EP1565702B1 - Procédé de nettoyage de tubes dans les échangeurs de chaleur - Google Patents

Procédé de nettoyage de tubes dans les échangeurs de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1565702B1
EP1565702B1 EP03810424A EP03810424A EP1565702B1 EP 1565702 B1 EP1565702 B1 EP 1565702B1 EP 03810424 A EP03810424 A EP 03810424A EP 03810424 A EP03810424 A EP 03810424A EP 1565702 B1 EP1565702 B1 EP 1565702B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cleaning
tube
bodies
tubes
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03810424A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1565702A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Werner Schildmann
Dietmar Altegoer
Rainer Kretzschmar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Taprogge GmbH
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Taprogge GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1565702A1 publication Critical patent/EP1565702A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G1/00—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances
    • F28G1/12—Fluid-propelled scrapers, bullets, or like solid bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • B08B9/053—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
    • B08B9/055—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles
    • B08B9/0551—Control mechanisms therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • B08B9/053—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
    • B08B9/055—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles
    • B08B9/0552—Spherically shaped pigs

Definitions

  • tube bundle heat exchangers namely so-called crude oil heater (COH)
  • COH crude oil heater
  • the heating of the crude oil is carried out in stages via several parallel and in series COH heat exchangers.
  • the tubes of the heat exchanger are heated from the outside with process medium. Due to the heat transfer at the tubes of the heat exchanger, deposits and incrustations of particles from the crude oil flow on the inside of the tube occur. These worsen the heat transfer, with the result of a lower heating of the crude oil.
  • the manual cleaning of the heat exchangers is widely used.
  • a major disadvantage of this method is that the operation of the heat exchanger and thus usually the entire system in which the heat exchanger is installed, must be shut down.
  • the heat exchangers are opened - for this they must be arranged appropriately accessible and structurally designed in a suitable manner for easy periodic opening - and with conventional methods such as.
  • High pressure cleaning or cleaned with brushes / scrapers are another disadvantage of this method that the coating on the pipe inner wall indeed removed, but its formation and its growth with a corresponding deterioration of the heat transfer not to avoid from the outset. Because between the cleaning intervals, the heat transfer deteriorates considerably during operation.
  • the effective during the operation of the heat exchanger mechanical cleaning process are already affected by the very high operating temperatures, which are above 120 ° C and can easily reach ranges of about 400 ° C, and by the chemical stress by use in an aggressive medium such as crude oil special requirements.
  • the use of fixedly installed in the heat exchanger cleaning elements and it is based on the principle to attach cleaning bodies such as helical spring elements or the like to a receiving device at the inlet of the heat exchanger, which are arranged loosely in the tubes and extending through the tubes.
  • the cleaning elements consist of temperature- and medium-resistant materials.
  • the receiving device allows a rotating movement of the cleaning elements in the tube.
  • turbulence is generated in the flow medium by the shape and arrangement of the cleaning elements, which delay the formation of deposits.
  • adhering to the pipe inner wall dirt or the like are removed by the movement of the cleaning element, so that a deposit formation is substantially prevented.
  • cleaning method with permanently installed cleaning elements have the disadvantage that the cleaning elements housed in the pipe itself, usually over its entire length, cause a permanent increase in the friction losses of the flow and thus an increased energy expenditure for the medium to be heated.
  • the cleaning elements also form obstacles in the free pipe cross section, so that dirt particles stuck to the cleaning elements and can lead to pipe blockages.
  • the heat exchanger For returning the brushes to the baskets on the inlet side, the heat exchanger must either be turned off to allow the brushes to be returned to the inlet side from the outlet side. Or the piping system for the heat exchanger is set up so that the heat exchanger for the return of the brushes by switching valves from the medium is reversed, with the collected in the baskets on the previous outlet side of the tube bundle of the heat exchanger brushes the pipes now with the medium flow in the reverse direction and collected in the baskets on the previous inlet side, which now forms the outlet again. The switching of the passage direction of the medium flow in the heat exchanger is made periodically.
  • WO 99/23 438 From the WO 99/23 438 is a system for cleaning the tube of single-tube heat exchangers for a method of the type mentioned above known, which are mainly used in petrochemical plants as Enderhitzer.
  • the tube of such a heat exchanger usually has a meandering course and can easily reach a length of 1000 m.
  • a "pig" designated cleaning body passes through the single tube under the pressure of the flow medium, wherein the engaging with the pipe inner wall under the action of a pressing force in contact surface Cleans deposits from the inner wall of the pipes, which are discharged with the flow medium from the pipe.
  • the cleaning body has a cylindrical hollow shape and its diameter is adapted to the diameter of the single tube.
  • the pressure required for pressing the contact surface of the tubular body to the pipe inner wall pressure is either by the pressure of the flow medium or by a standing under radial tension support structure, the z. B. can be designed as a helical spring causes.
  • the cleaning body is closed on one side in order to exploit the back pressure for forward movement can.
  • the cleaning body is made of metal so that it is temperature resistant and resistant to aggressive flow media such as crude oil.
  • the length of the cleaning body is always considerably larger than the diameter of the single tube.
  • the cleaning body is constantly kept in circulation by means of apparatus arrangements or collected, stored and reused in the single pipe if necessary.
  • the cleaning body always cleans only one pipe, namely the respective single tube of the heat exchanger, which he may pass through several times.
  • a system for cleaning tubes of shell and tube heat exchangers in which a plurality of between two chambers arranged pipes of a flow medium, preferably, cooling water, to be flowed through.
