EP1572402B1 - Sinterrohlinge mit gewendelten kühlkanälen - Google Patents

Sinterrohlinge mit gewendelten kühlkanälen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1572402B1
EP1572402B1 EP03799447A EP03799447A EP1572402B1 EP 1572402 B1 EP1572402 B1 EP 1572402B1 EP 03799447 A EP03799447 A EP 03799447A EP 03799447 A EP03799447 A EP 03799447A EP 1572402 B1 EP1572402 B1 EP 1572402B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cross
blank
nozzle
cooling channel
duct
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP03799447A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1572402A2 (de
Inventor
Horst Karos
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Guehring Jorg Dr
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Guehring Jorg Dr
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Priority claimed from DE10260136A external-priority patent/DE10260136A1/de
Application filed by Guehring Jorg Dr filed Critical Guehring Jorg Dr
Publication of EP1572402A2 publication Critical patent/EP1572402A2/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/14—Making other products
    • B21C23/147—Making drill blanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/04—Drills for trepanning
    • B23B51/0486—Drills for trepanning with lubricating or cooling equipment
    • B23B51/0493—Drills for trepanning with lubricating or cooling equipment with exchangeable cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/06—Drills with lubricating or cooling equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
    • B23P15/32—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools twist-drills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/004—Article comprising helical form elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an extrusion process, in particular for producing a sintered metal or ceramic blank for a tool or a tool part in which the blank forming, plastic mass is pressed out of a nozzle mouthpiece, wherein they along the axis of at least one helically twisted, on a Nozzle pin held pen flows. Furthermore, the invention relates to a producible with this extrusion process extrusion green or sintered blank as well as a producible from the sinter blank cutting tool and a component of such a tool.
  • a plasticized ceramic or powder metallurgical mass continuously for example produced by extrusion cylindrical sintered blanks with internal, at least partially helically extending channels predetermined cross section are increasingly required, for example in the tool industry, and in particular in the production of drilling tools, an internal cooling or Have detergent supply, so that the coolant or detergent in the immediate vicinity of the blade can escape from the tool.
  • the helical course of the at least one, internal cooling channel is required when the tool to be manufactured, such. B. provided on a drilling tool helical flutes, for example, are ground.
  • Such high-performance tools are also able to cope with the high loads that are encountered, for example, in hard machining, dry machining, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and high-speed machining (HSC). occur. Also, it has been recognized that the objectives of MMS capability and significantly higher cutting performance are not in opposite directions, but can be realized simultaneously. Drilling tools that have been developed for use with MQL, for example, run at much higher feed rates than tools for conventional cooling lubrication. In this case, the amount of coolant supplied to a crucial role. In so-called high-performance cutting (HPC) methods, attempts are being made today to further reduce production costs, taking into account all the process parameters involved.
  • HPC high-performance cutting
  • the main times and downtimes are decisive, which in turn depend crucially on the mobile feed speed and thus on the producible at existing machine tools / high-performance spindles speeds.
  • the feed rate is not only limited by the speed, but also by the fact that it must be ensured that no chaff accumulation during chip removal.
  • helical tools have decisive advantages. Because the coiled design allows due to the more favorable rake angle a higher cutting performance and due to the helix angle of the flute a facilitated removal of the mixture of chips and lubricant. Also with regard to centering coiled tools are advantageous because these tools can be supported over its entire outer circumference in the hole.
  • the cooling channels must also have a certain minimum distance from each other, since otherwise impairments of the drill bit geometry, i. e.g. the chisel edge or a Ausspitzung be caused.
  • the course of the internal cooling channels can not be monitored at a taking place on the sintered blank, machining. It is, therefore required to produce the blank so that the smallest possible tolerances in the region of the inner channel with respect to cross-section, pitch diameter and eccentricity of the pitch circle occur to the axis, in each radial section of the blank, which further requires the exact compliance with a predetermined helix pitch.
  • the thus configured green compact is twisted by a relative rotational movement between the extrusion die and the raw material.
  • a blank in the form of a helically coiled helix is generated with embossed inner channel.
  • the tool shank is made up of embossed internal cooling channels of fully cylindrical material, since only so the complete introduction of the coolant is ensured in the or the coolant channels.
  • the cutting part produced from the helically wound helical blank must therefore be soldered to a separate fully cylindrical shaft, which - apart from the increased production costs - also results in a lower stability of the tool.
  • a method for producing a drilling tool with at least one, helically extending, inner coolant channel is already presented, in which the helical course of the at least one inner coolant channel is generated simultaneously with the extrusion of the plastic mass.
  • the nozzle mouthpiece is equipped on the inside with a helical profile, wherein the helical pitch of these projections is adapted to the desired spiral pitch of the inner cooling channels.
  • elastic pins are provided, which are attached with their upstream ends to a nozzle mandrel and whose elasticity is chosen so large that the pins can follow the induced by the inner contour of the nozzle orifice swirl flow.
  • the diameter of the circle on which the cross sections or the cross section of the at least one inner coolant channel comes to lie in the extruded blank is influenced by the flow velocity and by the friction losses in the nozzle tip, which is particularly noticeable when changing the extruded mass from one batch to another can negatively affect. It is therefore proposed according to a further variant of this method, rotatably form the nozzle mouthpiece, wherein by the rotational movement of the nozzle mouthpiece, a correction of the swirling motion of the mass flow to take place.
