EP1588814A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern auf Basis von Polyurethan-Bindemitteln und cellulosehaltigem Material - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern auf Basis von Polyurethan-Bindemitteln und cellulosehaltigem Material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1588814A1 EP1588814A1 EP05005240A EP05005240A EP1588814A1 EP 1588814 A1 EP1588814 A1 EP 1588814A1 EP 05005240 A EP05005240 A EP 05005240A EP 05005240 A EP05005240 A EP 05005240A EP 1588814 A1 EP1588814 A1 EP 1588814A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- cellulose
- containing material
- mpa
- polyurethane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
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- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 4
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- HGQSXVKHVMGQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyltin Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Sn]CCCCCCCC HGQSXVKHVMGQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 4
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- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
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- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)O UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004707 phenolate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007944 thiolates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(2+) Chemical class [Sn+2] IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical class [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFGUVBVUFZMJMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans 5-tetradecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCC(O)=O AFGUVBVUFZMJMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTXICBNEOEPAZ-BQYQJAHWSA-N trans-10-heptadecenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCC(O)=O GDTXICBNEOEPAZ-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APXSAEQXOXTDAM-AATRIKPKSA-N trans-10-pentadecenoic acid Chemical compound CCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCC(O)=O APXSAEQXOXTDAM-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Octadec-5-ensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCC(O)=O AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZJHNXIAYMADBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-hexadecen-10-oic acid Natural products CCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O HZJHNXIAYMADBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N trans-vaccenic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PWBHRVGYSMBMIO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributylstannanylium;acetate Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(C)=O PWBHRVGYSMBMIO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-UYWAGRGNSA-N trichosanic acid Natural products CCCCC=C/C=C/C=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-UYWAGRGNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XATCWUIVPWOLDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctyl(trioctylstannyloxy)stannane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Sn](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)O[Sn](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XATCWUIVPWOLDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-Linolenic acid Chemical compound CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/005—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres and foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of moldings based on polyurethane binders and cellulosic material, the Shaped body itself, as well as its use.
- binders are urea-formaldehyde resins (UF resins), phenol-formaldehyde resins (PF resins), melamine-formaldehyde resins (MF resins) and melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde resins (MUPF resins ).
- UF resins urea-formaldehyde resins
- PF resins phenol-formaldehyde resins
- MF resins melamine-formaldehyde resins
- MUPF resins melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde resins
- the binders are often subdivided into non-foaming (compact) and foam-forming (foaming, porous) binders.
- the compact binders are preferably used in practice for bonding flat substrates in order to achieve full-surface adhesive bonds with high strength. Stable pasty variants of these compact binders are used to bond gap-bridging.
- Foaming binders are used if low adhesive strengths are sufficient and if gap-bridging bonding is required.
- Foaming binders are preferably used when the use of paste-like adhesives for cavity filling, such as in the bonding of chips or granules of low-density products, can be realized only with difficulty.
- WO 99/30882 describes a process for the production of moldings consisting essentially of wood particles and / or cellulose-containing material (component A) and a porous polyurethane binder (component B) in a weight ratio of 0.05 to 1.0: 1.0 Component (B) to component (A) exist. It is proposed to carry out these shaped bodies by the reaction of at least one polyisocyanate with at least one polyol and / or polyamine and at least one carboxylic acid as blowing agent. The reaction is preferably carried out at temperatures between 80 and 100 ° C and with an initial pressure of more than 1 kp / cm 2 . The gas formation and thus the end properties of the foamed molding should be largely independent of the moisture content of component (A).
- component (A) wood particles in the form of wood chips or wood flour with particle sizes of not more than 1 mm thick, not more than 20 mm wide and not more than 50 mm in length are suitably used (page 13, lines 1 to 3).
- WO 97/03794 describes a process for the production of polymer wood moldings, wherein the polymer wood molded body by reacting wood particles and / or cellulose-containing material with at least one carbon dioxide splitting two-component polyurethane binder in a ratio of 10 to 200 parts by weight of binder on 100 parts by weight of wood particles and / or cellulose-containing material and under a pressure of at least 1 kp / cm 2 is obtained.
- the wood particles are in the form of wood chips and / or wood flour in particle sizes of a maximum of 5 mm thick, 20 mm wide and 50 mm in length (page 6, lines 30 to 33).
- WO 03/086750 describes a method for coating uneven substrates, especially of wood-based surfaces, with thin coating materials to a flat and smooth surface, the carrier and the Coating components against a smooth sheet, laminating rollers, structural bands or the like, and being used as a coating material Covering film and an adhesive system is used which a foaming adhesive, that of the topcoat film during coating chemical / physical reactions Defects of the material to be coated provides filling and spanning properties.
- a disadvantage of the known from the prior art method is common insufficient strength of the molded body produced.
- the object of the present invention was therefore reproducible shaped bodies produce with high strength values.
- the molding should be included have in particular at least equivalent properties to plywood.
- the proportion by weight of the polyurethane binder is set to 0.5 to 25 Parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 15 parts by weight and in particular preferably 1.5 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight cellulose-containing Material.
- the process step (c) is preferably carried out at a temperature of 60 to 230 ° C, particularly preferably at a temperature of 80 to 160 ° C by.
- the reaction time in step (c) is 0.5 to 30 minutes, depending on the chosen device in which the reaction is carried out. After completion of the reaction, the pressure is released.
- the bonding process of process step (c) under pressure and preferably at elevated temperature is preferably preceded by a mixing of the polyurethane binder with the cellulose-containing material (process step (d)).
- Process step (d) can be carried out both continuously and discontinuously.
- the individual components of the polyurethane binder are mixed simultaneously, but preferably offset in time, the cellulose-containing material.
- the polyol component (resin) is first mixed with the cellulose-containing material, then the addition of the isocyanate component (hardener), optionally followed by other auxiliaries, for example water repellents, in each case with continuous mixing.
- Suitable mixing devices are mixing drums, preferably with baffles or free-fall cascade drums.
- the introduction of the cellulose-containing material into a suitable apparatus for forming the shaped body can take place in a single layer, but is preferably carried out in a multi-layered manner. Concretely, the number of layers of the cellulose-containing material is 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 8 and particularly preferably 3 to 5 layers.
- the molded article produced therefrom by the process according to the invention is referred to as a five-layered molded article.
- the layered introduction takes place in a specific preferred direction, preferably it is done crosswise.
- a device in which the reaction between cellulose-containing material and polyurethane binder is carried out are: closed molds, molds with movable punch, 1-level or multi-day presses, plate presses with or without form or belt or double belt presses. In the case of the latter, the relaxation of the press pressure takes place in that the shaped body formed leaves the pressure area continuously.
- the strips of the cellulose-containing material have a uniform quality in terms of thickness and width.
- Processes for the production of strips of uniform quality are known from DE 197 27 127 C1 and DE 10035052 C1.
- Cellulosic materials are materials which contain cellulose as a constituent.
- the term "cellulosic materials” includes materials made of wood.
- veneer strips from the group of coniferous and deciduous trees are used as cellulose-containing material. The woods are divided into softwood and hardwood species.
- veneer strips of spruce pine, fir, larch, birch, alder, horse chestnut, pine, aspen, willow, poplar or linden wood are suitable.
- Particularly preferred are veneer strips of birch, poplar, pine and spruce.
- the two-part polyurethane adhesive is obtainable by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one polyol and / or polyamine.
- the two-component polyurethane adhesive contains at least one blowing agent during the reaction, the blowing agent providing a microporous structure in the form of a polyurethane foam.