  • Cleaning bodies pass through the pipes to clean them of deposits on the inner wall.
  • the dissolved deposits are discharged from the cleaning bodies from the pipes. So that the cleaning body in the flowing flow medium, even with large flow areas such.
  • B. are freely transportable in the chambers of the heat exchanger, the cleaning body each consist of a buoyant body and a disc-shaped cleaning element having a suitable for cleaning deposits from a pipe inner wall contact edge.
  • the cleaning member seals the cross-section of the pipe passing therethrough, so that the cleaning body can pass through the pipe under the pressure of the flow medium, the contact edge of the cleaning member being pressed against the pipe inner wall under the action of a pressing force.
  • the buoyant body as well as the cleaning element basically consists of polymeric plastics, the buoyancy body made of PE or PP and the cleaning element made of PE, the buoyancy body may also consist of metal such as stainless steel. This design is intended for high pressure as well as for cooling media which have deleterious effects on polymeric materials.
  • the cleaning element on the other hand, is always made of elastomeric material because, by being in physical contact with the inside of the pipe surface, it actually cleans and also causes complete or partial sealing against the pipe wall, thus allowing the cleaning body to flow through the heat exchanger tube by the pressure of the flow medium to be driven.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a method for cleaning pipes of heat exchangers for Flow media, in particular crude oil, with a temperature above 120 ° C to provide, in which a cleaning of the inner wall of the heat exchanger tubes is also in a variety of tubes in heat exchangers during operation of the heat exchanger.
  • the process should meet the requirements that dictates a flow medium, which has high temperatures and is classified as chemically aggressive.
  • the inventive method allows a cleaning of the tubes of shell and tube heat exchangers under the conditions mentioned at the beginning of the description during operation of the heat exchanger and the other components of the system to which the heat exchanger is assigned.
  • the cleaning bodies provided in the two alternative methods are resistant to high temperatures and aggressive flow media such as crude oil due to a suitable material selection and a suitable construction. They are designed in construction and density so that they are transported freely in the flowing flow medium on the inlet side of the tube bundle heat exchanger in the local chamber and distribute on the tube bottom of the chamber to enter there into one of the pipes to be cleaned. They pass through the pipe to be cleaned in each case under the pressure of the flow medium by entering on the inlet side of the tube bundle heat exchanger from the local chamber at the inlet of the tubes and leave the tubes after passing the outlet again.
  • the contact surface of the cleaning body is formed so that it detects adhering to the pipe inner wall deposits such as coking, dirt or the like and dissolves, so that they can be taken by the flow medium and / or the cleaning body itself and discharged from the pipe. In this way, no coating in the sense of a longer-lasting deposition of dirt particles can form on the pipe inner wall. Even encrustations on the inside of the pipe are avoided.
  • the cleaning bodies are collected after passing through the pipes and if necessary fed to the inlet openings of the pipes for a further cleaning pass through the pipes.
  • the cleaning body on the outlet side are not supplied to individual collecting devices but that the cleaning body collected and returned together to the inlet side, at least on a common path that requires no complex intervention or measures for recycling.
  • the cleaning bodies are guided in a continuous or discontinuous cycle, namely collected after passing through the pipes in a safety device and either fed directly to the inlet side of the pipes for a new run or first collected in a receiving device, wherein the cleaning of the pipes interrupted and only after a predetermined period of time or depending on the degree of contamination of the tubes or other parameters is performed again.
  • This process variant is very important because it allows an automatic continuous or discontinuous recycling of the cleaning body, so that overall results in a very easy to perform and very efficient cleaning of the inner wall of the tubes, without requiring a significant construction effort is required.
  • a safety gear for the cleaning body behind the outlet sides of the heat exchanger, a safety gear, for example.
  • a fixed or movable screen or a filter for collecting the cleaning body from the media stream is used.
  • Stationary safety gears such as filters or fixed screens, usually span the entire cross-section of the discharge lines on the outlet side of the heat exchanger.
  • Movable sieves are between a neutral position where they allow the entire medium flow to pass through with all the components, and a collecting position in which they span the entire cross section of the discharge line of the medium for collecting the cleaning body, switchable.
  • the respective safety gear is followed by a lock for filling and removal of the cleaning body.
  • the lock can also serve for the intermediate storage of the cleaning body during the interruption of the pipe cleaning.
  • the property of the cleaning bodies is important to sink or rise in the stagnant flow medium. Because so is a slight separation of the cleaning body of the flow medium for storing the same in locks or the like possible.
  • the cleaning body substantially spherical, elastic rolling body with cleaning surface, wherein the entire surface of the cleaning body forms the contact surface for cleaning deposits from the pipe inner wall.
  • This form and design of the cleaning body is characterized by very significant advantages. Firstly, you need to use the body due to its spherical shape or its convex shape not bounded in the tube inlet of the pipe to be cleaned, but the cleaning body takes in every position after entering the pipe automatically an adaptation to the free inner cross-section of the pipe, without that special measures must be taken for this purpose.
  • the outer diameter of the cleaning body in the pressure-free state namely before the entry of the cleaning body into the tube, larger than the inner diameter of the tube, and the outer diameter of the cleaning body fits the Inner diameter of the tube, when the cleaning body enters the inlet opening of the tube and is elastically resiliently compressed.
  • the contact pressure, with which the contact surface of the cleaning body with the inner wall of the tube is engaged generated by a correspondingly resilient structure of the cleaning body.
  • the cleaning body in the pressure-free state is given a larger outer diameter than the inner diameter of the tube corresponds.