  • the detection of the necessary correction can only take place in a region downstream of the nozzle, dead time inaccuracies can not be avoided.
  • the rigid center pins are capable of imparting a uniform swirling motion to the mass flow over the entire cross section.
  • the twisting of the blank must be enhanced by additional vane-type swirling aids in the nozzle, which impose a swirling direction on the flow.
  • the device is characterized according to a variant, characterized in that the at least one pin rotatably and axially fixed to a rotatably mounted in the nozzle mandrel about an axis parallel to the nozzle axis shaft and is twisted such that it flows along its axis plastic mass substantially over the entire length imparts a constant angular momentum defined by the pitch of its helix.
  • the associated extrusion head is shown in FIG. 1, to which reference is already made here:
  • the shaft carrying at least one pin, whose radially within the Pin lying connection point to the pin in the nozzle mouth is an auxiliary drive, in which case the pin can be flexible and the drive is independent of the desired slope controllable.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to develop the above method such that fully cylindrical sintered blanks with embossed helical cooling channels can be produced with high accuracy even with difficult to createmékanalgeometrien, and to provide a sintered blank, a machinable cutting tool and a component of such a tool that meets the requirements of today's manufacturing tasks.
  • a method for producing fully cylindrical extruded green bodies or sintered blanks having at least one helically embossed channel. Such blanks are needed for example in the production of drilling tools.
  • the plasticized mass in the extrusion head first flows substantially freely into a nozzle inlet, in order then to be pressed along the longitudinal axis of the at least one pin secured to the nozzle mandrel in the nozzle mouthpiece to the outlet opening of the nozzle and through it.
  • the nozzle mouthpiece has a circular-cylindrical, preferably substantially smooth surface, so that the resulting blank has a fully cylindrical outer contour.
  • the impinged pen does not rotate with the mass, but sticks rigidly into the nozzle.
  • He is preferably rotatably attached to the nozzle mandrel.
  • a possibly existing arrangement can be used, in which the pin is rotatably mounted on the nozzle mandrel, but the pen still does not rotate due to the small nozzle cross-section or high pin cross section in relation to the nozzle cross-section.
  • the flow in the nozzle tip is thereby induced on the one hand by the pitch of the helices of the pin and on the other hand by a rotating portion of the nozzle a radial component.
  • a plastic deformation of the extruded mass or an irregular structure formation or density distribution in the mass can be avoided, since the radial component of the flow is not forced by Verdrall Nuren or deflecting devices such as vanes, etc., but is achieved solely by the rotational movement of the rotatable portion of the nozzle.
  • the radial movement of the flow is thus not caused by deflection of an obstacle standing in the way of the flow, but solely on the friction forces inherent in the extruded mass, which cause the mass to be taken by the rotational movement of the nozzle portion, wherein the thus induced rotational movement of the Starting nozzle wall independently propagates toward the interior of the nozzle until a stationary helical flow adjusts, which corresponds to the pitch of the stud helix.
  • the flow is thereby in relation to the viscosity and toughness of the extruded mass.
  • the extrusion green compacts preferably carbide is used, for example on tungsten carbide, since hard metal tools have found widespread use in manufacturing technology.
  • the plasticized mass for extrusion molding is thereby produced under constant through-rolling from a hard metal powder with the addition of a binder, for example cobalt, and a plasticizer, for example paraffin.
  • a binder for example cobalt
  • a plasticizer for example paraffin.
  • the extrusion process of the invention could just as well be used in other sintered materials such as ceramics or cermet, in which the Cooling channel cross-section geometry can be defined even with the still soft raw material.
  • the proposed extrusion process is suitable for the production of extruded green parts for rotationally driven cutting tools, in particular drills and milling cutters, for example end millers.
  • it can also be used for the production of extruded green parts for stepped tools, for example step drills.
  • the drying process is followed first by a drying or pre-sintering process before the correspondingly deflected blank bars are subjected to the actual sintering process.
  • the finished sintered blanks are then machined regularly by at least one helical flute is ground into the outer surface of the blanks.
  • the blanks according to the invention which can be produced for the first time according to the invention have a ratio of the blanket cross-sectional area to the cross-sectional area of the molded channel or channels, which in the case of a molded-in channel has a value of 20:80 or better, in particular 30:70, for example 50: 50 is, with several molded channels 20:80 or better, in particular 30:70, for example 40:60.
  • "Better" is to be understood in the sense of the largest possible cooling channel cross sections.
  • the blank according to the invention according to claim 5 makes it possible to produce tools which have superior coolant flow rates compared to tools made from conventional sintered blanks. the production of such blanks is only possible by the method according to the invention. Because of such a large cooling channel cross sections results in an extremely thin minimum wall thickness between mecanickühlkanalhelix and coiled flute, which is keeping extremely meticulous Tolerance limits for the channel helix requires. With a forced twisting process this can not be achieved because of the above-described inherent problems with respect to microstructural stress and density homogeneities in the plasticized mass. At most, it can be set to non-reproducible random hits at the expense of high committee rates. With the own method according to DE 42 42 336, however, the force required to drive the pin force can not be applied, since the pin is thicker and thus heavier as the desired channel diameter increases, while at the same time decreases the usable mass for driving the pin mass ,
  • the blanks of the invention are thus suitable for the production of tools with respect to known tools increased coolant supply.
