EP1579019A2 - Composants de pulverisation nickel/vanadium de purete elevee et procede de fabrication de composants de pulverisation - Google Patents

Composants de pulverisation nickel/vanadium de purete elevee et procede de fabrication de composants de pulverisation

Info

Publication number
EP1579019A2
EP1579019A2 EP03783754A EP03783754A EP1579019A2 EP 1579019 A2 EP1579019 A2 EP 1579019A2 EP 03783754 A EP03783754 A EP 03783754A EP 03783754 A EP03783754 A EP 03783754A EP 1579019 A2 EP1579019 A2 EP 1579019A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vanadium
nickel
sputtering
sputtering component
grain size
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03783754A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wei Guo
Stephen P. Turner
Edward F. Cawley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honeywell International Inc
Original Assignee
Honeywell International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Honeywell International Inc filed Critical Honeywell International Inc
Publication of EP1579019A2 publication Critical patent/EP1579019A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
    • C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
    • H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
    • H01J37/3411—Constructional aspects of the reactor
    • H01J37/3414—Targets
    • H01J37/3426—Material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to high purity nickel/vanadium sputtering components (such as sputtering targets).
  • the invention also relates to methods of making sputtering components.
  • Nickel/vanadium materials have numerous applications in the semiconductor industry. For instance, the materials can be used in barrier/adhesion layers for under- bump metals to support flip chips, or in C4 (collapsed, controlled, chip connection) assemblies.
  • a typical nickel/vanadium composition is Ni-7V (i.e., a composition containing about 7 weight percent vanadium and the remainder nickel).
  • a typical method of forming nickel/vanadium layers in semiconductor processing is physical vapor deposition (PVD). Specifically, the layers are sputter- deposited from a sputtering target.
  • the standard purity for conventional Ni-7V sputtering targets is 3N5 - 3N8 pure (i.e., 99.95% pure to 99.98% pure, by weight, excluding gases). The purity is typically determined by glow discharge mass spectroscopy (GDMS) and/or LECO® (conductometric) methods, (LECO® is a Registered Trademark of LECO Corporation).
  • the average grain size of conventional Ni-7V sputtering targets is quite large (typically, greater than 50 microns).
  • the purity and grain size of the sputtering targets limits the quality of the sputter-deposited materials formed from the targets. Higher purity targets can lead to higher purity sputter-deposited materials, which are desired. Lower average grain sizes in the targets can lead to better physical and/or chemical homogeneity of sputter- deposited materials, which is also desired. Accordingly, it is desired to develop an improved Ni-V sputtering target having higher purity and smaller average grain size.
  • a limitation on the purity of conventional nickel/vanadium materials is typically imposed by the purity of vanadium.
  • the nickel/vanadium materials are formed by mixing high purity nickel with high purity vanadium.
  • the nickel can have a purity of 4N5 (99.995 wt%, excluding gases), or even 5N (99.999 wt%, excluding gases), but the vanadium will generally have a purity of 2N5 (99.5 wt%, excluding gases) or lower.
  • the purity of available vanadium thus limits the purity of Ni-V alloys that can be formed. Accordingly, there is a desire to develop improved purity vanadium materials.
  • Apparatus 110 is an example of an ion metal plasma (IMP) apparatus, and comprises a chamber 112 having sidewalls 114. Chamber 112 is typically a high vacuum chamber. A target construction 10 is provided in an upper region of the chamber, and a substrate 118 is provided in a lower region of the chamber. Substrate 118 is retained on a holder 120, which typically comprises an electrostatic chuck. Target construction 10 would be retained with suitable supporting members (not shown), which can include a power source. An upper shield (not shown) can be provided to shield edges of the target construction 10.
  • IMP ion metal plasma
  • Substrate 118 can comprise, for example, a semiconductor wafer, such as, for example, a single crystal silicon wafer.
  • a nickel/vanadium film can be over a surface of the substrate in particular utilizations of apparatus 110.
  • Target construction 10 can thus comprise a nickel/vanadium target.
  • Material 122 is sputtered from a surface of the target of construction 10 and directed toward substrate 118.
  • the sputtered material will leave the target surface in a number of different directions. This can be problematic, and it is preferred that the sputtered material be directed relatively orthogonally to an upper surface of substrate 118. Accordingly, a focusing coil 126 is provided within chamber 112. The focusing coil can improve the orientation of sputtered materials 122, and is shown directing the sputtered materials relatively orthogonally to the upper surface of substrate 118.
  • Coil 126 is retained within chamber 112 by pins 128 which are shown extending through sidewalls of the coil and also through sidewalls 114 of chamber 112. Pins 128 are retained with retaining screws 132 in the shown configuration.
  • the schematic illustration of Fig. 1 shows heads 130 of the pins along an interior surface of coil 126, and another set of heads 132 of the retaining screws along the exterior surface of chamber sidewalls 114.
  • Spacers 140 (which are frequently referred to as cups) extend around pins 128, and are utilized to space coil 126 from sidewalls 114.
  • FIG. 1 The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is but one of the many types of PVD apparatuses.
  • Other exemplary apparatuses include apparatuses marketed as or by Unaxis, Balzers, Nexx, Ulvac, Annelva, and NOVELLUS. Some of the apparatuses utilize round sputtering targets, while others utilize other target shapes, such as square and rectangular designs.
  • the invention relates to sputtering components, such as sputtering targets, comprising high-purity Ni-V.
  • the sputtering components can have a small average grain size, with an exemplary average grain size being less than or equal to 40 microns.
  • the invention includes methods of making high-purity Ni-V structures.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic, cross-sectional view of a prior art physical vapor deposition apparatus shown during a physical vapor deposition (e.g., sputtering) process.