  • the cleaning body after a cleaning passage on the outlet side of the tubes as a batch, ie as an amount, collected and fed back to the pipes for cleaning, either by flow reversal at the previous outlet or by reacting the cleaning body in total to the previous inlet side which always stays on the intake side.
  • the cleaning body has a buoyancy element on the inside and a cleaning element on the outside.
  • the buoyancy element With the buoyancy element, the position or the path of the cleaning body is predetermined or influenced in the medium flow, while the cleaning element takes over the function of the pipe cleaning.
  • the buoyancy element With the buoyancy element is to be achieved that the cleaning body is transported freely in the flowing medium flow, so that the cleaning body, especially as possible on the inlet side of the heat exchanger, ie before the tube sheet, distribute as possible, so that the tubes are cleaned with approximately the same frequency.
  • the design of the buoyancy element must therefore be taken to ensure that an overall density of the cleaning body is achieved, which is tailored to the density of the process medium so that the cleaning body transported freely in the flowing medium flow becomes.
  • the design of the cleaning element is important to ensure that especially the spherical or spherical contact surface for cleaning deposits or deposited on the pipe inner wall dirt or the like is suitable and designed to be correspondingly abrasive.
  • the buoyancy element is arranged in the center of the cleaning body and consists of one or more pressure-resistant or pressure-resistant hollow bodies, e.g. metal or low specific weight bodies, e.g. Metal foam exists.
  • the required compressive strength depends above all on the relatively high system pressure, which is e.g. in systems for heating crude oil.
  • the contact surface of the cleaning element must have an abrasive effect, so that deposits can be cleaned off the inner wall of the pipe.
  • the cleaning element of metal lamellae, metal knit, metal mesh, metal foil or the like, namely heat resistant and against aggressive media insensitive materials with edges that are suitable for cleaning residues from the pipe inner wall
  • the cleaning element should also be designed resiliently resilient so that a corresponding contact force between the Kontakfläehe and the pipe inner wall is generated when the cleaning body enters the pipe.
  • the immediately effective portion of the spherical or spherical contact surface may correspond due to the resilient properties of the cleaning element of a narrow, band-shaped flattening, which extends in a circle around the cleaning body and is in engagement with the pipe inner wall.
  • a resilient elastic binding material such as metal foam carries the cleaning element and alone causes the necessary resilient behavior of the cleaning body. Rather, the necessary elasticity is generated jointly by the binding material and the cleaning element.
  • the cleaning element may also be partially or completely embedded in the binding material.
  • a cleaning of the contact surface of the cleaning body can be made before their re-feeding to the inlet side of the heat exchanger z. B. by high-pressure blasting the contact surface of the cleaning body, and / or by mechanical means such as brushes or the like. Inspection of the cleaning body with respect to wear or damage or the like is possible at any time on the way of the cleaning body from the outlet side of the heat exchanger to the inlet side.
  • the cleaning bodies each comprise a buoyant body and a cleaning element articulated thereto.
  • This is preferably a front buoyancy body, viewed in the flow direction of the flow medium in the tubes, and a cleaning element arranged on the rear side thereof.
  • the functions "buoyancy” and “cleaning” are divided into two separate body parts, even if the two body parts are combined to form a cleaning body.
  • the weight of the cleaning element is taken into account. The buoyancy element first enters the pipe to be cleaned and carries with it the cleaning element attached to its rear side.
  • the buoyancy element has a spherical or spherical shape and assumes the function of a floating body, which is formed from one or more cavities or with a correspondingly porous structure.
  • the diameter of the buoyancy element is expediently smaller than the inner diameter of the tube, so that the buoyancy element easily enter the tube inlet and the tube can pass through as unhindered.
  • the cleaning element of this cleaning body is preferably formed leaf-shaped or disc-shaped and circular spring plate and carries a ring of elastically resilient fins, which rests as a contact surface on the pipe inner wall.
  • the diameter of the disk rim is therefore larger in the free state than in the pipe when the disk ring is elastically resiliently compressed to the pipe inside diameter and thus the necessary contact pressure is generated.
  • the pressure of the flow medium predominantly acts on the cleaning element, to push the cleaning body along with the flow medium through the pipe.
  • the front buoyancy element can serve as a propulsion body, for example by keeping the circular gap between the outside of the buoyancy element and the tube inner wall relatively narrow.
  • connection between the buoyant body and the cleaning element is articulated and thus permits a limited radial relative movement and preferably a limited relative axial movement of the buoyant body and the cleaning element. It has been found that this articulated connection with radial and axial play between the cleaning element and the buoyancy body assists the alignment and entry of the cleaning bodies into the tubes of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
  • the cleaning element on clover-shaped lamellae which are separated by a wide slot and have rounded corners.
  • This form of cleaning element separates the slats from each other, so that no jamming of the slats can take place at pipe ends or the like.
  • a buoyancy element is arranged on both sides of the cleaning element.
  • the aforementioned articulated connection between the cleaning element and the two buoyancy bodies is also used.
  • An essential feature of the method according to the invention is that the combination of the buoyant body and the cleaning element - regardless of whether the cleaning body are designed in one or more parts - in their total density and shape is designed so that the cleaning body in the flowing flow medium especially for large flow areas such. B. are transported freely in the chambers of the tube bundle heat exchanger. As a result, the cleaning bodies are distributed in the turbulent flow in the chamber at the inlet in front of the tubesheet of the tube bundle heat exchanger.
