu gelangen,dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die axiale Höhe HS2, welche die Unterseite des Anschlusses des oberen Endes von der Betätigungsstange axial trennt, im Wesentlichen gleich der axialen Höhe HI2 ist, welche die Unterseite des Anschlusses vom unteren Ende des Körpers axial trennt.
- Abgabeelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei HS1, HS2, HI1 und HI2 sämtliche in der Größenordnung von 7 bis 9 mm liegen.
- Abgabeelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, außerdem aufweisend einen Abgabekopf (8), der auf dem oberen Teil (7) der Stange angebracht ist und eine Abgabeöffnung (81) bildet, wobei der Kopf ein oberes Ende (83) festlegt, wobei die axiale Höhe HS3, die die Unterseite des Kragens vom oberen Ende des Kopfes axial trennt, geringfügig größer ist als die axiale Höhe HI2, welche die Unterseite des Kragens vom unteren Ende des Körpers axial trennt.
- Abgabeelement nach Anspruch 4, wobei HS3 in der Größenordnung von 9 bis 10 mm liegt.
- Abgabeelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Anschluss eine Stärke in der Größenordnung von 0,5 bis 1 mm aufweist.
- Abgabeelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, aufweisend eine axiale Höhe HT jenseits des Abgabekopfs in der Größenordnung von 16 bis 17 mm.
- Abgabeelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die axiale Gesamthöhe HT in der Größenordnung von 17 bis 19 mm liegt.
- Abgabeelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, außerdem aufweisend:Einen Verkleidungsring (4), der dazu bestimmt ist, sich um den Körper (1) auf der Außenseite des Rands der Öffnung zu erstrecken, wobei der Ring ein oberes Ende (41) aufweist, undeinen Abgabekopf (8), der auf dem oberen Teil der Stange angebracht ist und eine seitliche Abgabeöffnung (83) festlegt, wobei der Kopf axial im Innern des oberen Endes des Rings verschiebbar ist.
- Abgabeelement nach Anspruch 9, wobei der Ring auf einem Festlegungsflansch (3) angebracht ist, der sich im Eingriff mit dem Körper (1) und dem Vorratsbehälter (9) befindet.
- Fluidspender, aufweisend einen Fluidvorratsbehälter, der einen Vorratsbehälter mit einer Öffnung (90) festlegt, und ein Abgabeelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, das auf der Öffnung des Vorratsbehälters angebracht ist.
- Spender nach Anspruch 11, wobei der Vorratsbehälter (9) einen im Wesentlichen zylindrischen, vorkragenden Kragen (91) aufweist, der eine Öffnung (90) begrenzt, wobei der Kragen ein oberes freies Ende festlegt, das einen Ringrand (911) bildet, auf dem der Kragen (52) oder der Anschluss (2) ruht, und ein unteres Ende, das mit dem Vorratsbehälter verbunden ist, wobei das untere Ende (10) des Körpers in dem Hals zu liegen kommt.
- Spender nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, wobei die axiale Höhe HC des Halses in der Größenordnung von 7 bis 9 mm für einen Innendurchmesser in der Größenordnung von 8 mm und einen Außendurchmesser in der Größenordung von 13 mm liegt.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0216547 | 2002-12-23 | ||
FR0216547A FR2849000B1 (fr) | 2002-12-23 | 2002-12-23 | Dispositif de distribution de produit fluide. |
FR0308493 | 2003-07-10 | ||
FR0308493A FR2857340B1 (fr) | 2003-07-10 | 2003-07-10 | Organe de distribution de produit fluide et distributeur comprenant un tel organe |
PCT/FR2003/003835 WO2004058413A1 (fr) | 2002-12-23 | 2003-12-19 | Organe de distribution de produit fluide et distributeur comprenant un tel organe |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1590097A1 EP1590097A1 (de) | 2005-11-02 |
EP1590097B1 true EP1590097B1 (de) | 2007-08-29 |
Family
ID=32683901
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03799662A Expired - Lifetime EP1590097B1 (de) | 2002-12-23 | 2003-12-19 | Fluidabgabevorrichtung und spender mit einer solchen vorrichtung |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8074845B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1590097B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2006512205A (de) |
BR (1) | BR0313487A (de) |
DE (1) | DE60316038T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2293092T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004058413A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007149140A2 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-12-27 | Antlabs | System and method for providing transactional security for an end-user device |
DE102010045059A1 (de) | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-15 | F. Holzer Gmbh | Dosiervorrichtung |
DE102016114456A1 (de) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-02-08 | Rpc Bramlage Gmbh | Fingerspraypumpe sowie Düsenkopf für eine Sprühpumpe |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4252507A (en) * | 1979-09-10 | 1981-02-24 | Seaquist Valve Company | Hand-actuatable pump assembly |
ES2013413A6 (es) * | 1989-03-29 | 1990-05-01 | Monturas Sa | Bomba dispensadora de fluido contenido en un recipiente. |
FR2678906B1 (fr) * | 1991-07-10 | 1993-10-22 | Valois | Dispositif pour projeter une dose predeterminee d'un produit fluide, et son procede de remplissage. |
US6435376B1 (en) * | 1992-05-22 | 2002-08-20 | Dispensing Patents International Llc. | Container with snap-on neck |
FR2704524B1 (fr) * | 1993-04-29 | 1995-07-28 | Step | Dispositif portatif pour la distribution d'une substance fluide. |
US5299703A (en) * | 1993-06-30 | 1994-04-05 | American Dispensing Systems Inc. | Device for securing a dispenser to a glass container |
FR2776633B1 (fr) * | 1998-03-26 | 2000-06-09 | Valois Sa | Dispositif de distribution airless |
FR2781767B1 (fr) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-10-13 | Valois Sa | Dispositif de distribution de produit fluide |
US6170713B1 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2001-01-09 | Emson, Inc. | Double spring precompression pump with priming feature |
FR2792553B1 (fr) * | 1999-04-22 | 2002-04-19 | Valois Sa | Dispositif de distribution biphasique |
US6799690B2 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2004-10-05 | Valois S.A. | Attachment device to attach a pump or valve onto a recipient neck |
-
2003
- 2003-12-19 DE DE60316038T patent/DE60316038T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-19 BR BR0313487-3A patent/BR0313487A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-19 WO PCT/FR2003/003835 patent/WO2004058413A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2003-12-19 EP EP03799662A patent/EP1590097B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-19 ES ES03799662T patent/ES2293092T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-19 JP JP2005509713A patent/JP2006512205A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-19 US US10/525,224 patent/US8074845B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60316038D1 (de) | 2007-10-11 |
US20060037973A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
ES2293092T3 (es) | 2008-03-16 |
US8074845B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 |
BR0313487A (pt) | 2005-06-21 |
WO2004058413A1 (fr) | 2004-07-15 |
DE60316038T2 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
EP1590097A1 (de) | 2005-11-02 |
JP2006512205A (ja) | 2006-04-13 |
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