  • the sintered blanks are then reground on their outer circumference, whereupon the required number of helical flutes incorporated, for example, ground or milled.
  • the resulting tools then have at least one web, which is traversed by at least one coiled inner cooling channel, wherein the slope of the at least one inner cooling channel runs synchronously to the pitch of the at least one flute.
  • the tool according to the invention produced from the sintered blank according to claim 4 is in particular for use as a deep hole drilling tool Diameter-length ratios above 1: 5 and here in particular suitable for deep hole drilling of steel, where previously worked despite despite poorer chip removal due to the Whatspanwinkels of 0 ° and poorer centering (due to the one-sided on the side of the tool ridge support in the borehole) with grooved flutes had to be because in deviating from the circular shape cooling channel contours and smaller tool diameters than 12 mm, especially smaller 8 mm, for example, less than 4 mm coiled tools could not be produced with the required accuracy for maximum loads.
  • the rake angle at the drill cutting edge is determined by the side rake angle of the drill spiral and thus by the spiral angle of the internal cooling channel formed in the sintering blank. It has a decisive influence on chip formation and chip removal and therefore depends on the properties of the material to be processed. In the advantageous embodiment according to claim 8, it assumes values greater than 10 °.
  • the tool is provided as a two-lip or multi-lip tool.
  • the tool for their production are particularly sintered blanks with cooling channel contours in the form of an ellipse or trigone according to claims 17 and 18 and mixed forms according to claims 12 to 15 suitable because with these forms available on the respective tool web space optimally and in compliance with certain Minimum wall thicknesses can be used for the cooling channel.
  • Trigon in the sense of the invention means a triangular shape with slightly rounded corners with a minimum radius in the range of 0.2 times the circle enclosed by the triangle.
  • a kidney-shaped cooling channel design according to claim 16 appears to be particularly suitable.
  • the coolant supply can be effected by a plurality of, possibly trigonal or elliptical cooling channels.
  • the voltages occurring at the cooling channel depend on the shape of the cooling channel and result mainly from the notch effect of the cooling channel at its smallest radii in the load direction. Furthermore, it has been recognized that the resistance that a cutting tool, such as a drill bit or mill, can counteract this spike, i. for its stability and ultimately whether it comes to cracking or premature breakage of the tool, in addition to the voltage peaks occurring at the cooling channel, the distance of the cooling channels to the chip space and thus the position of the cooling channel on the web is crucial.
  • the throughput quantities increase almost proportionally with respect to an insert tool with a round cooling channel geometry, wherein the increase in notch stresses with increasing cross-sectional area in the region of the inventive cooling channel geometry is surprisingly small in comparison to that in conventional trigon profiles.
  • the cooling channel profile according to the invention can be so Realize cross-sectional areas that would lead to a failure of the tool with a round profile with the same coolant throughput due to low wall clearances.
  • the above-mentioned 4mm nominal diameter drill bit tested had a wall thickness of 0.3mm.
  • the minimum wall thickness is limited only by the desired flow rate upwards.
  • cooling channel geometry according to claim 15 is particularly suitable for smaller tools, where it is particularly important on a space utilization optimized on the tool web with regard to strength and coolant flow. This knowledge was taken into account by the upper limits for the minimum wall thicknesses according to claim 23, which increase more above a certain nominal diameter than in the region of smaller diameter values.
  • the minimum wall thicknesses between the cooling channel and the outer circumference of the drill bit, or rake surface or chip clearance can, of course, be chosen differently. From a strength point of view, it is particularly important to the minimum distance or the minimum wall thickness between the cooling channel and clamping surface, which can thus be greater than the minimum wall thickness between the cooling channel and chip clearance. Even with respect to the minimum wall thickness between the cooling channel and the outer circumference of the drill bit, the minimum wall thickness between the cooling channel and the clamping surface can be provided with larger values in order to take account of the higher strength requirement. On the other hand, it can, for example, under the above, relevant in practice manufacturing aspect of the blanks of the same diameter for tools of different diameters to a minimum wall thickness between the cooling channel and drill outer circumference greater than that between the cooling channel and rake face.
  • Drills with the rounded cooling channel profile can endure high load values non-destructively over a long service life both in the load case of compressive forces and torques which are typical during drilling and in the case of transverse force or bending moment load, as they occur when entering the workpiece to be machined , Similar transverse force and bending stresses also occur with constant or reverse cutters.
  • the achieved coolant throughput in terms of quantity and pressure drop over the tool length high demands.
  • the rounded cooling channel geometry is thus particularly suitable for tools in which the conflict between sufficient coolant supply on the one hand and sufficient strength on the other hand is particularly problematic, usually so for tools with small diameters and / or long tool length.
  • the two maximum curvatures of the cooling channel cross section lie on the same radial coordinate, wherein this radial coordinate is greater than or equal to the radial coordinate of the circle enclosed by the cooling channel cross section.