  • the material of the cleaning member and the material of the elasticity medium, if used as a binding material, and the buoyancy element material be temperature resistant (120 ° C min.) And resistant to aggressive media such as crude oil, preferably metal.
  • FIG. 1 as an exemplary embodiment of the application of the method according to the invention purely schematically illustrated system is used for heating a crude oil stream in a tube bundle heat exchanger 10, the crude oil is supplied through a supply line 11 in the direction of arrow 12 with the assistance of a pump 13.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises in the usual way a between two chambers 10 a, 10 b arranged bundle of about 100 to 500 tubes 5, in which the crude oil is heated with the process heat, which is effective through the pipe wall to the crude oil, when the tubes. 5 passes.
  • Behind the heat exchanger 10 the crude oil via the line 14 in the direction of arrow 15 off and the next processing stage - usually the final heater - fed.
  • the temperature of the crude oil passed through the plant may be, for example, in the range of 120 ° C to 400 ° C.
  • FIG. 1 and 1a are indicated as small circles in the chambers 10a, 10b and will be explained in more detail with reference to other figures.
  • the cleaning body pass through the pipe to be cleaned 5 each free under the pressure of the crude oil stream by entering the inlet of the tube 5 and leave the tube 5 after passing through the outlet in the chamber 10 b again. In this case, an intensive cleaning of the entire pipe inner wall takes place.
  • FIG. 1 serves primarily a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, after which the cleaning bodies are guided in a continuous or discontinuous cycle.
  • a safety gear 16 from the crude oil flow of the line 14 and discharged through a line 17 in the direction of arrow 18, while the crude oil flow the system without cleaning body via a discharge line 15a leaves again.
  • a filter may be provided as a stationary safety gear, which spans the entire cross section of the safety gear 16.
  • movable or fixed sieves - in FIG. 1 indicated by the dashed line 16a - are used as safety gear 16. The sieves can be switched between a neutral position in which they allow the entire crude oil flow to pass, and a collecting position in which they span the entire cross section of the safety gear 16 and remove the cleaning bodies from the crude oil stream.
  • the cleaning body in the case of a discontinuous feeding of the cleaning body in the circuit or in the supply line 11- either periodically after a certain period of time or depending on the degree of contamination of the tubes 5 or other parameters - the cleaning body through the conduit 17 through a collecting device, namely fed to a lock 19, in which they are collected and fed at a predetermined time via the line 30 and a check valve 40 in the direction of arrow 41 back into the feed 11.
  • the lock 19 is divided into an upper chamber 20 and a lower chamber 21, which are separated by a bottom 22 from each other.
  • a bypass 26 which starts from the upper chamber 20 and is connected at its other end in a specific position to the lower chamber 21, there is a pump 28, the coming of the line 17 crude oil via a wire basket 29 or the like no cleaning body passes, from the upper chamber 20 so feeds into the lower chamber 21 that the beam entering there, as indicated by the double arrow, the flap 24 holds in the closed position of the opening 23, as long as the cleaning body in the upper chamber 20th to be collected.
  • the pump 28 is turned off, the flap 24 drops to the open position shown in dashed lines in the drawing, so that the cleaning body from the upper chamber 20 into the lower chamber 21 pass.
  • the flap 24 is in the open position. As soon as the drive of the pump 28 is switched on, the flap 24 pivots upwards under the action of the crude oil flow directed against the flap 24 out of the bypass line 26 into the closed position.
  • the cleaning bodies are conveyed by the crude oil flow from the bypass line 26 into the conduit 30, in which the non-return valve 40 is opened by the pressure of the flow medium at the beginning of the cleaning cycle, and from here back into the inlet conduit 11.
  • the catcher 16 collected cleaning body are returned through the conduit 17 into the upper chamber 20th transported because the opening 23 is closed by the flap 24.
  • the drive of the pump 28 is turned off.
  • the crude oil jet from the bypass line 26 stops, so that the flap 24 pivots back under the action of gravity from the closed position to the open position.
  • the check valve 40 prevents backflow of the medium.
  • the cleaning bodies sink from the upper chamber 20 through the opening 23 into the lower chamber 21. There they remain until the beginning of the next cleaning cycle.
  • Fig. 1 The above with reference to Fig. 1
  • the mode of operation described is used with sinking cleaning bodies, ie with cleaning bodies of higher density than the operating medium (eg crude oil).
  • the operating medium eg crude oil
  • an alternative design and operation of the lock is provided for cleaning body with a lower density, ie cleaning body, ascend in the operating medium, possibly also crude oil.
  • An embodiment of such a lock is shown in a schematic representation Fig. 1a refer to. The following description is essentially limited to the structure and operation of the lock.
  • This lock 19 is similar to the lock 19 in Fig. 1 divided into an upper and lower chamber 20, 21, which are separated by a bottom 22 from each other.
  • an opening 23 which is closed by a pivotable about an axis 25 flap 24 when the cleaning bodies are collected in the lower chamber 21.
  • a bypass 26 which starts from the lower chamber 21 and is connected at its other end in a certain position to the upper chamber 20, there is a pump 28 as in the former embodiment, the crude oil coming from the conduit 17 via a wire basket 29 or the like, which passes no cleaning body, from the lower chamber 21 so in the upper chamber 20 feeds that the beam entering there, as indicated by the double arrow, the flap 24 against the spring force of a spring 24 a in the closed position of the opening 23 holds as long as the cleaning bodies are collected in the lower chamber 21.