  • a physical vapor deposition e.g., sputtering
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic, cross-sectional view of an exemplary target/backing plate construction of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the Fig. 2 construction, with the cross-section of Fig. 2 extending along the line 2-2 of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic, cross-sectional view of an exemplary monolithic target construction of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a top view of the Fig. 4 construction, with the cross-section of Fig. 4 extending along the line 4-4 of Fig. 5.
  • the present invention relates to sputtering components.
  • sputtering component refers to any component from which material is sputtered or otherwise removed from during a physical vapor deposition process.
  • the common sputtering component is a sputtering target, but it is to be understood that sputtering can occur from surfaces of other components besides a sputtering target (such as, for example, coils, pins or cups), during physical vapor deposition.
  • sputtered componenf refers to a sputtering component from which material has been sputtered or otherwise removed.
  • sputtering targets can be formed from metal blanks, plates or slabs.
  • sputtering target pre-fab is utilized herein to refer to metal blanks, plates, slabs etc. that will be further processed into sputtering targets
  • sputtering target structure is utilized to generically encompass sputtering targets themselves and sputtering target pre-fabs.
  • a “sputtering component pre-fab” is to be understood to refer to metal blanks, plates, slabs, etc., utilized to form sputtering components
  • sputtering component structure is to be understood to encompass sputtering component pre-fabs as well as the finished components.
  • Sputtering targets encompassed by various of the aspects of the present invention can have any suitable geometry, and can be either bonded assemblies or monolithic sputtering targets.
  • Sputtering targets encompassed by various of the aspects of the present invention can be configured for utilization in any suitable apparatus, including, but not limited to, the apparatuses described in the "Background” section of this disclosure.
  • structures of the present invention have particular average grain sizes.
  • the phrase "average grain size” as used herein means an average grain size which has been determined by standard methods known to those skilled in the art. Average grain size was determined for the exemplary compositions described herein by the ASTM E112 Standard Test Method for Determining Average Grain Size.
  • Particular structures of the present invention can have an average grain size throughout an entirety of the structures of less than or equal to around 40 microns, preferably less than or equal to around 30 microns, and more preferably less than or equal to around 20 microns. The conversion between micron grain size and ASTM grain size number is described in Table 1 for some exemplary grain sizes.
  • the invention includes methodology for making high purity vanadium compositions.
  • Exemplary methodology includes molten salt electrolysis.
  • the salt can be an alkali-halogen salt, such as, for example, NaCI.
  • the electrolysis can be repeated multiple, sequential times to obtain a desired purity of vanadium.
  • the composition resulting from the electrolysis can be at least 99.995 weight%, excluding gases, pure in vanadium, or even at least 99.999 weight%, excluding gases, pure in vanadium.
  • the invention includes methods of producing high-purity nickel/vanadium sputtering components.
  • Raw materials of high purity nickel and vanadium are provided.
  • the nickel raw material will preferably have an overall purity of at least 99.995 weight%, excluding gases, and more preferably at least 99.999 weight%, excluding gases.
  • the vanadium raw material will have an overall purity of at least 99.9 weight%, excluding gases; more preferably at least 99.995 weight%, excluding gases; and even more preferably at least 99.999 weight%, excluding gases.
  • the nickel and vanadium raw materials are melted together to form a molten alloy comprising the nickel and vanadium.
  • the specific composition of the desired alloy will dictate the amount of each raw material that is incorporated into the molten alloy.
  • the molten alloy can then be cooled to form a nickel/vanadium structure which is at least 99.99%, 99.995%, or 99.999% pure in nickel and vanadium (by weight, excluding gases).
  • the structure formed from the alloy can be a sputtering component prefab (such as, for example, a sputtering target pre-fab) or a sputtering component.
  • a sputtering component prefab such as, for example, a sputtering target pre-fab
  • a sputtering component such as, for example, a sputtering target pre-fab
  • a molten nickel/vanadium alloy is cast into a high- purity nickel-vanadium ingot using appropriate conventional vacuum melting techniques, such as, for example, electron-beam, vacuum induction melting (VIM) or vacuum arc remelting (VAR).
  • VIM vacuum induction melting
  • VAR vacuum arc remelting
  • Repeated vacuum melting steps can be employed as desired to improve the overall purity of the ingot and/or to obtain a resulting high-purity nickel/vanadium alloy with a homogenous composition.
  • the resulting high-purity Ni-V ingot can be any desired shape (i.e., rectangular, square, round, etc.), and can be any desired size.
  • the high-purity Ni-V ingot can be subjected to thermo-mechanical processing in order to apply deformation and annealing into the metal of the ingot to impart a desired grain size within metal.
  • Exemplary thermo-mechanical processing can utilize a series of hot rolling steps and cold rolling steps (preferably with all of the rolling steps comprising rolling along the same direction as one another) in combination with annealing.
  • a nickel/vanadium structure resulting from the thermo-mechanical processing can be a nickel/vanadium plate or blank.
  • Such structure can be a target suitable for bonding to a backing plate, or can be a target pre-fab suitable for appropriate machining to form a target structure which can be bonded to a backing plate.
  • the nickel/vanadium structure can be a monolithic target or a target pre-fab suitable for appropriate machining to form the structure into a monolithic target.
