EP1581330A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur abreicherung von kohlendioxid aus luft - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur abreicherung von kohlendioxid aus luftInfo
- Publication number
- EP1581330A1 EP1581330A1 EP03814459A EP03814459A EP1581330A1 EP 1581330 A1 EP1581330 A1 EP 1581330A1 EP 03814459 A EP03814459 A EP 03814459A EP 03814459 A EP03814459 A EP 03814459A EP 1581330 A1 EP1581330 A1 EP 1581330A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- carbon dioxide
- membrane
- air flow
- room unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a driving and a directional depletion of carbon dioxide from the air in closed or partially closed room units, optionally with simultaneous oxygenation.
- the depletion of the CO content can advantageously be combined with further measures to improve the indoor climate, for example with the enrichment of the room air with oxygen and the air conditioning.
- Usual oxygen enrichment methods for improving the air quality in closed air circuits and rooms or cabins are mostly based on pure oxygen enrichment devices such as pressure swing adsorption systems or hollow fiber membrane modules. Corresponding devices are described, for example, in US Pat. 4,867,766, U.S. 5,890,366, U.S. 6,427,484, U.S. 5,158,584 and U.S. 4,896,514. Some of the above prior art devices provide air conditioning of the oxygen enriched air. Systems have also been proposed (for example DE 195 45 764) which remove carbon dioxide with adsorbers. However, this technology has the disadvantage of simultaneously dehumidifying the air. The consequence is either a very complex regeneration of the adsorber with hot air or vacuum and a separate humidification of the room air, or a disposal of used adsorber cartridges, which makes the corresponding systems uneconomical for most applications.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a method and an associated device for regulating the carbon dioxide content in closed or partially closed air circuits and rooms or cabins, in particular for depleting the carbon dioxide content, which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
- Another object of the present invention was to provide a method and an associated device for the depletion of carbon dioxide from air in closed or at least partially closed room units, which enables simultaneous enrichment of the air with oxygen.
- a method for depleting carbon dioxide in the air from a closed or partially closed room unit comprising the following steps:
- Membrane module with a CO 2 / O selectivity greater than 1;
- a method for the oxygen enrichment of air with simultaneous depletion of carbon dioxide in a closed or partially closed room unit comprising the following steps:
- Extracting a first air stream from the room unit Directing the first air stream into a membrane system containing at least one membrane module with a CO 2 / O 2 selectivity of greater than 1; Removal of the carbon dioxide permeated through the membrane;
- Oxygen enrichment system that generates an oxygen enriched and a nitrogen enriched air flow; Supplying the oxygen-enriched air flow into the room unit; and separate removal of the nitrogen-enriched air stream.
- a device for the depletion of carbon dioxide in the air from a closed or partially closed room unit comprising:
- Devices for extracting an air flow from the room unit Devices for introducing the air flow into a membrane system containing at least one membrane module with a CO 2 / O 2 selectivity of greater than 1;
- a device for oxygen enrichment of air with simultaneous depletion of carbon dioxide in closed or partially closed circuits comprising: devices for removing a first air stream from the room unit;
- oxygen-enriched and “nitrogen-enriched” each refer to an air composition which has a higher volume percentage of oxygen or nitrogen than natural air.
- Carbon dioxide enriched or “carbon dioxide depleted” is understood to mean an air composition with an increased or decreased volume percentage of carbon dioxide relative to the starting air composition before treatment in the membrane system.
- a “membrane module” is understood to mean a suitable geometric arrangement of membrane surfaces in the form of an assembly, the retentate-side or inflow-side and permeate-side or outflow-side regions are separated from one another in terms of flow technology, so that an essentially continuous mass transfer between retentate side or inflow side and permeate side or The outflow side of the membranes essentially only through
- Permeation through the membrane can take place.
- the usable in the invention membrane module due to the possible high packing densities of more than lOOOmVm 3, preferably more than 1500 m 2 / m 3 and especially more than 2000m 2 / m 3 advantageously with very small dimensions can be used.