  • the flap 24 opens by the spring force in the open position shown in the drawing with dashed lines, so that the cleaning body of the lower chamber 21 ascend into the upper chamber 20.
  • the flap 24 is in the open position. Once the operation of the pump 28 is turned on, the flap 24 swings down under the action of directed against the flap 24 crude oil flow from the bypass line 26 against the spring force down to the closed position.
  • the cleaning bodies are conveyed by the crude oil flow from the bypass line 26 into the conduit 30, in which the non-return valve 40 is opened by the pressure of the flow medium at the beginning of the cleaning cycle, and from here back into the inlet conduit 11.
  • the drive of the pump 28 is turned off.
  • the crude oil jet from the bypass line 26 stops, so that the flap 24 swings back under the action of the spring force from the closed position to the open position.
  • the cleaning bodies rise from the lower chamber 21 through the opening 23 into the upper chamber 20. There they remain until the next cleaning cycle.
  • FIG. 2 there is a cleaning body 1a from a central, spherical hollow body as a buoyant body 2 with an outer abrasive cleaning element 4 made of metal knit, which is connected with the interposition of a metallic elasticity medium 3 fixed to the buoyancy body 2.
  • the compounds of the ingredients are prepared by conventional bonding methods such as welding, gluing, soldering or the like.
  • the buoyant body 2 in this case is relatively small in comparison to the cleaning element 4, whose metal knit as well as the structure of the elastic medium 3 is relatively loose, so that the buoyancy body 2 with respect to the desired total density of the cleaning body 1a to compensate for a relatively low weight Has.
  • the density of the cleaning body 1a is basically to be adjusted to the density of the medium, unless there are circumstances that allow or even require a significant difference. All parts of the cleaning body 1a are made of metal - with the exception of the adhesive, which also consists of a highly heat-resistant Plastic can exist.
  • the metal knit of the cleaning element 4 is made of Mo, four-edged wire or strip material made of stainless steel, wherein the cleaning element 4 together with the elasticity medium 3 the cleaning body 1 a gives the necessary elastic resilience.
  • the components of the cleaning body 1a are designed for process temperatures as high as 400 ° C, and are resistant to an aggressive process medium such as crude oil.
  • an aggressive process medium such as crude oil.
  • a tubular mat made of spring steel wire mesh can be used, wherein the hose can be soldered or welded at both ends for closing and fastening, for example.
  • What is essential is the elasticity of this layer, so that the cleaning body 1 a easily adapt to the inner diameter of the pipe to be cleaned and yet, when the cleaning body 1 a passes through the pipe, can exert a pressure on the inner wall of the pipe, which is used to clean up contaminants from the inner wall of the pipe Pipe is sufficient.
  • the metal knit or expanded metal of the cleaning body 4 is fixedly connected to the elastic medium 3 by soldering or by another conventional joining method as mentioned above.
  • a blank thus formed is pressed at the end in a spherical shape.
  • the spherical hollow body of the buoyancy element 2 is formed for example from two deep-drawn metal half-shells.
  • the cleaning body 1 b is formed from a pressure-resistant hollow metal ball as a buoyant body 2 with a substantially spherically shaped cleaning element 4 made of metal braid or stretched metal made of spring steel attached directly thereto.
  • the cleaning element 4 which may consist of metal knit or metal braid as in the previous embodiments, both directly attached to the buoyant body 2, for example by soldering and also fully or partially embedded in the elastic medium 3, the can consist of a temperature-resistant elastomer or elastic metal foam.
  • the cleaning medium 4 and the elastomer in an injection mold are brought into the desired spherical shape in one operation and the elastomer injected into the structure of expanded metal or metal knit. This manufacturing process is particularly easy to perform.
  • welding, gluing, soldering or the like are also used here as connection methods.
  • the buoyancy body 2 is also significantly smaller than the cleaning element 4, and this cleaning body 1e is made of the in FIG. 6 shown blank 1e 'produced.
  • this cleaning body 1e is made of the in FIG. 6 shown blank 1e 'produced.
  • slotted Ronde 5 soldered from spring steel, as indicated for example at 6.
  • two half-round halves 5a are soldered at an angle of 90 ° relative to the blank 5 on the buoyancy body 2, whereupon semicircular or quarter-circle Ronde segments 5b in the off FIG. 6 be seen symmetrical manner in the remaining spaces on the buoyancy body 2 are arranged and soldered.
  • the design of the weight takes place in that the density of the cleaning body is adapted to the density of the medium so that the cleaning body can be transported freely in the media flow and distribute above all in the region of the tube plate of the heat exchanger to when the cleaning body in the pipes to be cleaned. 5 are to be fed. Possible exceptions have been pointed out in the description of the first embodiment.
  • the cleaning bodies 1a-1e are fed via the supply line 11 for the crude oil flow on the inlet side of the heat exchanger 10 and thus reach the chamber 10a and thus in the area in front of the tubesheet of the heat exchanger 10.
  • the cleaning body 1a-1e are easily taken so that they enter the inlet of one of the tubes to be cleaned 5 of the heat exchanger 10.
  • the cleaning body 1a-1e are resiliently compressed until reaching the inner diameter of the tubes.
  • the cleaning body 1f formed in two parts.
  • approximately pear-shaped or spherical but preferably spherical metal hollow body as a buoyant body 2 is as a cleaning element 4, a circular and sheet-shaped disc spring plate with a thickness of ca, 0.05-0.5 mm centered, as shown , for example, fixed by welding or soldering.
  • the required strength or stability determines the minimum thickness of this disc whose diameter has an excess compared to the inner diameter of the tubes 5 to be cleaned.