  • the cooling channel cross-section is symmetrical with respect to an axis extending radially to the drill axis, so that the applied radius is equal at the two curvature maxima.
  • the elliptical cooling channel shape has been found.
  • Preferred values for the ratio ellipse major axis / minor axis are 1.18 to 1.65, particularly preferably 1.25 to 1.43, for example 1.43.
  • the cooling channel can be dimensioned with a smaller minimum wall thickness between cooling channel and main cutting edge due to the low notch stresses at the bend maximum than in designs in which the curvature maxima are radially further outward because there are narrower radii than in the elliptical design.
  • a cooling channel geometry in which the curvature maxima are offset outward relative to the center of the enclosed circle, is advantageous under the aspect of easier controllability of the finishing process of the pins used in the extrusion process according to the invention, which predetermine the spiral helix of the internal cooling channels. Because the coiled pins used in the extrusion for producing the cooling channels, which are arranged on a mandrel in front of an extrusion die and mold into the inflowing mass the cooling channels are relatively expensive to produce in elliptical shape, while the production of coiled pins with outwardly offset curvature maxima due to the at the Inside the wires relatively large contour sections, which are available for accurately fitting investment in a drawing form, is relatively simple.
  • the extrusion green compacts are formed with a radiallydekanalkontur having according to claim 11 straight leg sections on which the wires can be supported in the draw form during winding safely.
  • the sinter blanks according to the invention are not only suitable for the production of complete tools, but also for the production of tool components according to claim 24.
  • deep hole drills are often soldered together from a locally limited to the drill bit drill head and extending over the length of the drill shank.
  • the at least one drill bit can be formed directly on the drill head or a drill head with screwed change or indexable inserts can be used.
  • the drill head and shaft quite different requirements are made. While the drill head is particularly characterized by wear resistance and hardness, the shank must have high toughness and torsional rigidity.
  • the invention can be from the sintered blanks with the geometry according to claims 4 to 18 also such tool components, such as shafts, drill heads, etc. manufacture, in the embodiment according to claim 25 with a flute or in the embodiment of claim 26 with a plurality of flutes.
  • the tool or tool component according to the invention can be equipped with conventional coatings, at least in the area of the sharp cutting edges. If it is a hard material layer, this is preferably made thin, wherein the thickness of the layer is preferably in the range between 0.5 and 3 microns.
  • the hard material layer consists for example of diamond, preferably monocrystalline diamond. However, it can also be embodied as a titanium nitride or as a titanium-aluminum nitride layer, since such layers are deposited sufficiently thin. But also other hard material layers, for example TiC, Ti (C, N), ceramics, eg Al 2 O 3 , NbC, HfN, Ti (C, O, N), multi-layer coatings of TiC / Ti (C, N) / TiN, multilayer coatings ceramic coatings, in particular with intermediate layers of TiN or Ti (C, N), etc. are conceivable.
  • This soft coating preferably consists of MoS 2 ,
  • the reference numeral 10 denotes an extrusion head, which is traversed from right to left by a highly viscous, plasticized metallic or ceramic mass 12.
  • a nozzle nozzle 14 is designated, which is integrally formed with a nozzle carrier part 16.
  • the extrusion die has two sections, namely a die mouth DM and a die inlet region DE, in which the plastic mass 12 is funneled into the die mouth.
  • a nozzle mandrel 18 is provided, which has a conical surface 20 on its downstream side, so that an annular space 22 is formed between the nozzle mandrel 18 and the nozzle carrier part 16, which opens into the nozzle mouth DM.
  • the extrusion die or the extrusion head 10 or the extrusion die 14, 16 serves for the continuous extrusion of cylindrical rod-shaped moldings 24 with at least one, inner and helical, left- or longitudinally extending channel 3.
  • a shaft 30 is rotatably mounted in the center of the nozzle mandrel 18.
  • the shaft 30 extends beyond the front end 32 of the nozzle mandrel 18 into the nozzle mouth DM and carries at the downstream end a plate-shaped hub body 34 which is fixedly connected via its radially outer side surfaces 36, 38 with helically pre-twisted pins 40, 42.
  • Two such pins 40, 42 lie point-symmetrical to the axis 44 of the shaft 30 and thus of the hub body 34th
  • the pins 40, 42 have substantially the length of a half helix pitch WS / 2 and the arrangement is such that the pins 40, 42 extend at least up to the end face 48 of the nozzle mouthpiece 14, so the inner channels 3 formed by the rods 40, 42 during the extrusion process maintain their shape and position outside the nozzle.
  • the hub body 34 is seated in the nozzle mouth DM so as to have a predetermined axial distance AX from the front end 32 of the nozzle mandrel 18.
  • This axial distance AX is preferably adjustable in order to be able to influence the inflow conditions of the nozzle orifice DM and thus of the at least one pin 40, 42.
  • the pins 40, 42 defined, and flows axially in the region of the nozzle mouth DM.