- a “membrane system” in the sense of the invention is an arrangement of at least one, preferably a plurality of membrane modules, equipped with suitable devices for supplying and extracting air or other gas mixtures to the upstream side of the membranes or membrane modules, and devices for removing permeated gases from the downstream side of the membranes or membrane modules.
- oxygen enrichment which makes sense from a health and economic point of view primarily depends on a functioning interplay between the
- the present invention enables both an effective and economical regulation of the CO 2 content in room air, and, in a preferred embodiment, an essentially simultaneous enrichment of oxygen and depletion of carbon dioxide, advantageously with the simultaneous depletion of further odorous substances and a possible regulation of Humidity and temperature.
- the present invention is based on making use of the higher permeation of CO 2 molecules through certain membranes relative to oxygen. This predominantly kinetic effect enables a highly selective and therefore very economical separation even with very small volume percentages of gases to be separated.
- such a device or a method is provided for the first time, which can effectively reduce the CO content of the air without an adsorber.
- the method according to the invention and the device for carbon dioxide depletion can also be combined simply and effectively with other methods of improving the air quality.
- the combination of an efficient method of oxygen enrichment (or nitrogen depletion) by means of an oxygen enrichment system suitable for this purpose, with the appropriate method of the selective depletion of carbon dioxide according to the invention is particularly advantageous. It has surprisingly been found that the combination of a continuously operating membrane system containing membranes which have a high carbon dioxide selectivity and via which a major amount of carbon dioxide can be discharged from the circuit, for example with a conventional pressure swing adsorption unit or membrane process by which the nitrogen from a Air circuit can be discharged, or the air is enriched with oxygen, is highly effective with low operating costs of the continuously operated device.
- a (first) air flow is extracted from a room unit by means of suitable devices, for example via a corresponding suction device or a ventilation blower.
- a room unit in the sense of the invention can be any essentially closed or at least partially delimitable air contingent, for example the air in a room, a building, a (pressure) cabin in a motor vehicle, aircraft, ship or train, a tent , below a mosquito net, with breathing air systems, diving suits,
- This first air flow taken from the room unit is then passed, for example, via suitably dimensioned and procured pipes, hoses or air channels into a membrane system which has at least one membrane, usually a complete membrane module, consisting of a suitable assembly of membranes with preferably high CO 2 / O 2 -Selectivity led.
- a membrane system which has at least one membrane, usually a complete membrane module, consisting of a suitable assembly of membranes with preferably high CO 2 / O 2 -Selectivity led.
- the CO / O 2 selectivity of the membrane module or the membranes contained therein greater than 1, for example 1.1 or 1.5, particularly preferably greater than 2.
- the CO 2 / O 2 selectivity is understood as the ratio of the relative permeation speeds of CO to O through the membrane, so that a CO / O 2 selectivity of greater than 1 means that carbon dioxide permeates through the membrane faster than Oxygen.
- a CO 2 / O 2 selectivity greater than 2 means that the permeation rate of carbon dioxide through the membrane is more than twice as high as the permeation rate of oxygen.
- the CO 2 / O selectivity in the membrane systems which can be used according to the invention is particularly preferably greater than 3, in particular greater than 5.
- Membrane systems with CO 2 -selective membrane modules which are suitable according to the invention include membranes consisting of carbon membranes, ceramic membranes
- Membranes plastic membranes, as well as combinations and / or composites of these membranes.
- Corresponding selective membranes or membrane modules for a membrane system which can be used in the present invention are described, for example, in DE 10 013 457, WO 01/68533, DE 10 051 910, WO 02/32558 and DE 19 849 216 and WO 00/24500.
- the membranes, membrane systems and membrane modules described there are, in principle, also suitable as membranes and in membrane modules in the membrane system used in the present invention, if appropriate after appropriate modification of the physicochemical properties.
- membranes or membrane modules made of pyrolytically produced carbon-based material are preferred, such as the materials described in WO 02/32558 and produced by the methods described therein, including the ceramic materials mentioned therein.
- Transition metal salts by incorporating metals, in particular transition or noble metals, or by coating the membrane surfaces with membrane-active plastic layers.
