EP1569053A2 - Zeitablaufanzeige, für lange Zeitintervalle, durch schnellen Farbwechsel - Google Patents

Zeitablaufanzeige, für lange Zeitintervalle, durch schnellen Farbwechsel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1569053A2
EP1569053A2 EP05003764A EP05003764A EP1569053A2 EP 1569053 A2 EP1569053 A2 EP 1569053A2 EP 05003764 A EP05003764 A EP 05003764A EP 05003764 A EP05003764 A EP 05003764A EP 1569053 A2 EP1569053 A2 EP 1569053A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
colorant
reactant
time indicator
neutralizing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05003764A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1569053A3 (de
Inventor
David J. Haas
Robert J. Holt
Leonhard H. Davis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brady Worldwide Inc
Original Assignee
Brady Worldwide Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brady Worldwide Inc filed Critical Brady Worldwide Inc
Publication of EP1569053A2 publication Critical patent/EP1569053A2/de
Publication of EP1569053A3 publication Critical patent/EP1569053A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F13/00—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by means not provided for in groups G04F5/00 - G04F10/00
    • G04F13/06—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by means not provided for in groups G04F5/00 - G04F10/00 using fluidic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F1/00—Apparatus which can be set and started to measure-off predetermined or adjustably-fixed time intervals without driving mechanisms, e.g. egg timers
    • G04F1/04—Apparatus which can be set and started to measure-off predetermined or adjustably-fixed time intervals without driving mechanisms, e.g. egg timers by movement or acceleration due to gravity
    • G04F1/06—Apparatus which can be set and started to measure-off predetermined or adjustably-fixed time intervals without driving mechanisms, e.g. egg timers by movement or acceleration due to gravity by flowing-away of a prefixed quantity of fine-granular or liquid materials, e.g. sand-glass, water-clock

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a time indicator and, in particular, to a long term time indicator which provides a rapid and clear indication of expiration.
  • Numerous devices which provide, after activation, a visual indication of the passage of a predetermined amount of time.
  • a time indicator is useful, for example, as a security badge, as an indicator of the length of time a perishable item has been on the wholesaler's or retailer's shelf and for numerous other uses.
  • time-indicating devices involve the migration of a colorant, dye or other material through a media.
  • Many of these known time indicators which are generally short term time indicators, are based on the migration of ink from one substrate through another substrate, i.e., in a path perpendicular to the surface of the substrate. After the ink diffuses for a time period through the substrate(s), it is viewed on a display surface to thereby indicate that the predetermined time has elapsed.
  • the time indicator may stay pure white for about a month and then start to gradually change color. During the time interval of gradual color change, the time indicator is in a "gray area" between absolutely YES and absolutely NO. This lack of a sharp transition time is a problem with simple dye diffusion systems.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,045,283 lists various color change reactions that are suitable for time indicator devices.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,045,283 describes the use of acid or base reactant depletion before trigger of an indicator or to control diffusion.
  • U.S. Patent Nos. 5,085,802 and 5,182,212 also describe the concept of acid or base reactant depletion before trigger of an indicator.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,254,969 describes the similar concept of oxygen depletion before trigger of an indicator.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,544,925 discloses the use of co-reactants for color formation in a time-temperature indicator system.
  • the aforedescribed devices are often complicated to adjust for a selected period of time. Adjustments often involve experimentation with many types of chemicals, inks, solvents, etc. to prepare a device which can operate under the conditions expected. Most of the prior art devices gradually change color over a period of time and involve, at best, a guess on how much time has elapsed. When this is combined with the possible variations in temperature, humidity, etc. that may exist in the environment of the time indicator, the viewer may have very little confidence that he is close to the expiration time of the device.
  • time indicator wherein the dye does not begin to appear until the end or near the end of the time interval.
  • Such a time indicator would remain unchanged (white or clear) until near the end of the time interval, and then the color would rapidly or, ideally, instantaneously appear.