  • the flow thus impinges on the pins 40, 42 under the angle PH determined by the gradient WS and the pitch circle diameter. Since these are fixed in the nozzle mouth DM rotatably about the hub body 34 and the shaft 30 about the axis 44, the pins 40, 42 the passage of the plastic mass 12 through the nozzle mouth in a continuous, corresponding to the pitch of the helix of the preformed pins rotational movement with the angular velocity OMEGA.
  • the circumferentially acting force components produced by the engagement of the helical pins with respect to the flow direction add up over the length of the pins 40,42.
  • the rotatable shaft assembly 30, hub body 34, and at least one helically twisted pin 40, 42 provide uniform velocity of rotation of the pins 40, 42, as dictated by flow velocity, with the bending stress of the pins 40, 42 being kept relatively small.
  • the pins 40, 42 act in this way according to the principle of an axially flow-through turbine with the output shaft 30, wherein, however, the medium not of an ideal, incompressible liquid, but of a highly viscous and to a certain extent elastic mass is formed.
  • the nozzle mouth is basically divided into two regions, namely a nozzle mouth inlet region DME and a pure nozzle mouth flow region DMS.
  • the nozzle mouth has a predetermined, substantially constant cross-section, so that in a first approximation a constant flow velocity in this range can be assumed.
  • the diameter in the region DME is raised by a dimension M compared to the section DMS in that the annular surface defined by the two diameters of the regions DMS and DME becomes approximately as large as the cross-sectional areas of the shaft 30 and the radial section surface of the hub body 34 including the connection points 52.
  • the highly viscous mass 12 enters from the annular space 22 via a short inlet path over the axial distance AX in the inlet region of the nozzle mouthpiece DME in the axial direction and offset from the rods or wires 40, the hub body 34 or 134 or 234 and the Shaft 30 existingdekanalformer due to the angle of attack PHI in a continuous, the slope WS of the pin helix corresponding rotary motion.
  • the position of the helix in the nozzle mouth DM and the pitch of the helix WS corresponds exactly to the position and the pitch of the helix of the cooling channel formed in the blank.
  • the rods 40, 42 are claimed mainly to train. The same applies to the stress of the shaft 30, which can thus be formed with a relatively small diameter.
  • Fig. 2 are parts, insofar as they correspond in shape and function with those shown in FIG. 1 with the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 1 structure and function of the shown in Fig. 2, the embodiment according to the invention, since the above applies to the rest of the structure.
  • a nozzle mouthpiece 140 is exchangeably and rotatably supported on the nozzle carrier part 16 via a non-designated, outwardly sealing slide bearing.
  • the nozzle tip 140 extends over the length of the nozzle mouth flow area DMS of the nozzle mouth DM and is thereby driven continuously by a motor 141.
  • a bolt is referred to, which is held non-rotatably in the nozzle mandrel 18, for example, it is screwed to the nozzle or 18 soldered to the nozzle mandrel 18 or welded.
  • Reference numeral 340 denotes a fixed connecting element, via which the two coiled pins 400, 420 are connected to the bolt 300 and thus to the nozzle mandrel 18.
  • non-rotatable pin 300, connecting element 340 and pins 40, 42 remains rigid and shapes the incoming mass on a radially extending to the direction of passage force component.
  • the connector 340 may have a turbine vane-like configuration for this purpose.
  • the resulting tendency of the mass 12 to a helical flow movement is amplified by the rotational movement at the rotational speed n of the nozzle 140 driven by the motor 141.
  • the drive speed of the motor 141 is matched to the flow rate of the mass 12 so that the mass 12 performs a total helical flow, wherein the direction of movement of the mass particles at the radial height of the pins 400, 420 corresponds to the helical course of the pins 400, 420.
  • the pins 400, 420 as in the above-described extrusion head of Fig. 1 exactly the slope that should have the channels in the finished extrusion green compact.
  • any irregularities in the flow for example, due to batch-to-batch fluctuating density in the mass 12 or similar. detected and lead to a readjustment of the rotational speed n of the nozzle mouthpiece 140th
  • the readjustment takes place with the aid of a gradient marking downstream of the nozzle by means of an indexing strip embossed by a follower wheel 142 into the pressed extruded green compact, which is impressed on the green compact at each point as a readable measure of the instantaneous incline of the channels 3.
  • An image capture 143 can detect this measure and readjust the rotational speed n accordingly in the sense of a constant gradient of the channels 3 by controlling the motor 141 accordingly.
  • the control of a switched between the engine 141 and nozzle mouthpiece 140 transmission would be conceivable.
  • the nozzle mouth DM is formed with a smooth inner surface, even in the area of the nozzle mouth inlet DME.
  • the helical flow then forms solely due to the shear stress induced by wall friction, which is dependent on the viscosity of the mass, and is not forced from outside by a stationary distributor device or accompanying mass-contacting beads.
  • a contrary to the Slope direction of the helical channels extending relaxation movement of the mass after exiting the nozzle can therefore be avoided, so that the introduced channels hold their slope with high consistency.
  • the rotating portion of the nozzle 10 extends beyond the nozzle mouth flow area DMS of the nozzle mouth DM, with a diameter expansion M corresponding to the connecting member 340 and pin 300 disposed therein in the nozzle mouth lead-in area DME.