- Membranes used according to the invention can, for example, have the following
- the person skilled in the art will dimension the membrane system accordingly, depending on the total amount of air to be treated, so that there is sufficient membrane area to remove a sufficient amount of carbon dioxide from the first air stream by permeation through the membrane.
- the combined membrane modules can have identical or different CO 2 / O 2 selectivities, for example the combination of one or more membrane modules with a lower CO / O 2 selectivity for pre-enrichment of CO 2 in the permeate with one or more modules with a CO / O 2 selectivity greater than 1, which may also have different membrane area sizes.
- carbon dioxide will permeate (permeate) primarily due to its higher permeation rate than oxygen.
- the non-permeated, now carbon dioxide-depleted remainder of the first air stream that was retained by the membrane is e.g. discharged again via a retentate-side outlet opening of the membrane system and passed back in a circuit via appropriate devices, for example fans or pumps, back into the room unit from which the (first) air stream was removed.
- the carbon dioxide permeated through the membrane is removed on the permeate side of the membrane / membrane module.
- Removal can be carried out in one embodiment of the invention by suction or vacuum or vacuum on the permeate side of the membrane system using suitable devices, e.g. Pumps.
- the permeated carbon dioxide can also be removed by absorption in suitable liquid absorbers such as, for example, organic amines, alcohol amines and the like. Diethanolamine is preferred.
- suitable liquid absorbers such as, for example, organic amines, alcohol amines and the like. Diethanolamine is preferred.
- the permeated carbon dioxide is removed with a purge gas stream.
- the purge gas is supplied and discharged via suitable devices, for example pumps and / or fans. Air, for example fresh air, from outside the circuit is usually used as the purge gas.
- any other suitable gas or gas mixture can also be used, for example also the nitrogen-enriched air from the oxygen enrichment system.
- the oxygen enrichment system which can be used according to the invention can be any system known from the prior art for enriching oxygen from air.
- oxygen enrichment systems which can be used according to the invention are pressure swing adsorption systems and hollow fiber membrane modules which, depending on the construction and membrane material used, can be operated with overpressure or with underpressure, for example by applying a vacuum.
- Corresponding pressure swing adsorption devices and methods which can be used in the present invention are, for example, devices based on zeolite adsorption agents such as those described in US Pat. No. 4,685,939. Further suitable pressure swing adsorption devices which can be used in the present invention as an oxygen enrichment system are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,890,366, as described in US Pat. No. 4,896,514 and in US Pat. No. 4,867,766.
- Hollow fiber membrane-based systems which can be used according to the invention as an oxygen enrichment system are described, for example, in DE 19 645 764 and in US Pat. No. 5,158,584.
- Plastic separation membrane systems as described in US Pat. No. 6,427,484 can also be used in the method and apparatus of the present invention.
- membrane-based air separation devices based on zeolite membranes, zeolite mixed-matrix systems, carbon or polymer membranes can also be used for the oxygen enrichment system to be used according to the invention.
- a second air stream is preferably supplied to the oxygen enrichment system in a suitable manner, from which the oxygen enrichment system generates an oxygen-enriched air stream and a nitrogen-enriched air stream.
- the nitrogen-enriched air flow is suitably diverted or discarded.
- the oxygen-enriched air stream is supplied to the room unit in addition to or together with the carbon dioxide-depleted first air stream. It is preferred that the carbon dioxide-depleted first air stream is returned to the Room unit is combined with the oxygen-enriched air flow from the oxygen enrichment system.
- the device according to the invention comprises O sensors, CO sensors or air quality sensors as well as computer-aided control devices coupled therewith for setting the volume flows of the air flows returned from the membrane system and the oxygen enrichment system into the room unit.
- O sensors O sensors
- CO sensors or air quality sensors as well as computer-aided control devices coupled therewith for setting the volume flows of the air flows returned from the membrane system and the oxygen enrichment system into the room unit.
- computer-aided control devices coupled therewith for setting the volume flows of the air flows returned from the membrane system and the oxygen enrichment system into the room unit.
- the second air flow can originate from fresh or ambient air, for example in rooms or buildings from outside air.
- the first air stream has a larger volume than the second air stream. It is preferred that the volume ratio of the first air flow to the second air flow is in the range from 500: 1 to 2: 1.