- the use of the foaming two-component polyurethane adhesive is important for a weight reduction in comparison to compact binder systems.
- the foaming pressure is also utilized to effect the penetration of the cellulose-containing material to be bound in the form of strips through the components of the foaming two-component polyurethane adhesive.
- a chemical reaction between the cellulosic material and the polyurethane binder take place. This results overall in a very strong bond between the binder and the cellulosic material.
- the polyisocyanates are polyfunctional, preferably the suitable polyfunctional isocyanates contain on average from 2 to at most 5, preferably to 4 and in particular 2 or 3 isocyanate groups per molecule.
- the polyisocyanates to be used may be aromatic, cycloaliphatic or aliphatic isocyanates.
- aromatic polyisocyanates are: All isomers of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) either in isomerically pure form or as a mixture of several isomers, naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI), diphenylmethane-2,4 ' diisocyanate and mixtures of the 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate with the 2,4'-isomer or mixtures thereof with higher-functional oligomers (so-called crude MDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), 4,4'-diphenyl-dimethylmethane diisocyanate, diisocyanate and tetraalkyldiphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-dibenzyl diisocyanate, 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate,
- Suitable cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates are the hydrogenation products of the abovementioned aromatic diisocyanates, for example 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI), 1-isocyanatomethyl-3-isocyanato-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI), Cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate, hydrogenated xylylene-diisocyanate (H6XDI), 1-methyl-2,4-diisocyanato-cyclohexane, m- or p-tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (m-TMXDI, p-TMXDI) and dimer fatty acid diisocyanate.
- H12MDI 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- aliphatic polyisocyanates are tetramethoxybutane-1,4-diisocyanate, butane-1,4-diisocyanate, hexane-1,6-diisocyanate (HDI), 1,6-diisocyanato-2,2,4-trimethylhexane, 1,6- Diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane, butane-1,4-diisocyanate and 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate (C12DI).
- HDI hexane-1,6-diisocyanate
- C12DI 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate
- aromatic isocyanates are preferred, preferably the Diphenylmethane diisocyanate, either in the form of pure isomers, as Isomer mixtures of 2,4 '- / 4,4'-isomers or with carbodiimide liquefied MDI, e.g. is known under the trade name Isonate 143 L, as well as the so-called "crude MDI", i. an isomer / oligomer mixture of MDI, as e.g. under the trade name PAPI or Desmodur VK commercially are available.
- so-called "quasi-prepolymers” i. Reaction products of MDI or TDI with low molecular weight diols, such as e.g.
- Ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol or Triethylene glycol can be used.
- These quasi-prepolymers are known a mixture of the aforementioned reaction products with monomeric Diisocyanates.
- aliphatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanates even at low temperatures quickly and completely to the usable in the process according to the invention foams to react.
- Isocyanates are also their isocyanuration products or biuretization products, in particular those of the HDI or IPDI use.
- polyols which are already known for polyurethane production, also suitable for the present invention.
- polyhydroxy polyethers of the molecular weight range from 60 to 10,000, preferably 70 to 6,000, with 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups per Molecule.
- Such Polyhydroxypolyether be in a conventional manner Obtained alkoxylation of suitable starter molecules, for. From water, Propylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, sorbitol, cane sugar, etc.
- Suitable Alkoxylating agents are in particular propylene oxide and possibly also Ethylene oxide.
- the liquid polyhydroxy compounds having two or three hydroxyl groups per molecule such as di- and / or trifunctional polypropylene glycols in the molecular weight range from 200 to 6000, preferably in the range of 400 to 3000. It can also be random and / or block copolymers of ethylene oxide and Propylene oxides are used.
- Another group of preferably used polyethers are the polytetramethylene glycols, which are prepared for example by the acidic polymerization of tetrahydrofuran, while the molecular weight range of the polytetramethylene glycols is between 200 and 6000, preferably in the range of 400 to 4000.
- liquid polyesters obtained by condensation of di- or tricarboxylic acids, such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, glutaric acid, azelaic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid or phthalic acid with low molecular weight diols or triols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,10-decanediol, glycerol or trimethylolpropane can be prepared.
- di- or tricarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, glutaric acid, azelaic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid or phthalic acid
- triols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hex
- polyester based on caprolactone also called “polycaprolactone”.
- polyester polyols of oleochemical origin become.
- Such polyester polyols for example, by complete Ring opening of epoxidized triglycerides of one at least partially olefinic unsaturated fatty acid-containing fat blends with one or more Alcohols with 1 to 12 carbon atoms and subsequent partial transesterification of Triglyceride derivatives to alkyl ester polyols having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical getting produced.
- Other suitable polyols are polycarbonate polyols and Dimer diols (Henkel) and castor oil and derivatives thereof.
- the hydroxy functional Polybutadienes as described e.g. under the trade name "Poly-bd" can be available for the inventive compositions as Polyols are used.
- the polyol component is a diol / triol mixture of polyether and Polyester polyols.
- Carboxylic acids are preferably used in the process according to the invention. These react with the isocyanates in the presence of catalysts Cleavage of carbon dioxide to amides. So you have the double function, on to be involved in the construction of the polymer skeleton and at the same time by the Cleavage of carbon dioxide as blowing agent, possibly with the concomitant use of Water, to work.
- carboxylic acids is meant acids which have a or more - preferably up to three - carboxyl groups (-COOH) and contain at least 2, preferably 5 to 400 carbon atoms.
- the carboxyl groups may be saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl or Cycloalkyl radicals or be connected to aromatic radicals.
- carboxylic acids are: acetic acid, valeric, caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, Stearic, isostearic, isopalmitic, arachin, beehive, cerotin and melissin acids and the mono- or polyunsaturated acids palmitoleic, oleic, elaidin, Petroselin, eruca, linoleic, linolenic and gadoleic acid.
- adipic acid sebacic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, Trimellitic acid, phthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, tetrachlorophthalic acid, Oxalic acid, muconic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, Citric acid, tartaric acid, di- or trimerized unsaturated Fatty acids, optionally mixed with monomeric unsaturated fatty acids and optionally partial esters of these compounds.
- esters may also be used of polycarboxylic acids or carboxylic acid mixtures containing both COOH and OH groups can be used as esters of TMP [C2H5-C (CH2OH) 3], Glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, glycol or their alkoxylates with adipic acid, Sebacic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid or grafted or partially esterified Carbohydrates (sugar, starch, cellulose) and ring-opening products of Epoxides with polycarboxylic acids.
- TMP C2H5-C (CH2OH) 3
- Glycerol pentaerythritol
- sorbitol glycol or their alkoxylates with adipic acid
- Sebacic acid citric acid, tartaric acid or grafted or partially esterified Carbohydrates (sugar, starch, cellulose) and ring-opening products of Epoxides with polycar
- “carboxylic acids” are preferred in addition to the aminocarboxylic acids “Hydroxy”.
- “Hydroxycarboxylic acids” are monohydroxymonocarboxylic acids, Monohydroxypolycarboxylic acids, polyhydroxymonocarboxylic acids and polyhydroxypolycarboxylic acids including corresponding hydroxyalkoxycarboxylic acids having 2 to 600, preferably 8 to 400 and in particular with 14 to 120 C-atoms, the 1 to 9, preferably 2 to 3, hydroxyl groups or carboxyl groups on an H-C radical, in particular to contain an aliphatic radical.
- polyhydroxymonocarboxylic acids and the polyhydroxypolycarboxylic acids including corresponding hydroxyalkoxycarboxylic acids become the polyhydroxy fatty acids summarized.