  • Nickel/vanadium alloys and structures formed in accordance with methodology of the present invention can have an overall metallic purity of nickel/vanadium of at least 99.99%, by weight, excluding gases; at least 99.995% (by weight, excluding gases); or even at least 99.999% (by weight, excluding gases).
  • all detectable impurities are totaled (elements at or below the detection limit are not included).
  • the standard analytical techniques for determining purity are GDMS and LECO®.
  • the standard alloy composition in the industry today is Ni-7V. However, it is to be understood that the sputtering components described herein may comprise a different amount of vanadium (i.e., more or less than 7 weight percent).
  • a nickel/vanadium alloy of the present invention will comprise from about 4 weight percent vanadium (with the rest of the alloy being nickel) to about 10 weight percent vanadium (with the rest of the alloy being nickel).
  • Results of an analysis of a nickel/vanadium alloy formed in accordance with an aspect of the present invention are presented in Table 2.
  • the alloy comprises 6.64 weight percent vanadium.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary target construction 11 which can be formed in accordance with methodology of the present invention is described with reference to Figs. 2 and 3.
  • the construction comprises a backing plate 12, a target 14, and a bond 16 between the target and backing plate.
  • the bond can be a diffusion bond, or can comprise an interlayer material (such as, for example, a solder).
  • the target 14 can comprise high purity nickel/vanadium in accordance with various aspects of the present invention.
  • the construction 11 can be utilized as the target construction 10 in a deposition apparatus of the type described above with reference to Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 4 Another exemplary target construction 20 which can be formed in accordance with methodology of the present invention is described with reference to Figs. 4 and 5.
  • the construction comprises a monolithic target 22.
  • the target 22 can comprise high purity nickel/vanadium in accordance with various aspects of the present invention.
  • the construction 20 can be utilized as the target 10 in a deposition apparatus of the type described above with reference to Fig. 1.
  • any components within a sputtering chamber (such as the chamber of Fig. 1 ) that are exposed to sputtering conditions can release some material. Accordingly, components besides the target can, in some applications, be considered sputtering components.
  • the items within a chamber that can be sputtering components include, but are not limited to, coils, cover rings, clamps, shields, pins and cups. It some applications, it can be problematic if materials sputter from non-target sputtering components in that the materials sputtered from the non-target components can contaminate materials sputtered from the target.
  • the problem can be alleviated, and even prevented, if all sputtering components and potential sputtering components within a reaction chamber are formed from the same material as the target. Accordingly, it can be desired to form the target and one or more non-target sputtering components (such as, for example, one or more of coils, cover rings, clamps, shields, pins, cups, etc.) from high purity nickel/vanadium in various aspects of the invention.
  • non-target sputtering components such as, for example, one or more of coils, cover rings, clamps, shields, pins, cups, etc.
  • Nickel/vanadium sputtering components formed in accordance with the present invention can be utilized for deposition of Ni-V layers over semiconductor substrates.
  • the Ni-V layers can be utilized in under-bump and C4 technologies.
  • layers formed from high purity, small grain-size Ni-V sputtering targets can be used for other semiconductor applications besides under-bump and C4 assemblies.
  • the layers can be utilized for suicide formation and high-end coatings in semiconductor applications.
  • Nickel has been investigated for use in suicide and high-end coatings of semiconductor applications, but the magnetic properties of nickel render pure nickel unsuitable for many of such applications. Addition of vanadium to nickel forms an alloy having suitable magnetic properties for semiconductor applications, which is a reason that Ni-7V is utilized in various applications.
  • Ni-V alloys have too low of a purity to be suitable for suicide and high-end coatings.
  • the relatively pure Ni-V alloys that can be produced from sputtering targets of the present invention can be suitable for suicide and high-end coatings applications.
  • a high-purity Ni-V ingot is uni-directionally hot-rolled at a high temperature (such as a temperature from 1400°F to 2400°F (760°C - 1316°C)) to decrease a thickness of the ingot and produce a slab (the thickness of the slab can be, for example, about 1.5" (3.81 cm)); with a typical deformation induced by the hot rolling being at least about 90% (i.e, the thickness of the slab is less than or equal to about 10% of the starting thickness of the ingot).
  • the slab is cooled to room temperature and cut into several smaller sections.
  • the sections are subjected to hot-rolling (at, for example, a temperature of from 1400°F to 2400°F), followed by cold-rolling (at for example, about room temperature) to reduce the thickness of the sections to a final thickness (for example about 0.35" (0.89 cm)).
  • the hot and cold rolling across the sections is preferably uni-directional, and along the same direction as the uni-directional rolling across the ingot.
  • the sections are annealed at an increased temperature (for example, about 1600°F (871 °C) for about 1 hour).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des composants de pulvérisation, tels que des cibles de pulvérisation, contenant du nickel/vanadium de pureté élevée. Lesdits composants de pulvérisation peuvent présenter une granulométrie moyenne faible sur l'ensemble des composants, par exemple une granulométrie moyenne inférieure ou égale à 40 microns. L'invention concerne également des procédés de fabrication de structures de nickel/vanadium de pureté élevée.
EP03783754A 2002-12-09 2003-11-24 Composants de pulverisation nickel/vanadium de purete elevee et procede de fabrication de composants de pulverisation Withdrawn EP1579019A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US43216602P 2002-12-09 2002-12-09
US432166P 2002-12-09
PCT/US2003/037463 WO2004052785A2 (fr) 2002-12-09 2003-11-24 Composants de pulverisation nickel/vanadium de purete elevee et procede de fabrication de composants de pulverisation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1579019A2 true EP1579019A2 (fr) 2005-09-28