  • a time switch a color-appearing step-function from white to dark
  • the time indicator would solve the problems with longer term indicators that suffer from an extended "gray time” where there is a slow change in the indication color.
  • the time indicator would allow for a reduced "gray time” for a longer term indicator.
  • the foregoing needs are met by a time indicator according to the invention.
  • the time indicator rapidly changes color after a specified time.
  • the time indicator system includes: a back part having a base substrate and a migrating reactant in or on the base substrate; and a front part having a timing layer, a neutralizing layer, a colorant layer, an opaque layer, a transparent adhesive enhancement layer, and a transparent front substrate.
  • the reactant When the time indicator is activated by placing the timing layer of the front part and the reactant of the back part in contact, the reactant begins to migrate through the timing layer and to the neutralizing layer at a known rate.
  • the neutralizing layer contains a counter pH agent that neutralizes the reactant.
  • the timing layer is optional and may be needed for controlling the migration rate of the reactant and to extend or vary the timing as needed by the application. There is an excess of reactant compared to the neutralizing agent.
  • the reactant migrates to the neutralizing layer and the acid or base is neutralized by the neutralizing agent. After the neutralizing agent is depleted, the reactant migrates to the colorant layer.
  • the colorant layer has a colorant in a matrix.
  • the colorant has a non-migratory form in which the colorant does not migrate in the matrix and a migratory form in which the colorant migrates in the matrix.
  • the reactant combines with the non-migratory form of the colorant and converts the colorant to its migrating form. After conversion, the colorant migrates through the colorant layer and the opaque layer and can be seen by the user in the transparent front substrate.
  • the time indicator according to the invention rapidly changes from a secure to an unsecure state (i.e., a color change is visible) after a well-defined delay time.
  • the timing control induction time or delay period
  • color change mechanisms the rate of switching to an "alarm" state
  • Previous devices used the timing control process and the color changing process to be the same.
  • This invention separates the timing process and the color changing process.
  • the time indicator is a three-step process. First is the activation process, followed by the timing process and then the color changing process. The activation process is a separate process, which is started by the end user, activated by allowing the front and back parts of the time indicator to come together.
  • Indicators in which the timing process and the color changing process are combined have indications that are not very clear to the user, that is, a gradual color appearance. Very problematic are prior indicators of long periods wherein the timing process is as long as the color change process, making it difficult to distinguish a clear endpoint. Prior devices where a visual message becomes either visible or obscured are based on diffusion of a dye or an activator, which controls both the timing control process and the color changing process. The present invention overcomes these difficulties.
  • the mechanism for the color change is separate from the mechanism to impart a time delay period so that the colorant remains immobilized until contacted by the reactant, which then allows the colorant to migrate very rapidly through the opaque layer and be seen by the end user.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a time indicator according to the invention prior to activation.
  • the present invention is directed to a time indicator that utilizes separate timing control and color change mechanisms. It utilizes either acid-base or oxidation-reduction reactants to migrate into and neutralize in a separate layer and then the excess migrates further, reacting with a non-migrating colorant. The non-migrating colorant reacts to a migrating colorant which then migrates through an opaque layer to a display layer. Utilizing this approach, an indicator can be made which allows for longer time periods (e.g., about 30 to 60 days) until initial readability with a distinct end point.
  • the time indicator is provided in two parts, a front part (activator) 1 and a back part 2.
  • the term "front” part is used herein to indicate the part which is viewed by an end user and does not limit the orientation of the time indicator in space.
  • the front part 1 includes a transparent substrate 3 or sheet such as polyester or acetate film. Attached to one side of the transparent substrate 3 is a transparent adhesive referred to as the enhancement layer 4. Together the transparent substrate 3 and the enhancement layer 4 form a transparent layer. Attached to the enhancement layer 4 is an opaque layer 5 which functions to hide a colorant that is contained in the attached colorant layer 6.