- the preferably used dihydroxy fatty acids and their preparation are described in DE-A-33 18 596 and EP 237 959 described, to which reference is expressly made.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acids used according to the invention are preferably derived from naturally occurring fatty acids. They therefore usually have one even number of carbon atoms in the main chain and are not branched. Particularly suitable are those having a chain length of 8 to 100, in particular from 14 to 22 carbon atoms.
- Natural fatty acids are mostly used as technical mixtures. These Mixtures preferably contain a portion of oleic acid. You can about it In addition, further saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated Contain fatty acids.
- usable polyhydroxy or polyhydroxyalkoxy fatty acids can In principle, mixtures of different chain lengths are used, which too saturated or polyhydroxyalkoxycarboxylic with May contain double bonds.
- Polyhydroxy fatty acids but also mixed products obtained from animal Fats or vegetable oils which, after treatment (ester cleavage, Purification levels) Contents of monounsaturated fatty acids> 40%, preferably > 60%.
- Examples include commercially available, natural raw materials such as. Beef tallow with a chain distribution of 67% oleic acid, 2% Stearic acid, 1% heptadecanoic acid, 10% saturated acids of chain length C12 to C16, 12% linoleic acid and 2% saturated acids> C18 carbon atoms or e.g.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acids used according to the invention are preferably derived of monounsaturated fatty acids, e.g. of 4,5-tetradecenoic acid, 9,10-tetradecenoic acid, 9,10-pentadecenoic acid, 9,10-hexadecenoic acid, 9,10-heptadecenoic acid, 6,7-octadecenoic acid, 9,10-octadecenoic acid, 11,12-octadecenoic acid, 11,12-eicosenoic acid, 11,12-docosenoic acid, 13,14-docosenoic acid, 15,16-tetracenoic acid and 9,10-xenoic acid.
- the oleic acid (9,10-octadecenoic acid). Both cis and trans isomers of all mentioned fatty acids are suitable.
- polyhydroxy fatty acids which are less common derived unsaturated fatty acids, such as decyl-12-enoic acid, Styling acid, dodecyl-9-enoic acid, ricinoleic acid, petroselinic acid, vaccenic acid, Eleastostearic acid, punicic acid, licanic acid, parinaric acid, gadoleic acid, Arachidonic acid, 5-eicosenoic acid, 5-docosenoic acid, cetoleic acid, 5,13-docosadienoic acid and / or selacholeinic acid.
- polyhydroxy fatty acids derived from isomerization products natural unsaturated fatty acids have been produced.
- the way produced polyhydroxy fatty acids differ only by the location of Hydroxy or the hydroxyalkoxy groups in the molecule. They are in general as mixtures.
- Naturally occurring fatty acids are more natural in nature Raw materials in the present invention as the starting component though preferred, but that does not mean that not synonymous synthetic Carboxylic acids with appropriate C numbers are suitable.
- a hydroxyalkoxy radical of the polyhydroxy fatty acids is derived from the polyol, which has been used for ring opening of the epoxidized fatty acid derivative. Preference is given to polyhydroxyfatty acids whose hydroxyalkoxy group differs from preferably primary difunctional alcohols with up to 24, especially up to derives to 12 C atoms.
- Suitable diols are propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol and hexanediol, dodecanediol, preferably 1,2-ethanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, Polypropylene glycol, polybutanediol and / or polyethylene glycol with a degree of polymerization of from 2 to 40.
- diol compounds Polypropylene glycol and / or polytetrahydrofuran and their Mischpolymerisations occur particularly suitable. This is especially true when these compounds each have a degree of polymerization of about 2 to 20 Have units.
- ring opening but can also be triplets or even higher alcohols are used, e.g. Glycerol and trimethylolpropane and their adducts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide with Molecular weights up to 1 500. Polyhydroxyfatty acids are then obtained with more than 2 hydroxyl groups per molecule.
- alcohols e.g. Glycerol and trimethylolpropane and their adducts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide with Molecular weights up to 1 500.
- Polyhydroxyfatty acids are then obtained with more than 2 hydroxyl groups per molecule.
- ring opening can instead of a polyol as hydroxyl groups
- Compound also a hydroxycarboxylic acid are used, e.g. Citric acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, lactic acid. It arises then ester groups instead of ether groups.
- you can also Amines, hydroxyl-bearing amines or aminocarboxylic acids to Ring opening can be used.
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids are also suitable, for example linoleic acid and linolenic acid.
- an aromatic carboxylic acid cinnamic acid may be mentioned.
- the blowing reaction ie the formation of CO2 for the foaming, can be effected both by the reaction of isocyanate groups of the polyisocyanate with water and by the reaction of the isocyanate groups with the carboxylic acid groups of the carboxylic acids.
- the abovementioned starting materials for the PU binder namely polyisocyanate, polyol, polyamine, water, carboxylic acid and catalyst, are used in the following ratios: 0.1 to 1, preferably 0.8 to 1, equivalents of a mixture of polyol are used per equivalent of isocyanate , Polyamine, water and / or carboxylic acid, wherein the ratio of polyol and / or polyamine to water and / or carboxylic acid may be 20: 1 to 1: 20.
- the amount of the reactants polyisocyanate, polyol, polyamine, carboxylic acid and water is especially chosen so that the polyisocyanate is used in excess.
- the equivalent ratio of NCO- to the sum of OH, NH and COOH groups is 5: 1, preferably 2: 1 to 1.2: 1, very particularly preferably an excess of isocyanate of 5 to 50%.
- the amount of catalysts to be used is between 0.0001 and 1.0, preferably between 0.01 and 0.5 equivalents of pyridine or imidazole catalyst. If, on the other hand, only water is used for the blowing reaction, it can be applied to the Adding the above pyridines and imidazoles be omitted. is however, carboxylic acid is the sole propellant, these pyridines and / or Imidazoles in combination with the basic or organometallic compounds listed below Catalysts are used to accelerate the reaction. Puts one polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy or amino carboxylic acids, can on the Addition of a polyol or polyamine are completely dispensed with.
- isocyanate is 0.1 to 1, preferably 0.8 to 1 equivalent Carboxylic acid and 0.0001 to 1.0, preferably 0.001 to 0.5 equivalent of pyridine or Imidazole catalyst.
- the o.g. Amine catalysts preferably in a concentration of 0.05 to 15, in particular from 0.5 to 10 wt .-% be used, based on the sum of hydroxycarboxylic acid and Isocyanate.
- pyridine and imidazole derivatives may be further Catalysts are added.
- isocyanate / polyol and Isocyanate / water reaction may include organometallic compounds such as Tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids, strong bases such as alkali metal hydroxides, alcoholates and phenolates, e.g. Tin II acetate, ethylhexoate and diethylhexoate used become.
- a preferred class of compounds are the dialkyl-tin (IV) carboxylates
- the carboxylic acids have 2, preferably at least 10, in particular 14 to 32 C atoms. It is also possible to use dicarboxylic acids become.
- acids are expressly mentioned: adipic acid, maleic acid, Fumaric acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, pimelic acid, terephthalic acid, Phenylacetic acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and in particular 2-ethylhexane, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids.
- Specific compounds are dibutyl and dioctyltin diacetate, maleate, bis (2-ethylhexoate), dilaurate, tributyltin acetate, bis ( ⁇ -methoxycarbonylethyl) tin dilaurate and bis ( ⁇ -acetyl-ethyl) tin dilaurate.
- Tin oxides and sulfides and thiolates are also useful.
