EP1570920A1 - Anlage und Verfahren zum maschinellen Klassifizieren von Brettern und Balken - Google Patents
Anlage und Verfahren zum maschinellen Klassifizieren von Brettern und Balken Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1570920A1 EP1570920A1 EP04005067A EP04005067A EP1570920A1 EP 1570920 A1 EP1570920 A1 EP 1570920A1 EP 04005067 A EP04005067 A EP 04005067A EP 04005067 A EP04005067 A EP 04005067A EP 1570920 A1 EP1570920 A1 EP 1570920A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- boards
- measuring device
- beams
- density
- plant according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000009310 astigmatism Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/04—Sorting according to size
- B07C5/12—Sorting according to size characterised by the application to particular articles, not otherwise provided for
- B07C5/14—Sorting timber or logs, e.g. tree trunks, beams, planks or the like
Definitions
- the invention relates to a plant and a method for mechanical Classifying boards or beams, the boards or beams individually continuously through measuring devices, in which they after physical and possibly also optical criteria analyzed and then classified with the classified boards or bars subsequently sorted according to their classification.
- the present invention relates to Such plants or processes in which the boards or beams as Intermediate for the production of glued laminated timber or beam plywood serve.
- Such a plant or such a process is known from EP 1 329 266 B1 known.
- As measuring devices here are X-ray meters as well Laser scanner provided. The laser scanners check the boards or Bars according to optical criteria. From the absorption of X-rays the density distribution of the wood can be determined. About the density distribution can be due to the relatively high degree of correlation between Wood density and wood strength conclusions on the strength of Draw boards or beams. Furthermore, the Astregionen in relation on location, size, shape, etc. accurately measured and from the totality For this data, the sorting parameter "branching" is calculated.
- the invention is therefore based on the object, the yield in the machine classification and sorting to further increase by the quality of the classification is further improved, the high Feed rates are to be maintained.
- This object is according to the invention in terms of the plant substantially solved by a density measuring device, over which at least the Density of the boards or beams is determined, a vibration measuring device, in which the boards or beams to Longitudinalschwingungen are excited and whose natural frequency is measured, and a Classification evaluation device, which outputs the output signals of the density measuring device and the output signals of the vibration measuring device evaluates and from this a strength parameter for Classification of the boards or beams created.
- the density measuring device an X-ray measuring device, on the also the knottiness of the boards or Bar is determined.
- the task is essentially characterized solved that by means of vibration measurement, the natural frequency of the boards or bar is measured, that by means of X-rays, the density and the knottiness of the boards or beams is determined that from the natural frequency, the density and the length of the boards or beams their modulus of elasticity is determined that from the modulus of elasticity of the Planks or bars is determined, and that the data concerning the strength and the data concerning the branching as a parameter for classification the boards or beams are used.
- the invention is superior to the prior art in that Prior art, the strength of the boards or bars from the measured value density, resulting in classification errors resulted in a correlation between density and strength, but this is not always clear and in practice by various Variables depends. In contrast, in the case of the present invention the strength of the natural frequency of the longitudinal vibrations the boards or beams derived via the modulus of elasticity, resulting in Knowledge of the density and the length of the boards or beams to unique and applicable strength values. Because of the now extremely reliable classification parameter "strength" it was possible the Yield again significantly increase.
- An essential element of the invention is thus the combination of Vibration measuring device in which the natural frequency of the boards or Beam is measured with an X-ray measuring device in which the Density of the boards or beams is measured to make this an extremely to obtain reliable value for the strength of the boards or beams, which serves as a classification parameter.
- a planing device in the transport direction the boards or beams seen in front of the density measuring device a planing device is provided, the vibration measuring device seen in the transport direction of the boards or beams before the planing device is arranged and the boards or beams the Traverse vibration measuring device in the cross pass while they go through the planing device in longitudinal passage. After the feed speed naturally is much smaller in the cross pass as in the longitudinal pass, remains for the vibration measurement of each Bretts or beams enough time, without thereby the high Feed rates in the longitudinal passage of the boards or beams would be affected.