- the first air flow and the second air flow or the oxygen-enriched air flow resulting therefrom can be via a Activated carbon filters are passed to remove desired odors, dust and the like. In particular, this also serves to pre-clean the air volumes in order to keep the membrane performance constant and to prevent the pores from blocking early.
- the membranes can be cleaned or regenerated from time to time in the membrane system according to the invention.
- electrically conductive membrane modules e.g. at
- Carbon-based membranes this can e.g. through inductive electrical
- Resistance heating takes place, whereby the membranes are heated in such a way that contaminants evaporate or are oxidatively broken down.
- other heating sources can also be used to thermally clean the membranes, e.g.
- Hot air blowers radiators, infrared radiation, radiant tubes, tube lamps, electrical heating conductors, induction heating and the like.
- the cleaning by means of compressed air or the passage of solvents through the membrane systems can also be used in some embodiments.
- the membranes can also be cleaned and, if necessary, sterilized by means of suitable oxidizing agents, for example ozone or gamma radiation.
- suitable oxidizing agents for example ozone or gamma radiation.
- FIG. 1 shows an essentially closed room unit AB, from which a first air stream la with an increased carbon dioxide content is taken and fed to the purge gas membrane system M1.
- the purge gas membrane system due to its higher permeation rate, carbon dioxide preferably permeates through the membrane module (not shown), and one
- Air depleted in carbon dioxide remains on the retentate side of the membrane module. This retained air flow lb, depleted of CO 2 , is returned to the room unit AB.
- the CO 2 permeated through the membranes of the membrane module (or the air that occurs on the permeate side with a significantly increased CO 2 content) is removed as a carbon dioxide-laden purge gas flow ID from the purge gas membrane system Ml by means of a purge gas stream lc.
- a second air flow 2a is introduced into an oxygen enrichment system M2, which generates a nitrogen-enriched air flow 2c, which is discharged, and an oxygen-enriched air flow 2b, which is introduced into the room unit AB, in order to increase the relative oxygen content of the air there.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
- Air Filters, Heat-Exchange Apparatuses, And Housings Of Air-Conditioning Units (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10300141A DE10300141A1 (de) | 2003-01-07 | 2003-01-07 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Sauerstoffanreicherung von Luft bei gleichzeitiger Abreicherung von Kohlendioxid |
DE10300141 | 2003-01-07 | ||
PCT/EP2003/007533 WO2004060538A1 (de) | 2003-01-07 | 2003-07-11 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur abreicherung von kohlendioxid aus luft |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1581330A1 true EP1581330A1 (de) | 2005-10-05 |
Family
ID=32519630
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03814459A Withdrawn EP1581330A1 (de) | 2003-01-07 | 2003-07-11 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur abreicherung von kohlendioxid aus luft |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7601202B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1581330A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2006512946A (de) |
CN (1) | CN100379486C (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003254338A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR0317946A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2527868A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10300141A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004060538A1 (de) |
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- 2003-01-07 DE DE10300141A patent/DE10300141A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-07-11 WO PCT/EP2003/007533 patent/WO2004060538A1/de active Application Filing
- 2003-07-11 CN CNB038257734A patent/CN100379486C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-11 JP JP2004564186A patent/JP2006512946A/ja active Pending
- 2003-07-11 AU AU2003254338A patent/AU2003254338A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-11 CA CA002527868A patent/CA2527868A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-11 BR BR0317946-0A patent/BR0317946A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-07-11 EP EP03814459A patent/EP1581330A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2005
- 2005-07-07 US US11/176,611 patent/US7601202B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Title |
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See references of WO2004060538A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7601202B2 (en) | 2009-10-13 |
BR0317946A (pt) | 2005-11-29 |
CN1723074A (zh) | 2006-01-18 |
US20080127821A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
DE10300141A1 (de) | 2004-07-15 |
WO2004060538A1 (de) | 2004-07-22 |
CA2527868A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
AU2003254338A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
JP2006512946A (ja) | 2006-04-20 |
CN100379486C (zh) | 2008-04-09 |
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