  • the cleaning element 4 At the outer edge of the cleaning element 4 is a ring of elastically resilient fins 4a, the elastically yielding at the entrance of the cleaning element 4 in the pipe to be cleaned 5, so that the outer diameter of the cleaning element 4 adapts to the inner diameter of the tube and the fins 4a be pressed against the inner wall of the tube 5 with the necessary contact force.
  • the slats can 4a of the cleaning element 4 clean deposits such as dirt particles or the like from the inner wall of the tube 5 when the cleaning body 1f passes through the tube 5 under the action of the flow medium.
  • the density of the cleaning body is tuned to the density of the flow medium here as well.
  • the cleaning body 1f is designed with respect to the selection of the metal and the connection between the buoyant body 2 and the cleaning element 4 for operating temperatures of about 400 ° C as well as with respect to the chemically aggressive properties of crude oil forming the flow medium.
  • the cleaning body 1f in the two-part design such as in Fig. 7 shown, in the region of the tube plate of the heat exchanger, when the cleaning body 1f are fed into the pipes to be cleaned 5, self-alignment at the latest before the inlet of the pipes 5 to be cleaned, in such a way that always the buoyancy body 2 is the first in the inlet of the Tube 5 dips and the cleaning element 4 follows the buoyancy body 2, so that automatically in FIG. 7 shown position of the cleaning body 1f in the tube 5 results.
  • the cleaning body 1f can be removed in the safety gear 16 from the crude oil stream of the line 14 and discharged into the line 17 and either feed directly back into the feed 11 for continuous cleaning of the tubes of the tube bundle heat exchanger as the heat exchanger 10 of Fig. 1 shown plant or transport via the line 17 into the lock provided as a collection device 19 and feed from there at a given time back into the supply line 11.
  • the disk of the cleaning element 4 can be made thick-walled in the middle as the outside. Because the required elasticity for the purpose of adaptation to the inner diameter of the tube 5 is applied exclusively by the outer edge of the cleaning element 4.
  • the hollow body or the ball of the buoyant body 2 can be made much smaller than in the rest in the other Fig. 7 illustrated example. It should also be noted that in the cleaning body 1 f required for the generation of the necessary differential pressure blocking in the pipe 5 is taken only by the disc of the cleaning element 4. This feature is also important for the automatic alignment of the cleaning body 1f.
  • Fig. 8 in the Abcuriswolf in the tube 5 illustrated sixth embodiment differs from the cleaning body 1f of Fig. 7 especially in that the buoyant body 2 is not rigidly but movably connected to the cleaning body 4.
  • a pin 7 On the buoyancy body 2, a pin 7 is fixed, which engages through a central opening 8 in the cleaning element 4 and at its free end a disc 9, as shown, attached as an axial boundary relative mobility of the buoyant body 2 relative to the cleaning element 4 in the axial direction is.
  • a relative mobility of the buoyant body 2 and the cleaning element 4 in the radial direction is allowed by the fact that the diameter of the opening 8 is greater than the diameter of the pin 7. It has been shown that this articulated connection between buoyancy body 2 and the cleaning element 4 the entrance of the cleaning body 1g facilitates in the tube 5 and the cleaning body 1g occupies the position shown in the drawing as it passes through the tube 5.
  • a cleaning element 4 is for the execution of the cleaning body 1f and 1g and 1h a leaf-shaped disc made of spring steel according to Fig. 9 prefers.
  • the resilient laminations 4a are separated by a wide slot 4b and have rounded corners 4c to avoid any risk of jamming adjacent slats 4a z. B. to avoid a pipe socket or the like.
  • In the middle is the opening 8 for the pin 7 of the buoyancy body. 2
  • the seventh embodiment of a cleaning body 1h according to Fig. 10 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 8 in that two buoyancy bodies 2 are present, so that in each case a buoyancy body 2 is arranged on both sides of the cleaning element 4.
  • the pin 7 connects the two buoyancy bodies 2 and simultaneously provides the connection to the cleaning element 4, with a limited radial and axial relative mobility of the buoyancy bodies 2 relative to the cleaning element 4a as in the embodiment according to Fig. 8 , In each direction of movement is always one of the two spherical or pear-shaped buoyancy body 2 in the flow direction S forward, so that the tube 5 is always traversed in the illustrated position.
  • the cleaning element 4 adapts, as in the other embodiments, the inner diameter of the pipe 5 to be cleaned, so that a cleaning of deposits is effected.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Procédé pour nettoyer des tuyaux dans des échangeurs thermiques
    - avec au moins un tuyau (5)
    - qui peut être traversé par un agent d'écoulement, en particulier par de l'huile brute, avec une température supérieure à 120° C,
    - au moyen de corps de nettoyage qui sont configurés de telle manière
    - à être résistants aux températures (supérieures à 120°C) et
    - résistants aux agents d'écoulement agressifs comme l'huile brute
    - et qui présentent une surface de contact extérieure appropriée pour nettoyer les dépôts comme les cokéfactions, les particules de poussière ou équivalent de la paroi intérieure du tuyau et
    - qui sont passés à travers le tuyau (5) sous la pression de l'agent d'écoulement et
    - qui sont configurés élastiques comme des ressorts de telle manière
    - qu'ils sont pressés lors du nettoyage avec leur surface de contact contre la paroi intérieure du tuyau sous l'effet d'une force de pression et
    - que les dépôts sont détachés et évacués du tuyau (5),
    caractérisé en ce
    - que comme échangeur thermique un échangeur thermique à faisceau de tuyaux est nettoyé
    - qui présente une multitude de tuyaux (5) placés parallèlement l'un à l'autre entre deux chambres (10a, 10b) et
    - les corps de nettoyage (1a, 1b, 1 c, 1 e) comprennent un flotteur intérieur (2) et un élément de nettoyage extérieur (4) qui enveloppe le flotteur (2) et qui sont configurés de telle manière
    - qu'ils sont transportés en flottant librement dans l'agent d'écoulement qui coule pour de grandes sections de passage comme, par exemple, dans les chambres (10a, 10b) de l'échangeur thermique (10) et
    - qu'ils descendent ou montent dans l'agent d'écoulement qui stagne.