- the determined by the vibration measuring device Data are transmitted online to the classification evaluation device.
- the boards or beams after passing through the vibration measuring device be marked according to the measured value and the markings in the area of the density measuring device are scanned and the classification evaluation device.
- the marking of the boards or bars by means of an ink-jet printer takes place and the scanning of the markers by means of a camera system.
- Such "offline" transmission of the data has the advantage that a board tracking between vibration measuring device and Density measuring device is not required or is avoided due to board ramifications, removal of boards, etc. wrong Data are read into the classification evaluation device.
- the vibration measuring device comprises following: means for momentary lifting of the board or beam to be measured from the conveyor, a beater for generating a shock on the front side of the raised Bretts or bars, and a device for preferably non-contact Measuring the natural frequency of the longitudinal vibrations of the battered boards or beams.
- the natural frequency could also with touch-sensitive sensors such as in particular piezo sensors measured, but with a slight loss of time and would mean a mechanical overhead.
- contactless Measuring can be measured by means of a microphone, for example. What can be achieved with relatively little effort, it arises, however here the problem of unwanted noise that the Can distort the measurement result.
- the device for non-contact measurement of the natural frequency therefore a laser vibrometer; Such laser vibrometers work with sound / vibration amplifiers and deliver extremely reliable contactless Measurement results.
- a humidity measuring device for determining the dampness of the boards or beams provided, the output signals the humidity measuring device also the classification evaluation device be supplied.
- This humidity measuring device is expediently upstream of the density measuring device.
- the system preferably further comprises a color scanner for optical Judgment of the wood surface of the density measuring device preferably downstream, wherein the color scanner is a marking station Downstream is to mark faulty areas of the boards or beams on the basis of by means of the density measuring device and / or the color scanner obtained data.
- Fig. 1 shows a system according to the invention in a schematic representation.
- the plant shown is in a plant for the production of workpieces (Boards or beams) used for the production of glued laminated timber or beam laminated wood is used.
- the workpieces not shown are taken from a likewise not shown bearing and isolated in a yerauchlesstrom 100, here already a first pre-sorting takes place, i. obviously become useless boards already eliminated here.
- the transport of the workpieces takes place here in the transverse direction on a transverse conveyor 103.
- a subsequent capping station 101 is in each case an end face of a each board cut to get a clean and even front.
- the transported in the transverse direction workpieces then go through the Vibration measuring device 102.
- the workpieces are individually successively raised in short order by the conveyor, thus the measurement is not affected by anti-vibration factors, and by means of an electromechanical impact device, not shown, on the clipped end face of the workpiece in the direction of the longitudinal direction of the Workpiece impact applied, so the workpiece vibrated.
- an electromechanical impact device not shown
- the natural frequency of the longitudinal vibrations of the battered Workpiece measured.
- the measured value is fed to a computer 104 and the value of the determined natural frequency is in a marking station 106 on the capped end face by means of an ink-jet printer in the form of a Barcodes or in plain text.
- the thus marked workpieces are then from the cross conveyor 103 to a Longitudinal conveyor 108 transferred and individually continuously in a longitudinal pass a planing device 110 supplied in which they are planed.
- the planing device 110 leaving workpieces are about a switch 112 is then alternately fed to two parallel measuring lines, They still, in the longitudinal direction, at a reduced speed run through.
- the high processing speed the planing line are used as best as possible and on the other hand, in the two measuring lines due to the reduced Throughput speed Measuring results of particularly high quality be achieved.
- EP 1 329 266 B1 directed. After the two measuring lines are identically equipped, it suffices to describe only one of the two measuring lines below.
- the workpieces pass through a reading station 114, in the means of a camera system located on the front side of the workpiece Barcode or the frequency value read in plain text and a classification evaluation device 116 is supplied. Then go through the Workpieces a humidity measuring device 118, in which the residual moisture of the Workpieces is determined. The corresponding measured value is also the Classification evaluation device 116 supplied.