Family

ID=32507860

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03783754A Withdrawn EP1579019A2 (fr) 2002-12-09 2003-11-24 Composants de pulverisation nickel/vanadium de purete elevee et procede de fabrication de composants de pulverisation

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US20040108028A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1579019A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006509109A (fr)
KR (1) KR20050085232A (fr)
CN (1) CN1723292A (fr)
AU (1) AU2003291159A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW200418996A (fr)
WO (1) WO2004052785A2 (fr)

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JP4447556B2 (ja) * 2003-10-07 2010-04-07 日鉱金属株式会社 高純度Ｎｉ−Ｖ合金、同Ｎｉ−Ｖ合金からなるターゲット及び同Ｎｉ−Ｖ合金薄膜並びに高純度Ｎｉ−Ｖ合金の製造方法
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JP5808066B2 (ja) 2011-05-10 2015-11-10 エイチ．シー．スターク インク． 複合ターゲット
US9334565B2 (en) 2012-05-09 2016-05-10 H.C. Starck Inc. Multi-block sputtering target with interface portions and associated methods and articles
US9903212B2 (en) * 2013-07-30 2018-02-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Mechanical joining using additive manufacturing process
CN104014767B (zh) * 2014-06-05 2016-05-04 贵研铂业股份有限公司 一种制备NiV合金靶材的方法
CN106290425A (zh) * 2016-07-13 2017-01-04 东莞中子科学中心 一种用于制备中子散射实验样品盒的钒镍合金及其应用
CN110468382B (zh) * 2019-09-12 2021-04-09 南京达迈科技实业有限公司 一种含微量元素的大管径Ni-V旋转靶材及其制备方法
CN111549324A (zh) * 2020-06-17 2020-08-18 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 一种NiV合金靶材及其成型的方法与用途
CN112899627B (zh) * 2021-01-16 2022-09-27 重庆电子工程职业学院 一种靶材安装结构、磁控溅射设备及磁控溅射方法
CN114318255B (zh) * 2021-12-09 2022-09-16 贵研铂业股份有限公司 一种由易氧化金属镀膜保护制备的高致密NiV合金溅射靶材及其制备方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003291159A8 (en) 2004-06-30
AU2003291159A1 (en) 2004-06-30
KR20050085232A (ko) 2005-08-29
WO2004052785A3 (fr) 2005-06-16
US20050230013A1 (en) 2005-10-20
US20040108028A1 (en) 2004-06-10
TW200418996A (en) 2004-10-01
JP2006509109A (ja) 2006-03-16
CN1723292A (zh) 2006-01-18
WO2004052785B1 (fr) 2005-07-21
WO2004052785A2 (fr) 2004-06-24

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