  • the colorant layer 6 includes a colorant (e.g., dye molecule) that does not migrate in its initial non-migratory form in the matrix comprising the colorant layer 6. After a predetermined time and a reaction, this colorant will change form and become a migrating colorant.
  • the layer adjacent and attached to the colorant layer 6 is a neutralizing layer 7.
  • the bottom layer of the front part 1 is a timing layer 8.
  • the timing layer 8 may not be required if the timing is sufficient without the timing layer 8.
  • the timing layer 8 may be an adhesive layer and/or the neutralizing layer 7 may be an adhesive layer used to attach it to the reactant layer 9 described below.
  • An optional release liner may be attached over the timing layer 8 or the neutralizing layer 7 for ease of handling before activation.
  • the back part 2 consists of a base substrate 10 such as paper or polymer film.
  • a reactant layer 9 contains a migrating reactant such as an acid or base that migrates upward into the front part 1.
  • the reactant layer 9 may be a continuous layer of the migrating reactant or may comprise discrete or dispersed regions of the migrating reactant. If the last bottom layer in the front part 1 is not an adhesive layer, then reactant layer 9 includes an adhesive. An optional release liner may be attached over the reactant layer 9 for ease of handling before activation.
  • the timing layer 8 of the front part 1 Upon activation, the timing layer 8 of the front part 1 is placed into contact with the reactant layer 9 of the back part 2.
  • the migrating reactant in reactant layer 9 will gradually migrate through the timing layer 8 into the neutralizing layer 7.
  • the migrating reactant will react with a neutralizing agent in the neutralizing layer 7.
  • the neutralizing agent is in an opposite form (coreactant) than the migrating reactant. If the reactant is an acid, then the neutralizing agent is a base or vice versa.
  • the result of the reaction of the reactant and coreactant is a neutral reaction product.
  • the reactant continues to migrate in the neutralizing layer 7 at a known rate. After a specified time, the neutralizing agent is depleted. The reactant will then be able to migrate into the colorant layer 6.
  • diffusion of the reactant through the timing layer 8 and the neutralizing layer 7 provides a timing control mechanism.
  • the colorant will change form.
  • the colorant will change from a non-migrating colorant to a migrating colorant.
  • the colorant can change by several means such as: acid/base neutralization, oxidation/reduction reaction, or similar reaction.
  • the preferred reaction is an acid/base neutralization.
  • An example of a time switch time indicator according to the invention includes the following for the front part 1: transparent substrate 3 comprising a transparent polymeric film; enhancement layer 4 comprising a transparent adhesive; opaque layer 5 including a colored adhesive; colorant layer 6 including an ionomer dye in a polymeric matrix; neutralizing layer 7 including an acid in an adhesive; and timing layer 8 including an adhesive.
  • the back part 2 includes: reactant layer 9 including a migrating reactant with a basic pH in an adhesive; and a base substrate 10 comprising paper or polymer film, which may have an adhesive (and optional associated removable release liner) on the bottom side for adhering to objects.
  • a preferred example of a time switch time indicator includes the following for front part 1: transparent substrate 3 comprising clear PET (polyester) film; enhancement layer 4 comprising a clear layer including an adhesive commercially available as H&N 213 pressure sensitive adhesive - 1 mil thick dry; white opaque layer 5 including commercially available Morton 1106V TiO 2 in H&N 213 pressure sensitive adhesive (59.7 %) - 1 mil thick dry; colorant layer 6 including an ionomer dye, propylene glycol and a matrix of a pressure sensitive adhesive commercially available as Duro Tak 80-1100 from National Starch and Chemical Company, Bridgewater New Jersey, USA - 1 mil dry; neutralizing layer 7 including paratoluene sulfonic acid, propylene glycol and Duro Tak 80-1100 pressure sensitive adhesive - 1 mil dry; and timing layer 8 including propylene glycol and Duro Tak 80-1100 pressure sensitive adhesive - 1 mil dry.