  • a diameter expansion M corresponding to the connecting member 340 and pin 300 disposed therein in the nozzle mouth lead-in area DME.
  • the pitch of the helically pre-twisted pins 400, 420 corresponds to the pitch of the channels 3 of the extruded blank 24 shown in Fig. 3.
  • the dimension of the pitch WS must be determined taking into account the expected sintering shrinkage, as well as the pitch diameter on which the Channels 3 come to rest.
  • the helix axis A coincides with the axis 44 of the bolt 300, so that - to effect a cross section of the pins 400, 420 following cross section of the channels 3 - the pins 400, 420 exactly aligned on the side surfaces 36th , 38 of the fastener 340 must be secured, preferably via a weld or solder joint happens.
  • a material for the pins 400, 420 a material with a high modulus of elasticity, such. As steel, carbide or a ceramic material used.
  • two pins 400, 420 are provided.
  • the invention is not limited to such a number and arrangement of the pins. It is equally possible either to attach only one pin or several pins with uniform circumferential distribution or with uneven circumferential distribution on the bolt 340 or on the nozzle mandrel, wherein the individual cross sections of the pins may differ from each other. It is equally possible to arrange the pins on different pitch circles.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for small blank diameters D R or large cooling channel cross sections Q K in relation to the blank diameter D R.
  • the at least one pin can have any desired cross-sectional shape, wherein it is meaningful in blanks for tools with two, three or more relatively small-area webs, for each bridge provided in each case a cooling channel with elliptical, trigonic o.ä.
  • a cooling channel with kidney-shaped contour or more cooling channels with circular, elliptical or trigonic contour are provided in each case.
  • the process according to the invention can be used to extrude blanks whose diameter D R (FIG. 3) already substantially corresponds to the final diameter of the tool to be manufactured. Because of the smooth wall of the nozzle mouthpiece 140 must be after extrusion and finished internally obtained full cylindrical blank only finished polished and provided with flutes. On the other hand, no further material removal is necessary.
  • Figures 4 to 12 show enlarged views of various embodiments of drilling tools according to the invention with a nominal diameter of 4 mm made of a tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide.
  • FIG. 4 shows an isometric view of a coiled 4mm diameter drill bit according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the tool has at its by the flutes 1 separated from each other two webs 2 each have a main cutting edge 4.
  • the flutes 1 and webs 2 are wound at a spiral angle of about 30 ° to a running as a solid cylinder drill shank 9, to which the tool is clamped in a tool holder or in a chuck.
  • the internal cooling channels 3 extend through the entire tool and are twisted at the same spiral angle as the flutes 1 and webs 2.
  • the coolant is introduced to a large part directly into the flute 1, since the exit surface of the cooling channels 3 extends over both sections of the divided by a so-called four-surface bevel ground surface 13, so that a large part of the coolant flows directly into the flute 1.
  • the drill shown in FIG. 4 also has a support phase 11 which starts at the cutting corner of the main cutting edge 4.
  • the outlet openings of the internal cooling channels can be seen a trigonal cooling channel cross-sectional contour 30I, which allows for increased coolant output compared to a circular cooling channel contour at the same minimum distance to the chip groove 1 wall.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a drill according to the invention, which corresponds to the drill shown in FIG. 4 except for the modified cooling channel contour.
  • the comparison of the cooling channel contour 30III of FIG. 5 with the cooling channel contour 301 of FIG. 4 makes it immediately clear which potential of coolant throughput can be achieved by increasing the cross section of the cooling channels 3.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a double-edged, drill, nominal diameter 4mm, with two webs 2 and two flutes 1 can be seen.
  • the webs 2 are each bounded by a chip surface 5, on the non-schüeidenden side by a chip removal surface 6.
  • the outer periphery of the drill is assigned the reference numeral 7.
  • the webs 2 are approximately symmetrical to a web center line S, which is radial to the drill axis A. is drawn.
  • a web center line S which is radial to the drill axis A. is drawn.
  • the center M of a circle K which is located entirely within the cross-sectional area of the local cooling channel bore 3.
  • the center M "of the local circle K with the same diameter 2R 0 is located somewhat away from the rake face and completely offset within the cross-sectional area of the local cooling-chamber bore 3.
  • a plurality of the respective cooling channel surrounding cooling channel contours 30, 31, 32 are compared according to different embodiments of the invention: At the lower web an elliptical contour 30 for the cooling channel 3 is shown by a solid line, another contour 31 for the cooling channel 3 with a dashed line. At the upper web a contour 32 for the cooling channel 3 is shown in dashed line.
  • the cooling channel contours 30, 31 in this case have a symmetrical to the symmetry shape, while the cooling channel 32 deviates only on the non-cutting side of the predetermined by the touching enclosed circle K contour.
  • the curvature radii R 1 , R 1 'and R 1 " are in each case at the curvature maxima, wherein the contours 30, 31 each have two equally curved curvature maxima, while at the contour 32 only a maximum curvature radius R 1 " is present.
  • the passage surface extraction is limited only by the minimum wall thicknesses to be observed, and here for clarity, only the minimum wall thickness D SPE , d SPA and d SPA "between cooling channel 3 and rake face 5 for each of the cooling channel contours 30, 31, 32, which are particularly important for the breaking strength of the drill is drawn.