- Specific compounds are: bis (tributyltin) oxide, bis (trioctyltin) oxide, dibutyl and dioctyltin bis (2-ethylhexylthiolate) dibutyl and dioctyltin dodecylthiolate, bis ( ⁇ -methoxycarbonylethyl) tin dodecylthiolate, bis ( ⁇ -acetylthiolate) ethyl) tin bis (2-ethylhexyl thiolate), dibutyl and dioctyl tin dodecyl thiolate, butyl and octyl tin tris (thioglycolic acid 2-ethylhexoate), dibutyl and dioctyltin bis (thioglycolic acid 2-ethylhexoate), tributy
- the trimerization reaction can also be used the isocyanate groups with themselves or with urethane and urea groups to allophanate or biuret groups. You can do this Trimerization catalysts can be used.
- a trimerization catalyst be DABCO TMR-2, etc. of the company called Air Products, which are in Ethylene glycol dissolved quaternary ammonium salts.
- the polyurethane binders of the shaped bodies produced according to the invention have in addition to the amide groups due to the carboxylic acid / isocyanate reaction nor urethane groups from the reaction of the isocyanates with the polyols and / or polyhydroxycarboxylic acids. They also contain urea groups from the reaction of the isocyanates with the optionally present water, the polyamines or aminocarboxylic acids of the system. They also contain ester groups or ether groups from the polyols used.
- auxiliaries are preferably mixed completely or partially with the polyol component.
- auxiliaries means substances which are usually added (in addition to fillers) in small amounts in order to change the properties of the essential components in the desired direction, for example to adapt their processability, storage stability and also performance properties to the specific field of application.
- Suitable fillers are inorganic compounds which are not reactive toward isocyanates, such as chalk, coated chalk, limestone, calcium magnesium carbonates, aluminum oxides and hydroxides, precipitated silica, zeolites, bentonites, glass, ground minerals and other inorganic substances known to the person skilled in the art fillers.
- Preferred fillers are chalk, modified or unmodified. Paraffin waxes are particularly suitable as water repellents.
- release agent As a release agent is called solid or liquid substances that the adhesion forces between two adjoining surfaces, in particular between form and reduce shape, d. H. prevent them from sticking by putting them between Both surfaces form an easily separable film.
- Release agents are in Form of dispersions (emulsions or suspensions), sprays, pastes, powders and permanent, mostly baked release films applied. Latter can be done by spraying, painting or dipping the mold and following Burning be generated. It is preferred in the process according to the invention used at least one internal release agent. Internal release agents are in the Good to be demobilized and have the ability to participate either in the Surface of the molding (molding) enrich or faster Curing the surface to cause it to be between mold wall and Shaped body can come to no composite.
- Release agents are: silicones (in the form of oils, oil emulsions in water, fats and resins), waxes (essentially natural and synthetic paraffins with and without functional groups), metal soaps (metal salts of fatty acids such as calcium, lead, magnesium , Aluminum, zinc stearate), fats, polymers (polyvinyl alcohol, polyesters and polyolefins), fluorocarbons or inorganic release agents in the form of powders (such as graphite, talc and mica). Preference is given to dispersions of waxes, modified silicones and organic polymers in carrier oils, water or alcohols. Particularly preferred internal release agents for foam-forming two-component polyurethane adhesives are commercially available from the company Würtz GmbH & Co. KG, Bingen-Sponsheim under the name PAT release agent.
- Suitable foam stabilizers are, in particular, polyethersiloxanes. These compounds are generally designed so that a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is connected to a Polydimethylsiloxanrest. Of particular interest are branched polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymers, often via allophanate groups. Also suitable are other organospolysiloxanes, oxyethylated alkylphenols, oxyethylated fatty alcohols, and / or paraffin oils.
- Oligomeric polyacrylates having polyoxyalkylene and fluoroalkane radicals as side groups are also suitable for improving the emulsifying action, the dispersion of the filler, the cell structure and / or for stabilizing it. It is also possible to add cell regulators known per se, such as paraffins, fatty alcohols or dimethylpolysiloxanes. Further suitable auxiliaries are pigments or dyes, flame retardants, for example tris-chloroethyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate or ammonium phosphate and polyphosphate, stabilizers against aging and weathering, plasticizers and fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances.
- the shaped body according to the invention is designed as a veneer strip plate.
- the veneer strip plate is composed of 1 to 10 layers, preferably 2 to 8 and particularly preferably 3 to 5 layers. Preferably, it is designed as a three-layer cross-glued Holwerkstoffplatte veneer strips.
- the moldings produced by the process according to the invention are produced as plates or semi-finished products with a thickness of 2 to 40 mm.
- the veneer strip board according to the invention has a thickness of 2 to 40 mm, preferably 2 to 20 mm, in particular 2 to 10 mm.
- the veneer strip board according to the invention is almost free of formaldehyde: MF, UF or MUPF resins are usually used for the production of OSB boards. Accordingly, formaldehyde emission values of between 6.0 and 8.0 mg / 100g are measured on these boards. By contrast, the veneer strip panels according to the invention have formaldehyde emission values between 0.6-0.7 mg / 100 g, this emitted formaldehyde being released directly from the natural product wood.
- the veneer strip boards produced according to the invention have a smooth surface compared with commercially available OSB boards, which corresponds to the quality of MDF boards, chip boards and plywood boards.
- OSB boards which corresponds to the quality of MDF boards, chip boards and plywood boards.
- microscopic examination reveals that the moldings are three-dimensionally microporous foamed and that there are often closed cavities, some of which are honeycomb-shaped.
- a low polyurethane binder content ie between 3 and 10 parts by weight, in particular between 4 and 6 parts by weight of polyurethane binder, based on 100 parts by weight of dried wood with simultaneously low densities, ie between 300 kg / m 3 and 800 kg / m 3 , preferably 400 to 700 kg / m 3 , particularly preferably 450 to 600 kg / m 3 high strength and high flexibility of the plates or semi-finished products are achieved.
- Such veneer strip boards surpass the strength of chipboard, MDF boards or conventional OSB boards, and at least achieve the strength values of the much more expensive plywood boards.
- the moldings according to the invention are suitable for the production of plates or semi-finished products for furniture, kitchen countertops , Floors, walls, stairs or ceilings.
- the present invention therefore also relates to the use of the shaped body of the aforementioned type or prepared in the form of plates, strips, cubes, cuboids, etc.
- the present invention also relates to the use of this shaped body, which is obtainable in the manner described above, as Semi-finished or cladding in the wet or outdoor area, especially in the construction sector.
- the molding according to the invention can be used as packaging material, flooring, in particular as parquet or laminate, as stairs or decorative beams.
- These aforementioned uses of the shaped body preferably relate to the interior fittings of vehicles, in particular of passenger transport vehicles preferably selected from the group: motor vehicles such as passenger cars and camping vehicles or buses, caravans, trams, ships, railways and aircraft.
- the moldings of the invention may be used for decorative purposes in outdoor or domestic and commercial applications, especially in the kitchen and sanitary sector.
- the veneer strip board according to the invention is coated for certain uses, in particular for use in vehicle interiors or as a staircase component.
- the entire top side, the front side and the bottom side of the plate are non-detachably coated or coated with a high-pressure laminate (HPL laminate), an endless laminate (CPL laminate) or a polyesterlarinate.
- HPL laminate high-pressure laminate
- CPL laminate endless laminate
- polyesterlarinate polyesterlarinate
- the respective coating is usually carried out on a postforming system.
- An HPL laminate is pressed under pressure of at least 70 bar and a temperature of about 150 ° C and a CPL laminate under pressure of a maximum of 30 bar at a temperature of about 150 ° C.