  2. Procédé pour nettoyer des tuyaux dans des échangeurs thermiques
    - avec au moins un tuyau (5)
    - qui peut être traversé par un agent d'écoulement, en particulier par de l'huile brute, avec une température supérieure à 120° C,
    - au moyen de corps de nettoyage qui sont configurés de telle manière
    - à être résistants aux températures élevées (supérieures à 120°C) et
    - résistants aux agents d'écoulement agressifs comme l'huile brute
    - et qui présentent une surface de contact extérieure appropriée pour nettoyer les dépôts comme les cokéfactions, les particules de poussière ou équivalent de la paroi intérieure du tuyau et
    - qui sont passés à travers le tuyau (5) sous la pression de l'agent d'écoulement et
    - qui sont configurés élastiques comme des ressorts de telle manière
    - qu'ils sont pressés lors du nettoyage avec leur surface de contact contre la paroi intérieure du tuyau sous l'effet d'une force de pression et
    - que les dépôts sont détachés et évacués du tuyau (5),
    caractérisé en ce
    - que comme échangeur thermique un échangeur thermique à faisceau de tuyaux est nettoyé
    - qui présente une multitude de tuyaux (5) placés parallèlement l'un à l'autre entre deux chambres (10a, 10b) et
    - les corps de nettoyage (1g, 1h) comprennent un flotteur (2) et un élément de nettoyage (4) qui sont reliés de manière articulée l'un à l'autre et qui sont configurés de telle manière
    - qu'ils sont transportés en flottant librement dans l'agent d'écoulement qui coule pour de grandes sections de passage comme, par exemple, dans les chambres (10a, 10b) de l'échangeur thermique (10) et
    - qu'ils descendent ou montent dans l'agent d'écoulement qui stagne.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les corps de nettoyage (1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 e ; 1 g, 1 h) sont rassemblés après le passage à travers les tuyaux (5) et sont, au besoin, amenés aux ouvertures d'entrée des tuyaux (5) pour un autre passage de nettoyage à travers les tuyaux (5).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les corps de nettoyage (1a, 1b, 1c, 1e ; 1g, 1h) sont guidés dans un circuit, à savoir après le passage continu ou discontinu à travers les tuyaux (5), soit sont amenés directement à nouveau au côté d'admission des tuyaux (5) pour un nouveau passage, soit sont tout d'abord collectés dans un dispositif collecteur et le nettoyage des tuyaux (5) est interrompu et est effectué à nouveau après expiration d'une certaine durée ou en fonction du degré de saleté ou d'un autre paramètre.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisé dans un tuyau de retour pour les corps de nettoyage (1 a, 1b, 1 c, 1 e ; 1 g, 1 h) entre le côté d'admission et le côté de sortie de l'échangeur thermique un filtre ou un tamis mobile ou fixe pour capter les corps de nettoyage (1 a, 1b, 1 c, 1 e ; 1g, 1 h) du flux d'agent comme dispositif de captation pour les corps de nettoyage (1 a, 1b, 1 c, 1e ; 1 g, 1 h).
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un sas pour remplir, vider et pour le stockage intermédiaire des corps de nettoyage (1a-1h) pendant l'interruption du nettoyage des tuyaux est placé en aval du dispositif de captation.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les corps de nettoyage (1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 e) sont configurés comme des corps qui roulent élastiques, substantiellement en forme de boules, avec une surface nettoyante, toute la surface des corps de nettoyage (1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 e) formant la surface de contact pour nettoyer les dépôts de la paroi intérieure du tuyau.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre extérieur des corps de nettoyage (1 a, 1b, 1 c, 1 e) à l'état sans pression, à savoir avant l'entrée des corps de nettoyage (1 a, 1b, 1 c, 1 e) dans les tuyaux (5), est plus grand que le diamètre intérieur des tuyaux (5) et qu'il s'adapte au diamètre intérieur des tuyaux (5) lorsque le corps de nettoyage (1 a, 1b, 1 c, 1 e) entre dans les ouvertures d'entrée des tuyaux (5) et est alors comprimé élastiquement.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que le flotteur (2) est placé respectivement au centre des corps de nettoyage (1a, 1b, 1c, 1e) et est constitué par un ou plusieurs corps creux résistants à la pression ou configurés résistants à la pression, par exemple en métal ou par des corps avec un faible poids spécifique comme par exemple de la mousse de métal.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 7, 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de nettoyage (4) forme respectivement la surface de contact des corps de nettoyage (1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 e) et est constitué par des lamelles de métal, un tricot de métal, un treillis de métal, une feuille de métal ou une couche de matériau abrasif résistant aux températures et à l'agent qui est posée directement sur le flotteur (2) ou sur un élément intermédiaire.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de nettoyage (4) est configuré respectivement élastique comme un ressort.