  • the minimum wall thicknesses are in turn given by the minimum strength that the drill should achieve, and thus also by the radii R 1 , or R 1 'or R 1 "at the maximum curvature of the respective cooling channel contour 30, 31, 32. This is reflected therein again in that, for the elliptical cooling channel contour 30, a smaller minimum wall thickness D SPE than for the cooling channel contours 31, 32 can be used with curvature maxima offset outwards (minimum wall thickness D SPA ).
  • the cooling channel contours 30, 31 maintain the minimum wall thickness D SPE or D SPA between the cooling channel 3 and the rake face 5, which essentially corresponds to the (unnamed) minimum wall thickness between the cooling channel 3 and the chip flank 5.
  • the contour 32 has, for example, a greater minimum wall thickness d SPA "on the side facing the rake surface 5 than on the side facing away from the rake surface 5.
  • the center M 'of the enclosed circle is offset away from the cutting side, and on the other hand the cooling channel contour 32 only on the chip flank 6 side facing a maximum curvature (radius R 1 ") on.
  • cooling channel cross sections would also be conceivable in which the maximum curvature lies on the side facing the rake face.
  • Fig. 7 shows a cross section through a double-edged drill, wherein on the upper web a cooling channel 3 with cooling channel Trigonprofil 30T a elliptical cooling channel profile 30E is faced on the lower web.
  • Fig. 8 also shows a cross-section through a double-edged drill, showing two further cooling channel profiles 30II, 30 III.
  • d SPX , d SFX and d AUX the minimum wall thicknesses between cooling channel 3 and rake face 5, cooling channel 3 and chip flank 6 and between cooling channel 3 and outer circumference 7 are denoted respectively, with R 1X and R 2X respectively the smallest and the largest to the cooling channel contour adjacent radius, where X is E, T, I, II, III.
  • FIGS. 6 to 7 are in each case enlarged illustrations of a drill with a nominal diameter of 4 mm, wherein the cooling channel profiles each inscribe the same circle with radius R 0 .
  • cross-sectional area of the closed circuit is significantly lower than that of the other cooling channels, while the remaining cooling channels have almost the same cross-sectional areas.
  • FIGS. 9 to 13 show various embodiments of a single-lip drilling tool according to the invention.
  • the one-piece drilling tool shown in FIG. 9 in this case has a helical flute designated by 1 and a coiled web designated by 2, which extend from a drill tip 8 through a cutting part 119 through to a drill shank 109.
  • the web 2 has a main cutting edge 4, which extends from the tool circumference to the tool axis, which coincides with the tool tip 8 with the dashed lines indicated helical curve of the flute 1.
  • a cooling channel 3 is formed, whose kidney-shaped cross-sectional contour is designated 30N and coiled with exactly the same pitch as flute 1 and web 2 extends through the entire tool to a directly pressed on the end face of the drill shank 109 coolant in operation to guide the chip area on the tool tip 8.
  • the kidney shape is on the one hand the requirement to make good use of the web surface, so that a high Coolant supply can be guaranteed.
  • the radii at the point of least curvature are not higher than they would be with two circular cooling channels with the same minimum edge distances, so that under stress increased voltage peaks can be avoided while an increased coolant flow rate is achieved, the coolant not only punctually, but over the entire flute wall extends.
  • the tool shown in FIG. 10 has a modified cutting part 119A with a seat WPS for a cutting plate.
  • a corresponding indexable insert is designated WP.
  • the main blade 4 and the drill bit 8 are provided on the indexable insert WP.
  • guide rails 20 are attached, with which the tool is supported in the bore. It is important to ensure that the cooling channel 3, and its cross-sectional contour 30N must be arranged so that the required minimum wall thickness to the cutting edge seat WPS and the seat of the guide rails 20 is maintained.
  • Figs. 9 and 10 shown tools are not weakened due to their one-piece design by connecting points of individual elements.
  • deep hole drilling tool but often made of several parts manufactured, with the drill head and drill shaft often other materials are used as for the rest of the cutting part.
  • an extremely hard hard metal is suitable for the drill head, while it is more important for the cutting part to be tough, which is why a different hard metal is often used there.
  • FIG. 11 also shows a tool that consists of several components.
  • a drill head BK which has the cutting plate seat WPS for receiving the indexable insert WP.
  • dashed line while the solder joint LS is indicated.
  • the cutting part 219 is in turn soldered in a clamping shaft 209.
  • the cooling channel 3 with kidney-shaped cross-sectional contour 30N extends coiled through drill head BK and cutting part 219, wherein in the shaft 209 a rectilinear cooling passage connecting piece between the cutting part 219 on the one hand and the machine side coolant supply can be provided on the other hand.
  • FIGs. Figures 12 and 13 are still cross-sectional views of two single lip, inventive drills. It can be seen that the flute 1 constitutes approximately one quarter of the space available on the drill diameter, while the web 2 occupies approximately three quarters.
  • the cooling channel 3 of the tool shown in FIG. 12 in this case has the kidney-shaped contour 30N already mentioned above, while the drilling tool shown in FIG. 13 has two cooling channels 3 which each have free-form contours 301, 302 which correspond approximately to a distorted ellipse.