- HPL laminates are produced as single plates and CPL laminates in the endless production process. HPL laminates have a thickness of 0.4 mm to over 50 mm.
- CPL laminates can be produced in thicknesses from 0.2 mm to a maximum of 1.2 mm.
- the sheathing or coating can also be formed from epoxy or melamine resins, polyurethane and the like.
- the laminate coating is provided on the upper side with a highly abrasion-resistant, impact-resistant, fire-retardant and non-slip layer.
- a glass fiber layer may additionally be incorporated in the laminate or in the coating.
- compositions are all quantities of parts by weight, if not stated otherwise.
- Tables 1 to 5 show the measured elastic moduli EL and E Qu and flexural strengths BL and B Qu measured 10 days after preparation of the respective plates.
- EL and E Qu here are the elastic moduli along (EL) and transverse (E Qu) in MPa.
- Thick veneer strips 0.6 mm
- a comparable 6 mm thick three-layer plywood board made of melamine-formaldehyde resin has the following values: EL: 8000 MPa, E Qu: 3000 MPa, BL: 65 MPa, B Qu: 40 MPa
- Adhesive amount 6 parts to 100 parts of dried veneer strips
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Abstract
Description
Die wichtigsten Bindemittel sind Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Harze (UF-Harze), Phenol-Formaldeyhd-Harze (PF-Harze), Melamin-Formaldeyhd-Harze (MF-Harze) und Melamin-Harnstoff-Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harze (MUPF-Harze). Als formaldehydfreies Bindemittel hat sich Diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanat (MDI) mit einem hohen Oligomeranteil etabliert.
Die Bindemittel werden häufig in nicht-schäumende (kompakte) und schaumbildende (schäumende; poröse) Bindemittel unterteilt.
Die kompakten Bindemittel werden in der Praxis bevorzugt zur Verklebung von flächigen Substraten eingesetzt, um vollflächige Klebeverbindungen mit hoher Festigkeit zu erreichen. Standfeste pastöse Varianten dieser kompakten Bindemittel kommen zum Einsatz, um spaltüberbrückend zu verkleben.
Schäumende Bindemittel werden dagegen angewendet, wenn geringe Klebefestigkeiten ausreichend sind und wenn spaltüberbrückend zu verkleben ist. Schäumende Bindemittel kommen bevorzugt zum Einsatz, wenn sich die Anwendung von pastösen Klebstoffen zur Hohlraumausfüllung, wie bei der Verklebung von Spänen oder Granulat von Produkten mit niedriger Dichte, nur mit Schwierigkeiten realisieren lässt.
Als Komponente (A) werden zweckmäßigerweise Holzteilchen in Form von Holzspänen oder Holzmehl mit Teilchengrößen von maximal 1 mm Dicke, maximal 20 mm Breite und maximal 50 mm Länge eingesetzt (Seite 13, Zeilen 1 bis 3).
Sie besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern auf der Basis von Polyurethan-Bindemitteln und cellulosehaltigem Material, wobei man
Dem Verklebungsprozeß des Verfahrensschrittes (c) unter Druck und bevorzugt bei erhöhter Temperatur ist vorzugsweise ein Mischen des Polyurethanbindemittels mit dem cellulosehaltigen Material vorgeschaltet (Verfahrensschritt (d)). Verfahrensschritt (d) kann sowohl kontinuierlich als auch diskontinuierlich erfolgen. Die einzelnen Komponenten des Polyurethanbindemittels werden dabei gleichzeitig, bevorzugt aber zeitlich versetzt dem cellulosehaltigen Material zugemischt. Bevorzugt wird zuerst die Polyolkomponente (Harz) mit dem cellulosehaltigen Material vermischt, dann erfolgt die Zugabe der Isocyanatkomponente (Härter), ggf. gefolgt von weiteren Hilfsmitteln, beispielsweise Hydrophobierungsmitteln, jeweils unter kontinuierlicher Durchmischung.
Geeignete Mischvorrichtungen sind Mischtrommeln, bevorzugt mit Schikanen oder Freifallkaskadentrommeln.
Das Einbringen des cellulosehaltigen Materials in eine geeignete Vorrichtung zur Bildung des Formkörpers kann einschichtig erfolgen, erfolgt aber bevorzugt mehrschichtig. Konkret beträgt die Anzahl der Schichten des cellulosehaltigen Materials 1 bis 10, bevorzugt 2 bis 8 und insbesondere bevorzugt 3 bis 5 Schichten. Erfolgt beispielsweise das Einbringen des cellulosehaltigen Materials in 5 Schichten, so wird der daraus nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellte Formkörper als fünfschichtig verleimter Formkörper bezeichnet. Das schichtweise Einbringen erfolgt in eine bestimmte Vorzugsrichtung, bevorzugt erfolgt es kreuzweise.
Als Vorrichtung, in der die Reaktion zwischen cellulosehaltigem Material und Polyurethanbindemittel durchgeführt wird, eignen sich: geschlossene Formen, Formen mit beweglichem Stempel, 1-Etagen- oder Mehretagen-Pressen, Plattenpressen mit oder ohne Form oder Band- oder Doppelbandpressen. Bei letzteren erfolgt die Entspannung des Pressendruckes dadurch, dass der gebildete Formkörper den Druckbereich kontinuierlich verlässt.
Bei der Durchführung des Verfahrens in geschlossenen Formen, in Formen mit beweglichem Stempel oder in Plattenpressen ist es zweckmäßig, dass nach dem Entspannungsschritt das Reaktionsprodukt gekühlt wird und erst nach Abkühlung der formgebenden Vorrichtung entnommen wird. In diesen Fällen kann es nötig sein, den ausreagierten Formkörper erst bei Temperaturen unterhalb von 40°C bis 80°C der formgebenden Vorrichtung zu entnehmen. Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren setzt man bevorzugt druckdichte Formen ein.
Üblicheniveise ist es erforderlich, zwischen der Form und dem Formkörper ein Trennmittel vorzusehen, beispielsweise eine Teflon®-Schicht. In bestimmten Fällen ist es aber bevorzugt, Acmos-Trennmittel für PUR mit den Typenbezeichnungen 39-5001, 39-4487, 37-3200 und 36-3182 einzusetzen. Im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist die Zugabe von internen Trennmitteln bevorzugt.
Bevorzugt beträgt das Verhältnis von Streifenlänge zu Streifenbreite 30:1 bis 6:1, besonders bevorzugt 20:1 bis 6:1 und insbesondere bevorzugt 10:1 bis 7:1.
Besonders bevorzugt weisen die Streifen des cellulosehaltigen Materials eine gleichmäßige Qualität bezüglich der Dicke und Breite auf. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Streifen mit gleichmäßiger Qualität sind aus der DE 197 27 127 C1 und der DE 10035052 C1 bekannt.
Unter cellulosehaltigen Materialien werden Werkstoffe verstanden, die Cellulose als Bestandteil enthalten. Insbesondere umfasst das Merkmal "cellulosehaltige Materialien" Werkstoffe aus Holz.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden als cellulosehaltiges Material Furnierstreifen aus der Gruppe der Nadel- und Laubbaumhölzer eingesetzt. Die Hölzer werden dabei in Weichholzarten und Hartholzarten unterteilt. Aus der Gruppe der Weichholzarten eignen sich Furnierstreifen aus Fichten-, Kiefern-, Tannen-, Lärchen-, Birken-, Erlen-, Roßkastanien-, Föhren-, Espen-, Weiden-, Pappel- oder Linden-Holz.