- the workpieces pass through an X-ray measuring device 120 (X-ray scanner). From the absorption of the X-rays can be the Determine the density distribution of the wood. The data obtained will be also supplied to the classification evaluation device 116. The in the X-ray measuring device 120 obtained data allow for a the determination of the density (bulk density) of the respectively measured workpiece. On the other hand, the branch regions in terms of location, size, Diameter, shape, etc. precisely measured and from the totality of this Data is the "astigmatism" according to Austrian standard DIN 4074 calculated. Furthermore, the X-ray radiation also allows an assessment of Workpieces in the interior of the wood insofar as additionally the "Zinkengrund" can be determined very accurately according to DIN 68140. Identified strength-reducing wood defects are at the top of the workpieces (in the marking station 124) marked with fluorescent ink and later capped at a (not shown) finger jointing plant.
- a color scanner 122 for the recognition of optical wood features of any kind.
- This is equipped with 4 color cameras and 4 laser heads.
- 3-D errors are scanned and passed on to the synchronizing software.
- the by color pigments distinctive features are recorded by the cameras.
- the color scanner has an infrared device, by means of which the fiber direction can be determined.
- the classification evaluation device 116 may be of a central Computer or even by several collaborating, the individual measuring components associated with data processing units.
- the classification evaluator 116 evaluates the obtained ones Measured data and generates the values for the classification the individual workpieces in classes of different quality. In particular The classification evaluator 116 also generates a classification value for the strength and a classification value for the Branching of the workpieces.
- the classification value for the branching is as explained above obtained from the data of the X-ray scanner.
- the classification value for the strength becomes the natural frequency of the workpieces in the vibration measuring device 102 measured and the camera system 114 of the Classification evaluator 116 has been supplied, from the density of the workpiece resulting from the measurements in the X-ray scanner 120 derive and calculated from the length of the workpieces of the modulus of elasticity. From the elastic modulus can then the strength of each Workpiece reliably determined and thus a corresponding Classification value are generated.
- the classifications are then in the marking station 124, for example applied in the form of color codes laterally on the individual workpieces and from these classifications it is possible to get the workpieces then sort accordingly.
- the marked workpieces are then via transport paths 126, 128 merged into a common transport device 130, accordingly the classifications in individual floors of a floor storage 132 buffered and finally fed to a packaging plant 134.
- the boards or beams then become glulam or beam laminated wood further processed.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiment described limited.
- the two measurement lines 114 to 124 may be provided a single measuring line.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
- Image Analysis (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Supply And Installment Of Electrical Components (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- Anlage zum maschinellen Klassifizieren von Brettern bzw. Balken, bei der die Bretter bzw. Balken einzeln kontinuierlich Meßeinrichtungen durchlaufen, in denen sie nach physikalischen und ggf. auch optischen Kriterien analysiert und dann klassifiziert werden, wobei die klassifizierten Bretter bzw. Balken anschließend entsprechend ihrer Klassifizierung maschinell sortiert werden, gekennzeichnet durch
eine Dichte-Meßeinrichtung (120), über die zumindest die Dichte der Bretter bzw. Balken ermittelt wird,
eine Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung (102), in der die Bretter bzw. Balken zu Longitudinalschwingungen erregt werden und deren Eigenfrequenz gemessen wird, und
eine Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung (116), die die Ausgangssignale der Dichte-Meßeinrichtung (120) und die Ausgangssignale der Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung (102) auswertet und hieraus einen Festigkeits-Parameter zur Klassifizierung der Bretter bzw. Balken erstellt. - Anlage nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Dichte-Meßeinrichtung (120) eine Röntgen-Meßeinrichtung ist, über die auch die Astigkeit der Bretter bzw. Balken ermittelt wird.
- Anlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei in Transportrichtung der Bretter bzw. Balken gesehen vor der Dichte-Meßeinrichtung (120) eine Hobeleinrichtung (110) vorgesehen ist, die Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung (102) in Transportrichtung der Bretter bzw. Balken gesehen vor der Hobeleinrichtung (110) angeordnet ist und die Bretter bzw. Balken die Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung (102) im Querdurchlauf durchlaufen, während sie die Hobeleinrichtung (110) im Längsdurchlauf durchlaufen.
- Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Bretter bzw. Balken nach Durchlauf der Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung (102) entsprechend dem gemessenen Wert markiert werden und die Markierungen im Bereich der Dichte-Meßeinrichtung (120) abgetastet und der Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung (116) zugeführt werden.
- Anlage nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Markierung der Bretter bzw. Balken mittels eines Ink-Jet-Druckers (106) erfolgt und die Abtastung der Markierungen mittels eines Kamera-Systems (114).
- Anlage nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, wobei vor Aufbringung der Markierung jeweils eines der Enden der Bretter bzw. Balken in einer Kappstation (101) gekappt wird.
- Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei eine Einrichtung zur elektronischen Brettverfolgung der Bretter bzw. Balken zwischen der Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung (102) und der Dichte-Meßeinrichtung (120) vorgesehen ist.
- Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung (102) folgendes umfaßt:eine Einrichtung zum kurzzeitigen Anheben des zu messenden Bretts bzw. Balkens aus dem Förderer (103),eine Schlageinrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Schlags auf die Stirnseite des angehobenen Bretts bzw. Balkens, undeine Einrichtung zum berührungslosen Messen der Eigenfrequenz der Longitudinalschwingungen des angeschlagenen Bretts bzw. Balkens.
- Anlage nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Einrichtung zum berührungslosen Messen der Eigenfrequenz ein Laser-Vibrometer ist.
- Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei weiterhin eine Feuchte-Meßeinrichtung (118) zum Bestimmen der Feuchte der Bretter bzw. Balken vorgesehen ist, wobei die Ausgangssignale der Feuchte-Meßeinrichtung (118) ebenfalls der Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung (116) zugeführt werden.
- Anlage nach Anspruch 10, wobei die Feuchte-Meßeinrichtung (118) der Dichte-Meßeinrichtung (120) vorgeschaltet ist.
- Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei weiterhin ein Farbscanner (122) zur optischen Beurteilung der Holzoberfläche vorgesehen ist, der der Dichte-Meßeinrichtung (120) vorzugsweise nachgeschaltet ist.
- Anlage nach Anspruch 12, wobei dem Farbscanner (122) eine Markierstation (124) nachgeschaltet ist zur Markierung von fehlerhaften Bereichen der Bretter bzw. Balken auf der Basis von mittels der Dichte-Meßeinrichtung (120) und/oder des Farbscanners (122) gewonnenen Daten.
- Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Bretter bzw. Balken als Zwischenprodukt für die Herstellung von Brettschichtholz bzw. Balkenschichtholz dienen.
- Verfahren zum maschinellen Klassifizieren von Brettern bzw. Balken, bei dem die Bretter bzw. Balken einzeln kontinuierlich Meßeinrichtungen (102, 118, 120, 122) durchlaufen, in denen sie nach physikalischen und ggf. auch optischen Kriterien analysiert und dann klassifiziert werden, wobei die klassifizierten Bretter bzw. Balken anschließend entsprechend ihrer Klassifizierung maschinell sortiert werden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mittels Schwingungsmessung die Eigenfrequenz der Bretter bzw. Balken gemessen wird,
daß mittels Röntgenstrahlung die Dichte und die Astigkeit der Bretter bzw. Balken ermittelt wird,
daß aus der Eigenfrequenz, der Dichte und der Länge der Bretter bzw. Balken deren Elastizitätsmodul ermittelt wird,
daß aus dem Elastizitätsmodul die Festigkeit der Bretter bzw. Balken ermittelt wird, und
daß die Daten betreffend die Festigkeit und die Daten betreffend die Astigkeit als Parameter zur Klassifizierung der Bretter bzw. Balken verwendet werden.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL04005067T PL1570920T3 (pl) | 2004-03-04 | 2004-03-04 | Układ i sposób maszynowego klasyfikowania desek i belek |
| AT04005067T ATE317307T1 (de) | 2004-03-04 | 2004-03-04 | Anlage und verfahren zum maschinellen klassifizieren von brettern und balken |