  • the guide rails 20 are thus longer than the associated cutting plate and follow the tool bar helically. In this way, a circumferential support succeeds in the Bore that extends circumferentially over a certain peripheral area.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
EP03799447A 2002-12-19 2003-12-18 Sinterrohlinge mit gewendelten kühlkanälen Expired - Lifetime EP1572402B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10259779 2002-12-19
DE10259779 2002-12-19
DE10260136A DE10260136A1 (de) 2002-12-19 2002-12-20 Strangpressverfahren und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellter Sinterrohling bzw. Werkzeugkörper
DE10260136 2002-12-20
PCT/DE2003/004272 WO2004056513A2 (de) 2002-12-19 2003-12-18 Sinterrohlingen mit gewendelten kühlkanälen

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EP1572402A2 EP1572402A2 (de) 2005-09-14
EP1572402B1 true EP1572402B1 (de) 2007-04-25

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US (1) US20060006576A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP1572402B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP2006510804A (ko)
KR (1) KR20050085843A (ko)
AT (1) ATE360494T1 (ko)
AU (1) AU2003299278A1 (ko)
DE (2) DE10394165D2 (ko)
WO (1) WO2004056513A2 (ko)

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SE529856C2 (sv) 2005-12-16 2007-12-11 Sandvik Intellectual Property Belagt hårdmetallskär, sätt att tillverka detta samt dess användning för fräsning
SE529857C2 (sv) * 2005-12-30 2007-12-11 Sandvik Intellectual Property Belagt hårdmetallskär, sätt att tillverka detta samt dess användning för djuphålsborrning
US20080181735A1 (en) * 2007-01-25 2008-07-31 Ting Fong Electric & Machinery Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing drill cutters and structure thereof
JP5447130B2 (ja) * 2009-06-15 2014-03-19 三菱マテリアル株式会社 クーラント穴付きドリル
CH706934B1 (de) * 2012-09-14 2016-06-15 Mikron Tool Sa Agno Fräswerkzeug.
EP2952278B1 (en) * 2013-01-29 2020-03-11 OSG Corporation Drill
DE102013205056A1 (de) * 2013-03-21 2014-09-25 Gühring KG Mehrschneidiges Bohrwerkzeug mit innenliegenden Kühlkanälen
JP5951113B2 (ja) 2013-03-26 2016-07-13 オーエスジー株式会社 切削液供給穴付３枚刃ドリル
CN103350498B (zh) * 2013-07-16 2015-06-03 河北工业大学 一种非均质实体的制造方法和设备
DE102014006647A1 (de) * 2014-05-07 2015-11-12 Dürr Systems GmbH Reinigungsgerät für einen Zerstäuber und zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren
JP6398767B2 (ja) * 2015-02-10 2018-10-03 株式会社デンソー 工具ホルダ
CN107708900B (zh) 2015-06-30 2020-01-10 山高刀具公司 具有带内部冷却剂通道的喷嘴的切削刀具
AT15068U1 (de) * 2015-12-22 2016-12-15 Ceratizit Austria Gmbh Zerspanungswerkzeug-Grundkörper
CH712323A1 (de) * 2016-04-07 2017-10-13 Mikron Tool Sa Agno Spanabhebendes Werkzeug mit mindestens einem Kühlkanal.
JP6848160B2 (ja) * 2016-05-19 2021-03-24 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 切削工具
US10792738B2 (en) * 2016-07-26 2020-10-06 Kyocera Corporation Cutting tool and method of manufacturing machined product
DE102017115668A1 (de) * 2017-07-12 2019-01-17 Kennametal Inc. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schneidwerkzeugs sowie Schneidwerkzeug
DE102017212054B4 (de) * 2017-07-13 2019-02-21 Kennametal Inc. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schneidkopfes sowie Schneidkopf
JP7463689B2 (ja) 2018-12-26 2024-04-09 三菱マテリアル株式会社 クーラント穴付き回転工具
US20220111450A1 (en) * 2018-12-26 2022-04-14 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Rotating tool with coolant hole
US10814406B1 (en) * 2019-04-24 2020-10-27 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Internal cooling passages for rotating cutting tools
CN112077370A (zh) 2019-06-13 2020-12-15 肯纳金属印度有限公司 可转位钻头刀片
USD1009108S1 (en) 2020-09-21 2023-12-26 Kyocera Unimerco Tooling A/S Drill
JP7205656B1 (ja) * 2022-06-09 2023-01-17 株式会社タンガロイ ドリル本体およびドリル本体の製造方法

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JP2006510804A (ja) 2006-03-30
ATE360494T1 (de) 2007-05-15
AU2003299278A1 (en) 2004-07-14
US20060006576A1 (en) 2006-01-12
DE50307152D1 (de) 2007-06-06
EP1572402A2 (de) 2005-09-14
DE10394165D2 (de) 2005-11-03
WO2004056513A2 (de) 2004-07-08
KR20050085843A (ko) 2005-08-29
WO2004056513A3 (de) 2005-01-06
AU2003299278A8 (en) 2004-07-14

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