Aus der Gruppe der Hartholzarten eignen sich Furnierstreifen aus Buchen-, Weißdorn-, Schlehen-, Eschen-, Ahorn-, Nussbaum-, Apfelbaum-, Birnbaum-, Eiben- oder Eichen-Holz. Besonders bevorzugt sind Furnierstreifen aus Birken-, Pappel-, Kiefern- und Fichtenholz.
Der Zweikomponenten-Polyurethan-Klebstoff ist erhältlich durch Umsetzung von mindestens einem Polyisocyanat mit mindestens einem Polyol und/oder Polyamin. Der Zweikomponenten-Polyurethan-Klebstoff enthält während der Reaktion mindestens ein Treibmittel, wobei das Treibmittel eine mikroporöse Struktur in Form eines Polyurethanschaums bewirkt. Der Einsatz des schäumenden Zweikomponenten-Polyurethan-Klebstoffs ist zum einen wichtig für eine Gewichtsreduktion im Vergleich zu kompakten Bindemittelsystemen. Andererseits wird der Schäumdruck auch dazu ausgenutzt, die Durchdringung des zu bindenden cellulosehaltigen Materials in Form von Streifen durch die Komponenten des schäumenden Zweikomponenten-Polyurethan-Klebstoffs zu bewirken. Dabei kann eine chemische Reaktion zwischen dem cellulosehaltigen Material und dem Polyurethanbindemittel erfolgen. Daraus resultiert insgesamt ein sehr fester Verbund zwischen dem Bindemittel und dem cellulosehaltigen Material.
Beispiele für geeignete aromatische Polyisocyanate sind: Alle Isomeren des Toluylendiisocyanats (TDI) entweder in isomerenreiner Form oder als Mischung mehrerer Isomerer, Naphthalin-1,5-diisocyanat, Diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanat (MDI), Diphenylmethan-2,4'-diisocyanat sowie Mischungen des 4,4'-Diphenylmethandiisocyanats mit dem 2,4'-Isomeren oder deren Mischungen mit höherfunktionellen Oligomeren (sogenanntes Roh-MDI), Xylylen-diisocyanat (XDI), 4,4'-Diphenyl-dimethylmethandiisocyanat, Di- und Tetraalkyldiphenylmethandiisocyanat, 4,4'-Dibenzyldiisocyanat, 1,3-Phenylendiisocyanat, 1,4-Phenylendiisocyanat. Beispiele für geeignete cycloaliphatische Polyisocyanate sind die Hydrierungsprodukte der vorgenannten aromatischen Diisocyanate wie z.B. das 4,4'-Dicyclohexylmethandiisocyanat (H12MDI), 1-Isocyanatomethyl-3-isocyanato-1,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexan (Isophoron-Diisocyanat, IPDI), Cyclohexan-1,4-diisocyanat, hydriertes Xylylen-düsocyanat (H6XDI), 1-Methyl-2,4-diisocyanato-cyclohexan, m- oder p-Tetramethylxylendiisocyanat (m-TMXDI, p-TMXDI) und Dimerfettsäure-diisocyanat. Beispiele für aliphatische Polyisocyanate sind Tetramethoxybutan-1,4-diisocyanat, Butan-1,4-diisocyanat, Hexan-1,6-diisocyanat (HDI), 1,6-Diisocyanato-2,2,4-trimethylhexan, 1,6-Diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexan, Butan-1,4-diisocyanat sowie 1,12-Dodecandiisocyanat (C12DI).
Weiterhin sind als Polyole die flüssigen Polyester geeignet, die durch Kondensation von Di- bzw. Tricarbonsäuren, wie z.B. Adipinsäure, Sebacinsäure, Glutarsäure, Azelainsäure, Hexahydrophthalsäure oder Phthalsäure mit niedermolekularen Diolen bzw. Triolen wie z.B. Ethylenglykol, Propylenglykol, Diethylenglycol, Triethylenglycol, Dipropylenglycol, 1,4-Butandiol, 1,6-Hexandiol, 1,10-Decandiol, Glyzerin oder Trimethylolpropan hergestellt werden können.
Bevorzugte Dihydroxyfettsäuren sind:
Als konkretes Beispiel für eine aromatische Carbonsäure sei die Zimtsäure genannt. Die Treib-Reaktion, d. h. die CO2-Bildung für die Aufschäumung kann sowohl durch die Reaktion von Isocyanatgruppen des Polyisocyanats mit Wasser als auch durch die Reaktion der Isocyanatgruppen mit den Carbonsäuregruppen der Carbonsäuren erfolgen.
Die Menge der Reaktionspartner Polyisocyanat, Polyol, Polyamin, Carbonsäure und Wasser wird insbesondere so gewählt, dass das Polyisocyanat im Überschuß eingesetzt wird. Das Äquivalentverhältnis von NCO- zur Summe aus OH-, NH-und COOH-Gruppen beträgt 5:1, vorzugsweise 2:1 bis 1,2:1, ganz besonders bevorzugt ist ein Isocyanat-Überschuß von 5 bis 50 %.
Als Füllstoffe geeignet sind gegenüber Isocyanaten nicht reaktive anorganische Verbindungen wie Kreide, beschichtete Kreide, Kalkmehl, Calcium-Magnesium-Carbonate, Aluminiumoxide und -hydroxide, gefällte Kieselsäure, Zeolithe, Bentonite, Glas, gemahlene Mineralien sowie andere dem auf dem Arbeitsgebiet tätigen Fachmann bekannte anorganische Füllstoffe. Bevorzugte Füllstoffe sind Kreide, modifiziert oder unmodifiziert.
Als Hydrophobierungsmittel eignen sich insbesondere Paraffinwachse.
Insbesonders bevorzugte interne Trennmittel für schaumbildende Zweikomponenten-Polyurethan-Klebstoffe sind kommerziell von der Firma Würtz GmbH & Co. KG, Bingen-Sponsheim unter der Bezeichnung PAT-Trennmittel erhältlich.
Weitere geeignete Hilfsmittel sind Pigmente oder Farbstoffe, Flammschutzmittel, z.B. Tris-chlorethylphosphat, Trikresylphosphat oder Ammoniumphosphat und - polyphosphat, Stabilisatoren gegen Alterungs- und Witterungseinflüsse, Weichmacher sowie fungistatisch und bakteriostatisch wirkende Substanzen.
- Er kann in beliebiger Form, also maßgeschneidert, beispielsweise in Form von Platten, Leisten, Würfeln, Quadern usw. hergestellt werden.
- Er ist als Leichtbaustoff geeignet, da er üblicherweise - in Abhängigkeit vom Druck, der Beschaffenheit der celluloshaltigen Materialien, insbesondere der Hölzer (Größe und Größenverteilung) sowie der Polyurethanbindemittelmenge und Polyurethanbindemittelzusammensetzung - eine Dichte von 300 kg/m3 bis 800 kg/m3, bevorzugt von 400 kg/m3 bis 700 kg/m3, insbesondere von 450 bis 600 kg/m3 aufweist.
- Er ist ein neuer Werkstoff, insbesondere eine Alternative zu Sperrhölzern aller Art.
- Die mechanischen Eigenschaften liegen auf hohem Niveau, insbesondere die Festigkeiten und Elastizitätswerte übertreffen die von Sperrhölzern.
- Der Formkörper besitzt eine sehr hohe Schraubenauszugsfestigkeit
- Er ist weiter so formstabil, dass man Gewinde hineinschneiden kann.
- Er ist ohne weiteres lackierbar.
- Er zeichnet sich durch eine hervorragende Wasserbeständigkeit aus.