  • the back part 2 includes: reactant layer 9 including a 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol (AEDP) (base) migrating reactant in Duro Tak 80-1100 pressure sensitive adhesive -1 mil dry; and a base substrate 10 comprising paper or polymer film.
  • reactant layer 9 including a 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol (AEDP) (base) migrating reactant in Duro Tak 80-1100 pressure sensitive adhesive -1 mil dry
  • base substrate 10 comprising paper or polymer film.
  • colorant may be used in the time indicator of the invention.
  • the term colorant, used here, has a broad meaning in that it is a substance that has color or that can combine with another component and develop a new color.
  • the colorant can be: hydrophilic or hydrophobic dyes, pigments, leuco dyes, dye intermediates, pH indicators, reactive dyes or any color formers.
  • color can be formed after reacting with a reactant. These systems involve the migration of a component through the opaque layer. After migration of the component, a second component or components could react, interact, or combine to form a color change.
  • Many different color change mechanisms can be used and are known throughout the art. Examples of the color changing mechanisms are: pH indicators, oxidation or reduction of a colorant, substitution reactions, elimination reactions, acid/base reactions, metal ion complexation, photosensitive reaction, decomposition reactions, or any other reaction and interaction known in the art. These mechanisms can involve the use of many different materials and colorants such as: reactive dyes, dye intermediates, leuco dyes, and other commercially available dyes.
  • the color can appear in the time indicator of the invention is with the use of the opaque layer 5 that initially conceals the colorant in the colorant layer 6. After the colorant is converted from the non-migratory form to the migratory form, the migratory form of the colorant can migrate into the opaque layer 5 and enhancement layer 4, revealing the color. In order to see the color, the opaque layer 5 should have a color different from the color of the colorant when in the opaque layer 5 or when at the surface of the opaque layer 5.
  • One preferred non-migrating form of the colorant is an ionomer prepared from a dye called Disperse Orange 3. This type of colorant is referred to as an ionomer dye.
  • the dye in this form does not migrate in the preferred medium of the colorant layer 6.
  • the synthesis of this colorant in an ionamine form and similar others is as follows:
  • This ionamine colorant after being converted with a base (such as AEDP) yields a dye that migrates in the preferred medium of the colorant layer 6.
  • a base such as AEDP
  • Certain migratory dyes may be one color under a neutral environment, and when the dye migrates to the opaque layer 5 and the enhancement layer 4 and these layers are acidic in nature, the color will change toward a different color.
  • the opaque layer 5 and the enhancement layer 4 can also be neutral in pH such that the final color seen is the original color of the migratory dye. Different colors can be produced if the base (chromophore) of the ionomer dye is changed.
  • base chromophore
  • the preferred dye color is orange but there are several other dyes known in the art that can be used as the colorant in the colorant layer 6.
  • red dyes that can be used are: Disperse Red 60, Disperse Red 4, Disperse Red 11, Disperse Red 15, Disperse Red 91, Solvent Red 5, and Disperse Violet 17.
  • the neutralizing agent contains any coreactant that reacts with the migrating reactant.
  • the neutralizing agent is of opposite pH to the migrating reactant.
  • the coreactant in the neutralizing layer 7 prevents the migrating reactant from entering the colorant layer 6 and reacting with the colorant until the coreactant is depleted.
  • the reaction can be a typical acid/base reaction, where the migrating reactant is a base and the coreactant is an acid, or the migrating reactant is an acid and the coreactant is a base.
  • the reaction of an acid with a base yields a salt usually of a neutral pH.
  • the migrating reactant can react with the non-migratory ionomer dye in the colorant layer 6.
  • one suitable reaction is an acid/base reaction where the migrating reactant is a base and the neutralizing agent is an acid.
  • the migrating reactant can be a reduced species and the neutralizing agent can be the oxidizing agent (or vice versa).
  • the reduced species becomes oxidized until the entire oxidizing agent is depleted.
  • the migrating reactant can then migrate to the colorant layer 6 and interact with the non-migratory form of the colorant.