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'un agent d'élasticité élastique comme un ressort (3) comme de la mousse de métal porte l'élément de nettoyage (4).
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les corps de nettoyage (1 g, 1 h) sont constitués respectivement au moins par un flotteur antérieur (2) - ceci étant vu dans le sens d'écoulement de l'agent d'écoulement dans les tuyaux (5) - et un élément de nettoyage (4) placé sur la face arrière de celui-ci et relié de manière articulée au flotteur (2).
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que l'élément flotteur (2) présente respectivement une forme bombée ou sphérique ronde et est en tôle ou en une matière synthétique résistante aux températures extrêmement élevées.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de nettoyage (4) est configuré respectivement en forme de feuille ou de disque ainsi que rond en tôle à ressort et porte une couronne constituée par des lamelles élastiques comme des ressorts (4a) qui repose comme surface de contact sur la paroi intérieure du tuyau.
  16. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisé en ce que la liaison entre le flotteur (2) et l'élément de nettoyage (4) permet respectivement un mouvement relatif radial limité et de préférence un mouvement axial relatif limité du flotteur (2) et de l'élément de nettoyage (4).
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de nettoyage (4) présente des lamelles en forme de feuille de trèfle (4a) qui sont séparées l'une de l'autre par un évidement (4b) et qui présentent des coins arrondis (4c).
  18. Procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 13 à 17, caractérisé en ce que respectivement un élément flotteur (2) est placé des deux côtés de l'élément de nettoyage (4).
  19. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de l'élément de nettoyage (4), de l'agent d'élasticité (3) lorsqu'il en est utilisé un comme matériau de liaison et de l'élément flotteur (2) est résistant aux températures (120° C minimum) ainsi qu'aux substances agressives comme de l'huile brute et est de préférence constitué par du métal.
EP03810424A 2002-11-05 2003-10-31 Procédé de nettoyage de tubes dans les échangeurs de chaleur Expired - Lifetime EP1565702B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10251736 2002-11-05
DE10251736A DE10251736A1 (de) 2002-11-05 2002-11-05 System zum Reinigen von Rohren von Wärmetauschern
PCT/EP2003/012136 WO2004042314A1 (fr) 2002-11-05 2003-10-31 Systeme de nettoyage de tubes d'echangeurs de chaleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1565702A1 EP1565702A1 (fr) 2005-08-24
EP1565702B1 true EP1565702B1 (fr) 2008-10-22

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03810424A Expired - Lifetime EP1565702B1 (fr) 2002-11-05 2003-10-31 Procédé de nettoyage de tubes dans les échangeurs de chaleur

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP1565702B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE412158T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003276222A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10251736A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004042314A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004029263B3 (de) * 2004-06-17 2005-12-15 Rhodius Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Reinigungskörpers sowie ein nach diesem hergestellter Reinigungskörper
FR2898406A1 (fr) * 2006-03-13 2007-09-14 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Element pour ameliorer les echanges thermiques entre un objet et un fluide en circulation et dispositif a echange thermique
DE102007032232A1 (de) 2007-07-11 2009-01-15 Ratner, Friedrich, Dr.-Ing. Die Schwammgummikugeln
DE102013110738B4 (de) * 2013-09-27 2015-05-28 Axel Grabitz Wärmetauscher
CA2847814C (fr) * 2014-03-27 2021-09-28 Nova Chemicals Corporation Systeme de reacteur autonettoyant
DE102014019137B3 (de) * 2014-12-23 2016-02-18 Niels Christian Holm Rohrleitungssystem mit einer einen Reinigungsmolch aufnehmenden Molchschleuse

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US1597850A (en) * 1925-05-27 1926-08-31 Henry T Weis Tube-cleaning plug
US1668438A (en) * 1925-05-27 1928-05-01 Henry T Weis Tube-cleaning plug
GB1356460A (en) * 1971-12-28 1974-06-12 Ira Stephens Ltd Tube cleaning bullets
US3946455A (en) * 1974-05-15 1976-03-30 Marvin Echols Cleaning device for tubes
FR2495028A1 (fr) * 1980-12-01 1982-06-04 Alsthom Atlantique Element de nettoyage et installation de nettoyage mettant en oeuvre cet element
JPS601559B2 (ja) * 1983-03-30 1985-01-16 株式会社東芝 高温熱水用クリ−ニング・ボ−ル
US4569097A (en) * 1983-11-23 1986-02-11 Superior I.D. Tube Cleaners Incorporated Tube cleaners
EP0167938B1 (fr) * 1984-07-04 1987-09-30 Röhm Gmbh Corps échangeur de chaleur en matière plastique
DE9309320U1 (de) * 1993-06-23 1994-11-03 Taprogge GmbH, 58300 Wetter Vorrichtung zum Überführen von Reinigungskörpern
US5473787A (en) * 1994-06-21 1995-12-12 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Method and apparatus for cleaning tubes of heat exchangers
CA2252243C (fr) 1997-10-31 2007-07-03 On Stream Technologies Inc. Racleur et methode de nettoyage de tubes
US6014789A (en) * 1998-02-03 2000-01-18 Knapp; Kenneth M. Multiple tube cleaning pig featuring replaceable disks anchoring cleaning studs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1565702A1 (fr) 2005-08-24
ATE412158T1 (de) 2008-11-15
WO2004042314A1 (fr) 2004-05-21
DE50310682D1 (de) 2008-12-04
DE10251736A1 (de) 2004-05-13
AU2003276222A1 (en) 2004-06-07

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