- Alle Gebrauchseigenschaften des Formkörpers sind trotz unterschiedlicher Feuchtegehalte des eingesetzten cellulosehaltigen Materials gut zu reproduzieren, da sich die Schaumbildung des Polyurethanbindemittels entsprechend justieren lässt.
Bei den Holzwerkstoffplatten wird folgende Unterscheidung getroffen:
Die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Formkörper werden als Platten oder Halbzeuge mit 2 bis 40 mm Dicke hergestellt. Die erfindungsgemäße Furnierstreifen-Platte weist eine Dicke von 2 bis 40 mm, vorzugsweise 2 bis 20 mm, insbesondere 2 bis 10 mm auf.
Für die Herstellung von OSB-Platten werden üblicherweise MF-, UF- oder MUPF-Harze eingesetzt, entsprechend werden an diesen Platten Formaldehyd-Emissionswerte zwischen 6,0 - 8,0 mg/100g gemessen. Die erfindungsgemäßen Furnierstreifen-Platten weisen hingegen Formaldehyd-Emissionswerte zwischen 0,6-0,7 mg/100 g auf, wobei dieses emittierte Formaldehyd direkt vom Naturprodukt Holz abgegeben wird.
Selbst bei niedrigem Polyurethanbindemittelgehalt, d. h. zwischen 3 bis 10 Gewichtsanteilen, insbesondere zwischen 4 und 6 Gewichtsanteilen Polyurethanbindemittel, bezogen auf 100 Gewichtsanteile getrocknetes Holz bei gleichzeitig niedrigen Dichten, d. h. zwischen 300 kg/m3 und 800 kg/m3, bevorzugt 400 bis 700 kg/m3, insbesondere bevorzugt 450 bis 600 kg/m3 werden hohe Festigkeiten und hohe Flexibilität der Platten bzw. Halbzeuge erzielt. Derartige Furnierstreifen-Platten übertreffen die Festigkeit von Spanplatten, MDF-Platten oder herkömmlichen OSB-Platten und erreichen mindestens die Festigkeitswerte der wesentlich teureren Sperrholzplatten.
Aufgrund eines deutlich niedrigeren Gewichtes und anderer physikalischer Eigenschaften, wie einer sehr hohen Biegefestigkeit oder einer sehr hohen Schraubenauszugsfestigkeit und auch ihres deutlich geringeren Quellverhaltens eigenen sich die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Formkörper, insbesondere die erfindungsgemäßen Furnierstreifen-Platten, zur Herstellung von Platten oder Halbzeugen für Möbel, Küchenarbeitsplatten, Böden, Wänden, Treppen oder Decken.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft daher auch die Verwendung des Formkörpers der vorgenannten Art oder hergestellt gemäß vorstehender Art in Form von Platten, Leisten, Würfeln, Quadern usw.. Weiter betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung auch die Verwendung dieses Formkörpers, der nach vorbeschriebener Art erhältlich ist, als Halbzeug oder Verkleidung im Feucht- oder Außen-Bereich, insbesondere im Baubereich. Außerdem kann der erfindungsgemäße Formkörper als Verpackungsmaterial, Bodenbelag, insbesondere als Parkett oder Laminat, als Treppenstufen oder Dekorbalken, verwendet werden. Diese vorgenannten Verwendungen des Formkörpers betreffen bevorzugt den Innenausbau von Fahrzeugen, insbesondere von Fahrzeugen zur Personenbeförderung bevorzugt ausgewählt aus der Gruppe: Kraftfahrzeuge wie Personenkraftfahrzeuge und Campingfahrzeuge oder Busse, Wohnwagen, Straßenbahnen, Schiffe, Eisenbahnen und Flugzeuge. Alternativ können die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper für dekorative Zwecke im Außenbereich oder im Haushalts- und gewerblichen Bereich, insbesondere im Küchen- und Sanitärbereich eingesetzt werden.
Ein HPL-Laminat wird unter Druck von mindestens 70 bar und einer Temperatur von ca. 150°C und ein CPL-Laminat unter Druck von maximal 30 bar bei einer Temperatur von ca. 150°C verpresst. HPL-Laminate werden als Einzelplatten und CPL-Laminate im Endlosproduktionsverfahren hergestellt. HPL-Laminate haben eine Dicke von 0,4 mm bis über 50 mm. CPL-Laminate können in Dicken von 0,2 mm bis maximal 1,2 mm hergestellt werden.
Anstelle eines HPL-, CPL- oder Polyesterlaminats kann die Ummantelung bzw. Beschichtung auch aus Epoxyd- oder Melaminharzen, Polyurethan und dgl. gebildet sein. Vorzugsweise ist die Laminatbeschichtung oberseitig mit einer hochabriebfesten, schlagkratzfesten, feuerhemmenden sowie rutschstabilen Schicht versehen. Zur Erhöhung der Oberflächenstabilität kann in das Laminat bzw. in die Beschichtung zusätzlich eine Glasfaserschicht eingearbeitet sein.
E L und E Qu sind hierbei die Elastizitätsmoduli längs (E L) bzw. quer (E Qu) in MPa.
Es wurden 3, 4, 6 und 10 Anteile Klebstoff eingesetzt. Diese Anteile wurden jeweils zu 100 Teilen getrockneter Furnierstreifen gegeben.
| Klebstoffanteile | 3 | 4 | ||||||
| Klebstoff | E L | E Qu | B L | B Qu | E L | E Qu | B Qu | B Qu |
| K 1 | 9200 | 6200 | 85 | 68 | 12600 | 9000 | 109 | 82 |
| K 2 | 3000 | 1200 | 25 | 15 | 4200 | 1800 | 32 | 20 |
| K 3 | 2600 | 1100 | 22 | 12 | 6000 | 3350 | 60 | 31 |
| K 4 | 2000 | 1000 | 17 | 10 | 3500 | 1900 | 28 | 16 |
| Klebstoffanteile | 6 | 10 | ||||||
| Klebstoff | E L | E Qu | B L | B Qu | E L | E Qu | B Qu | B Qu |
| K 1 | 13000 | 9300 | 110 | 84 | 13000 | 9400 | 111 | 84 |
| K 2 | 4600 | 2000 | 34 | 23 | 6500 | 2900 | 44 | 30 |
| K 3 | 9500 | 4600 | 85 | 43 | 11100 | 5300 | 88 | 45 |
| K 4 | 5500 | 3000 | 51 | 26 | 7900 | 4100 | 62 | 33 |
Eine vergleichbare mit Melamin-Formaldehyd-Harz hergestellte dreischichtige Sperrholzplatte mit einer Dicke von 6 mm hat folgende Werte:
| E L: 8000 MPa, | E Qu : 3000 MPa, |
| B L: 65 MPa, | B Qu: 40 MPa |
| mittlere Furnierstreifen dicke in mm | 0,4 | 0,6 | 0,9 | |||||||||
| Klebstoff | EL | EL Qu | BL Qu | BL Qu | EL | E Qu | BL | B Qu | EL | E Qu | BL | B Qu |
| K 1 | 14100 | 9800 | 115 | 90 | 13000 | 9300 | 110 | 84 | 10600 | 7500 | 88 | 61 |
| K 3 | 8500 | 3900 | 75 | 37 | 9500 | 4600 | 85 | 43 | 8300 | 4000 | 71 | 35 |
| K 4 | 4400 | 2300 | 43 | 20 | 5500 | 3000 | 51 | 26 | 5000 | 2700 | 45 | 22 |
| ohne Hydrophobierungsmittel | ||||||||
| vor Wasserlagerung | nach Wasserlagerung | |||||||
| Klebstoff | E L | E Qu | B L | B Qu | E L | E Qu | B Qu | B Qu |
| K 1 | 13000 | 9300 | 110 | 84 | 12600 | 9100 | 108 | 84 |
| K 3 | 9500 | 4600 | 85 | 43 | 8500 | 4000 | 79 | 39 |
| K 4 | 5500 | 3000 | 51 | 26 | 5000 | 2800 | 46 | 22 |
| mit Hydrophobierungsmittel | ||||||||
| vor Wasserlagerung | nach Wasserlagerung | |||||||
| Klebstoff | E L | E Qu | B L | B Qu | E L | E Qu | B Qu | B Qu |
| K 1 | 12800 | 9100 | 107 | 83 | 12650 | 9000 | 105 | 83 |
| K 3 | 9400 | 4200 | 82 | 41 | 8600 | 4000 | 79 | 38 |
| K 4 | 5400 | 30000 | 50 | 25 | 5200 | 2800 | 46 | 23 |