  • the timing layer 8 can be a separate layer or can be combined with the neutralizing layer 7 depending on the preferred timing of the time indicator application. It can include a pressure sensitive adhesive, hydrogel, plasticized polymer resin such as an acrylic, urethane, styrene, polyester or any other similar material. It may contain plasticizers that lower the Tg of the resin and allow the reactant to migrate. The timing layer 8 must allow the migrating reactant to diffuse through itself. The thickness, selection of migrating reactant and timing layer composition will be the main control of the timing for the migration of the reactant.
  • the timing control for the time indicator is based on the diffusion of the reactant in the timing layer 8 and the neutralizing layer 7, the rate of neutralization in the neutralizing layer 7, and the time required to deplete the neutralizing agent in the neutralizing layer 7 based on the amount of materials, thickness and composition.
  • the color changing process is completely separate. It is based on the diffusion of the migrating reactant to the non-migratory dye in the colorant layer 6, the rate of the non-migratory to migratory conversion of the dye, and the diffusion of the migratory dye in the colorant layer 6 and the opaque layer 5.
  • the activation process is the third process. Activation occurs when the end user marries the front part 1 and the back part 2 together. The goal is to have a long timing process yet have a short color changing process. The result is a clear understanding of the expiration point.
  • the present invention provides for a long term rapid color changing time indicator includes a front part and a back part.
  • the front part includes a transparent layer, an opaque layer, a colorant layer, and a neutralizing layer.
  • the colorant layer includes a matrix and a colorant having a non-migratory form that does not migrate in the matrix and having a migratory form that migrates in the matrix.
  • the back part has a reactant.
  • the reactant migrates into the neutralizing layer and a portion of the reactant is depleted by a coreactant.
  • the unreacted reactant migrates into the colorant layer and reacts with the non-migratory form of the colorant converting the non-migratory form to the migratory form such that the migratory form of the colorant migrates through the opaque layer to cause a visual color indication in the transparent layer.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Unknown Time Intervals (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
EP05003764A 2004-02-25 2005-02-22 Zeitablaufanzeige, für lange Zeitintervalle, durch schnellen Farbwechsel Withdrawn EP1569053A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US786449 1991-11-01
US10/786,449 US7139226B2 (en) 2004-02-25 2004-02-25 Long term rapid color changing time indicator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1569053A2 true EP1569053A2 (de) 2005-08-31
EP1569053A3 EP1569053A3 (de) 2007-12-19

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EP05003764A Withdrawn EP1569053A3 (de) 2004-02-25 2005-02-22 Zeitablaufanzeige, für lange Zeitintervalle, durch schnellen Farbwechsel

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US (1) US7139226B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1569053A3 (de)
AU (1) AU2005200674B2 (de)

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WO2017196950A1 (en) * 2016-05-11 2017-11-16 Brady Worldwide, Inc. Dye-based time-indicating label without initial gray time

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TWI391658B (zh) * 2006-12-08 2013-04-01 Wei Fang Su 時間歷程指示裝置、其配方及其形成方法
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JP5603335B2 (ja) * 2008-08-29 2014-10-08 ノボ・ノルデイスク・エー／エス 時間遅延インジケータを備える医療用注射器
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WO2014092977A3 (en) * 2012-12-12 2014-08-07 Brady Worldwinde, Inc. Dye-based time-indicating label
AU2013360154B2 (en) * 2012-12-12 2016-05-12 Brady Worldwide, Inc. Dye-based time-indicating label
WO2017196950A1 (en) * 2016-05-11 2017-11-16 Brady Worldwide, Inc. Dye-based time-indicating label without initial gray time
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7139226B2 (en) 2006-11-21
US20050185520A1 (en) 2005-08-25
EP1569053A3 (de) 2007-12-19
AU2005200674B2 (en) 2009-02-12
AU2005200674A1 (en) 2005-09-08

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