| DE502004000277T DE502004000277D1 (de) | 2004-03-04 | 2004-03-04 | Anlage und Verfahren zum maschinellen Klassifizieren von Brettern und Balken |
| EP04005067A EP1570920B1 (de) | 2004-03-04 | 2004-03-04 | Anlage und Verfahren zum maschinellen Klassifizieren von Brettern und Balken |
| DE200420017889 DE202004017889U1 (de) | 2004-03-04 | 2004-03-04 | Anlage zum maschinellen Klassifizieren von Brettern bzw. Balken |
| NO20042066A NO325697B1 (no) | 2004-03-04 | 2004-05-19 | Anlegg og fremgangsmate for maskinell klassifisering av planker og bjelker |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04005067A EP1570920B1 (de) | 2004-03-04 | 2004-03-04 | Anlage und Verfahren zum maschinellen Klassifizieren von Brettern und Balken |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1570920A1 true EP1570920A1 (de) | 2005-09-07 |
| EP1570920B1 EP1570920B1 (de) | 2006-02-08 |
Family
ID=34745999
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04005067A Expired - Lifetime EP1570920B1 (de) | 2004-03-04 | 2004-03-04 | Anlage und Verfahren zum maschinellen Klassifizieren von Brettern und Balken |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1570920B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE317307T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE502004000277D1 (de) |
| NO (1) | NO325697B1 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL1570920T3 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020002787A1 (fr) | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-02 | Gerflor | Panneau acoustique pour la realisation d'un revetement de sol |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3063503B1 (fr) | 2017-03-06 | 2019-03-22 | Gerflor | Panneau acoustique pour la realisation d'un revetement de sol |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE9315506U1 (de) * | 1993-10-13 | 1993-12-02 | Fagus-Grecon Greten Gmbh & Co Kg, 31061 Alfeld | Vorrichtung zur maschinellen Festigkeitssortierung von Schnittholz |
| EP0616209A2 (de) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-09-21 | Finnforest Oy | Sortieren von Furnierblättern nach deren Festigkeit |
| EP1287912A1 (de) * | 2001-09-04 | 2003-03-05 | Finnforest Oy | Untersuchen und Sortieren von Holzfunieren |
| EP1329266A1 (de) * | 2002-06-04 | 2003-07-23 | Franz Binder Ges. mbH Holzindustrie | Anlage zum maschinellen Klassifizieren von Brettern bzw. Balken |
-
2004
- 2004-03-04 DE DE502004000277T patent/DE502004000277D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-04 AT AT04005067T patent/ATE317307T1/de active
- 2004-03-04 PL PL04005067T patent/PL1570920T3/pl unknown
- 2004-03-04 EP EP04005067A patent/EP1570920B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-19 NO NO20042066A patent/NO325697B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0616209A2 (de) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-09-21 | Finnforest Oy | Sortieren von Furnierblättern nach deren Festigkeit |
| DE9315506U1 (de) * | 1993-10-13 | 1993-12-02 | Fagus-Grecon Greten Gmbh & Co Kg, 31061 Alfeld | Vorrichtung zur maschinellen Festigkeitssortierung von Schnittholz |
| EP1287912A1 (de) * | 2001-09-04 | 2003-03-05 | Finnforest Oy | Untersuchen und Sortieren von Holzfunieren |
| EP1329266A1 (de) * | 2002-06-04 | 2003-07-23 | Franz Binder Ges. mbH Holzindustrie | Anlage zum maschinellen Klassifizieren von Brettern bzw. Balken |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020002787A1 (fr) | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-02 | Gerflor | Panneau acoustique pour la realisation d'un revetement de sol |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO20042066D0 (no) | 2004-05-19 |
| DE502004000277D1 (de) | 2006-04-20 |
| PL1570920T3 (pl) | 2006-04-28 |
| NO325697B1 (no) | 2008-07-07 |
| EP1570920B1 (de) | 2006-02-08 |
| NO20042066L (no) | 2005-09-05 |
| ATE317307T1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
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