Claims (14)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern auf Basis von Polyurethanbindemitteln und cellulosehaltigem Material, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mana) als Polyurethanbindemittel mindestens einen schaumbildenden Zweikomponenten-Polyurethan-Klebstoff auswählt,b) das cellulosehaltige Material in Form von Streifen mit einer Dicke von 0,3 mm bis 1,5 mm, bevorzugt einer Dicke von 0,4 mm bis 0,8 mm, einer Länge von 80 bis 300 mm, bevorzugt einer Länge von 100 bis 250 mm, und einer Breite von 10 bis 45 mm, bevorzugt 15 bis 25 mm auswählt,c) das cellulosehaltige Material und das Polyurethanbindemittel unter einem Druck von 1×105 bis 15×106 Pa (0,1 MPa bis 15 MPa), bevorzugt von 1×106 bis 10×106 Pa (1 MPa bis 10 MPa) miteinander verklebt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man den Gewichtsanteil des Polyurethanbindemittels auf 0,5 bis 25 Gewichtsanteile, bevorzugt 1,0 bis 15 Gewichtsanteile und insbesondere bevorzugt 1,5 bis 10 Gewichtsanteile auf 100 Gewichtsanteile cellulosehaltiges Material einstellt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man den Verfahrensschritt (c) bei einer Temperatur von 60 bis 230 °C, bevorzugt bei einer Temperatur von 80 bis 160 °C durchführt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das cellulosehaltige Material Furnierstreifen sind, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Nadel- und Laubbaumhölzer, insbesondere aus der Gruppe der Birken-, Pappel-, Kiefer- Fichtenhölzer.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Polyurethanbindemittel und/oder dem cellulosehaltigem Material mindestens ein Hilfsmittel aus der Gruppe: Füllstoffe, Hydrophobierungsmittel, Trennmittel, Stabilisatoren zugegeben wird, wobei bevorzugt als Hilfsmittel mindestens ein internes Trennmittel zugegeben wird.
- Formkörper, hergestellt nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5.
- Formkörper nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er als Würfel, Quader, Platte, Leiste oder Zylinder ausgestaltet ist.
- Formkörper nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er als Furnierstreifen-Platte ausgestaltet ist.
- Furnierstreifen-Platte nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie aus 1 bis 10, bevorzugt 2 bis 8 und insbesondere bevorzugt 3 bis 5 Schichten aufgebaut ist.
- Furnierstreifen-Platte nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platte eine Dicke von 2 bis 40 mm, vorzugsweise 2 bis 20 mm, insbesondere 2 bis 10 mm aufweist.
- Furnierstreifen-Platte nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Dichte von 300 kg/m3 bis 800 kg/m3, bevorzugt von 400 kg/m3 bis 700 kg/m3, insbesondere von 450 bis 600 kg/m3 aufweist.
- Verwendung des Formkörpers nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 11 als Halbzeug oder Verkleidung im Feuchtbereich oder Außenbereich, insbesondere im Baubereich.
- Verwendung des Formkörpers nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 11 für die Herstellung von Möbeln, Küchenarbeitsplatten, Böden, Wänden, Treppen oder Decken.
- Verwendung des Formkörpers nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 11 für den Innenausbau in Fahrzeugen, insbesondere in Fahrzeugen zur Personenbeförderung, bevorzugt ausgewählt aus der Gruppe: Busse, Schiffe, Eisenbahnen und Flugzeuge sowie in Campingfahrzeugen und Wohnwagen.
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| DE102004019529 | 2004-04-22 | ||
| DE200410019529 DE102004019529A1 (de) | 2004-04-22 | 2004-04-22 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern auf Basis von Polyurethan-Bindemitteln und cellulosehaltigem Material |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2011015376A1 (de) * | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-10 | Resopal Gmbh | Schaumstoff-paneel |
| WO2011133755A1 (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2011-10-27 | Castagra Products, Inc. | Fibrous plasticized gypsum composition |
| WO2012042027A1 (de) * | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-05 | Doka Industrie Gmbh | Holzverbundwerkstoff |
| WO2020046891A1 (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2020-03-05 | Basf Se | Lignocellulosic composite articles |
| EP4289617A1 (de) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-12-13 | Metsäliitto Osuuskunta | Mehrschichtige kernplatte, tür und verfahren zur herstellung eines mehrschichtigen kerns |
| CN118358014A (zh) * | 2019-03-15 | 2024-07-19 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 木质纤维素复合制品 |
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| DE102007016791A1 (de) * | 2007-04-05 | 2008-10-09 | Heraeus Kulzer Gmbh | Schaumbildende, sich verfestigende Zusammensetzungen zur Abformung von Oberflächen und dafür geeignete Abformlöffel |
| DE102008026266A1 (de) | 2008-06-02 | 2009-12-03 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Formkörper aus verklebten Granulaten |
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| WO1997003794A1 (de) * | 1995-07-17 | 1997-02-06 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Polymerholz-formkörper, ihre herstellung und verwendung |
| US6035910A (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2000-03-14 | Inter-Wood Maschinen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process and apparatus for producing narrow veneer strips |
| WO1999030882A1 (de) * | 1997-12-17 | 1999-06-24 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Formkörper aus holzteilchen und pu-bindemittel, ihre herstellung und verwendung |
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| WO2011015376A1 (de) * | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-10 | Resopal Gmbh | Schaumstoff-paneel |
| WO2011133755A1 (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2011-10-27 | Castagra Products, Inc. | Fibrous plasticized gypsum composition |
| WO2012042027A1 (de) * | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-05 | Doka Industrie Gmbh | Holzverbundwerkstoff |
| CN103153562A (zh) * | 2010-10-01 | 2013-06-12 | 多卡工业有限责任公司 | 木质复合材料 |
| JP2013541444A (ja) * | 2010-10-01 | 2013-11-14 | ドカ・インデュストリー・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | 木質複合材、その製造方法およびそれを含む製品 |
| RU2541652C2 (ru) * | 2010-10-01 | 2015-02-20 | Дока Индустри Гмбх | Древесно-композитный материал |
| CN103153562B (zh) * | 2010-10-01 | 2016-03-09 | 多卡工业有限责任公司 | 木质复合材料 |
| WO2020046891A1 (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2020-03-05 | Basf Se | Lignocellulosic composite articles |
| CN118358014A (zh) * | 2019-03-15 | 2024-07-19 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 木质纤维素复合制品 |
| EP4289617A1 (de) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-12-13 | Metsäliitto Osuuskunta | Mehrschichtige kernplatte, tür und verfahren zur herstellung eines mehrschichtigen kerns |
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| DE102004019529A1 (de) | 2005-11-10 |
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